1 00:00:00,520 --> 00:00:05,640 Speaker 1: Already and this is the Daily This is the Daily OS. Oh, 2 00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:16,000 Speaker 1: now it makes sense. Good morning and welcome to the 3 00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:19,000 Speaker 1: Daily OS. It's Friday, the twelfth of December. I'm Lucy 4 00:00:19,040 --> 00:00:22,599 Speaker 1: Tassel and Tam Kazlauski. This week marks twenty years since 5 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:26,920 Speaker 1: the Kronola Riots, when hundreds of angry, young white Australian 6 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:30,800 Speaker 1: men descended on Kronulla train Station and Cronulla Beach in 7 00:00:30,880 --> 00:00:35,960 Speaker 1: Sydney's South, attacking people of Middle Eastern appearance. In today's episode, 8 00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:39,680 Speaker 1: we'll explain the context surrounding these riots, including the role 9 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:43,720 Speaker 1: of radio broadcaster Alan Jones, what happened on the day itself, 10 00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:50,720 Speaker 1: and talk about how Australia has changed since them. 11 00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:53,199 Speaker 2: Lucy, one of the coolest parts of the way that 12 00:00:53,240 --> 00:00:56,000 Speaker 2: we do the news at TDA, in my humble opinion, 13 00:00:56,360 --> 00:00:59,200 Speaker 2: is taking a look at news events that happened when 14 00:00:59,240 --> 00:01:02,160 Speaker 2: our audience might have been too young to remember them 15 00:01:02,240 --> 00:01:05,720 Speaker 2: and actually acknowledging that even those events in early two 16 00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:08,720 Speaker 2: thousands are probably out of the lifespan, if not. I 17 00:01:08,720 --> 00:01:12,400 Speaker 2: mean I was in two thousand and five. I was eleven, 18 00:01:12,600 --> 00:01:15,800 Speaker 2: so young enough to start reading a newspaper, but mainly 19 00:01:15,840 --> 00:01:19,120 Speaker 2: for the Sudoku, and it's really important to explain this 20 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:21,920 Speaker 2: context for the younger listeners, So why don't we start there. 21 00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:24,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, the best way to set the scene is, in fact, 22 00:01:24,680 --> 00:01:27,720 Speaker 1: not even specifically for younger listeners, but just in general 23 00:01:27,800 --> 00:01:31,080 Speaker 1: if you're not from Sydney, is to talk specifically about 24 00:01:31,120 --> 00:01:35,000 Speaker 1: where Cronulla is, and especially where Cronulla Beach is. So 25 00:01:35,280 --> 00:01:38,600 Speaker 1: Cronulla Beach is the only beach in Sydney that is 26 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:41,839 Speaker 1: really really close to a train station, So Kronulla train 27 00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:44,360 Speaker 1: Station and Kernulla Beach very close together. It's just a 28 00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:49,240 Speaker 1: short flat walk. If you're coming from Sydney's southern suburbs, 29 00:01:49,320 --> 00:01:53,640 Speaker 1: it's absolutely your most accessible beach, and that is a 30 00:01:53,680 --> 00:01:58,000 Speaker 1: really important detail. There are other, obviously many iconic beaches 31 00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:00,560 Speaker 1: in Sydney, but like if you're coming on public transport, 32 00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:04,240 Speaker 1: you need to transfer unless you're going to Cronulla. Suburbs 33 00:02:04,320 --> 00:02:07,680 Speaker 1: on the train line that lead directly to Cronulla include 34 00:02:07,840 --> 00:02:12,400 Speaker 1: places like Cogra, Hurstville and Rockdale where in the early 35 00:02:12,440 --> 00:02:15,240 Speaker 1: two thousands, I've done a bit of digging into censustata 36 00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:18,640 Speaker 1: From two thousand and one, a big proportion of residents 37 00:02:18,680 --> 00:02:21,799 Speaker 1: in those suburbs spoke a language other than English at 38 00:02:21,800 --> 00:02:25,040 Speaker 1: home and had been born in countries other than Australia. 39 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:28,480 Speaker 1: That is in opposition to Cronulla about ten stops down 40 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:31,079 Speaker 1: the train line, where in two thousand and one and 41 00:02:31,160 --> 00:02:34,519 Speaker 1: Cronulla eighty six point five percent of people's only spoke 42 00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:38,080 Speaker 1: English right at home and eighty percent were born either 43 00:02:38,080 --> 00:02:41,400 Speaker 1: in Australia or England. And both of those stats are 44 00:02:41,440 --> 00:02:44,760 Speaker 1: actually higher than the national results in Australia at the 45 00:02:44,800 --> 00:02:47,080 Speaker 1: time two thousand and one. And so all of that 46 00:02:47,240 --> 00:02:51,240 Speaker 1: is to say, you've got these suburbs north of Cronulla, 47 00:02:51,360 --> 00:02:56,040 Speaker 1: You've got Cronulla itself which is very Anglo, very English speaking, 48 00:02:56,120 --> 00:02:59,160 Speaker 1: and has this beach that's very accessible. It kind of 49 00:02:59,200 --> 00:03:02,720 Speaker 1: means that everything was uniquely positioned to become a flashpoint 50 00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:04,400 Speaker 1: in the early two thousands, a bit. 51 00:03:04,280 --> 00:03:07,280 Speaker 2: Of a microcosm of the changing face of Australia in 52 00:03:07,320 --> 00:03:10,760 Speaker 2: the early two thousands as well. So what exactly kicked 53 00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:11,920 Speaker 2: off these riots? 54 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:16,079 Speaker 1: Yeah, So, according to a police report from two thousand 55 00:03:16,120 --> 00:03:19,080 Speaker 1: and five, on Sunday, the fourth of December two thousand 56 00:03:19,120 --> 00:03:22,000 Speaker 1: and five, at North Cronulla Beach, there was a verbal 57 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:26,080 Speaker 1: confrontation between a group of Cronulla Life Savers and a 58 00:03:26,120 --> 00:03:28,880 Speaker 1: group of young men who were described as being of 59 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:33,840 Speaker 1: Middle Eastern descent. This confrontation escalated into a physical fight. 60 00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:36,040 Speaker 1: And something I should note here also is that at 61 00:03:36,040 --> 00:03:39,560 Speaker 1: the time these weren't professional life they weren't being paid. 62 00:03:39,680 --> 00:03:41,480 Speaker 2: These lifesavers volunteer life savers. 63 00:03:41,240 --> 00:03:42,840 Speaker 1: Volunteer Life Savers at North Cronulla. 64 00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:45,280 Speaker 2: And so this is one week before the riots eventually 65 00:03:45,320 --> 00:03:46,760 Speaker 2: took Okay, cool, Yeah, So it's. 66 00:03:46,640 --> 00:03:50,400 Speaker 1: A summer Sunday, the fourth of December. One man was 67 00:03:50,480 --> 00:03:53,160 Speaker 1: found guilty of assault and a fray over the fight 68 00:03:53,280 --> 00:03:57,960 Speaker 1: the following year, So then that's Sunday, Monday, the fifth 69 00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:01,640 Speaker 1: of December two thousand and five. Alan Jones, who at 70 00:04:01,680 --> 00:04:05,360 Speaker 1: the time was the most popular breakfast radio presenter in Sydney, 71 00:04:05,840 --> 00:04:09,280 Speaker 1: took calls on his breakfast radio show about the fight. 72 00:04:09,440 --> 00:04:12,120 Speaker 1: So he aired from about five am to about ten 73 00:04:12,200 --> 00:04:14,760 Speaker 1: am every weekday morning in Sydney, and he was the 74 00:04:14,800 --> 00:04:17,640 Speaker 1: most listened to man on Sydney radio at the time. 75 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:22,200 Speaker 1: According to a later review from Australia's media watchdog AKMA. 76 00:04:22,279 --> 00:04:25,400 Speaker 1: That Monday, Jones agreed with a caller who described the 77 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:29,520 Speaker 1: fight as a quote horrendous bashing, and then Jones added 78 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:33,599 Speaker 1: he gave his opinion that it had been perpetrated by again, 79 00:04:33,760 --> 00:04:37,480 Speaker 1: just to be clear his words, quote Middle Eastern grubs. 80 00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:41,520 Speaker 2: Okay, so a fight happens on Cronulla Beach on the Sunday, 81 00:04:41,640 --> 00:04:45,200 Speaker 2: it makes it to Sydney Radio on the Monday. How 82 00:04:45,200 --> 00:04:49,160 Speaker 2: do we get from that Monday Am call line to 83 00:04:49,480 --> 00:04:50,560 Speaker 2: the riots on the Sunday. 84 00:04:50,920 --> 00:04:55,960 Speaker 1: Yeah. So every single weekday, Alan Jones's radio show airs 85 00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:58,760 Speaker 1: in the morning every single day that week he talks 86 00:04:58,880 --> 00:05:02,600 Speaker 1: about Cronulla and it's sort of sparked by this fight. 87 00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:05,640 Speaker 1: On Tuesday, he spoke to a caller who said, this 88 00:05:05,680 --> 00:05:08,000 Speaker 1: caller said they were from the Northern Beaches, and this 89 00:05:08,080 --> 00:05:10,560 Speaker 1: caller said that area doesn't have the same problem as 90 00:05:10,600 --> 00:05:13,320 Speaker 1: Cronulla quote because we don't have a rail line. 91 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:15,599 Speaker 2: Okay. Interesting, and that goes back to that sort of 92 00:05:15,600 --> 00:05:17,320 Speaker 2: geographic context that you gave before. 93 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:21,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly. On Wednesday, Jones read a letter from a 94 00:05:21,560 --> 00:05:24,680 Speaker 1: listener aloud and the letter said, quote, invite all the 95 00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:28,160 Speaker 1: biker gangs to be present at Cronulla railway station when 96 00:05:28,200 --> 00:05:32,640 Speaker 1: these Lebanese thugs arrive. Australians old and new should not 97 00:05:32,720 --> 00:05:37,600 Speaker 1: have to put up with this scum, so very intense words. 98 00:05:37,640 --> 00:05:41,120 Speaker 1: They're quite racist, I would say. And again, this is 99 00:05:41,160 --> 00:05:45,119 Speaker 1: just being broadcast on breakfast radio as people are dropping 100 00:05:45,120 --> 00:05:47,640 Speaker 1: the kids off at school on Sydney's most listened to 101 00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:48,440 Speaker 1: radio station. 102 00:05:48,800 --> 00:05:52,000 Speaker 2: And that was probably then, based on your account, the 103 00:05:52,120 --> 00:05:57,200 Speaker 2: first step in foreshadowing a future event, not necessarily just 104 00:05:57,560 --> 00:05:59,920 Speaker 2: a criticism and a review of the past event. 105 00:06:00,360 --> 00:06:03,520 Speaker 1: So Akima found broadcasting this letter quote was likely to 106 00:06:03,640 --> 00:06:07,560 Speaker 1: encourage violence or brutality, and quote was likely to vilify 107 00:06:07,640 --> 00:06:11,080 Speaker 1: people of Lebanese background and people of Middle Eastern background 108 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:14,479 Speaker 1: on the basis of ethnicity. So Alan Jones was not 109 00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:17,760 Speaker 1: necessarily expressing his own like those weren't his words, but 110 00:06:17,800 --> 00:06:19,600 Speaker 1: it was his choice to read that letter from a 111 00:06:19,640 --> 00:06:22,800 Speaker 1: listener allowed on the radio and then on Thursday. So 112 00:06:22,839 --> 00:06:25,720 Speaker 1: now we're entering the fourth day of Alan Jones talking 113 00:06:25,800 --> 00:06:28,800 Speaker 1: about this every single day on his radio show. He 114 00:06:29,480 --> 00:06:32,320 Speaker 1: mentioned some text messages that had been sent out. 115 00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:34,880 Speaker 2: Okay, so these are the mass texts and it's important 116 00:06:34,920 --> 00:06:37,159 Speaker 2: to kind of set the scene two thousand and five, 117 00:06:37,320 --> 00:06:40,960 Speaker 2: pre social media Facebook launched properly two thousand and seven, 118 00:06:41,880 --> 00:06:45,560 Speaker 2: you know, this was the way that there was mass communication, right. 119 00:06:45,560 --> 00:06:48,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly It's kind of hard to imagine, but it 120 00:06:48,560 --> 00:06:51,560 Speaker 1: really was the easiest way to contact as many people 121 00:06:51,560 --> 00:06:54,039 Speaker 1: as possible was to text everyone in your phone and 122 00:06:54,080 --> 00:06:57,200 Speaker 1: say basically passed it on. Estimates suggest as many as 123 00:06:57,279 --> 00:07:01,240 Speaker 1: two hundred and seventy thousand people got one of a 124 00:07:01,360 --> 00:07:05,000 Speaker 1: series of texts. One of the texts that we know 125 00:07:05,120 --> 00:07:08,839 Speaker 1: about is one that called on quote every Aussie in 126 00:07:08,880 --> 00:07:13,119 Speaker 1: the area surrounding Cronulla to quote bash Lebanese and Middle 127 00:07:13,120 --> 00:07:16,400 Speaker 1: Eastern migrants, adding quote, let's show them that this is 128 00:07:16,440 --> 00:07:20,800 Speaker 1: our beach and they're never welcome talking about Cronulla. If 129 00:07:20,840 --> 00:07:23,080 Speaker 1: you weren't one of the two hundred and seventy thousand 130 00:07:23,120 --> 00:07:26,520 Speaker 1: people who got the text, you heard about it anyway, 131 00:07:26,600 --> 00:07:30,320 Speaker 1: because Alan Jones read it on air. Okay Akma notes 132 00:07:30,400 --> 00:07:33,559 Speaker 1: that immediately after reading this text, he said, quote, well, 133 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:36,320 Speaker 1: now that's not the way. I do understand what you're saying, 134 00:07:36,360 --> 00:07:38,160 Speaker 1: but we've just got to back off a bit here. 135 00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:41,480 Speaker 1: But on his program that same day, in response to 136 00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:44,480 Speaker 1: a caller who called in saying, actually I have seen 137 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:47,720 Speaker 1: people be racist towards Lebanese and Middle Eastern people on 138 00:07:47,880 --> 00:07:48,600 Speaker 1: Cronulla beach. 139 00:07:48,760 --> 00:07:51,880 Speaker 2: Okay, so kind of a contrarian viewed. Okay, that's interesting. 140 00:07:51,960 --> 00:07:53,680 Speaker 1: So a caller called in to say, actually, I have 141 00:07:53,720 --> 00:07:57,360 Speaker 1: seen racism in action in Kronulla. Alan Jones said, quote, 142 00:07:57,480 --> 00:08:00,320 Speaker 1: we don't have Anglo Saxon kids out there raping women 143 00:08:00,400 --> 00:08:04,080 Speaker 1: in western Sydney. AKMA found this and other comments made 144 00:08:04,120 --> 00:08:08,080 Speaker 1: by Jones that day were likely to vilify people of 145 00:08:08,160 --> 00:08:11,640 Speaker 1: Middle Eastern background on the basis of ethnicity. So comments 146 00:08:11,640 --> 00:08:15,240 Speaker 1: made by him, calls that were aired, AKHMA can make 147 00:08:15,280 --> 00:08:18,480 Speaker 1: these findings not necessarily about him specifically, but about the 148 00:08:18,560 --> 00:08:20,760 Speaker 1: radio station. So saying like, got it, it's at the 149 00:08:20,840 --> 00:08:24,040 Speaker 1: radio station's discretion to broadcast these things. So if you 150 00:08:24,120 --> 00:08:26,240 Speaker 1: broadcast a call two GB can get. 151 00:08:26,120 --> 00:08:28,480 Speaker 2: In trouble and just quickly worth noting. I mean, AKMA 152 00:08:28,560 --> 00:08:31,720 Speaker 2: is not the police, right, So there are media regulation watchdog. 153 00:08:31,760 --> 00:08:34,720 Speaker 2: They can hand out fines, they can kind of ban 154 00:08:34,880 --> 00:08:38,600 Speaker 2: people from appearing in certain contexts, but their powers are 155 00:08:38,640 --> 00:08:40,000 Speaker 2: not the same as law enforcement. 156 00:08:40,120 --> 00:08:42,440 Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly, this isn't a criminal finding. This is just 157 00:08:42,520 --> 00:08:46,800 Speaker 1: AKMA saying this maybe shouldn't have been broadcast because it 158 00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:48,360 Speaker 1: could have had these effects. 159 00:08:48,480 --> 00:08:48,760 Speaker 2: Got it. 160 00:08:49,120 --> 00:08:51,640 Speaker 1: And then just to round out the week, on Friday, 161 00:08:51,880 --> 00:08:55,520 Speaker 1: a person called into Jones's show to suggest Muslim people 162 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:59,000 Speaker 1: quote wanted to take over Australia. Then we have Saturday, 163 00:08:59,080 --> 00:09:02,440 Speaker 1: Alan Jones. Not on the the eleventh, the Sunday one 164 00:09:02,480 --> 00:09:05,839 Speaker 1: week since the altercation on Kronulla Beach is the day 165 00:09:05,880 --> 00:09:07,080 Speaker 1: of the riots. 166 00:09:06,840 --> 00:09:10,960 Speaker 2: And take me through that day. So we've just arrived 167 00:09:11,280 --> 00:09:15,520 Speaker 2: a week after a fight on the beach that has 168 00:09:15,600 --> 00:09:19,760 Speaker 2: been escalated via radio and text messages. We arrive on 169 00:09:19,760 --> 00:09:21,400 Speaker 2: that day. What does that day look like? 170 00:09:22,360 --> 00:09:24,800 Speaker 1: I think look like is the right way to talk 171 00:09:24,840 --> 00:09:26,800 Speaker 1: about it, because when I think of the Kronola rights, 172 00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:29,839 Speaker 1: I think of the images. I think of the press 173 00:09:29,840 --> 00:09:33,320 Speaker 1: photographers who were there from places like the Australian Associated Press. 174 00:09:33,760 --> 00:09:37,640 Speaker 1: I think of photos of young, shirtless white men at 175 00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:42,679 Speaker 1: the beach with Southern Cross tattoos, maybe temporary tattoos, or 176 00:09:42,760 --> 00:09:46,160 Speaker 1: with anti immigration slogans on signs or even in some 177 00:09:46,200 --> 00:09:49,000 Speaker 1: cases painted on their bodies. I also think of the 178 00:09:49,040 --> 00:09:53,680 Speaker 1: images of crowds of white men running through the streets 179 00:09:53,679 --> 00:09:58,640 Speaker 1: of Cronulla, clashing with police, physically attacking men of any 180 00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:02,880 Speaker 1: other ethnicity. Reports of a man who was chased by 181 00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:05,800 Speaker 1: hundreds of men into the North Cronulla Hotel where he 182 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:09,760 Speaker 1: had to kind of find refuge inside this RSL attacking 183 00:10:09,920 --> 00:10:12,120 Speaker 1: two young men in a car who turned down the 184 00:10:12,160 --> 00:10:15,959 Speaker 1: wrong street. These two men were sort of beset by 185 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:19,040 Speaker 1: these crowds. There were glass bottles were thrown at the car, 186 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:21,440 Speaker 1: a window was broken, a man jumped on the hood 187 00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:23,920 Speaker 1: of the car. One big moment of the day, and 188 00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:25,760 Speaker 1: the thing that really comes to my mind when I 189 00:10:25,760 --> 00:10:27,560 Speaker 1: think of the Cronulla riots is what happened at the 190 00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:33,240 Speaker 1: train station. So according to contemporary accounts, crowds initially gathered 191 00:10:33,520 --> 00:10:36,800 Speaker 1: sort of peacefully to do a sort of show of 192 00:10:36,840 --> 00:10:39,200 Speaker 1: support for the lifeguard. That's what people who were there 193 00:10:39,520 --> 00:10:43,040 Speaker 1: tend to say. But then there were sort of calls 194 00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:46,000 Speaker 1: made in the crowd that like a train sort of 195 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:49,560 Speaker 1: quote full of Lebanese people was arriving in the middle 196 00:10:49,600 --> 00:10:51,720 Speaker 1: of the day. There were not that many people on 197 00:10:51,760 --> 00:10:54,440 Speaker 1: the train, but anyone on the train who was a 198 00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:57,480 Speaker 1: man of color, a non white man, was met with 199 00:10:57,920 --> 00:11:01,480 Speaker 1: hundreds of angry white Australian men, many of whom were 200 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:04,680 Speaker 1: by that point drunk, who entered the train and began 201 00:11:04,800 --> 00:11:08,160 Speaker 1: physically assaulting them. And there's all these images of police 202 00:11:08,880 --> 00:11:12,080 Speaker 1: boarding the train carriage and like beating people away with 203 00:11:12,240 --> 00:11:14,440 Speaker 1: night sticks to get out of the train station. 204 00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:17,360 Speaker 2: Quite a few of those police officers have actually received 205 00:11:17,679 --> 00:11:21,120 Speaker 2: Bravery awards and recognition because of the actions that they 206 00:11:21,120 --> 00:11:23,240 Speaker 2: took on the train specifically. 207 00:11:23,360 --> 00:11:25,800 Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean it's really quite extraordinary to look at 208 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:28,680 Speaker 1: the Sydney Morning Herald also that day or the following 209 00:11:28,800 --> 00:11:31,960 Speaker 1: day reported a man ripped a hijab off a young 210 00:11:32,040 --> 00:11:35,640 Speaker 1: Muslim woman's head as she was trying to escape crowds 211 00:11:35,679 --> 00:11:38,960 Speaker 1: at the beach. And there are also many, many contemporary 212 00:11:39,040 --> 00:11:42,280 Speaker 1: videos of racist slogans being chanted by crowds. 213 00:11:42,360 --> 00:11:44,000 Speaker 2: I do want to touch on you just mentioned the 214 00:11:44,040 --> 00:11:47,080 Speaker 2: Sydney Morning Herald. You mentioned Australian Associated Press before. 215 00:11:47,240 --> 00:11:47,640 Speaker 1: Yeah. 216 00:11:47,679 --> 00:11:51,079 Speaker 2: I think it was an example of the importance of 217 00:11:51,800 --> 00:11:55,600 Speaker 2: good journalism as well, because we relied so heavily, especially 218 00:11:55,640 --> 00:11:58,240 Speaker 2: in the kind of pre social media era, on the 219 00:11:58,559 --> 00:12:02,240 Speaker 2: quality news reporting that probably the next day or later 220 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:05,840 Speaker 2: that day online and some of these images are still 221 00:12:05,960 --> 00:12:11,440 Speaker 2: used in education and school curriculum around what multicultural Australia 222 00:12:11,480 --> 00:12:13,920 Speaker 2: looks like. And it's a real example for me of 223 00:12:14,160 --> 00:12:15,440 Speaker 2: journalism at its best. 224 00:12:15,880 --> 00:12:19,160 Speaker 1: Yeah, because we didn't have camera phones really exactly, those 225 00:12:19,160 --> 00:12:22,840 Speaker 1: photographers and camera people and journalists being their other reason 226 00:12:22,920 --> 00:12:25,320 Speaker 1: we know exactly what happened and in what order. 227 00:12:25,760 --> 00:12:29,360 Speaker 2: So now it's twenty years since, give me a sense 228 00:12:29,400 --> 00:12:31,360 Speaker 2: of what has changed since then. 229 00:12:31,840 --> 00:12:34,440 Speaker 1: Well, Alan Jones is off the air and has been 230 00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:37,480 Speaker 1: for many years, and it's currently facing court on separate 231 00:12:37,800 --> 00:12:41,680 Speaker 1: criminal allegations. Another point of change is actually in those 232 00:12:41,760 --> 00:12:46,120 Speaker 1: areas that I've mentioned, so Cronulla obviously, but also Rockdale, 233 00:12:46,280 --> 00:12:49,080 Speaker 1: Cogra and Hurstville. I had a look at some census 234 00:12:49,120 --> 00:12:52,320 Speaker 1: starter comparing two thousand and one to twenty twenty one. 235 00:12:52,640 --> 00:12:55,760 Speaker 1: What was really interesting to me was in Cronulla today 236 00:12:55,920 --> 00:12:59,120 Speaker 1: there's actually a higher percentage of people who were born 237 00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:03,560 Speaker 1: in Alia or England, while Australia wide those rates have 238 00:13:03,559 --> 00:13:04,240 Speaker 1: actually dropped. 239 00:13:04,280 --> 00:13:04,920 Speaker 2: So interesting. 240 00:13:05,280 --> 00:13:08,560 Speaker 1: And meanwhile in Cogra and Hurstville and Rockdale there's a 241 00:13:08,600 --> 00:13:12,920 Speaker 1: significantly higher percentage of people who were born overseas who 242 00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:15,920 Speaker 1: now live there or who are speaking a language other 243 00:13:15,960 --> 00:13:18,560 Speaker 1: than English at home than they were twenty years ago. 244 00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:22,400 Speaker 1: So these areas have become even more what they were, even. 245 00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:25,840 Speaker 2: More entrenched in those sorts of stereotypes that existed in 246 00:13:25,880 --> 00:13:27,959 Speaker 2: two thousand and five. Yeah, and what can you tell 247 00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:30,360 Speaker 2: me then about how that fits into Australia more broadly? 248 00:13:30,840 --> 00:13:33,000 Speaker 1: Something that I found was interesting is so there was 249 00:13:33,040 --> 00:13:36,760 Speaker 1: a twenty twenty four report from the independent Scanlon Foundation 250 00:13:36,920 --> 00:13:40,920 Speaker 1: Research Institute, So they look at social cohesion, basically how 251 00:13:40,960 --> 00:13:45,440 Speaker 1: harmonious is Australia's society. For that twenty twenty four report, 252 00:13:45,520 --> 00:13:49,880 Speaker 1: researchers surveyed about six thousand Australians. They found that half 253 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,920 Speaker 1: of those people believe Australia is accepting too many migrants, 254 00:13:54,400 --> 00:13:58,040 Speaker 1: that statistic has increased from pre COVID levels, and they 255 00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:01,200 Speaker 1: found that one in three Australia that they surveyed have 256 00:14:01,559 --> 00:14:06,160 Speaker 1: quote a somewhat or very negative attitude towards Muslims one 257 00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:09,920 Speaker 1: in three. Despite that, though, the institute found that seventy 258 00:14:09,960 --> 00:14:13,080 Speaker 1: one percent of these Australians said they believed quote accepting 259 00:14:13,120 --> 00:14:17,240 Speaker 1: immigrants from many different cultures makes Australia stronger, and eighty 260 00:14:17,280 --> 00:14:21,720 Speaker 1: five percent said multiculturalism had been good for Australia. So 261 00:14:21,840 --> 00:14:24,320 Speaker 1: sort of saying like, overall we think, yes, this was good, 262 00:14:24,320 --> 00:14:27,160 Speaker 1: but maybe right now we don't. But then there's also 263 00:14:27,240 --> 00:14:29,320 Speaker 1: I would say looking outside of data. I know I've 264 00:14:29,320 --> 00:14:32,000 Speaker 1: talked a lot about data, but the thing that reminded 265 00:14:32,040 --> 00:14:34,280 Speaker 1: me most of the Kronolar riots even though they weren't 266 00:14:34,360 --> 00:14:39,360 Speaker 1: really violent per se, were the much for Australia demonstrations. 267 00:14:38,680 --> 00:14:40,560 Speaker 2: Earlier this year, only a couple of months ago. 268 00:14:41,360 --> 00:14:44,440 Speaker 1: So while they didn't, as far as I'm aware, descend 269 00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:48,640 Speaker 1: into chasing down Australians of color in the street, I 270 00:14:48,680 --> 00:14:50,320 Speaker 1: think we can point to that as kind of the 271 00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:54,080 Speaker 1: closest event to the Chronolal riots, not being violent in 272 00:14:54,120 --> 00:14:57,000 Speaker 1: the same way, but just in terms of a demonstration 273 00:14:57,160 --> 00:15:01,600 Speaker 1: of mostly white Australians gathering to say we don't want 274 00:15:01,880 --> 00:15:04,520 Speaker 1: migration to this country, or we want a lot less 275 00:15:04,520 --> 00:15:05,800 Speaker 1: of it than we currently have. 276 00:15:06,080 --> 00:15:08,680 Speaker 2: And we've been hearing from Australia's security authorities for quite 277 00:15:08,680 --> 00:15:10,400 Speaker 2: a few years now that some of that kind of 278 00:15:10,640 --> 00:15:15,280 Speaker 2: far right extremism, the nationalism, that real kind of the 279 00:15:15,400 --> 00:15:17,920 Speaker 2: exhibition of behavior that we saw in Cronulla in two 280 00:15:17,960 --> 00:15:20,680 Speaker 2: thousand and five is the biggest security threat to Australia 281 00:15:20,880 --> 00:15:24,600 Speaker 2: going forward. That's the view from Mike Burgess, the AZO chief. 282 00:15:24,800 --> 00:15:28,240 Speaker 2: So it's interesting that twenty years almost to the day 283 00:15:28,320 --> 00:15:31,760 Speaker 2: of the Cronulla Riots, and whilst quite a lot of 284 00:15:31,760 --> 00:15:36,000 Speaker 2: Australia has changed, and especially the demographics of Australia have 285 00:15:36,280 --> 00:15:39,600 Speaker 2: shifted a lot, as well, some of those core views 286 00:15:39,680 --> 00:15:40,600 Speaker 2: seem to have remained. 287 00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:43,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, and there were contemporary reports I was reading in 288 00:15:43,800 --> 00:15:45,880 Speaker 1: the Herald from two thousand and five that there were 289 00:15:46,280 --> 00:15:49,480 Speaker 1: people of known white supremacist neo Nazi groups on the 290 00:15:49,480 --> 00:15:51,600 Speaker 1: ground in Cronulla that day in two thousand and five, 291 00:15:51,680 --> 00:15:54,120 Speaker 1: and as we know, they have only sort of come 292 00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:56,120 Speaker 1: out more into the open since then. 293 00:15:56,400 --> 00:15:59,320 Speaker 2: A really important part of Australia's modern history. Lucy, thank 294 00:15:59,320 --> 00:16:01,240 Speaker 2: you so much for take us through that. Thanks Sam, 295 00:16:01,360 --> 00:16:03,280 Speaker 2: and thank you for joining us on the Daily OS 296 00:16:03,320 --> 00:16:05,840 Speaker 2: for that episode. A big week of news, and we've 297 00:16:05,840 --> 00:16:08,160 Speaker 2: got one more pod for you later this afternoon with 298 00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:11,480 Speaker 2: the evening's headlines. Until then, have a great day. 299 00:16:15,640 --> 00:16:18,000 Speaker 1: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda 300 00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:23,000 Speaker 1: Bunjelung Kalkutin woman from Gadighl Country. The Daily oz acknowledges 301 00:16:23,080 --> 00:16:25,240 Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the 302 00:16:25,280 --> 00:16:28,800 Speaker 1: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres 303 00:16:28,840 --> 00:16:31,760 Speaker 1: Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the 304 00:16:31,760 --> 00:16:34,560 Speaker 1: first peoples of these countries, both past and present.