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Speaker 1: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda

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Speaker 1: Bunjelung Kalgodin woman from Gadighl country. The Daily oz acknowledges

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Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the

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Speaker 1: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres

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Speaker 1: Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the

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Speaker 1: first peoples of these countries, both past and present.

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Speaker 2: Good morning, and welcome to the Daily os. It's Monday,

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Speaker 2: the fifteenth of August. I'm Sam, I'm Zara. One year ago,

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Speaker 2: this is what our podcast sounded like.

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Speaker 3: Yesterday, Kabul, which is the capital of Afghanistan, fell to

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Speaker 3: Taliban forces. Taliban fighters have seized the presidential palace and

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Speaker 3: many fear that the Taliban will return to a strict

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Speaker 3: implementation of sharia law.

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Speaker 2: It was a really momentous day for Afghanistan and for

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Speaker 2: the world. It's hard to believe it's now twelve months

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Speaker 2: later and a good chance to remember what happened, why

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Speaker 2: it happened, and what has happened since. But first, Sarah

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Speaker 2: the headlines.

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Speaker 3: We've got an acting Prime Minister at the moment. It

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Speaker 3: is Richard Miles and he's called over the weekend for

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Speaker 3: what he's labeled a return to normal peaceful behavior in

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Speaker 3: the relationship between Taiwan and China. He affirmed Australia's foreign

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Speaker 3: policy position of the One China policy and said that

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Speaker 3: Australia is working with both the US and Japan to

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Speaker 3: pursue a de escalation of tensions in the region.

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Speaker 2: This is a bit of a developing story. The man

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Speaker 2: suspected of stabbing author and poet Salman Rushdi at an

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Speaker 2: event in the US over the weekend has been charged

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Speaker 2: with attempted murder, with prosecutors telling the court the attack

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Speaker 2: was pre planned. Rushdi is currently in a critical condition

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Speaker 2: with serious injuries to his liver, eye and arm.

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Speaker 3: The WHO has formed a new working group and its

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Speaker 3: aim is to create a new name for the monkey

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Speaker 3: pox virus in order to remove stigmatization or racist connotations

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Speaker 3: sciated with the virus. The body also called for public

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Speaker 3: submissions for a name and agreed to use Roman numerals

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Speaker 3: to specify the difference between the two variants and any

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Speaker 3: future variants of the virus.

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Speaker 2: And your Monday good News. There's a lot of sore

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Speaker 2: hamstrings around New South Wales this morning, as Over sixty

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Speaker 2: thousand people took part in the fiftieth running of the city.

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Speaker 2: The surf also raising millions of dollars for charity. It's

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Speaker 2: the first time the race has taken place since twenty nineteen,

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Speaker 2: with cancelations because of the pandemic. Make sure your coworker

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Speaker 2: has a nice pack handy.

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Speaker 3: One year ago, as city after city in Afghanistan fell

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Speaker 3: to the Taliban, the world watched as forces closed in

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Speaker 3: around the capitol Kabul. Then on the fifteenth of August

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Speaker 3: twenty twenty one, it was official Kabul had fallen.

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Speaker 4: Events have been unfolding rapidly over the last few hours.

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Speaker 2: Reports all day the Taliban were nearby, possibly moving into

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Speaker 2: the outskirt.

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Speaker 1: Taliban forces entered the heart of the Afghan capital Kabul today,

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Speaker 1: the culmination of a rapid advance and retaking of control.

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Speaker 3: Nick.

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Speaker 1: We just learned that the presidential palace was officially handed

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Speaker 1: over to the Taliban.

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Speaker 3: Just remarkable images coming in all day long of this

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Speaker 3: transfer of power.

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Speaker 4: Helicopters circled overhead throughout the day, evacuating personnel from the

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Speaker 4: large US embassy compound, with other Western countries including Australia,

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Speaker 4: scrambling to pull their nationals out.

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Speaker 3: Sam. This was an event that changed the world as

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Speaker 3: we know it. Can you give us a high level

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Speaker 3: understanding of what it is we're talking about here with

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Speaker 3: the fall of Kabul.

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Speaker 2: Well, the invasion of the capital signified the collapse of

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Speaker 2: Afghanistan's Western backed government, which was led by President Ashraf Ghani,

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Speaker 2: who fled the country that day. Amongst a number of

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Speaker 2: iconic photos that emerged from that day was one that

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Speaker 2: I remember that truly symbolized that change in power. It

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Speaker 2: was Taliban fighters in the presidential palace. Then we saw

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Speaker 2: images from airports where Afghans rushed to flee the country.

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Speaker 2: Many Afghans feared the Taliban would return to a strict

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Speaker 2: implementation of sharia law, with one Afghan woman writing in

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Speaker 2: The Guardian at the time, now it looks like I

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Speaker 2: have to burn everything I achieved in twenty four years

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Speaker 2: of my life.

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Speaker 3: Okay, let's go over the key elements of this story.

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Speaker 3: Can you give me a brief history of the Taliban's

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Speaker 3: presence in Afghanistan and also some of this post nine

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Speaker 3: to eleven context.

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Speaker 2: It's going to be super hard to do in a

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Speaker 2: quick morning podcast, but I think it's probably helpful if

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Speaker 2: we start with who the Taliban is. Taliban directly translates

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Speaker 2: into English to mean students, and they emerged as a

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Speaker 2: militant fundamentalist Islamist movement in the early nineties and their

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Speaker 2: roots are in northern Pakistan, which borders with Afghanistan. Following

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Speaker 2: nine to eleven, the US accused the Taliban of providing

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Speaker 2: refuge to Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda, who were

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Speaker 2: identified as being the brains behind the So we get

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Speaker 2: to two thousand and one. By the end of the year,

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Speaker 2: the US had removed the Taliban from power in Afghanistan

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Speaker 2: pretty swiftly, so over the next two decades, the US

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Speaker 2: went in with what they described as a mission to

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Speaker 2: stabilize the region, and as this war went on, in fact,

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Speaker 2: it became known in the US as the Forever War.

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Speaker 2: They wanted to train up Afghan security forces so that

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Speaker 2: they could withdraw their troops and hand it over to

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Speaker 2: a domestic safe government. But the US also had a

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Speaker 2: campaign in Iraq, and that meant that military resources were

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Speaker 2: thin and slowly but surely, Taliban forces were rebuilding in

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Speaker 2: different parts of the country. By the time the war

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Speaker 2: concluded twenty years later, three hundred and twelve US troops

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Speaker 2: and forty one Australian troops died in Afghanistan. If we

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Speaker 2: then go to February twenty twenty, so right before the

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Speaker 2: beginning of the pandemic, to try and put that in

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Speaker 2: a timeline of news for you, the Taliban and the

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Speaker 2: US government signed a deal. And this was really big

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Speaker 2: news because the two hadn't really come to the table

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Speaker 2: together before. And the deal was that the US would

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Speaker 2: withdraw their twelve thousand troops in exchange for the Taliban

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Speaker 2: to commit to not assist or protect terrorists, and that's

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Speaker 2: exactly what the US had accused the Taliban of after

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Speaker 2: nine to eleven with al Qaeda. Both the US and

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Speaker 2: the Taliban also agreed to support a democratic government in

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Speaker 2: Afghanistan and that was then led by President Ashraf Ghani.

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Speaker 3: Okay, so we know that the withdrawal happened in the

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Speaker 3: middle of last year. What happened once US forces had left, It.

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Speaker 2: Was pretty quick before the Taliban began their offensive campaign.

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Speaker 2: It was literally a couple of days after US forces

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Speaker 2: began to withdraw we started to get a real sense

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Speaker 2: that the Taliban meant business when they took over the

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Speaker 2: cities of Kandahar and Kundus, which are two of the

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Speaker 2: biggest cities in the country. Then we started to get

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Speaker 2: signs that the Taliban forces were closing in on the capitol.

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Speaker 2: I remember reading reports at the time that the Afghan

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Speaker 2: government was evacuating cities that would being approached by the

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Speaker 2: Taliban after striking ceasefire deals, so essentially they were kind

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Speaker 2: of paving the way for the Taliban to come into

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Speaker 2: these cities. We saw many senior members of the democratic government,

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Speaker 2: including the country's finance minister, flee the country. President Biden

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Speaker 2: was then faced with a big challenge. He could either

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Speaker 2: reintroduce troops to protect the capital, Kabul, or he could

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Speaker 2: leave it to these newly trained domestic Afghan security forces,

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Speaker 2: which had been trained up by the US military over

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Speaker 2: the last two decades, to demonstrate what he described as

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Speaker 2: their leadership and will to defend their capital. In the end,

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Speaker 2: President Biden decided not to recommit the US in full

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Speaker 2: to Afghanistan, but he did send about three thousand US

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Speaker 2: troops to the capitol. Instead, the pressure was put on

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Speaker 2: Afghanistan's own security forces, which had been trained and armed

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Speaker 2: by the US military over the last two decades to

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Speaker 2: demonstrate what President Biden called leadership and will to defend Kabul.

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Speaker 3: Okay. So that's the political context of what occurred, But

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Speaker 3: it's very difficult to look past those horrific images of

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Speaker 3: thousands and thousands of terrified Afghans who were rushing to

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Speaker 3: the Kabul airport.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and that's the footage that kind of stays in

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Speaker 2: my mind. It's those videos on the tarmac, it's those

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Speaker 2: photos inside the hangars of airports, of desperation and of tragedy.

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Speaker 2: I think an interesting point to note about what happened

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Speaker 2: a year ago today is just how documented everything was.

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Speaker 2: This was, as some were describing it, an invasion that

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Speaker 2: was TikTok. It was massively all over our social media feeds,

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Speaker 2: and for a lot of us, it really provided firsthand

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Speaker 2: documentation into what was happening on the ground in the city.

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Speaker 3: Okay, So what are the key moments of what has

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Speaker 3: happened since that fateful day a year ago?

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Speaker 2: So a couple of weeks later, on August twenty six,

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Speaker 2: there was a suicide bombing that ripped through crowds at

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Speaker 2: Kibble's Airport, where people were still trying to get away

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Speaker 2: from the country. And that killed more than one hundred people. Now,

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Speaker 2: I saw claim the responsibility for that attack. I saw

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Speaker 2: the ISIS group chapter in Afghanistan and Pakistan and their

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Speaker 2: rivals of the Taliban. But it was only four days

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Speaker 2: later when the Taliban officially celebrated the final US and

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Speaker 2: allied personnel departing the country. Now, it's interesting to note

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Speaker 2: that in the years leading up to the Taliban's takeover

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Speaker 2: of Afghanistan, they went on a bit of a pr mission,

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Speaker 2: and part of that pr mission was this deal that

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Speaker 2: they struck with the US, but they also met with

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Speaker 2: a number of foreign leaders and they promised to be

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Speaker 2: a more moderate and more modern government. But as soon

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Speaker 2: as US troops fully withdrew, the Taliban started to show

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Speaker 2: signs that they remained driven by their hardline religious philosophy.

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Speaker 3: Certainly, one of the things that keeps coming up when

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Speaker 3: we're looking at news stories from the region is the

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Speaker 3: rights of women that have been completely and utterly undermined

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Speaker 3: in Afghanistan since the Taliban took power.

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Speaker 2: What do we know about that. Well, one of the

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Speaker 2: big structural changes was the Taliban brought back their Ministry

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Speaker 2: for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice,

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Speaker 2: which is charged with placing heavy restrictions on parts of

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Speaker 2: Afghan society, particularly on women. This is actually a ministry

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Speaker 2: that was explicitly replacing the Ministry of Women's Affairs. In

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Speaker 2: March this year, the Taliban blocked all secondary school girls

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Speaker 2: from attending school, and in May they ordered women and

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Speaker 2: girls to wear a hijab and cover their faces in public.

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Speaker 2: When that last announcement was made, there was also an

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Speaker 2: announcement from the religious police that said that Afghan women

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Speaker 2: in their preference, shouldn't leave the home. Amnesty International release

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Speaker 2: a report a couple of months later that describes the

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Speaker 2: situation of Afghan women as a death in slow motion.

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Speaker 2: And then the latest development from the region happened only

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Speaker 2: two weeks ago where there was a massive moment the

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Speaker 2: US announced the killing of al Qaeda chief am Al Zahawiri,

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Speaker 2: and he was instrumental in nine to eleven, We did

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Speaker 2: a podcast on him. He was kind of the right

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Speaker 2: hand man of Osama bin Laden. Now, even though the

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Speaker 2: drone strike took place in Kabul, this doesn't necessarily relate

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Speaker 2: to the Taliban.

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Speaker 3: Okay, and again centering this on the Afghan people, we

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Speaker 3: know that this has led to a massive refugee crisis.

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Speaker 3: What are the numbers that we're aware of, or at

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Speaker 3: least that are reported so far.

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Speaker 2: Well, it's estimated that there's about two point six million

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Speaker 2: registered Afghan refugees in the world, with another three point

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Speaker 2: four million people within Afghanistan who are classified as internally displaced.

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Speaker 2: There's also about twenty four million people, so the population

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Speaker 2: of Australia in Afghanistan that are in need of vital

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Speaker 2: humanitarian assistance. What I find desperately sad as well is

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Speaker 2: the fact that six hundred and fifty thousand Afghans from

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Speaker 2: neighboring countries in the Middle East and Europe have been

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Speaker 2: returned to Afghanistan because of failed refugee claims since August

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Speaker 2: twenty twenty one. There was one story I was reading

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Speaker 2: from Germany where Afghan refugees were evicted from public housing

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Speaker 2: within twenty four hours notice to make way for Ukrainian refugees.

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Speaker 3: I think it's easy in a world, especially one that

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Speaker 3: has a twenty four hour news cycle, to lose sight

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Speaker 3: of the plight of many people in this world. We've

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Speaker 3: got another war continuing in Ukraine, but the plight of

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Speaker 3: the Afghan people has not eased, and certainly it hasn't

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Speaker 3: eased for women or those that are part of minority groups.

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Speaker 3: And while it has been a year, it's important to

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Speaker 3: note that this hasn't gone away, and an absence of

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Speaker 3: war is not the same thing as peace, especially for

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Speaker 3: the Afghan people.

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Speaker 2: Thanks for listening to today's episode, and thanks again to

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Speaker 2: everyone who.

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Speaker 5: Filled out our podcast survey last week. Our lucky last

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Speaker 5: winner of a TDA hoodie is Taylor lithor an email

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Speaker 5: Taylor is coming.

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Speaker 2: Your way today.

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Speaker 5: If you learn something new on today's episode, we really

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Speaker 5: appreciate if you can give us a five star rating

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Speaker 5: wherever you do. You're listening in your app right now.

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Speaker 5: It helps new listeners find us and discover the wonderful

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Speaker 5: Daily OS podcast, and don't forget to subscribe so you

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Speaker 5: never miss an episode.

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Speaker 2: We'll be back tomorrow.

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Speaker 5: Until then, have a great day.