WEBVTT - Why cigarettes look different in Australia now

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<v Speaker 1>Already and this is the Daily This is the Daily OS. Oh,

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<v Speaker 1>now it makes sense. Good morning and welcome to the

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<v Speaker 1>Daily OS. It's Wednesday, the second of April. I'm Emma Gillespie.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm Zara Zeidler.

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<v Speaker 1>This week Australia became the second country in the world

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<v Speaker 1>to mandate health warnings on individual cigarette sticks. The change

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<v Speaker 1>is a part of several new tobacco control measures, which

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<v Speaker 1>we're going to take you through in more detail in

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<v Speaker 1>today's Deep Dive.

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<v Speaker 2>Now, m we have spoken many times and written many

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<v Speaker 2>times about vaping. As of late, it's the new thing

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<v Speaker 2>that we know is particularly pertinent when it comes to

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<v Speaker 2>young people. But as a result, I do feel like,

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<v Speaker 2>certainly in the media and perhaps at society at large,

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<v Speaker 2>we have stopped talking about cigarettes as much, perhaps as

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<v Speaker 2>we have as vabes. Can you just give us, I guess,

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<v Speaker 2>a lay of the land as to how popular smoking

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<v Speaker 2>still is, because I think there is a bit of

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<v Speaker 2>a misconception there.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, absolutely, and I think we're kind of seeing that

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<v Speaker 1>reflected in current strategies from the government about cracking down

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<v Speaker 1>on the illicit tobacco market, the black market there with cigarettes.

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<v Speaker 1>But in terms of what we know definitively about the

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<v Speaker 1>smoking rate in Australia. It's more than halved since two

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<v Speaker 1>thousand and one, so a lot of progress has been made.

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<v Speaker 1>Government data shows us though that eight point three percent

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<v Speaker 1>of Australians over the age of fourteen smoked tobacco cigarettes daily. Now.

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<v Speaker 1>In nineteen ninety one that figure was twenty four percent. So,

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<v Speaker 1>as I said, a lot of progress has been made,

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<v Speaker 1>but that's still eight point three percent of Australians.

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<v Speaker 2>Now.

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<v Speaker 1>There has been a global decline in tobacco usage around

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<v Speaker 1>the world. This is not a unique trend in Australia,

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<v Speaker 1>but we are here in Australia actually exceeding global targets.

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<v Speaker 1>So the Weld Health Organization set this goal for countries

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<v Speaker 1>around the world to reduce their tobacco usage by thirty

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<v Speaker 1>percent between twenty twelve and twenty twenty five. Now, in

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<v Speaker 1>an update from the WHO last year, Australia was expected

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<v Speaker 1>to exceed that target and reach a thirty five percent

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<v Speaker 1>national decrease by this year. A caveat here, and I

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<v Speaker 1>guess before we go any further, is that these WHO

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<v Speaker 1>figures include traditional cigarettes and heated tobacco products, but not

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<v Speaker 1>vapes that contain nicotine only, and that eight point three

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<v Speaker 1>percent of Australians who smoke daily. That figure is referring

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<v Speaker 1>to people who are smoking cigarettes tobacco cigarettes. So we

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<v Speaker 1>do know that smoking rates have declined and that vaping

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<v Speaker 1>rates have surged, but the latest kind of data on

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<v Speaker 1>that precedes these strong anti vaping measures that we've seen

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<v Speaker 1>rolled out in the last few years. So the kind

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<v Speaker 1>of national survey that we look to for this information

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<v Speaker 1>is called the National Household Drug Survey. It was last

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<v Speaker 1>conducted in the twenty twenty two to twenty three financial year,

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<v Speaker 1>and of course since then vaping rules have changed, and

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<v Speaker 1>as you mentioned, there is maybe an anecdotal uptick in

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<v Speaker 1>the rates of smoking amongst young people as a result

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<v Speaker 1>of those reforms. So we'll be looking to the next

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<v Speaker 1>survey to find out kind of more about that figure specifically.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, but even here you've said eight percent of us

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<v Speaker 2>is over the age of fourteen smoke daily. That is

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<v Speaker 2>still while comparative to where it used to be smaller,

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<v Speaker 2>it is still quite a significant portion of the community

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<v Speaker 2>who are still smoking cigarettes, and that figure doesn't include vaping.

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<v Speaker 2>What does the latest data tell us about the health

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<v Speaker 2>outcomes for the smokers. We've learnt so much over the

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<v Speaker 2>last you know, however, many decades exactly.

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<v Speaker 1>So, even though there are less people smoking, the negative

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<v Speaker 1>health outcomes caused by smoking are still very, very serious,

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<v Speaker 1>and there are many health issues associated with smoking. A

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<v Speaker 1>statement from the Department of Health last month actually said

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<v Speaker 1>that long terms, smokers die ten years earlier than non smokers,

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<v Speaker 1>and tobacco smoking remains one of the leading causes of

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<v Speaker 1>preventable death and disability in Australia. So what we're kind

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<v Speaker 1>of seeing rolled out this week in response to that

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<v Speaker 1>are some new measures aimed at improving public health rates overall,

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<v Speaker 1>aimed at reducing those preventable deaths, and part of that

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<v Speaker 1>includes several new health warnings.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and so this is what I really wanted to

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<v Speaker 2>zero in on, because when we received this information, we

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<v Speaker 2>weren't sure if it was April fools, just by nature

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<v Speaker 2>of the day, when you're working in news and it's

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<v Speaker 2>April first, you never quite know what you're meant to

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<v Speaker 2>do with that. But no, it's not April Fools. From yesterday,

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<v Speaker 2>we understand that individual cigarettes will have health warnings published

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<v Speaker 2>onto them or printed onto them, and that is in

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<v Speaker 2>addition to existing plane packaging laws and warnings that go

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<v Speaker 2>on the outside of the packet. Yeah, I guess let's

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<v Speaker 2>go from the outside in. Those plane packaging law have

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<v Speaker 2>been in place for quite a while. Now, what do

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<v Speaker 2>we know about their effectiveness? And then I want to

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<v Speaker 2>go to this more recent news.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, so you would probably be very familiar with those

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<v Speaker 1>quite graphic images on the packaging of cigarettes. Those warnings

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<v Speaker 1>have been in place since December twenty twelve, things like

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<v Speaker 1>messaging and images of a gangrenous foot which has a

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<v Speaker 1>warning alongside it saying smoking causes vascular disease. Everyone has

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<v Speaker 1>seen those pictures, and experts say that those warnings are effective,

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<v Speaker 1>that they do work when it comes to increasing knowledge

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<v Speaker 1>about the harms of smoking and preventing smoking uptake and

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<v Speaker 1>encouraging smokers to quit. But what they have acknowledged is

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<v Speaker 1>that their effectiveness decreases over time. So as we become

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<v Speaker 1>more and more accustomed to seeing these images, they are

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<v Speaker 1>less shocking, we become desensitized to them, and they are

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<v Speaker 1>therefore less impactful. So it's hoped that a range of

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<v Speaker 1>mandatory new tobacco health warnings are going to shift that

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<v Speaker 1>sentiment again. And I'd smokers that education and also access

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<v Speaker 1>to support services.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, so talk me through those changes then I mentioned

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<v Speaker 2>one of them before.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, So, as of the first of April yesterday, all

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<v Speaker 1>cigarettes sold in Australia must have those individual warnings printed

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<v Speaker 1>on them. As you mentioned under the changes, that includes

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<v Speaker 1>eight different phrases. So each cigarette will have one of

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<v Speaker 1>eight phrases that includes a phrase causes sixteen cancers and

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<v Speaker 1>damages your lungs and damages your DNA on each cigarette. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>according to the Department of Health, those warnings provide information

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<v Speaker 1>to quote help people understand the consequences of smoking and

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<v Speaker 1>encourage people to stop smoking or to not start at all.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know if you're going to answer this, but

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<v Speaker 2>the logistics of this blows my mind.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>The idea of printing these tiny messages on these tiny cigarettes, yep.

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<v Speaker 2>And then my brain immediately goes to does the message

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<v Speaker 2>disappear when you start smoking? How does that actually work?

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<v Speaker 1>No, it's a really good question, and I think we

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<v Speaker 1>all had that question when reading this announcement. The warnings

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<v Speaker 1>are actually printed on both sides of the cigarette filter,

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<v Speaker 1>so it's the filter part of the cigarette that doesn't

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<v Speaker 1>burn down. Rather than the paper, So these warnings are

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<v Speaker 1>preserved on that filter on either side, you know, long

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<v Speaker 1>after the cigarette has been smoked. And you know, even

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<v Speaker 1>though this is a really interesting kind of reform, it's

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<v Speaker 1>not the first time it's happened in the world. The

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<v Speaker 1>government announced this legislation about a year ago and at

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<v Speaker 1>the time there was no one else doing it. But

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<v Speaker 1>since then Canada has actually rolled out its own very

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<v Speaker 1>similar approach. There are phrases like quote poison in every

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<v Speaker 1>puff and cigarettes cause cancer that appear near the filter

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<v Speaker 1>of cigarettes sold there. The Canadian Cancer Society has said

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<v Speaker 1>that those health warnings are there with every cigarette and

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<v Speaker 1>every puff during every smoke break. They simply cannot be ignored.

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<v Speaker 2>They said, I mean, even though there is one country,

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<v Speaker 2>that's not a lot, there's not a lot of precedent here,

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<v Speaker 2>and Australia has kind of led the way when it

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<v Speaker 2>comes to tobacco reform, and clearly the same as being

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<v Speaker 2>done here. You did mention though, that the individual warnings

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<v Speaker 2>are not the only reform that took effect yesterday. What

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<v Speaker 2>else was there?

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<v Speaker 1>Yes So there are also ten new graphic health warnings

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<v Speaker 1>for cigarette packaging. So the ones that we discussed before

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<v Speaker 1>that were introduced originally in twenty twelve. They're going to

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<v Speaker 1>get a bit of a refresh, so some new and

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<v Speaker 1>different images and messaging. There's also going to be these

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<v Speaker 1>new health promotion inserts inside the packets of the cigarettes,

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<v Speaker 1>So there'll be ten new promotional inserts and they will

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<v Speaker 1>include information on quitting and support services like Quitline. So

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<v Speaker 1>I think what's really interesting about these is that, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>rather than the shock factor maybe of the warnings and

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<v Speaker 1>the images, these inserts are really focused on educating people

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<v Speaker 1>about the benefits of quitting, the social benefits, the health benefits,

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<v Speaker 1>and they provide advice and strategies to kind of help

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<v Speaker 1>people quit and begin that journey with some resources and support.

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<v Speaker 1>There is also a ban being rolled out on menthol cigarettes,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's going to be a phased ban which started

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<v Speaker 1>yesterday for.

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<v Speaker 2>People who maybe aren't familiar with what a menthol cigarette is,

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<v Speaker 2>what is it and why menthols.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, so this one is really about banning an ingredient

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<v Speaker 1>that makes smoking taste better essentially, So.

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<v Speaker 2>The same argument as vaping about the flavored vapes exactly.

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<v Speaker 1>So mental cigarettes kind of have like a menthol bead

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<v Speaker 1>near the filter that smokers crack and it sends this

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<v Speaker 1>kind of cooling flavor through the cigarette product.

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<v Speaker 2>And simply had no idea. That's what happened. Learn something

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<v Speaker 2>new every day.

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<v Speaker 1>It's really interesting. And it's funny you mentioned that the

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<v Speaker 1>vaping flavors there, because the policy that has informed this

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<v Speaker 1>kind of crackdown really ties into similar strategies that we've

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<v Speaker 1>seen with vaping. So Health Minister Mark Butler launched a

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<v Speaker 1>crackdown on flavored vapes, and as part of that he

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<v Speaker 1>sort of described these products being marketed to young people specifically.

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<v Speaker 1>And that's what we're seeing here. There's this crackdown on

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<v Speaker 1>smoking products that taste good or that look different. There's

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<v Speaker 1>this other standardized measure being rolled out about the size

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<v Speaker 1>of cigarette sticks. So no more novelty pack sizes or

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<v Speaker 1>no more long cigarettes.

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<v Speaker 2>I was gonna say there was always I mean, I

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<v Speaker 2>don't know if this was pop culture movies, I don't

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<v Speaker 2>know what it is, but like the long, thin cigarette, yes,

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<v Speaker 2>being thought of as classy exactly. Imagine this is all

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<v Speaker 2>trying to crack down on repackaging something that no matter

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<v Speaker 2>which way you look at it is still bad for you. Yep.

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<v Speaker 1>So when he announced these new tobacco control measures. Mark

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<v Speaker 1>Butler touched on exactly what you've just articulated, Zara. He said,

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<v Speaker 1>quote big Tobacco has found these innovative ways to make

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<v Speaker 1>their products seem almost cool, particularly appealing to young Australians

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<v Speaker 1>and young smokers. He said. They use additives and flavors

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<v Speaker 1>like menthol capsules, and they use shapes and colorings that

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<v Speaker 1>are deliberately designed to make them look effective, like so

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<v Speaker 1>called vogue that are popular on Instagram. Exactly what you've

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<v Speaker 1>described there, Zara. Butler said that they use quote cool

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<v Speaker 1>but ultimately misleading names and brands, things like Crush, Organic,

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<v Speaker 1>Smooth or Vogues.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it is really fascinating. And the fact that these

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<v Speaker 2>moves have already been made when it comes to vaping

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<v Speaker 2>and now we're kind of going back to the cigarettes

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<v Speaker 2>to implement very similar reforms exactly in some ways shows

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<v Speaker 2>I guess how intrinsically linked these two things are. And

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<v Speaker 2>I do want to just finish by getting a sense

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<v Speaker 2>of how health advocates in the country have responded to

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<v Speaker 2>these reforms.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, so they have been broadly welcomed by health advocates

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<v Speaker 1>and groups like the Cancer Council, Cancer Council Australia, who

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<v Speaker 1>described our country as world leaders in tobacco control. I

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<v Speaker 1>think you know, we've seen that over the years with

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<v Speaker 1>the packaging reforms, with the taxation on cigarettes. They said

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<v Speaker 1>that the reforms are quote effective evidence based measures. Interestingly,

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<v Speaker 1>Cancer Council also pointed out to the fact that the

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<v Speaker 1>new warnings will include smoking harms that many people might

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<v Speaker 1>not actually be aware of, such as diabetes, a rectile dysfunction,

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<v Speaker 1>cervical cancer, DNA damage, the impact of secondhand smoke on

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<v Speaker 1>children's lung capacity. And then we had the director of

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<v Speaker 1>Quit the Support Service, Rachel Anderson. She said she hopes

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<v Speaker 1>the changes will educate Australians quote acting as both a

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<v Speaker 1>disincentive to smoke and a bridge to services such as

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<v Speaker 1>quitline and quit dot org dot AU.

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<v Speaker 2>I guess it's just a matter of time now to

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<v Speaker 2>see whether these reforms are as effective as the government

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<v Speaker 2>hopes that they will be. I do imagine though, that

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<v Speaker 2>regardless of the fact that these measures came into force yesterday,

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<v Speaker 2>there are likely still going to be products that don't

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<v Speaker 2>conform to the new era rules. So what happens there.

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<v Speaker 1>So this was actually announced, these reforms were announced late

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<v Speaker 1>last year, and manufacturers and importers and retailers were kind

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<v Speaker 1>of offered this transition period to give them time to

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<v Speaker 1>sh shift to the new arrangements. So that transition period

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<v Speaker 1>was largely seen as finishing up at the end of March. However,

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<v Speaker 1>from now until the end of June, basically retailers are

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<v Speaker 1>allowed to sell through stock that doesn't meet these new requirements,

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<v Speaker 1>and then from the thirtieth of June the government will

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<v Speaker 1>be more hardline on enforcing those regulations amongst retailers and

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<v Speaker 1>there will be penalties and fines for retailers who are

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<v Speaker 1>selling product that does not contain those new warnings.

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<v Speaker 2>Am a really interesting topic. Thank you for explaining that.

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<v Speaker 2>Thank you, and thank you for listening to another episode

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<v Speaker 2>of The Daily Oas as always, we'll be vaculated today

0:13:39.920 --> 0:13:42.440
<v Speaker 2>with the headlines. But until then, I have a great day.

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<v Speaker 2>My name is Lily Madden and I'm a proud Arunda

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<v Speaker 2>Bunjelung Calcuttin woman from Gadigl Country. The Daily os acknowledges

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<v Speaker 2>that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the

0:13:56.200 --> 0:13:59.960
<v Speaker 2>Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and torystrenth

0:14:00.040 --> 0:14:02.959
<v Speaker 2>island and nations. We pay our respects to the first

0:14:02.960 --> 0:14:05.480
<v Speaker 2>peoples of these countries, both past and present.