1 00:00:00,520 --> 00:00:03,280 Speaker 1: Already and this is this is the Daily Lot. 2 00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:06,840 Speaker 2: This is the Daily OS. Oh, now it makes sense. 3 00:00:14,720 --> 00:00:17,560 Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily OS. It's Monday, 4 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:19,200 Speaker 2: the twenty sixth of January. 5 00:00:19,320 --> 00:00:21,280 Speaker 1: I'm Lucy Tassel, I'm Sam Kauzluski. 6 00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:25,280 Speaker 2: Today's podcast is about today, the twenty sixth of January, 7 00:00:25,320 --> 00:00:29,200 Speaker 2: Australia's national Day and a public holiday. When we pold 8 00:00:29,360 --> 00:00:32,320 Speaker 2: the TDA audience in twenty twenty four, we found that 9 00:00:32,440 --> 00:00:36,040 Speaker 2: one in ten readers don't actually know why Australia Day 10 00:00:36,560 --> 00:00:39,640 Speaker 2: is held on the twenty sixth of January. In today's 11 00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:41,920 Speaker 2: deep dive, we'll look out the history of the day, 12 00:00:42,120 --> 00:00:46,760 Speaker 2: its protests and its celebrations. 13 00:00:48,400 --> 00:00:51,520 Speaker 1: So lots of countries have a national day. The US 14 00:00:51,640 --> 00:00:54,760 Speaker 1: has the fourth of July to celebrate their independence from Britain. 15 00:00:54,880 --> 00:00:58,320 Speaker 1: New Zealand has White Ungy Day, commemorating the signing of 16 00:00:58,400 --> 00:01:02,920 Speaker 1: the Treaty of Whitehungywe Maori people and English colonizers, and 17 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:06,200 Speaker 1: we've got Australia Day. Can you walk us through first 18 00:01:06,400 --> 00:01:08,840 Speaker 1: what exactly Australia Day commemorates. 19 00:01:09,280 --> 00:01:12,280 Speaker 2: So Australia has a national public holiday on the twenty 20 00:01:12,280 --> 00:01:15,160 Speaker 2: sixth of January, because it's the anniversary of the day 21 00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:17,920 Speaker 2: in seventeen to eighty eight that we think the First Fleet, 22 00:01:18,319 --> 00:01:20,920 Speaker 2: so the collection of ships sent from Britain to set 23 00:01:20,959 --> 00:01:24,880 Speaker 2: up a colony, including of course famously a prison, arrived 24 00:01:24,920 --> 00:01:27,360 Speaker 2: on the land of the Gatigal people in what's now 25 00:01:27,520 --> 00:01:30,520 Speaker 2: Circular Key. Throughout the following two hundred and thirty six 26 00:01:30,640 --> 00:01:35,240 Speaker 2: years there's been different celebrations and different protests held commemorating 27 00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:39,760 Speaker 2: this arrival, which marked the beginning of British colonization. In fact, 28 00:01:39,880 --> 00:01:43,319 Speaker 2: it actually wasn't until relatively recently that the date of 29 00:01:43,400 --> 00:01:46,240 Speaker 2: the twenty sixth of January was set aside as a 30 00:01:46,360 --> 00:01:49,200 Speaker 2: national public holiday in all states and territories. 31 00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:51,840 Speaker 1: Yeah, I'm keen to get into that discussion of how 32 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:55,080 Speaker 1: Australia Day came to be what it is today. But 33 00:01:55,120 --> 00:01:56,880 Speaker 1: before we get there, tell me a little bit more 34 00:01:56,920 --> 00:01:59,800 Speaker 1: about that day, twenty sixth of January seventeen eighty eight, 35 00:02:00,160 --> 00:02:03,520 Speaker 1: the First Fleet sailed into Sydney Cove. Do we know 36 00:02:03,640 --> 00:02:05,480 Speaker 1: anything else about that exact day. 37 00:02:05,760 --> 00:02:08,080 Speaker 2: We actually have quite a few first hand accounts from 38 00:02:08,080 --> 00:02:11,080 Speaker 2: people who were on ships in the First Fleet, certainly 39 00:02:11,080 --> 00:02:13,520 Speaker 2: in terms of written records. I'm going to read out 40 00:02:13,560 --> 00:02:16,640 Speaker 2: a little excerpt from a book called an Account of 41 00:02:16,680 --> 00:02:19,280 Speaker 2: the English Colony of New South Wales by a man 42 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:23,000 Speaker 2: named David Collins, who worked under Governor Arthur Phillip. He's 43 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:25,680 Speaker 2: the excerpt. In the course of the day, so the 44 00:02:25,680 --> 00:02:29,200 Speaker 2: twenty sixth sufficient ground was cleared for camping. In the 45 00:02:29,240 --> 00:02:32,399 Speaker 2: evening of this day, a flag staff was purposely erected 46 00:02:32,480 --> 00:02:35,760 Speaker 2: and a union jack displayed. Another first hand account, this 47 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:38,480 Speaker 2: one from Daniel Southwell, who traveled with the first fleet 48 00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:42,119 Speaker 2: as well, has a different description of their arrival. Southwell 49 00:02:42,160 --> 00:02:44,880 Speaker 2: said that as the ships came into the harbor, First 50 00:02:44,960 --> 00:02:48,680 Speaker 2: Nations people were visible on the shore, quote brandishing their 51 00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:51,640 Speaker 2: spears as though to dispute our passage, and that they 52 00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:53,519 Speaker 2: seemed frantic and agitated. 53 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:56,640 Speaker 1: And so even from those first hand accounts we start 54 00:02:56,639 --> 00:02:58,400 Speaker 1: to get a little bit of a sense of what 55 00:02:58,480 --> 00:03:01,400 Speaker 1: Sydney Cove would have looked and felt like back in 56 00:03:01,480 --> 00:03:04,760 Speaker 1: seventeen eighty eight. In the couple of one hundred years since, 57 00:03:05,080 --> 00:03:08,440 Speaker 1: what's the history of the day up until today. 58 00:03:08,639 --> 00:03:11,959 Speaker 2: So just fifty years down the track from seventeen eighty eight, 59 00:03:12,040 --> 00:03:15,359 Speaker 2: in eighteen thirty eight, one of the biggest events that's 60 00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:17,880 Speaker 2: ever taken place on this continent. On the twenty sixth 61 00:03:17,960 --> 00:03:21,880 Speaker 2: of January was in northern New South Wales where police 62 00:03:21,919 --> 00:03:25,919 Speaker 2: and settlers killed at least forty Gamillroy people in what's 63 00:03:25,960 --> 00:03:28,880 Speaker 2: known as the Waterloo Creek massacre. So that's on the 64 00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:32,560 Speaker 2: twenty sixth of January eighteen thirty eight, and that massacre 65 00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:35,320 Speaker 2: was just one in a series of violent attacks and 66 00:03:35,360 --> 00:03:38,760 Speaker 2: clashes that we know as the Frontier Wars. They began 67 00:03:38,840 --> 00:03:42,240 Speaker 2: in seventeen eighty eight with the establishment of that colony 68 00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:46,440 Speaker 2: and continued well into the twentieth century. So British settlers 69 00:03:46,480 --> 00:03:50,760 Speaker 2: were violently often advancing the colony across the country from 70 00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:55,120 Speaker 2: the east coast, and those First Nations communities resisted. It's 71 00:03:55,240 --> 00:03:57,960 Speaker 2: estimated that as much as ninety percent of the pre 72 00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:03,000 Speaker 2: colonization population was during these wars. And in twenty twenty, 73 00:04:03,120 --> 00:04:07,800 Speaker 2: Gamilroy elder Polycutmore told the ABC the trauma continues on 74 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:09,080 Speaker 2: from that massacre. 75 00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:12,120 Speaker 1: I think what strikes a lot of Australians about today 76 00:04:12,280 --> 00:04:16,000 Speaker 1: is just the contrast of what the day can be 77 00:04:16,240 --> 00:04:19,760 Speaker 1: as both a celebration or a day of mourning. And 78 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:23,600 Speaker 1: it seems like even back then there was a fairly 79 00:04:23,720 --> 00:04:27,120 Speaker 1: split experience of the day. When did we start seeing 80 00:04:27,160 --> 00:04:30,560 Speaker 1: more organized demonstrations of both celebration and mourning. 81 00:04:30,560 --> 00:04:33,279 Speaker 2: In eighteen eighty eight, so one hundred years down the line, 82 00:04:33,360 --> 00:04:36,520 Speaker 2: there were celebrations across the country, which of course was 83 00:04:36,560 --> 00:04:40,040 Speaker 2: still just a collection of states and territories pre federation 84 00:04:40,440 --> 00:04:43,680 Speaker 2: and Wurajerie writer doctor Anita Heiss has said that there 85 00:04:43,680 --> 00:04:47,240 Speaker 2: were boycotts of celebrations by First Nations people even in 86 00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:51,160 Speaker 2: eighteen eighty eight, but the first really organized demonstrations we 87 00:04:51,240 --> 00:04:53,520 Speaker 2: started to see were on the one hundred and fiftieth 88 00:04:53,520 --> 00:04:58,000 Speaker 2: anniversary in nineteen thirty eight. So in Sydney in nineteen 89 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:00,520 Speaker 2: thirty eight there was a re enactment of the first 90 00:05:00,520 --> 00:05:05,440 Speaker 2: Fleet's arrival, tall ships and people in colonial garb, and 91 00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:09,760 Speaker 2: at the same time, celebration organizers drove in First Nations 92 00:05:09,839 --> 00:05:12,520 Speaker 2: men from Nindi, which is on bark and g country 93 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:16,240 Speaker 2: way out west in New South Wales to perform in 94 00:05:16,320 --> 00:05:20,479 Speaker 2: the reenactment, running away from Governor Arthur Phillip or the 95 00:05:20,520 --> 00:05:23,680 Speaker 2: reenactor and appearing in a parade that was taken through 96 00:05:23,720 --> 00:05:27,640 Speaker 2: the city. You can actually see footage of this on YouTube. 97 00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:30,560 Speaker 2: Although I would just advise any First Nations viewers. Not 98 00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:33,560 Speaker 2: only would it possibly be distressing, but it's also the 99 00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:37,160 Speaker 2: faces and images of people who've died. Accounts from these 100 00:05:37,200 --> 00:05:40,760 Speaker 2: men's descendants reported by the ABC indicate that these men 101 00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:44,479 Speaker 2: were traumatized by this experience. On the same day, in 102 00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:46,880 Speaker 2: the same city as this was happening, in nineteen thirty eight, 103 00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:50,560 Speaker 2: there was a major First Nations led demonstration. It was 104 00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:54,200 Speaker 2: called a Day of Mourning and Protest Your to YORTAMN 105 00:05:54,240 --> 00:05:57,479 Speaker 2: and civil rights activist Jack Patten is quoted as telling 106 00:05:57,480 --> 00:06:01,120 Speaker 2: attendees on this day, the white people are rejoicing, but 107 00:06:01,240 --> 00:06:04,159 Speaker 2: we have no reason to rejoice. This land belonged to 108 00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:07,080 Speaker 2: our forefathers one hundred and fifty years ago, but today 109 00:06:07,160 --> 00:06:10,880 Speaker 2: we're pushed further and further into the background. So from 110 00:06:10,920 --> 00:06:14,240 Speaker 2: this point forward, from the nineteen thirties, we started seeing 111 00:06:14,320 --> 00:06:18,359 Speaker 2: a public holiday called Australia Day held around the twenty 112 00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:21,760 Speaker 2: sixth of January across the States and territories, although as 113 00:06:21,800 --> 00:06:24,279 Speaker 2: I mentioned up top, it was only recently in nineteen 114 00:06:24,320 --> 00:06:27,000 Speaker 2: ninety four that the twenty sixth of January became a 115 00:06:27,080 --> 00:06:28,919 Speaker 2: formal national public holiday. 116 00:06:29,279 --> 00:06:31,719 Speaker 1: And so here we are in twenty twenty six, thirty 117 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:35,000 Speaker 1: two years after it became a formal national public holiday. 118 00:06:35,480 --> 00:06:37,880 Speaker 1: What can we expect to see around the country today. 119 00:06:38,360 --> 00:06:42,320 Speaker 2: We can expect to see both celebrations and protests. There 120 00:06:42,360 --> 00:06:47,799 Speaker 2: will be major Invasion Day rallies and marches across capital cities. 121 00:06:48,360 --> 00:06:50,800 Speaker 2: In Sydney and on a live stream. There is the 122 00:06:50,920 --> 00:06:54,839 Speaker 2: Yabun Festival with lots of First Nations artists set to 123 00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:59,520 Speaker 2: perform around the country in regional centers and cities. They'll 124 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:04,560 Speaker 2: be barbeques, fairs, festivals, concerts. In Canberra they're having a 125 00:07:04,640 --> 00:07:07,960 Speaker 2: drone light show at night. And of course, until twenty 126 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:11,560 Speaker 2: twenty two, local councils around the country were required to 127 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:16,720 Speaker 2: hold citizenship ceremonies where people formally become citizens of Australia 128 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:19,560 Speaker 2: on the twenty sixth. They're not required to do it 129 00:07:19,600 --> 00:07:23,280 Speaker 2: on the day now and in response, some councils are 130 00:07:23,360 --> 00:07:26,560 Speaker 2: skipping that day and holding theirs on a different day 131 00:07:26,680 --> 00:07:29,680 Speaker 2: in the coming week. But just in New South Wales 132 00:07:29,720 --> 00:07:31,760 Speaker 2: and I have to shout out the journalists at the 133 00:07:31,840 --> 00:07:35,920 Speaker 2: Daily Telegraph for compiling this list of every council in 134 00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:39,120 Speaker 2: the state. From a look at their list, most council 135 00:07:39,200 --> 00:07:43,960 Speaker 2: areas are holding citizenship ceremonies or other award ceremonies on 136 00:07:44,200 --> 00:07:47,080 Speaker 2: the day of the twenty six that is today, of course. 137 00:07:47,520 --> 00:07:50,920 Speaker 1: Thanks for taking us on that journey through history, Lucy, 138 00:07:51,160 --> 00:07:54,520 Speaker 1: and we'll be back tomorrow with another episode of the 139 00:07:54,600 --> 00:07:57,640 Speaker 1: Daily os I hope that everyone is having a good day, 140 00:07:57,720 --> 00:08:00,360 Speaker 1: whether you're having that as a public holiday, or you're 141 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:02,840 Speaker 1: at work or somewhere in between. We'll chat to you 142 00:08:02,880 --> 00:08:03,400 Speaker 1: in the morning. 143 00:08:07,800 --> 00:08:10,160 Speaker 2: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda 144 00:08:10,360 --> 00:08:15,160 Speaker 2: Bunjelung Kalkudin woman from Gadighl Country. The Daily oz acknowledges 145 00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:17,400 Speaker 2: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the 146 00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:21,040 Speaker 2: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and torrest 147 00:08:21,080 --> 00:08:23,920 Speaker 2: Rate island and nations. We pay our respects to the 148 00:08:23,920 --> 00:08:26,720 Speaker 2: first peoples of these countries, both past and present.