1 00:00:00,520 --> 00:00:03,720 Speaker 1: Already and this this is the Daily This is the 2 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:04,440 Speaker 1: Daily OS. 3 00:00:05,120 --> 00:00:06,840 Speaker 2: Oh, now it makes sense. 4 00:00:14,680 --> 00:00:16,720 Speaker 1: Good morning, and welcome to the Daily ODS. It's Monday, 5 00:00:16,720 --> 00:00:17,440 Speaker 1: the night of March. 6 00:00:17,480 --> 00:00:19,759 Speaker 2: I'm Elliott, Lorie, I'm believe it's Simon's. 7 00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:22,639 Speaker 1: Earlier this month, the US and Israel launched a joint 8 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:25,960 Speaker 1: attack on Iran, killing the country's supreme leader. Iran then 9 00:00:25,960 --> 00:00:28,320 Speaker 1: fled back with waves of missiles and drones across the 10 00:00:28,360 --> 00:00:30,640 Speaker 1: Middle East. By the end of the weekend, people all 11 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:32,959 Speaker 1: over the world were doing the same thing, opening their 12 00:00:32,960 --> 00:00:36,559 Speaker 1: phones and googling the term world war. In today's podcast, 13 00:00:36,560 --> 00:00:38,680 Speaker 1: we're going to discuss what defines the world war and 14 00:00:38,720 --> 00:00:41,000 Speaker 1: get to the bottom of whether or not we're already in. 15 00:00:40,920 --> 00:00:49,239 Speaker 2: One, Elliott, before we get into what exactly defines a 16 00:00:49,280 --> 00:00:51,599 Speaker 2: world war, which I think is something that we're all 17 00:00:51,600 --> 00:00:54,040 Speaker 2: thinking at the moment, do you want to just quickly 18 00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:56,880 Speaker 2: give us the brief context of what is happening in 19 00:00:56,920 --> 00:00:58,880 Speaker 2: Iran because it's very quick moving. 20 00:00:59,160 --> 00:01:01,920 Speaker 1: Yeah, of course. So back on the twenty eighth of February, 21 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:05,440 Speaker 1: the US and Israel launched a coordinated military strike on Iran. 22 00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:08,520 Speaker 1: The US has called it Operation Epic Fury. They were 23 00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:13,080 Speaker 1: targeting the Iranian military commanders, nuclear facilities, and senior officials. 24 00:01:13,400 --> 00:01:15,080 Speaker 1: And the biggest thing to come out of that was 25 00:01:15,120 --> 00:01:17,560 Speaker 1: the killing of Iran Supreme leader, who had been leading 26 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:19,360 Speaker 1: the country since nineteen eighty nine. 27 00:01:19,720 --> 00:01:22,640 Speaker 2: And the reason they did it is because of what 28 00:01:22,680 --> 00:01:25,800 Speaker 2: Iran was doing with nuclear weapons or what they were 29 00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:28,720 Speaker 2: perhaps doing, it's not completely clear. Right. 30 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:30,800 Speaker 1: Yeah, that was the main thing that Trump pointed to, 31 00:01:30,959 --> 00:01:34,559 Speaker 1: but he also outlined Iran support for sort of armed 32 00:01:34,560 --> 00:01:37,440 Speaker 1: proxy groups across the Middle East, and also recently you 33 00:01:37,520 --> 00:01:40,360 Speaker 1: might remember the crackdown on protesters in the country earlier 34 00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:40,920 Speaker 1: this year. 35 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:46,959 Speaker 2: And then Iran responded pretty quickly by striking US military 36 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:48,440 Speaker 2: bases in the Middle East. 37 00:01:48,520 --> 00:01:50,120 Speaker 1: Right, Yeah, it was a lot and I think a 38 00:01:50,160 --> 00:01:52,560 Speaker 1: lot of people seeing this online stided to get a 39 00:01:52,600 --> 00:01:56,320 Speaker 1: little bit worried, and that's what got everyone googling World War. 40 00:01:56,720 --> 00:01:58,280 Speaker 1: And this is something that you brought to me on 41 00:01:58,320 --> 00:01:59,720 Speaker 1: Tuesday morning, Yes. 42 00:01:59,640 --> 00:02:02,920 Speaker 2: Because once I saw that, you know, this wasn't just 43 00:02:03,120 --> 00:02:07,200 Speaker 2: now between Iran, the US, and Israel. It felt like, 44 00:02:07,480 --> 00:02:10,360 Speaker 2: you know, there were other countries getting involved, or at 45 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:13,640 Speaker 2: least that Iran was striking. And so as soon as 46 00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:17,919 Speaker 2: you hear about it, going to other countries, you do think, well, 47 00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:21,600 Speaker 2: are we in a world war? And so then I 48 00:02:21,639 --> 00:02:26,040 Speaker 2: decided to look at my trustee friend, Google trends. We 49 00:02:26,200 --> 00:02:30,120 Speaker 2: love Google trends. Quick side note. When I first started journalism, 50 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:33,960 Speaker 2: my full time job was basically just looking at how 51 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:37,960 Speaker 2: to optimize articles for Google Search. And that's when I 52 00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:40,720 Speaker 2: just became obsessed with Google trends. This is such a 53 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:43,560 Speaker 2: random thing, but it's just such an interesting thing to 54 00:02:43,639 --> 00:02:47,960 Speaker 2: look at what people are googling right now. And often 55 00:02:48,320 --> 00:02:51,760 Speaker 2: people are often googling their things that they want answered, 56 00:02:51,800 --> 00:02:53,639 Speaker 2: but often they don't know who to speak to about 57 00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:55,400 Speaker 2: it because maybe they're worried that it's too dumb of 58 00:02:55,440 --> 00:02:57,720 Speaker 2: a question. And even when I was looking at I 59 00:02:57,760 --> 00:03:00,240 Speaker 2: was like, I feel like I'm asking this question. I 60 00:03:00,280 --> 00:03:02,720 Speaker 2: don't know if it's a really dumb question to ask, 61 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:05,880 Speaker 2: but I also don't know the answer of what does 62 00:03:06,200 --> 00:03:09,320 Speaker 2: constitute a world war? So yes, last Tuesday I came 63 00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:11,560 Speaker 2: into work and I was like, Elliott, I'm putting you 64 00:03:11,639 --> 00:03:14,280 Speaker 2: up to the job. I want you to explain what 65 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:17,040 Speaker 2: constitutes a world war because I have confirmed with Google 66 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:20,880 Speaker 2: Trends that a lot of people are googling this right now, which. 67 00:03:20,720 --> 00:03:23,480 Speaker 1: Was actually a trickier task than I anticipated, so I 68 00:03:23,520 --> 00:03:25,679 Speaker 1: went away started looking into it and found that there's 69 00:03:25,720 --> 00:03:28,480 Speaker 1: no kind of singular definition of what is a world 70 00:03:28,560 --> 00:03:31,760 Speaker 1: war the term itself. The earliest recorded use that I 71 00:03:31,800 --> 00:03:34,640 Speaker 1: could find was in a Scottish newspaper in eighteen forty eight. 72 00:03:34,720 --> 00:03:37,320 Speaker 1: There they were using it to describe a war between 73 00:03:37,480 --> 00:03:40,120 Speaker 1: great powers, which we'll get into a little more later on. 74 00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:42,640 Speaker 1: But since then it's actually only formally been applied to 75 00:03:42,680 --> 00:03:45,840 Speaker 1: two conflicts, World War One, which was nineteen fourteen to 76 00:03:45,960 --> 00:03:49,000 Speaker 1: nineteen eighteen, and then World War Two between nineteen thirty 77 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:50,480 Speaker 1: nine and nineteen forty five. 78 00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:54,720 Speaker 2: I remember growing up when I learned about the two 79 00:03:54,800 --> 00:03:58,480 Speaker 2: World Wars, asking you know, my parents or whoever, will 80 00:03:58,520 --> 00:04:00,960 Speaker 2: there ever be a third World War? And I feel 81 00:04:00,960 --> 00:04:04,520 Speaker 2: like the answer was always know the world has learned 82 00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:06,520 Speaker 2: from their mistakes. Did you hear that? 83 00:04:07,040 --> 00:04:10,320 Speaker 1: I mean, largely yes, but there's always the possibility that 84 00:04:10,320 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 1: things could fire up again. And to kind of get 85 00:04:12,400 --> 00:04:15,240 Speaker 1: to the bottom of whether this conflict applies to a 86 00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:18,640 Speaker 1: world war scenario, I reached out to an academic. Her 87 00:04:18,680 --> 00:04:21,279 Speaker 1: name is doctor Nicole Townsend and she's a war studies 88 00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:24,880 Speaker 1: lecture at UNSW. We discussed what made those two conflicts, 89 00:04:24,920 --> 00:04:26,960 Speaker 1: World War One and World War two, different from every 90 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:29,120 Speaker 1: other one we've seen. You know, when you think about 91 00:04:29,160 --> 00:04:30,919 Speaker 1: something like the Cold War that involved a lot of 92 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:33,800 Speaker 1: countries that never quite qualified for being a world war. 93 00:04:34,040 --> 00:04:36,479 Speaker 1: And I wanted to know from her what were the 94 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:39,560 Speaker 1: things that made a world war? And she pointed to 95 00:04:39,600 --> 00:04:41,640 Speaker 1: three characteristics that need to be present. 96 00:04:41,760 --> 00:04:42,719 Speaker 2: Okay, so what are they? 97 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:45,080 Speaker 1: So the first one is that all or most of 98 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:47,719 Speaker 1: the major powers need to be directly involved, so not 99 00:04:47,920 --> 00:04:49,160 Speaker 1: just circumstantially. 100 00:04:49,400 --> 00:04:52,279 Speaker 2: Pause, what are the major powers? They're five? 101 00:04:52,600 --> 00:04:55,680 Speaker 1: Yeah, so that is up for debate. Ah, this is 102 00:04:55,680 --> 00:04:58,440 Speaker 1: a question I also had, And basically, major powers are 103 00:04:58,520 --> 00:05:02,680 Speaker 1: countries that you know, exact significant influence, whether that be economically, 104 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:06,080 Speaker 1: whether that be militarily, or with their relationships with other countries. 105 00:05:06,400 --> 00:05:08,800 Speaker 1: It's generally accepted that the major powers that we have 106 00:05:08,880 --> 00:05:11,640 Speaker 1: in the world are Russia, China, France, the UK, and 107 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:14,800 Speaker 1: the US. They make up the UN Security Council, but 108 00:05:14,920 --> 00:05:17,240 Speaker 1: oftentimes India and Japan are kind of lumped. 109 00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:20,960 Speaker 2: In there too, Australia not getting in close. Okay, And 110 00:05:21,040 --> 00:05:24,200 Speaker 2: at the moment, the US is the only one from 111 00:05:24,360 --> 00:05:27,320 Speaker 2: those that you just mentioned that are currently involved in 112 00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:31,680 Speaker 2: this conflict. So test one of whatever the other two 113 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:35,000 Speaker 2: characteristics of what constitutes a world war has failed. 114 00:05:35,040 --> 00:05:37,440 Speaker 1: This is not a world war exactly. But there are 115 00:05:37,480 --> 00:05:39,440 Speaker 1: two more characteristics that I will run you through. 116 00:05:39,520 --> 00:05:39,799 Speaker 2: Yes. 117 00:05:39,839 --> 00:05:42,160 Speaker 1: The second one is that this combat has to span 118 00:05:42,200 --> 00:05:44,680 Speaker 1: the globe, so that means fighting all across the planet. 119 00:05:44,760 --> 00:05:47,240 Speaker 1: If we think about World War two, there was combats 120 00:05:47,320 --> 00:05:51,120 Speaker 1: taking place in every continent except for Antarctica because the 121 00:05:51,120 --> 00:05:52,160 Speaker 1: penguins don't have guns. 122 00:05:53,400 --> 00:05:57,400 Speaker 2: That's interesting. So world War two there was literal fighting 123 00:05:57,520 --> 00:05:58,520 Speaker 2: in every single continent. 124 00:05:58,640 --> 00:05:59,159 Speaker 1: Yes. Correct. 125 00:05:59,279 --> 00:06:03,040 Speaker 2: This could be extreme ignorance on my behalf, Like, was 126 00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:05,080 Speaker 2: there fighting in Australia? 127 00:06:05,240 --> 00:06:06,640 Speaker 1: No, well, let's look it up. 128 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:10,400 Speaker 2: We wait, okay, let me look. Get to googling World 129 00:06:10,640 --> 00:06:14,279 Speaker 2: War to Wait. No, that's not how you google. 130 00:06:14,480 --> 00:06:15,920 Speaker 1: Well, I've got a fun fact for you, belief. It's 131 00:06:15,920 --> 00:06:19,480 Speaker 1: Simon's During World War two, Japanese aircraft bombed towns in 132 00:06:19,560 --> 00:06:22,080 Speaker 1: Northwest Australia and submarines attacked Sydney Harbor. 133 00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:25,560 Speaker 2: Huh wait, how did you google faster than me? 134 00:06:25,839 --> 00:06:26,599 Speaker 1: I'm just good like that. 135 00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:31,040 Speaker 2: Okay, So there was fighting in Australia. I didn't realize 136 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:32,800 Speaker 2: that was that really ignorant of me. 137 00:06:33,200 --> 00:06:35,479 Speaker 1: No, I think it was like not the main theater 138 00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:37,520 Speaker 1: of war, so people don't think about it when they 139 00:06:37,520 --> 00:06:40,440 Speaker 1: reflect on World War Two. It's mainly Europe, but it 140 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:41,200 Speaker 1: was everywhere. 141 00:06:41,560 --> 00:06:44,120 Speaker 2: I fear that my father, who is a historian, will 142 00:06:44,160 --> 00:06:47,120 Speaker 2: not be pleased by this conversation. But alas, we move on, 143 00:06:47,240 --> 00:06:49,240 Speaker 2: because now it is time for a quick message from 144 00:06:49,240 --> 00:06:56,720 Speaker 2: today's sponsor. Okay, So currently this war is only contained 145 00:06:56,960 --> 00:07:00,520 Speaker 2: to the Middle East in terms of the and where 146 00:07:00,680 --> 00:07:03,599 Speaker 2: there is fighting, which is not an articulate way to 147 00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:06,000 Speaker 2: say that, but we're going to keep going. So that 148 00:07:06,120 --> 00:07:09,840 Speaker 2: means that this war doesn't meet that criteria either, or 149 00:07:09,840 --> 00:07:11,480 Speaker 2: that part of the criteria either. 150 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:13,720 Speaker 1: Yeah. So first two failed. I will say it has 151 00:07:13,760 --> 00:07:15,640 Speaker 1: expanded a little bit beyond the Middle East. There has 152 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:19,040 Speaker 1: been some attacks in Europe, but they haven't been to 153 00:07:19,080 --> 00:07:20,720 Speaker 1: the scale that they are in the Middle East. But 154 00:07:20,880 --> 00:07:23,760 Speaker 1: moving on to the third and final characteristic is that 155 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:26,960 Speaker 1: a broad spectrum of nations have to be involved in 156 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:29,280 Speaker 1: the conflict. So that's not just the major powers that 157 00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:31,960 Speaker 1: we talked about earlier. That's smaller nations getting involved. So 158 00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:35,240 Speaker 1: something like in Australia, Yes, yeah, I think a good 159 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:37,840 Speaker 1: example of this is the ANZACs when they were fighting in. 160 00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:40,040 Speaker 2: Gallipoli, that was Australia and New Zealand. 161 00:07:39,880 --> 00:07:41,600 Speaker 1: Exactly fighting on behalf of Britain. 162 00:07:41,800 --> 00:07:42,880 Speaker 2: Yes, that makes sense. 163 00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:45,600 Speaker 1: Yeah. And then outside of these three characteristics, something else 164 00:07:45,640 --> 00:07:47,960 Speaker 1: that came up in my discussion with doctor Townsend is 165 00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:51,520 Speaker 1: that society kind of becomes involved beyond just the soldiers 166 00:07:51,520 --> 00:07:54,200 Speaker 1: in battles. So oftentimes you can think of the lines 167 00:07:54,200 --> 00:07:57,400 Speaker 1: between soldiers and civilians becoming blurred. Think of like the 168 00:07:57,440 --> 00:07:59,640 Speaker 1: bombings that were happening in Europe during World War Two. 169 00:07:59,800 --> 00:08:03,240 Speaker 2: Yeah, okay, so just to wrap up that we're not 170 00:08:03,560 --> 00:08:06,400 Speaker 2: in a world war and actually we're not really that 171 00:08:06,560 --> 00:08:09,640 Speaker 2: close to it based on what is happening today. 172 00:08:09,800 --> 00:08:11,840 Speaker 1: Yeah, if we go back to our criteria, we only 173 00:08:11,840 --> 00:08:15,160 Speaker 1: have one major power actively involved right now, it's isolated 174 00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:18,000 Speaker 1: to a semi small region and so far only a 175 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:20,720 Speaker 1: handful of smaller nations are actively participating. 176 00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:29,520 Speaker 2: Talking about smaller countries actively participating, Australia is not actively participating. 177 00:08:28,840 --> 00:08:31,960 Speaker 1: Right Yeah. So Prime Minister Anthony Alberanezi did initially come 178 00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:34,880 Speaker 1: out and say he supported that first attack, but since 179 00:08:34,920 --> 00:08:37,360 Speaker 1: then the Defense Minister Richard Miles has confirmed that we 180 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:40,880 Speaker 1: won't be participating in any strikes ourselves, and Foreign Minister 181 00:08:40,920 --> 00:08:43,760 Speaker 1: of Anyone also said it was quote highly unlikely Australia 182 00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:45,240 Speaker 1: would centroops. 183 00:08:45,080 --> 00:08:48,880 Speaker 2: Moving past how the government has responded, I think for 184 00:08:48,960 --> 00:08:52,800 Speaker 2: many Australians, obviously there are many Iranian Australians who have 185 00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:55,880 Speaker 2: been very concerned about their family members and their friends 186 00:08:55,880 --> 00:08:58,000 Speaker 2: who are still in Iran or in the Middle East. 187 00:08:58,160 --> 00:09:00,079 Speaker 2: I know that a lot of Australians came home. And 188 00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:03,439 Speaker 2: then I think also, you know, for the population in Australia, 189 00:09:03,520 --> 00:09:05,440 Speaker 2: many of us are kind of just watching the whole 190 00:09:05,440 --> 00:09:09,000 Speaker 2: thing unfold on social media and it is still I mean, 191 00:09:09,040 --> 00:09:12,280 Speaker 2: we've now had many wars unfold on social media and 192 00:09:12,320 --> 00:09:14,240 Speaker 2: this is part of that, and you kind of do 193 00:09:14,320 --> 00:09:17,120 Speaker 2: feel helpless and kind of it feels really scary. 194 00:09:17,480 --> 00:09:19,360 Speaker 1: I think it's really natural to be concerned. You know, 195 00:09:19,520 --> 00:09:21,400 Speaker 1: it's following us all the time twenty four to seven, 196 00:09:21,520 --> 00:09:23,600 Speaker 1: in our pockets, on our screens. We kind of can't 197 00:09:23,679 --> 00:09:27,160 Speaker 1: escape it. But something that was really comforting from my 198 00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:31,040 Speaker 1: conversation with doctor Townsend is that she kind of reassured 199 00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:33,560 Speaker 1: me that it will take a while for things to 200 00:09:33,679 --> 00:09:36,079 Speaker 1: escalate to the stage of a world war if they 201 00:09:36,120 --> 00:09:39,400 Speaker 1: do exactly. And there's two reasons she was so confident. 202 00:09:39,559 --> 00:09:42,079 Speaker 1: The first is that after World War Two, the international 203 00:09:42,080 --> 00:09:45,880 Speaker 1: community actually built institutions specifically designed to stop these type 204 00:09:45,920 --> 00:09:48,080 Speaker 1: of things from escalating. So you think of things like 205 00:09:48,080 --> 00:09:50,520 Speaker 1: the United Nations and a bunch of international laws that 206 00:09:50,559 --> 00:09:53,400 Speaker 1: were established. They are kind of imperfect, and we have 207 00:09:53,480 --> 00:09:55,760 Speaker 1: seen that play out in real time, but they exist 208 00:09:55,800 --> 00:09:56,920 Speaker 1: exactly for this moment. 209 00:09:57,280 --> 00:09:59,240 Speaker 2: Maybe that is why when I was younger, I was 210 00:09:59,280 --> 00:10:01,040 Speaker 2: told that there would no would be a Third World 211 00:10:01,080 --> 00:10:02,079 Speaker 2: War exactly. 212 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:04,520 Speaker 1: And the second reason that there wouldn't be a third 213 00:10:04,559 --> 00:10:07,240 Speaker 1: World War is self preservation. So if you think about it, 214 00:10:07,559 --> 00:10:10,440 Speaker 1: there's actually not a good reason for everyone to get 215 00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:12,920 Speaker 1: involved in a world war. It would kind of disable 216 00:10:13,040 --> 00:10:15,520 Speaker 1: all the ways that society is built to function at 217 00:10:15,520 --> 00:10:17,679 Speaker 1: the moment, and we would have to go back to 218 00:10:17,720 --> 00:10:20,840 Speaker 1: a much more disconnected way of living like we once 219 00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:23,520 Speaker 1: did before we became so globalized. What I would say 220 00:10:23,600 --> 00:10:26,120 Speaker 1: overall is that these things can escalate, but they do 221 00:10:26,360 --> 00:10:28,480 Speaker 1: tend to be diffused. We've seen that again and again, 222 00:10:28,960 --> 00:10:31,360 Speaker 1: and that's because it's in no one's best interest to 223 00:10:31,640 --> 00:10:33,040 Speaker 1: enter into a war of that size. 224 00:10:33,160 --> 00:10:36,200 Speaker 2: Yes, well, I hope that we don't have to do 225 00:10:36,280 --> 00:10:39,760 Speaker 2: any follow up to this podcast. Of course, the conflict 226 00:10:39,800 --> 00:10:42,400 Speaker 2: is ongoing for now, but doctor town Said says that 227 00:10:42,440 --> 00:10:45,360 Speaker 2: it's likely to not escalate further than that. Elliot, I'm 228 00:10:45,400 --> 00:10:46,880 Speaker 2: so glad I put you up to this job. That 229 00:10:46,960 --> 00:10:49,800 Speaker 2: was excellent explaining. Thank you, Thanks Billy, and thank you 230 00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:52,520 Speaker 2: so much for listening to this episode of The Daily Yours. 231 00:10:52,640 --> 00:10:55,240 Speaker 2: We'll be back later today with your evening headlines, but 232 00:10:55,320 --> 00:11:01,480 Speaker 2: until then, we hope you have a lovely day. My 233 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:04,520 Speaker 2: name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda Bunjelung 234 00:11:04,600 --> 00:11:08,920 Speaker 2: Calgardin woman from Gadighl country. The Daily oz acknowledges that 235 00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:11,439 Speaker 2: this podcast is recorded on the lands of the Gadighl 236 00:11:11,480 --> 00:11:14,839 Speaker 2: people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and torrest Rate 237 00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:17,800 Speaker 2: island and nations. We pay our respects to the first 238 00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:20,319 Speaker 2: peoples of these countries, both past and present.