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Speaker 1: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda

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Speaker 1: Bungelung Calcuttin woman from Gadighl country. The Daily oz acknowledges

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Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the

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Speaker 1: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres

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Speaker 1: Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the

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Speaker 1: first peoples of these countries, both past and present.

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Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily Ods. It is Thursday,

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Speaker 2: the eleventh of January. I'm Billy, I'm Sam. This week

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Speaker 2: we heard the news that Matilda's captain Sam Kerr has

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Speaker 2: been ruled out of the rest of the Women's Super

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Speaker 2: League season as well as the Matilda's Olympic qualifiers, after

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Speaker 2: rupturing her acl at a training camp in Morocco. The

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Speaker 2: Matildas has said there is no current timeline for her

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Speaker 2: return to football and it could mean she's not able

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Speaker 2: to play in the Olympics, which start in July in Paris.

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Speaker 2: It's devastating news for the Matilda's and for fans in Australia.

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Speaker 2: But what we wanted to look at today is why

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Speaker 2: are female athletes more likely than their male counterparts to

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Speaker 2: rupture their acl We've gone to an expert to understand this,

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Speaker 2: but first Sam, what's making her bunds today?

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Speaker 3: Inflation has slowed to its lowest level in almost two years.

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Speaker 3: That's according to newly released data from the Australian Bureau

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Speaker 3: of Statistics. The data show's prices or inflation rose by

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Speaker 3: four point three percent in the twelve months to November.

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Speaker 3: That's down from four point nine percent for the previous month.

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Speaker 3: It's the lowest national inflation rate since January of twenty

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Speaker 3: twenty two, and while this doesn't mean prices are falling,

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Speaker 3: it does mean they're increasing at a slower rate.

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Speaker 2: A Sydney park has been closed after traces of asbestos

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Speaker 2: were found near children's playground. Transport for New South Wales

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Speaker 2: are loaded Local authorities to the asbestos contamination at a

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Speaker 2: new parkland, which sits on top of the recently opened

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Speaker 2: Brazel Interchange. The Inner westl called the discovery a serious

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Speaker 2: safety concern and has called for a thorough investigation. The

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Speaker 2: park will remain closed to the public as further testing

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Speaker 2: takes place.

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Speaker 3: Some remarkable scenes in Ecuador, where thirteen people have now

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Speaker 3: been arrested after staff were held at gunpoint during a

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Speaker 3: live news broadcast. It comes after a local infamous gang

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Speaker 3: leader disappeared from his prison cell on Sunday. A spate

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Speaker 3: of police kidnappings and attacks across Ecuador have led the

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Speaker 3: President of Ecuador to declare a national state of emergency

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Speaker 3: and that includes a nightly curfew.

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Speaker 2: And today's good news. I was very excited when I

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Speaker 2: saw this yesterday morning. The New York Times has published

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Speaker 2: its Top fifty two travel destinations for twenty twenty four.

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Speaker 2: Australia made the list twice, Sam, can you guess which

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Speaker 2: cities they were?

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Speaker 3: The Mighty Sydney Absolutely not. Melbourne always makes those lists, No,

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Speaker 3: and it's often like Barossa Valley, Margaret River, Kangaroo Island.

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Speaker 2: So far off?

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Speaker 3: Okay?

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Speaker 2: Tell me Risbin made the cart interesting, and that was

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Speaker 2: because of its dining experiences and also because of its

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Speaker 2: Olympics preparation. And then Tasmania was also included for its food,

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Speaker 2: drink and nature. As I mentioned above, women are more

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Speaker 2: likely than men to rupture their acls while playing sport.

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Speaker 2: In fact, they can be up to eight times more

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Speaker 2: likely than men to tear their acls. So why is

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Speaker 2: that and what can be done to solve this. TDA

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Speaker 2: journalist Chloe Christi interviewed Adam Walker, who is a physiotherapist

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Speaker 2: and researcher specializing in the area of ACL rehabilitation. He

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Speaker 2: services hundreds of patients at his clinic on the Gold

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Speaker 2: Coast and he contributes to ongoing research on ACL injury

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Speaker 2: prevention in women and girls. Here is that interview.

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Speaker 4: Hi, Anam, thanks for joining us on the podcast.

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Speaker 5: Hi Chloe, thanks for having me.

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Speaker 4: So Matilda's captain Sam Kerr has just been added to

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Speaker 4: the growing list of female football players hit with the

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Speaker 4: dreaded ACL injury, and I want to start really broad.

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Speaker 4: Can you explain what an ACL injury is and why

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Speaker 4: it's more prevalent in female athletes.

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Speaker 5: Yeah. Absolutely, So.

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Speaker 6: The ACL is one of the major ligaments in the knee.

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Speaker 6: It runs through the center of the knee and basically

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Speaker 6: it provides stability to the neee, particularly during sporting movements

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Speaker 6: such as jumping and landing and cutting and change of directions.

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Speaker 6: So we would typically associate an ACL injury with those

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Speaker 6: high risk activities, which is most of our team sports

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Speaker 6: that are particularly prevalent here in Australia, so AFL soccer,

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Speaker 6: the rugby codes, basketball, netball.

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Speaker 5: We love playing those sports here in Australia.

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Speaker 6: So Australia actually has the highest rate of acls in

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Speaker 6: the world and that's largely because we love playing sports

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Speaker 6: that stress the ACL. And then, unfortunately, for a variety

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Speaker 6: of different reasons, females significantly higher risks to injure their

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Speaker 6: ACL compared to males. And depending on where you read

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Speaker 6: it really depends, could be anywhere from two even even

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Speaker 6: up to eight times more likely for females to injure

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Speaker 6: their ACL. So it's certainly becoming a big problem at

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Speaker 6: the moment, and obviously it's been highlighted again by Sam

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Speaker 6: Kerr and then previously with the Soccer World Cup, and

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Speaker 6: of course the rise of AFLW and NLW are really

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Speaker 6: starting to highlight this issue of ACL injuries in female athletes.

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Speaker 4: So is this a new trend then it's.

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Speaker 6: Definitely not a new trend. There's been literature on the

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Speaker 6: higher rates in females for decades. But I think it

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Speaker 6: is that exposure that we're getting now to female sports,

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Speaker 6: and in reality, the rise in female sports participation has

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Speaker 6: just been astronomical, particularly in the last five years, and

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Speaker 6: the sponsorship and exposure in television rights and female athletes

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Speaker 6: getting more and more known to the community, which is

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Speaker 6: obviously a fantastic thing that it's just really highlighting the issues.

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Speaker 6: So it's definitely not new, but hopefully this increased to

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Speaker 6: ten we can actually start to take some steps forward

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Speaker 6: to change it for the future.

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Speaker 4: So you said there were a variety of different reasons

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Speaker 4: why women are at higher risk. First you want to

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Speaker 4: focus on the specific biology we have that makes us

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Speaker 4: more prone to these kinds of injuries. Can you talk

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Speaker 4: me through that.

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Speaker 6: Yeah, absolutely, It's probably important to highlight at the start

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Speaker 6: that it's not just how women are build and there

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Speaker 6: is more and more evidence growing that's now considering more

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Speaker 6: socio cultural, environmental and kind of gendered in environment that

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Speaker 6: women grow up in that also influence the injury risk.

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Speaker 6: So I'm sure we'll touch on that. But from a

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Speaker 6: biological perspective, we've got changes in the shape of female's

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Speaker 6: hip anatomy that is different to males that makes predisposes

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Speaker 6: them to getting into positions associated with an acl injury occurring.

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Speaker 6: So that's typically a wider hip and what's called a

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Speaker 6: Q angle where there's a difference in the angle from

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Speaker 6: the hip to when we draw a line down to

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Speaker 6: the knee, which has been associated with ACL injury. So

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Speaker 6: that's one side of thing, is the bony anatomy of

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Speaker 6: the hips and the knees of women. And the second

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Speaker 6: side of the biology is the hormonal factors, which is

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Speaker 6: getting also getting a lot of attention at the moment,

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Speaker 6: and there's still a lot of questions around the influence

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Speaker 6: of the mental cycle on a female's injury risk and

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Speaker 6: how those variations in hormones through the cycle influences a

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Speaker 6: person's risk to injury.

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Speaker 5: So it's a little bit hard to say on that.

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Speaker 6: Front, but there's a lot of good people doing research

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Speaker 6: in that area that can hopefully provide some answers. Probably

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Speaker 6: the third thing from the biological is that physical aspect,

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Speaker 6: that is that typically females are generally not as strong

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Speaker 6: and not as powerful as males and have that strength

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Speaker 6: around their knees and in their lower half of their

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Speaker 6: body compared to their male counterparts. That may also predispose

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Speaker 6: them to ACL injury.

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Speaker 4: What's the role of the external factors, like I'm thinking

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Speaker 4: the fields that women are playing on or the shoes

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Speaker 4: that they're wearing. What kind of influence does that have

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Speaker 4: on injury.

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Speaker 6: Yes, So we're just starting to get some footwear being

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Speaker 6: released by the big companies now that is like football boots,

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Speaker 6: those kind of things that are specifically designed for females

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Speaker 6: and female feet. And there is some evidence around how

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Speaker 6: the traction of the boot and the surface that they

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Speaker 6: play on influencers somebody's risk of acy on injury. Generally,

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Speaker 6: the more the higher attraction of the surface, the greater

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Speaker 6: the risk, and certain studs and certain designs of boots

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Speaker 6: are definitely associated with an increased risk of injury that

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Speaker 6: ties into the playing service with the type of surface

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Speaker 6: and the facilities available at female athletes. Unfortunately, they are often,

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Speaker 6: certainly at the community and the amateur level, playing on

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Speaker 6: more suboptimal fields than their male counterpouts, which may also

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Speaker 6: increase their exposure to suboptimal playing services from attraction perspective

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Speaker 6: or even just the continuity of the surface compared to

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Speaker 6: other grounds available to males.

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Speaker 4: And is the reason they're playing on those less optimal

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Speaker 4: playing fields or don't have the boots is because of

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Speaker 4: funding reasons? Am I right in thinking that?

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Speaker 1: Yeah?

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Speaker 6: Generally, across all codes, the male version of the code

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Speaker 6: is obviously still prioritize, and that's where most of the

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Speaker 6: funding and the revenue generation is from and where there

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Speaker 6: is greater levels of participation as well. So clubs will

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Speaker 6: naturally have that bias towards the areas that either generate

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Speaker 6: the most revenue or have the highest number or highest

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Speaker 6: level and highest number of participation. But hopefully, obviously that's

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Speaker 6: going to change with time.

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Speaker 4: If we look specifically at someone who's just like samco

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Speaker 4: who's just been told they have ruptured their ACL, what

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Speaker 4: does recovery look like.

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Speaker 6: So it's regarded as one of the most devastating injuries

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Speaker 6: in sport, and for good reason as well, because the

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Speaker 6: amount of time loss required after the injury and the

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Speaker 6: rehab after the injuries just is significant. So most people

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Speaker 6: will have twelve at least twelve months out of sport.

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Speaker 5: Some people may return sooner.

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Speaker 6: Some times it takes people much longer to return to sport,

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Speaker 6: but generally speaking, most people are looking at twelve months

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Speaker 6: out of sport after somebody injures their ACL. There are

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Speaker 6: a couple of different ways that some people can go,

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Speaker 6: but the majority of people in Australia are still getting surgery.

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Speaker 4: So if Sam was your patient, would there be any

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Speaker 4: way that should be ready to play for the maturdas

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Speaker 4: at the Olympics in July, it seems.

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Speaker 6: Very unlikely at this point. There is case studies at

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Speaker 6: the professional level, anything is possible. When the Winter Olympics

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Speaker 6: roll around every year, we always hear these crazy stories

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Speaker 6: of skis and snowboarders have injured their ACL weeks before

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Speaker 6: or months before the Olympics and have gone cer only

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Speaker 6: seeing other people in summer Olympic sports that have gone

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Speaker 6: and done that.

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Speaker 4: So I do understand a lot of your research focuses

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Speaker 4: on ACL injury prevention in women and girls, specifically, if

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Speaker 4: you can just expand a little more on what do

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Speaker 4: you think can be done to mitigate the risks of injury.

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Speaker 6: So the first thing, which doesn't only apply to women

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Speaker 6: and girls, but is the widespread implementation of injury prevention programs.

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Speaker 6: We know that they are rarely performed at the community level,

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Speaker 6: and there is substantial evidence now from a variety of

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Speaker 6: different sporting codes across different areas of the world that

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Speaker 6: demonstrates that with a more formal injury prevention program, which

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Speaker 6: typically replaces a standard warm up at sport, we can

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Speaker 6: reduce the risk of ACL injury by about fifty percent,

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Speaker 6: even up to sixty percent.

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Speaker 5: So just the simple training of.

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Speaker 6: Staff, coaches, parents, volunteers at clubs and sporting grounds from

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Speaker 6: the junior level through the semi professional sport can go

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Speaker 6: a long way in reducing ACL injury. So that's the

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Speaker 6: more practical side on the ground is where we're at.

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Speaker 6: Then we've at the top level of that. Then we've

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Speaker 6: got funding of research in two women and ACL injury

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Speaker 6: which will hopefully then be able to feed down the

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Speaker 6: evidence which will support the greater financial funding to help

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Speaker 6: women with exposure to higher levels of training, development and

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Speaker 6: facilities and those factors that we've touched on so far.

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Speaker 4: Adam, thank you so much for jumping on the pod today.

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Speaker 5: Thanks for having me. I really appreciate it.

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Speaker 3: That's all we've got time for in today's edition of

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Speaker 3: The Daily. That was a really interesting discussion there between

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Speaker 3: Chloe and Adam in what is a big area of

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Speaker 3: sport that's growing in front of our eyes. If you've

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Speaker 3: got any comments on today's podcast or some further questions

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Speaker 3: for us to dive into, leave a comment. If you're

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Speaker 3: on Spotify, you can always hit us up on this

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Speaker 3: as well. We'll be back in your ears again tomorrow morning.

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Speaker 3: Until then, have a great Thursday