1 00:00:00,520 --> 00:00:05,120 Speaker 1: Already and this is the Daily This is the Daily ODS. 2 00:00:05,120 --> 00:00:06,840 Speaker 1: Oh now it makes sense. 3 00:00:14,680 --> 00:00:17,400 Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily ODS. It's Tuesday, 4 00:00:17,400 --> 00:00:19,520 Speaker 2: the twid of December. I'm Zara Seidler. 5 00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:20,840 Speaker 1: I'm Billy fitz Simon's. 6 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:24,120 Speaker 2: On Sunday, New South Wales police arrested one hundred and 7 00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:27,920 Speaker 2: forty one people associated with the climate protest in Newcastle. 8 00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:31,280 Speaker 2: It came after thousands of people took out kayaks and 9 00:00:31,440 --> 00:00:35,040 Speaker 2: inflatable rafts in an attempt to block cold ships entering 10 00:00:35,040 --> 00:00:38,320 Speaker 2: the world's biggest coalport. In today's podcast, Billy, we're going 11 00:00:38,400 --> 00:00:40,960 Speaker 2: to break down what the protesters were aiming to do, 12 00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:44,320 Speaker 2: how New South Wales police responded, and what comes next. 13 00:00:48,400 --> 00:00:51,400 Speaker 1: Zara, when I woke up yesterday morning, I saw this 14 00:00:51,520 --> 00:00:55,240 Speaker 1: protest all over international news sites, which is when I 15 00:00:55,280 --> 00:00:57,600 Speaker 1: feel like I know that this is a big story. 16 00:00:57,680 --> 00:00:59,680 Speaker 2: Yeah, it does make you feel special when Australia comes 17 00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:01,200 Speaker 2: up New York Times, You're like. 18 00:01:01,240 --> 00:01:05,800 Speaker 1: Yes, neighbor, Australia's on the big say exactly, But it 19 00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:07,800 Speaker 1: was a bit like that was it was? Yeah, So 20 00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:13,080 Speaker 1: let's talk about this protest. What were organizers aiming to do? 21 00:01:13,319 --> 00:01:16,920 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's a good question. So this specific protest, and 22 00:01:16,920 --> 00:01:19,640 Speaker 2: there have been lots of climate protests held across the year, 23 00:01:19,720 --> 00:01:23,160 Speaker 2: but this one was organized by a group called Rising Tide. 24 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:26,200 Speaker 2: That group says it was actually one of the first 25 00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:30,800 Speaker 2: grassroots climate groups here in Australia. They've been active in 26 00:01:30,880 --> 00:01:34,640 Speaker 2: Newcastle since two thousand and five, so that's twenty years. 27 00:01:34,680 --> 00:01:37,479 Speaker 2: It's a long time. And they say that they're known 28 00:01:37,600 --> 00:01:42,000 Speaker 2: for community campaigning and nonviolent direct actions. Well unpack what 29 00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:44,440 Speaker 2: that means in a little bit, but the group itself 30 00:01:44,520 --> 00:01:47,840 Speaker 2: has three main demands. So basically they're protesting because of 31 00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:51,840 Speaker 2: three main things. One they want the government to immediately 32 00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:55,840 Speaker 2: cancel all new fossil fuel projects. Two, they want to 33 00:01:56,080 --> 00:01:59,520 Speaker 2: tax fossil fuel export profits at seventy eight percent to 34 00:01:59,640 --> 00:02:02,400 Speaker 2: fund the transition to green energy. Lots of words to 35 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:05,480 Speaker 2: just say they want fossil fuel companies to be paying 36 00:02:05,520 --> 00:02:09,240 Speaker 2: for the transition away from fossil fuels essentially. And three 37 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:12,920 Speaker 2: to end all coal exports from Newcastle by twenty thirty 38 00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:15,800 Speaker 2: and so just quickly. The reason that they are targeting 39 00:02:15,840 --> 00:02:19,280 Speaker 2: Newcastle is because it's the world's largest coal port. 40 00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:23,480 Speaker 1: And I've seen protests from this group from Rising Tide. 41 00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:25,840 Speaker 1: I mean, you said that they've been around for twenty years. 42 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:28,440 Speaker 1: I feel like I have seen them in the news before. 43 00:02:28,880 --> 00:02:31,959 Speaker 1: What's different about what happened over the weekend. 44 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:36,440 Speaker 2: Yeah, so this weekend marked their annual People's Blockade, and 45 00:02:36,440 --> 00:02:40,680 Speaker 2: that's a specific event in I guess their calendar, and 46 00:02:41,120 --> 00:02:45,000 Speaker 2: that is a multi day event. It actually continues until today. 47 00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:48,920 Speaker 2: And the People's Blockade, as the name would suggest, is 48 00:02:48,960 --> 00:02:51,880 Speaker 2: an organized effort by the group to block those coal 49 00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:56,480 Speaker 2: exports by physically blockading them from coming into the port 50 00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:57,400 Speaker 2: or leaving the port. 51 00:02:57,639 --> 00:03:00,120 Speaker 1: And when you say physically blocking them, you mean they 52 00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:02,040 Speaker 1: literally get into the water in kayaks. 53 00:03:02,080 --> 00:03:05,560 Speaker 2: They think in kayaks and like these inflatable rafts, so 54 00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:10,360 Speaker 2: they're not using boats presumably that would require energy, like 55 00:03:10,520 --> 00:03:14,200 Speaker 2: you know, got electric motorized boat. They were all on 56 00:03:14,320 --> 00:03:17,240 Speaker 2: kayaks or like. There were lots of photos and videos 57 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:21,000 Speaker 2: of people blowing up these inflatable rafts and essentially they 58 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:24,880 Speaker 2: went out and physically blocked the entry and exit of 59 00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:28,560 Speaker 2: certain boats. There were thousands of people who did this. 60 00:03:28,919 --> 00:03:30,800 Speaker 2: As I said, it was like fairly organized. If you 61 00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:33,720 Speaker 2: go onto the Rising Tide website, there's a whole long 62 00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:36,080 Speaker 2: list of like you can do this. You can't do this. 63 00:03:36,480 --> 00:03:39,240 Speaker 2: Here's what type of kayak to bring. If you can't swim, 64 00:03:39,280 --> 00:03:40,920 Speaker 2: you can't do this, those sorts of things. So it's 65 00:03:41,040 --> 00:03:43,720 Speaker 2: very organized. So, as I said, they are trying to 66 00:03:43,760 --> 00:03:47,520 Speaker 2: disrupt those coal ships. And what we understand is that 67 00:03:47,560 --> 00:03:50,600 Speaker 2: by five pm on Sunday, the Port Authority of New 68 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:53,640 Speaker 2: South Wales had issued a statement confirming that the protest 69 00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:58,680 Speaker 2: activity had disrupted four ships, including two there weren't actually 70 00:03:58,760 --> 00:04:00,960 Speaker 2: coal ships. We don't know whether that was on purpose 71 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:04,360 Speaker 2: or not. In that statement, the Port Authority said that 72 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:06,960 Speaker 2: maintaining the safe operation of the port and ensuring the 73 00:04:06,960 --> 00:04:10,080 Speaker 2: safety of maritime workers and the general public remains the 74 00:04:10,160 --> 00:04:12,520 Speaker 2: highest priority. So that's giving a bit of color as 75 00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:14,600 Speaker 2: to why those boats were disrupted. 76 00:04:15,040 --> 00:04:18,159 Speaker 1: And when you say that they successfully disrupted those boats, 77 00:04:18,440 --> 00:04:21,920 Speaker 1: you mean that their process was temporarily. 78 00:04:21,400 --> 00:04:22,760 Speaker 2: Halted, Yeah, exactly. 79 00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:26,360 Speaker 1: But in the end they didn't actually stop the boats 80 00:04:26,400 --> 00:04:29,799 Speaker 1: from arriving on Australian shores because then police got involved. 81 00:04:30,120 --> 00:04:34,120 Speaker 2: Yeah, so there was a brief period where basically the 82 00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:37,400 Speaker 2: process of these boats coming or leaving was interrupted. As 83 00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:41,599 Speaker 2: you said, It was resumed later, but there was a 84 00:04:41,680 --> 00:04:44,960 Speaker 2: disruption that stopped them in their tracks. Essentially. But as 85 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:48,919 Speaker 2: you said, there was quite a lot of police presence 86 00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:53,080 Speaker 2: at this protest, and there were a number of arrests 87 00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:56,040 Speaker 2: made and this was really what was dominating headlines because 88 00:04:56,080 --> 00:04:59,120 Speaker 2: it is quite a significant number. So at least one 89 00:04:59,200 --> 00:05:02,679 Speaker 2: hundred and forty one people were arrested, and as I said, 90 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:05,919 Speaker 2: this protest activity is ongoing, and so we can expect 91 00:05:05,960 --> 00:05:09,720 Speaker 2: that number could rise over the coming days. Of those 92 00:05:09,760 --> 00:05:12,600 Speaker 2: one hundred and forty one people arrested, eighteen of them 93 00:05:12,680 --> 00:05:15,800 Speaker 2: were children, and so they were dealt with under the 94 00:05:15,800 --> 00:05:18,760 Speaker 2: Young Offenders Act. Police had a line in their press 95 00:05:18,760 --> 00:05:21,000 Speaker 2: statement that said that, which I thought was quite interesting. 96 00:05:21,240 --> 00:05:23,520 Speaker 1: And when you say children under eighteen. 97 00:05:23,360 --> 00:05:26,120 Speaker 2: Under eighteen exactly, and so they're dealt with obviously differently 98 00:05:26,240 --> 00:05:29,520 Speaker 2: under the law. The rest of those arrested, I'm not 99 00:05:29,560 --> 00:05:31,560 Speaker 2: going to do quick maths, but the rest of them 100 00:05:31,760 --> 00:05:34,960 Speaker 2: were adults and so they will be charged and tried 101 00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:39,600 Speaker 2: as adults. Police did include some incidents of note that's 102 00:05:39,640 --> 00:05:42,159 Speaker 2: what they call them, and I'll just list off a 103 00:05:42,200 --> 00:05:44,320 Speaker 2: few to give you a sense of what some of 104 00:05:44,360 --> 00:05:49,280 Speaker 2: these charges might be. So one woman allegedly was on 105 00:05:49,400 --> 00:05:53,039 Speaker 2: a boat and she collided with a police jet ski 106 00:05:53,120 --> 00:05:56,760 Speaker 2: that was pursuing her and so they arrested her after 107 00:05:56,800 --> 00:06:00,680 Speaker 2: that activity. Separately, police reported and alleged assault where a 108 00:06:00,680 --> 00:06:04,520 Speaker 2: man sustained lacerations in his back, arms, legs and head. 109 00:06:05,040 --> 00:06:08,560 Speaker 2: But more broadly, police said that they witnessed several unsafe 110 00:06:08,640 --> 00:06:12,320 Speaker 2: practices on the water, so those were some isolated, I 111 00:06:12,320 --> 00:06:15,680 Speaker 2: guess incidents that police reported in their statement. But then 112 00:06:15,760 --> 00:06:18,840 Speaker 2: more broadly they were talking about the protest at large. 113 00:06:18,880 --> 00:06:22,560 Speaker 2: They said while New South Wales Police recognizes and supports 114 00:06:22,600 --> 00:06:25,320 Speaker 2: the rights of individuals and groups to exercise their rights 115 00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:29,080 Speaker 2: of free speech and peaceful assembly, the priority for police 116 00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:31,800 Speaker 2: is always the safety of the wider community and there 117 00:06:31,839 --> 00:06:34,960 Speaker 2: will be zero tolerance for illegal and dangerous behavior. 118 00:06:36,120 --> 00:06:38,039 Speaker 1: And over the past few years there has been a 119 00:06:38,040 --> 00:06:41,680 Speaker 1: big conversation in Australia and between the states and territories, 120 00:06:41,680 --> 00:06:44,400 Speaker 1: because I know protest laws is up to the states 121 00:06:44,440 --> 00:06:47,240 Speaker 1: and territories, but I feel like across all of Australia 122 00:06:47,680 --> 00:06:51,200 Speaker 1: protest laws have changed recently. Ye, where are we up 123 00:06:51,240 --> 00:06:52,640 Speaker 1: to in New South Wales. 124 00:06:53,040 --> 00:06:55,840 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's a good question and perhaps a good opportunity 125 00:06:55,880 --> 00:06:58,360 Speaker 2: for a refresher because we did do a pod episode 126 00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:01,520 Speaker 2: and we'll throw that in today's show notes, but essentially 127 00:07:01,600 --> 00:07:04,400 Speaker 2: just taking one step back a bit because the language 128 00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:06,440 Speaker 2: that used by police there, I think can be a 129 00:07:06,440 --> 00:07:09,920 Speaker 2: bit confusing because here in Australia, there's nothing in our 130 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:13,280 Speaker 2: constitution that ensures we do have a right to protest. 131 00:07:13,480 --> 00:07:16,360 Speaker 2: That's not in our constitution. There are only a few 132 00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:20,320 Speaker 2: things that are enshrined there. Where we are protected is 133 00:07:20,320 --> 00:07:24,240 Speaker 2: that Australia is party to several human rights treaties and 134 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:29,480 Speaker 2: under those treaties, the right of peaceful assembly is recognized. Specifically, 135 00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:32,240 Speaker 2: that treaty says no restrictions may be placed on the 136 00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:35,720 Speaker 2: exercise of this right other than those imposed in conformity 137 00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:38,520 Speaker 2: with the law, and which are necessary in the interests 138 00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:42,920 Speaker 2: of national security, or public safety or public order. Continues 139 00:07:42,960 --> 00:07:45,080 Speaker 2: on with a few other things, but I think that's 140 00:07:45,080 --> 00:07:48,160 Speaker 2: an important thing to highlight because New South Wales police 141 00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:51,360 Speaker 2: over the last few years has started to crack down 142 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:56,960 Speaker 2: on protests, especially in reference to public safety. So when 143 00:07:56,960 --> 00:07:58,920 Speaker 2: we last spoke about this, it was in regards to 144 00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:03,679 Speaker 2: quite a significant Palestinian march that was rejected by police 145 00:08:03,720 --> 00:08:07,520 Speaker 2: because of they deemed a risk to public safety in 146 00:08:07,560 --> 00:08:10,160 Speaker 2: New South Wales specifically, you ask there have been a 147 00:08:10,280 --> 00:08:14,520 Speaker 2: number of legislative responses that we have seen to the 148 00:08:14,680 --> 00:08:18,200 Speaker 2: rise in these types of protests, and essentially, I guess 149 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:20,800 Speaker 2: to categorize it all in one, police now have more 150 00:08:20,960 --> 00:08:24,680 Speaker 2: powers to shut down these protests ahead of time or 151 00:08:24,720 --> 00:08:26,960 Speaker 2: if they deemed there to be a public safety risk 152 00:08:27,080 --> 00:08:27,960 Speaker 2: when they're. 153 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:30,760 Speaker 1: So they have more power in order to stop these 154 00:08:30,880 --> 00:08:32,080 Speaker 1: kinds of protests. 155 00:08:31,760 --> 00:08:34,800 Speaker 2: Yeah, exactly, and then in certain circumstances, they also now 156 00:08:34,840 --> 00:08:39,160 Speaker 2: have more powers to arrest and charge protesters with new crimes. 157 00:08:39,400 --> 00:08:41,320 Speaker 1: And so you said that there were one hundred and 158 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:44,640 Speaker 1: forty one people who were arrested. Is that an unusually 159 00:08:44,800 --> 00:08:47,560 Speaker 1: high number of people who were arrested? 160 00:08:47,920 --> 00:08:50,400 Speaker 2: I thought it was like when I saw that headline, 161 00:08:50,480 --> 00:08:52,480 Speaker 2: I couldn't remember a time where we had seen that 162 00:08:52,559 --> 00:08:56,520 Speaker 2: number of arrests. However, I was mistaken because at the 163 00:08:56,559 --> 00:08:59,199 Speaker 2: same event last year, police arrested more than one hundred 164 00:08:59,240 --> 00:09:02,200 Speaker 2: and seventy three people. So there were actually fewer people 165 00:09:02,320 --> 00:09:05,200 Speaker 2: arrested this year at the same event than last year, 166 00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:08,839 Speaker 2: which I was quite surprised about. Many of those people 167 00:09:08,840 --> 00:09:12,240 Speaker 2: who are arrested last year are actually still facing the 168 00:09:12,320 --> 00:09:14,760 Speaker 2: legal system here in New South Wales. At the time 169 00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:18,000 Speaker 2: of recording, earlier this year, there was a push by 170 00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:21,520 Speaker 2: Rising Tide to get those charges dropped. They were quoting 171 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:24,680 Speaker 2: legal experts. In a statement in October, they said, the 172 00:09:24,679 --> 00:09:28,120 Speaker 2: police have spent enough time, money, and resources on these charges. 173 00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:31,640 Speaker 2: Police as prosecutors must act in the public interest, and 174 00:09:31,679 --> 00:09:34,560 Speaker 2: the public interests and the interests of justice can only 175 00:09:34,559 --> 00:09:38,000 Speaker 2: be served if these charges are withdrawn. But that has 176 00:09:38,040 --> 00:09:41,040 Speaker 2: not happened, and we can now assume that exactly the 177 00:09:41,040 --> 00:09:43,439 Speaker 2: same process is going to start from now with the 178 00:09:43,480 --> 00:09:45,480 Speaker 2: one hundred and forty one people who have been charged 179 00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:46,280 Speaker 2: this time around. 180 00:09:46,600 --> 00:09:48,640 Speaker 1: And just to end, you said at the start that 181 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:51,920 Speaker 1: Rising Tides aim You listed all of their aims and 182 00:09:51,960 --> 00:09:53,880 Speaker 1: a lot of them were government action. 183 00:09:54,080 --> 00:09:54,200 Speaker 2: Yea. 184 00:09:54,480 --> 00:09:57,880 Speaker 1: So has the government responded to what has happened. 185 00:09:58,160 --> 00:10:02,520 Speaker 2: Yeah, Look, we haven't heard much federally. I do want 186 00:10:02,559 --> 00:10:06,240 Speaker 2: to point out that federal Green's leader Larissa Waters was there. 187 00:10:06,480 --> 00:10:09,160 Speaker 2: She participated in the blockade. She has a video of 188 00:10:09,160 --> 00:10:12,280 Speaker 2: herself there. In that video, she said that she was 189 00:10:12,360 --> 00:10:15,120 Speaker 2: part of the flotilla fighting for a safe climate and 190 00:10:15,160 --> 00:10:18,120 Speaker 2: that she couldn't be more proud. As for the federal government, 191 00:10:18,280 --> 00:10:20,560 Speaker 2: we didn't hear a whole lot, but it must be 192 00:10:20,640 --> 00:10:23,040 Speaker 2: said that they were a bit busy this weekend. Prime 193 00:10:23,040 --> 00:10:26,319 Speaker 2: Minister Anthony Albanesi got married on Saturday. 194 00:10:26,440 --> 00:10:29,080 Speaker 1: He did the first Australian Prime minister to get married 195 00:10:29,120 --> 00:10:30,040 Speaker 1: whilst in office. 196 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:32,840 Speaker 2: Correct, that's a little fun trivia fact that you can 197 00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:35,920 Speaker 2: put in your little pocket. But we did see from 198 00:10:35,920 --> 00:10:38,640 Speaker 2: a lot of the photos that most of cabinet, if 199 00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:42,320 Speaker 2: not all, were there. And I bring that up only 200 00:10:42,400 --> 00:10:46,480 Speaker 2: because I want to finish on a note from Rising Tide, 201 00:10:46,960 --> 00:10:50,920 Speaker 2: because they did have some comments about the Prime minister's marriage. 202 00:10:50,960 --> 00:10:54,880 Speaker 2: They said in a statement, we congratulate mister Albanzi on 203 00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:58,240 Speaker 2: his marriage. Now it's time to divorce the Minerals Council 204 00:10:58,360 --> 00:11:01,360 Speaker 2: and other fossil fuel lobbyists, stop approving new cal and 205 00:11:01,400 --> 00:11:04,360 Speaker 2: gas projects and slap a new tax on coal profits 206 00:11:04,360 --> 00:11:07,439 Speaker 2: to fund new jobs. So that is their comments about 207 00:11:07,480 --> 00:11:11,240 Speaker 2: the Prime minister's wedding. But certainly we haven't had much 208 00:11:11,240 --> 00:11:14,800 Speaker 2: of a response from the Federal government about this specific protest. 209 00:11:15,120 --> 00:11:17,200 Speaker 1: I was going to ask you the relevance between the 210 00:11:17,200 --> 00:11:19,560 Speaker 1: Prime Minister's wedding and this thank you. 211 00:11:19,080 --> 00:11:23,800 Speaker 2: I'm not sure if it landed, but I think it 212 00:11:23,880 --> 00:11:24,280 Speaker 2: might have. 213 00:11:25,000 --> 00:11:27,960 Speaker 1: A very interesting story. And yeah, I mean they've been 214 00:11:27,960 --> 00:11:29,959 Speaker 1: around for twenty years, so I'm sure that we will 215 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:33,000 Speaker 1: be hearing much more from this group. Sarah, thank you 216 00:11:33,040 --> 00:11:35,200 Speaker 1: for taking us through that. Thank you, Billy, and thank 217 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:37,600 Speaker 1: you so much for listening to this episode of The 218 00:11:37,679 --> 00:11:40,600 Speaker 1: Daily oz. If you would like to help us grow, 219 00:11:40,679 --> 00:11:44,040 Speaker 1: we would greatly appreciate if you could press follow on 220 00:11:44,200 --> 00:11:47,680 Speaker 1: Spotify and Apple. It really helps us climb up those 221 00:11:47,800 --> 00:11:51,600 Speaker 1: charts and helps an independent media organization like us find 222 00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:54,280 Speaker 1: new audiences. Thank you so much. We'll be back this 223 00:11:54,320 --> 00:11:56,920 Speaker 1: afternoon with your evening headlines, but until then, have a 224 00:11:56,960 --> 00:12:03,400 Speaker 1: great day. My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a 225 00:12:03,400 --> 00:12:08,120 Speaker 1: proud Arunda Bunjelung Calgodon woman from Gadighl country. The Daily 226 00:12:08,240 --> 00:12:11,280 Speaker 1: oz acknowledges that this podcast is recorded on the lands 227 00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:14,520 Speaker 1: of the Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal 228 00:12:14,600 --> 00:12:17,560 Speaker 1: and torrest Rate island and nations. We pay our respects 229 00:12:17,679 --> 00:12:20,720 Speaker 1: to the first peoples of these countries, both past and present.