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Speaker 1: Already and this is the daily This is the daily.

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Speaker 2: Ohs oh, now it makes sense. Good morning and welcome

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Speaker 2: to the Daily OS. It's Monday, the twenty third of September.

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Speaker 2: I'm Chloe, I'm Billy. When starting a family becomes challenging,

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Speaker 2: can Australians truly depend on the sector designed to support them?

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Speaker 2: That's the question that the peak body for the fertility

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Speaker 2: sector in Australia recently sought to answer, and their findings

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Speaker 2: not quite. They found that the current system discriminates against

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Speaker 2: non traditional families, it's legislated inconsistently across Australia and may

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Speaker 2: not be well placed to address future demand for reproductive technologies.

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Speaker 2: So they've proposed a new plan to overhaul how reproductive

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Speaker 2: technology so things like IVF are accessed and regulated in Australia.

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Speaker 2: We'll tell you what you need to know in today's

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Speaker 2: deep dive, but first, what's making Head.

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Speaker 3: Prime Minister Anthony Albanesi has met the leaders of the US, Japan,

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Speaker 3: and India at the twenty twenty four Quad Leader's Summit

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Speaker 3: in Delaware. The leaders announced a range of new initiatives,

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Speaker 3: including the Quad Cancer Moonshot initiative, which aims to reduce

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Speaker 3: the number of lives lost to cancer in the Indo Pacific.

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Speaker 3: At the summit, US President Joe Biden was heard on

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Speaker 3: a hot mic describing China's behavior as aggressive. He said

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Speaker 3: the country continues to test quote US all across the region,

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Speaker 3: from the South China Sea to the East China Sea,

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Speaker 3: South China, South Asia and the Taiwan Straits. A team

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Speaker 3: of scientists have found strong evidence proving COVID nineteen originated

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Speaker 3: from an infected animal, not a lablique. Researchers based in

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Speaker 3: the US and France have been conducting advanced genetic analysis

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Speaker 3: to understand more about the source of the COVID outbreak.

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Speaker 3: Scientists tested genetic material collected at a seafood market in

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Speaker 3: China with a first outbreak of the virus was detected.

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Speaker 3: Findings published in the journals cell show an animal, most

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Speaker 3: likely one sold at the market, was the source of

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Speaker 3: the first infection. The evidence debunks the theory that the

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Speaker 3: virus was leaked from a Wuhan lab. A bushfire in

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Speaker 3: Sydney's Northern Beaches reached one hundred hectores over the weekend

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Speaker 3: before fire crews were able to bring the blaze under control.

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Speaker 3: RFS inspector Ben Shepperd said the fire was caused by

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Speaker 3: back burning or controlled burning during windy conditions. Authorities have

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Speaker 3: warned that smoke will remain visible over the next few

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Speaker 3: days as CRU's continue efforts to contain the fire.

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Speaker 2: And today's good news, the largest exhibit of Aboriginal and

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Speaker 2: Torres Strait Islander art will to art North America for

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Speaker 2: the first time next year. The Stars We Do Not

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Speaker 2: See Exhibition includes more than two hundred artworks from over

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Speaker 2: one hundred and thirty First Nation's artists. It will feature

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Speaker 2: at the Washington, DC National Gallery of Art in October

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Speaker 2: twenty five. Then the artworks will be displayed in museums

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Speaker 2: across Colorado, Massachusetts, as well as in parts of Canada.

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Speaker 2: The collection of works from the National Gallery Victoria includes

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Speaker 2: modern and contemporary art and design, ranging from paintings, photographs,

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Speaker 2: video works, and weavings.

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Speaker 1: So, Chloe, today we are talking about this new plan

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Speaker 1: that was proposed to overhaul the assisted reproductive technology sector,

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Speaker 1: and that's because there's a rise in the need for

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Speaker 1: these assisted reproductive technologies. Now, I've never heard of that

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Speaker 1: word before. It's quite a mouthful. Before we get started,

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Speaker 1: what does it actually mean.

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Speaker 2: So when we talk about assisted reproductive technologies, what we

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Speaker 2: really mean is any treatment or procedure that is helping

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Speaker 2: someone with their fertility. So the most common one people

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Speaker 2: will know about is in vitro fertilization so if IVF,

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Speaker 2: but it can also mean things like frozen embryo transfer.

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Speaker 2: Right now, if we look at IVF specifically, in twenty

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Speaker 2: twenty one, there were eighteen thousand, five hundred and ninety

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Speaker 2: four babies born in Australia using IVF.

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Speaker 1: Wow, that's quite a lot.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and it's expected to grow, with the fertility society

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Speaker 2: saying it's going to exponentially increase.

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Speaker 1: Wow. Why it's for a couple.

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Speaker 2: Of different reasons. Firstly, much like the rest of the

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Speaker 2: developed world, Australian women are waiting until they are much

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Speaker 2: older before they have their first baby. They're also having

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Speaker 2: a lot less babies, but that's probably not relevant as

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Speaker 2: much to the IVF conversation. So the median age for

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Speaker 2: women giving birth in Australia reached thirty one point nine

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Speaker 2: years old in twenty twenty two, and that's up from

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Speaker 2: twenty five point four in nineteen seventy one. And as

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Speaker 2: I mentioned, parents are also having fewer babies. The birth

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Speaker 2: rate has fallen from three point five children per women

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Speaker 2: in nineteen sixty to one point sixty three in twenty

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Speaker 2: twenty two. So the average Australian woman is having their

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Speaker 2: first baby at thirty two ish and they're only going

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Speaker 2: on average to have one to two babies.

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Speaker 1: Interesting do we know why?

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Speaker 2: I mean, there's lots of different reasons why women are

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Speaker 2: choosing to either not have babies or they're pushing it back.

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Speaker 2: That can be cultural reasons, women enjoy having more choices

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Speaker 2: and independence with their career and all those things.

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Speaker 3: We know.

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Speaker 2: There's also medical reasons. Financial was a really big one

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Speaker 2: that kept on coming up. People will feel like they

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Speaker 2: can't afford to have a baby in the cost of

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Speaker 2: living crisis, So that's maybe why people are choosing to

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Speaker 2: push it back. But we know the reality is that

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Speaker 2: older mothers are at greater risk of experiencing reproductive challenges,

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Speaker 2: which means on the whole that more people are likely

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Speaker 2: to be seeking those reproductive technologies right now. The rising

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Speaker 2: demand for assisted reproductive technologies is also compounded by a

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Speaker 2: rising number of same sex couples and solo parents.

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Speaker 1: Okay, so just to take stock of where we're at.

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Speaker 1: We know that parents are having babies at a later

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Speaker 1: age and they're also having less babies. But at the

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Speaker 1: same time, there are more and more parents who are

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Speaker 1: needing to use reproductive technologies for a number of different

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Speaker 1: reasons that you late. So today we're talking about it

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Speaker 1: because there was this new report that came out last

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Speaker 1: week that proposed a new plan to assist the rise

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Speaker 1: in the need for these technologies. So what did that

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Speaker 1: report say.

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Speaker 2: Well, that was the question of how do we cope then,

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Speaker 2: so it laid out a plan saying what do we

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Speaker 2: need to address to make sure the sector has capacity.

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Speaker 2: So this new report, which was co authored by former

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Speaker 2: health Minister Greg Hunt I know him, do you from

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Speaker 2: the pandemic, not personally, just from the TPE Billy's friend

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Speaker 2: Greg Hunt and public health expert doctor Rachel Swift and

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Speaker 2: the pair recognized the demand that's going to be coming

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Speaker 2: for these technologies as we were talking about, and basically

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Speaker 2: looked at where the holes are in the system and

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Speaker 2: what we need to do to ensure the sector is

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Speaker 2: robust as it needs to be.

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Speaker 1: Okay, So what did it say.

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Speaker 2: One of the main issues discussed was the barriers to

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Speaker 2: accessing this fertility treatment and particularly the financial costs that

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Speaker 2: are involved, and a lot of people might find that unsurprising.

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Speaker 2: The review noted that an IVF treatment can cost up

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Speaker 2: to ten thousand dollars per cycle.

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Speaker 1: Wow, and a lot of the time people have to

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Speaker 1: do more than one cycle.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: So the review labeled this as an enormous economic burden

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Speaker 2: on Australian families. Now, whilst some Medicare access is available

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Speaker 2: which could bring those costs down for some families, the

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Speaker 2: review said that the clinical definitions of infertility had caused

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Speaker 2: long standing barriers to access, including discrimination. So to unpack

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Speaker 2: that a little bit more. In terms of definitions in

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Speaker 2: a clinical setting, infertility is described as the inability to

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Speaker 2: conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse. Now, if

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Speaker 2: you consider people who fall outside of that framework, so

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Speaker 2: they might be same sex couples or think about solo parents,

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Speaker 2: they are therefore restricted from accessing many care benefits. So

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Speaker 2: because the definition of infertility specifically says unprotected intercourse for

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Speaker 2: those in same sex relationships or solo parents, they are

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Speaker 2: basically excluded from that definition and therefore don't have access

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Speaker 2: to get rebates from Medicare. Yeah, is that right? It's

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Speaker 2: really looking at a man and a woman who can't conceive.

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Speaker 1: I see so.

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Speaker 2: One expert who contributed to the report said it's a

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Speaker 2: serious anomaly that while heterosexual couples receive Medicare support to

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Speaker 2: resolve their fertility problems and have their families, people in

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Speaker 2: other family circumstances receive no support at all for their

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Speaker 2: fertility problems. So the review recommend did the definition be

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Speaker 2: updated to ensure nondiscriminatory access to IVF and reproductive technologies.

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Speaker 1: But I had no idea that the definition of infertility

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Speaker 1: was officially so narrow. I guess because society feels so

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Speaker 1: much more advanced than that. It does feel surprising. But

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Speaker 1: outside of access, did the report identify any other problems

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Speaker 1: with the sector? Yeah, So it addressed.

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Speaker 2: How confusing the legislative barriers can be for families to

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Speaker 2: navigate because this is a state run issue. There's over

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Speaker 2: thirty pieces of legislation for all the states and territories,

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Speaker 2: so depending on where you are in Australia, you are

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Speaker 2: going to have varying rules about donor samples, the quality

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Speaker 2: standards for donations, and regulations surrounding IVF procedures. So basically

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Speaker 2: there's a lack of uniformity across Australia when it comes

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Speaker 2: to this sector.

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Speaker 3: YEAP.

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Speaker 2: The review calls it a primary concern that significantly impacts children, parents,

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Speaker 2: donors and costs.

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Speaker 1: And so what did the report say is the solution

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Speaker 1: to that? I imagine just having one piece of legislation federally YEP,

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Speaker 1: one law for the country.

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Speaker 2: They said, by putting everyone on the same rule book.

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Speaker 2: The report argues that that approach is going to guarantee

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Speaker 2: consistent reproductive and privacy standards around the country. So to

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Speaker 2: get in the weeds of that, the review suggested national

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Speaker 2: fertility legislation to streamline regulations between all of the states

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Speaker 2: and territories. It also suggested establishing a national register and

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Speaker 2: then a national Genetic Bank, so that is going to

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Speaker 2: centralize all the genetic information from donors and donor conceived

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Speaker 2: children drawn into the one spot. It also suggested a

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Speaker 2: national health standard for egg and sperm donations so everyone's

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Speaker 2: on the same page. So this is all a proposal

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Speaker 2: from fertility experts to say to the government, this is

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Speaker 2: what we think should happen in the next ten years

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Speaker 2: to mate demand so to make it actually happen, it

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Speaker 2: called on health ministers to support the roadmap. So they say,

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Speaker 2: by ensuring consistent legislation across the country, this will lead

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Speaker 2: to improved and more equitable outcomes for Australian families.

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Speaker 1: Okay, so this is calling on the health ministers to

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Speaker 1: make a change. What do the health ministers say?

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Speaker 2: Well, I reached out. I called the government and a

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Speaker 2: spokesperson for Health Minister Mark Butler said that the government

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Speaker 2: was going to carefully consider the report. So no commitment,

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Speaker 2: but I guess a commitment to looking into it. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: they're going to take it seriously.

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Speaker 1: And what about the opposition on the other side of politics.

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Speaker 2: We also reached out to Shadow Minister Anne Rustin, who

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Speaker 2: said that the Opposition was also examining the findings and recommendations.

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Speaker 2: Rustin also acknowledged that more work was a need to

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Speaker 2: improve policies. She said it was important to recognize the

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Speaker 2: difficulties faced by Australians dealing with infertility challenges. So I

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Speaker 2: think that when we have these conversations, Billy, it's easy

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Speaker 2: to get caught up in legislation and definitions and acronyms.

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Speaker 2: And I think because this is such a deeply personal topic.

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Speaker 2: It's important to center the families that are behind this

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Speaker 2: because we're talking about people's ability to start and grow

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Speaker 2: families and the ways in which technology can hinder or

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Speaker 2: help that process. So I reached out to Arabella Gibson,

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Speaker 2: who is the CEO of Gidget Foundation Australia, and she

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Speaker 2: said that for families dealing with fertility challenges, we know

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Speaker 2: that frequent experiences of loss can create repeated cycles of

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Speaker 2: hope and disappointment among parents, as well as feelings of

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Speaker 2: grief for the baby they never got to meet. She

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Speaker 2: added that supporting parent led conversations on a national level

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Speaker 2: is crucial to reducing the barriers parents struggling with conception

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Speaker 2: may fake.

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Speaker 1: It such an important topic, and I have to admit

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Speaker 1: it's one that I didn't know a lot about. I

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Speaker 1: learned so much from you explaining that. Thank you so much, Chloe,

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Speaker 1: thank you so much, Billy, and thank you so much

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Speaker 1: for listening to this episode of The Daily OS. At

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Speaker 1: the moment, we are running a survey to understand what

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Speaker 1: it is that you like about the podcast that we do.

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Speaker 2: And also what you think that we could improve on.

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Speaker 2: We will put a link to that in today's show notes.

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Speaker 2: But thank you so much for listening and we'll be

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Speaker 2: back again tomorrow. My name is Lily Maddon and I'm

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Speaker 2: a proud Arunda Bungelung Caalcuttin woman from Gadigol Country. The

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Speaker 2: Daily os acknowledges that this podcast is recorded on the

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Speaker 2: lands of the Gadighl people and pays respect to all

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Speaker 2: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island and nations. We pay our

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Speaker 2: respects to the first peoples of these countries, both past

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Speaker 2: and present.