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Speaker 1: My name is Lily Madden and I'm a proud Arunda

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Speaker 1: Bungelung Calcottin woman from Gadigal Country. The Daily oz acknowledges

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Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the

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Speaker 1: Gatighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres

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Speaker 1: Straight Island and nations. We pay our respects to the

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Speaker 1: first peoples of these countries, both past and present.

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Speaker 2: Good morning, and welcome to the Daily os. It's Thursday,

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Speaker 2: the eighteenth of January. I'm Zara, I'm Billy. Donald Trump

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Speaker 2: won the Iowa caucuses earlier this week, and that has

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Speaker 2: cemented him as the front runner in the twenty twenty

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Speaker 2: four Republican race to become the party's next presidential candidate.

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Speaker 3: We want to thank the great people of Iowa.

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Speaker 4: Thank you, We love you all.

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Speaker 1: What a turnout, what a crowd.

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Speaker 2: So it is the first step towards another expected showdown

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Speaker 2: between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, though it's not yet

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Speaker 2: guaranteed that both of the current president and the former

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Speaker 2: president will face off. Before that happens, they'll need to

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Speaker 2: go through the long public selection process of primaries. In

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Speaker 2: today's deep dive, we'll explain how American political parties choose

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Speaker 2: their candidates for presidents before we get there, Though billy

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Speaker 2: It's making headlines.

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Speaker 3: Customer online account details with companies like Dan Murphy's and

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Speaker 3: The Iconic have been targeted in cyber attacks. In an

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Speaker 3: approach used by hackers called credential stuffing. Scammers use the

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Speaker 3: same logging credentials across multiple sites, taking advantage of the

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Speaker 3: fact that many people use the same email and password

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Speaker 3: for different logins. Prime Minister Anthony Alberizi has urged Australians

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Speaker 3: to remain vigilant online to avoid the threat of cybersecurity breaches.

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Speaker 2: The Australian government has shared details about its plans to

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Speaker 2: regulate AI and hold companies responsible for their AI systems.

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Speaker 2: In an interim response to console tations that were held

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Speaker 2: last year, the government outlined a need for better regulatory

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Speaker 2: frameworks to fully address what it calls the risks of AI.

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Speaker 2: This could include transparency and accountability measures like a responsibility

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Speaker 2: for companies to label AI generated content. It also suggested

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Speaker 2: establishing an expert advisory body to support future AI regulations.

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Speaker 3: Israel and Hamas have reached a deal to deliver more

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Speaker 3: aid to civilians in Gaza in exchange for medicines to

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Speaker 3: be given to Israeli hostages in Gaza. Qatar said two

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Speaker 3: of its military planes will deliver the aid and medicines

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Speaker 3: to Egypt, which will then be transported to Gaza. It

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Speaker 3: comes as Australia's Foreign Minister Penny Wong announce more funding

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Speaker 3: for the region amid the humanitarian crisis. The funding is

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Speaker 3: also to help address the ongoing refugee crisis across the

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Speaker 3: Middle East.

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Speaker 2: And the good news Australian Donna Urkhat is awaiting confirmation

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Speaker 2: from the Guinness World Records after becoming the first person

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Speaker 2: to successfully run one thousand, three hundred co across Antarctica.

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Speaker 3: Super relatable, So relatable.

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Speaker 2: The Ultra marathon runner and scientists set a new record

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Speaker 2: for the longest polar run and hopes to encourage young

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Speaker 2: girls and women in sports.

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Speaker 3: I feel encouraged, Okay, Sara. It feels like groundhog day.

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Speaker 3: This is now the third presidential election in the US

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Speaker 3: in a row involving Donald Trump.

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Speaker 1: Wild so wild.

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Speaker 3: On Tuesday, our time, we heard the news that Donald Trump,

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Speaker 3: who of course is the former US president, had secured

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Speaker 3: an early victory in his race to become the Republican

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Speaker 3: nominee for president again.

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Speaker 2: He did, and anyone that was hoping that we would

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Speaker 2: stop talking about Donald Trump, I think Tuesday just confirmed

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Speaker 2: that that will not be the case. We will be

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Speaker 2: talking about him a lot this year. It's because he

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Speaker 2: won the Iowa caucuses earlier this week, and that was

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Speaker 2: the first US state to cast votes for the Republican candidacy.

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Speaker 2: I think it's fair to say, before we get into

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Speaker 2: it all that it wasn't a close race. It was

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Speaker 2: a total landslide. There was one US outlet that reported

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Speaker 2: that Trump won the race only thirty minutes after voting started,

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Speaker 2: not finish started. So very clear that there is strong

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Speaker 2: support in Iowa for Donald Trump. And while that is significant,

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Speaker 2: it is only the first in a long string of

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Speaker 2: votes that we're going to see across the US. In fact,

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Speaker 2: over the next few months, we're going to see each

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Speaker 2: state hold votes to decide who will leave the Republicans

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Speaker 2: in this year's presidential election. That's a process called the

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Speaker 2: primaries and caucuses.

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Speaker 3: I have to admit something I have live on air.

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Speaker 3: I have followed so many US elections now I have

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Speaker 3: never understood primaries.

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Speaker 2: Honestly, I don't think, I.

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Speaker 3: It is so hard to understand, and obviously it's so

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Speaker 3: different to how Australia runs its elections.

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Speaker 2: I think they should take some inspiration from how Australia

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Speaker 2: does it. It seems a lot more simple.

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Speaker 3: Well, let's see if you can take it down for

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Speaker 3: us in a simple way and I can finally understand it.

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Speaker 2: Please go ahead, I will try my best. So, as

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Speaker 2: I said, each of the fifty states in the US

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Speaker 2: has its own rules in the lead up to a

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Speaker 2: presidential election. So most states hold a vote it's called

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Speaker 2: a primary ballot, and that's to choose a presidential candidate.

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Speaker 2: So who either the Democrats or the Republicans will choose

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Speaker 2: to be their nominee. I'm following, Okay, So just a reminder,

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Speaker 2: even though we're talking about Trump and Biden a lot,

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Speaker 2: it's not actually confirmed that there'll be the two nominees

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Speaker 2: at this year's election. Before that happens, each of those

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Speaker 2: states has to vote. And each state really goes about

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Speaker 2: this differently, because if we weren't confused enough, we have

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Speaker 2: to add another level of complexity. So there are two

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Speaker 2: types of primaries. There's open or closed. Open primaries are

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Speaker 2: when any registered voter can go and have their say,

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Speaker 2: so fairly normal there. And then closed primaries are limited

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Speaker 2: to the registered members of a party, so if you

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Speaker 2: are registered Republican, you can then vote in that primary.

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Speaker 2: There are also states that have a mixture of both

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Speaker 2: this closed and this open process. And then there are

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Speaker 2: the states that hold caucuses instead of primaries, and that

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Speaker 2: is what happened in Iowa earlier this week. There the

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Speaker 2: election process is run by the political parties and registered

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Speaker 2: party members vote.

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Speaker 3: Okay, think I'm following, but I also think all of

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Speaker 3: the different nuances makes me feel better about why I

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Speaker 3: was so confused. It's obviously very cool.

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Speaker 2: We'll call it a flora in the system and not

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Speaker 2: a floor in our brains.

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Speaker 3: So you've explained what the process is. But I want

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Speaker 3: to talk about the outcome. What happened in Iowa.

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Speaker 2: It was the landslide. So Donald Trump won about fifty

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Speaker 2: one percent of the Republican votes while his competitors trailed

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Speaker 2: way way behind him. So there was Florida Governor Ron

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Speaker 2: de Santis, he won just twenty one percent, and then

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Speaker 2: former UNA Ambassador Nicki Hayley, who we spoke about last week,

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Speaker 2: she won nineteen percent. Of the votes, so big difference

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Speaker 2: there between the fifty one percent and anyone that came after.

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Speaker 2: Donald Trump won all the counties or districts in Iowa

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Speaker 2: except for one where he lost to Nicky Haley by

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Speaker 2: guess how many votes?

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Speaker 3: Okay, the fact that you ask me, I'm going to say,

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Speaker 3: like three votes.

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Speaker 2: Yep, one?

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Speaker 1: Oh wow.

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Speaker 2: So he was an obvious favorite for the Republicans there

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Speaker 2: in Iowa. But that is just one state. The next

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Speaker 2: primary election will be held in the state of New

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Speaker 2: Hampshire next week, where the polls are suggesting it could

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Speaker 2: be somewhat of a tighter race between Donald Trump and

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Speaker 2: Nicky Hayley, but Donald Trump is still the front runner.

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Speaker 3: So very convincing. When for Donald Trump, we have heard

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Speaker 3: a lot. I think we did the podcast on Nicky

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Speaker 3: Haley last week, but it's pretty convincing now that Donald

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Speaker 3: Trump is looking like he will be the candidate. We

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Speaker 3: did also hear that a few people dropped out of

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Speaker 3: the race too, Is that right?

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Speaker 2: Yeah? So I think that as a front runner becomes

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Speaker 2: clearer and clearer, the number of candidates naturally will shrink,

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Speaker 2: and we've already started to see that. So there were

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Speaker 2: two Republican challenges who dropped out this week. The first

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Speaker 2: was Vivek Ramaswami. He's the founder of a biotech company.

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Speaker 2: He announced he was dropping out of the race after

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Speaker 2: he came fourth in the Iowa caucuses, raking in just

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Speaker 2: eight percent of the votes.

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Speaker 4: And earlier tonight, I called Donald Trump to tell him

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Speaker 4: that I congratulate him on his victory and now going forward,

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Speaker 4: he will have my full endorsement for the presidency.

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Speaker 2: He threw his weight behind Donald Trump for president. They

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Speaker 2: appeared next to each other at a press conference and

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Speaker 2: Donald Trump said that he called him a friend and

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Speaker 2: that he was inspired by him, and that he was

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Speaker 2: young and they could do with some young ideas in

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Speaker 2: the party. The second was a former Arkansas governor who

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Speaker 2: got just zero point two percent of the votes, and

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Speaker 2: he was always considered an outside choice. So he also

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Speaker 2: dropped out. And that basically means that the race, which

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Speaker 2: we already knew but now it's really being confirmed, is

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Speaker 2: this three way contest between Donald Trump out in front,

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Speaker 2: Ronda Santis, and Nikki Hayley.

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Speaker 3: Right, so we have this three way contest. How long

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Speaker 3: will it be until we know who the Republican candidate is,

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Speaker 3: and also who the Democratic nominee is.

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Speaker 2: I mean, I don't know who it's good news or

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Speaker 2: bad news for, but we're just the beginning of that process.

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Speaker 2: So Iowa was the first race, and the last primaries

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Speaker 2: will take place on the eighth of June. But before

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Speaker 2: then we will have these big moments for choosing the candidate,

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Speaker 2: one of them being Super Tuesday, and that's on the

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Speaker 2: fifth of March this year, and there will be sixteen

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Speaker 2: primary races all held on that one day, so really

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Speaker 2: big states like California, Virginia, Alaska, they're all going to

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Speaker 2: hold their elections for the presidential candidate. Essentially, whoever wins

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Speaker 2: Super Tuesday is clearly a favorite to then become the

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Speaker 2: party's nominee. So it should become abundantly clear from March

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Speaker 2: onwards who the parties will pick just quickly.

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Speaker 3: With a Democratic nominee, I presume it will be Joe Biden,

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Speaker 3: but if they're process to choose that.

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Speaker 2: As well, there is a process, but it's all but

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Speaker 2: certain unless Joe Biden himself I think withdraws from the

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Speaker 2: race that he will be the Democrat's choice for president.

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Speaker 3: And just before we go, I think the last thing

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Speaker 3: that is missing for me is how does it all

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Speaker 3: get counted in the end, Like, do you have to

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Speaker 3: win a certain number of states to become the candidate?

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Speaker 3: How does that work?

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Speaker 2: So basically, how it works is that candidates get a

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Speaker 2: certain number of what we call delegates in each state. So,

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Speaker 2: for example, there were forty delegates up for grabs in Iowa,

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Speaker 2: and based on the percentage win that each candidate had,

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Speaker 2: they were then designated a certain number of delegates. So

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Speaker 2: Donald Trump won twenty of them. Remember he won Iowa,

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Speaker 2: Ron DeSantis won nine, and Nikki Haley won eight. The

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Speaker 2: number of delegates does vary by states, so it normally

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Speaker 2: depends on the size of the state. California, for example,

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Speaker 2: has one hundred and sixty nine delegates up for grabs,

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Speaker 2: and then smaller states like New Jersey have nine delegates

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Speaker 2: up for grabs. So the Republican candidate needs to win

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Speaker 2: one thousand, two hundred and fifteen delegates in total. That's

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Speaker 2: a majority to win the party's presidential nomination. So think

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Speaker 2: of it this way. We've had one of those elections

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Speaker 2: so far Iowa, Donald Trump has won twenty. Here's to

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Speaker 2: now get to one thy two hundred and fifteen in

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Speaker 2: order to win. And then these delegates end up going

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Speaker 2: to what's called the Republican or the Democratic national conventions

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Speaker 2: later this year, and that is where they confirm their

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Speaker 2: choice of candidates. So the Republican convention will take place

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Speaker 2: in July and the Democrat convention will take place in August,

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Speaker 2: and that is where we get the official candidates. Makes sense,

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Speaker 2: It actually genuinely.

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Speaker 3: I know I'm biased, but it genuinely feels like the

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Speaker 3: first time I have understood this.

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Speaker 2: I do think when talking about the US that it

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Speaker 2: is really interesting because it is really complex to understand

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Speaker 2: the system of voting. And then on top of that,

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Speaker 2: people don't actually have to vote when it comes to,

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Speaker 2: for example, the presidential election, and so it's complex and

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Speaker 2: there's no requirement, and I think that that creates a

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Speaker 2: really really interesting context in which we are seeing these

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Speaker 2: presidential elections play out.

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Speaker 3: Thank god we have you to explain it to us.

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Speaker 2: Well, lucky to have you by my side, and no

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Speaker 2: doubt we will be explaining a few more of the

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Speaker 2: quirky features of the US election system as we get

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Speaker 2: closer and closer to November.

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Speaker 3: Thank you so much for listening to this episode. Of

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