1 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:05,280 Speaker 1: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda 2 00:00:05,519 --> 00:00:10,320 Speaker 1: Bunjelung Calcuttin woman from Gadighl Country. The Daily oz acknowledges 3 00:00:10,400 --> 00:00:12,559 Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the 4 00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:16,120 Speaker 1: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres 5 00:00:16,160 --> 00:00:19,079 Speaker 1: Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the 6 00:00:19,079 --> 00:00:21,880 Speaker 1: first peoples of these countries, both past and present. 7 00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:31,120 Speaker 2: Hello, how's your summer going. Are you on a road trip, 8 00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:34,360 Speaker 2: are you recovering from a big party in the sun, 9 00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:37,280 Speaker 2: or are you just taking a quiet walk, Whatever the 10 00:00:37,320 --> 00:00:41,000 Speaker 2: case is, You are listening to a special summer series 11 00:00:41,280 --> 00:00:44,360 Speaker 2: of the TDA Podcast. Now, the whole idea here is 12 00:00:44,360 --> 00:00:46,159 Speaker 2: that every day we're going to throw back to a 13 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:49,800 Speaker 2: different episode from last year. We've sat down and chosen 14 00:00:49,880 --> 00:00:52,959 Speaker 2: some of the most listens to stories of twenty twenty two, 15 00:00:53,159 --> 00:00:55,000 Speaker 2: but we've also thrown in some of the stories that 16 00:00:55,440 --> 00:00:57,960 Speaker 2: may have gotten left behind in the news cycle, and 17 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:05,680 Speaker 2: we think they want a bit of an update. Today, 18 00:01:05,720 --> 00:01:08,319 Speaker 2: I'm taking you back to May twenty twenty two, when 19 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:11,800 Speaker 2: a story out of Yuvaldi, Texas really broke hearts all 20 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:14,200 Speaker 2: over the world. I want to get straight into it today, 21 00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:16,280 Speaker 2: but do stick around until the end. I have some 22 00:01:16,360 --> 00:01:19,800 Speaker 2: updates for you on what's happened since we recorded this episode. 23 00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:28,199 Speaker 3: So yet again, US gun laws and gun culture are 24 00:01:28,240 --> 00:01:32,600 Speaker 3: in the headlines after last week's horrific, horrific murder of 25 00:01:32,720 --> 00:01:36,360 Speaker 3: at least nineteen children and two teachers at a Texas 26 00:01:36,360 --> 00:01:39,959 Speaker 3: elementary school. It led to more demands for a review 27 00:01:40,080 --> 00:01:43,440 Speaker 3: of gun laws and urgent reforms in the country. For 28 00:01:43,640 --> 00:01:47,680 Speaker 3: overseas audiences, particularly in countries like Australia and New Zealand, 29 00:01:47,760 --> 00:01:50,920 Speaker 3: where it only took one critical shooting event to trigger 30 00:01:51,160 --> 00:01:53,920 Speaker 3: massive gun reforms in the country, it can be really 31 00:01:53,920 --> 00:01:57,040 Speaker 3: hard to understand what exactly is holding up progress on 32 00:01:57,040 --> 00:02:00,280 Speaker 3: this front. It's certainly something that we've been asked a 33 00:02:00,360 --> 00:02:03,440 Speaker 3: lot in our dms, especially when events like this happen. 34 00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:06,360 Speaker 3: So before we get into why the laws are so 35 00:02:06,480 --> 00:02:09,320 Speaker 3: hard to change, how bad is the problem. 36 00:02:09,080 --> 00:02:12,640 Speaker 2: It's really bad. The FBI categorizes a mass shooting is 37 00:02:12,639 --> 00:02:15,320 Speaker 2: when four or more people are shot, and there were 38 00:02:15,360 --> 00:02:18,240 Speaker 2: six hundred and ninety two mass shootings in the US 39 00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:21,079 Speaker 2: in twenty twenty one. This year, there has been already 40 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:25,360 Speaker 2: two hundred, including twenty seven mass shootings in schools in 41 00:02:25,400 --> 00:02:27,800 Speaker 2: twenty twenty, for the first time guns with the leading 42 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:30,839 Speaker 2: cause of death for American children and teenagers. It took 43 00:02:30,919 --> 00:02:35,160 Speaker 2: over motor vehicle accidents. There's about four hundred million guns 44 00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:37,760 Speaker 2: in the US, which means statistically, if you've got one 45 00:02:37,840 --> 00:02:40,280 Speaker 2: hundred Americans in a room, there would be one hundred 46 00:02:40,320 --> 00:02:41,400 Speaker 2: and twenty guns. 47 00:02:41,600 --> 00:02:45,240 Speaker 3: Okay, So, Sam, obviously all of this is steeped in 48 00:02:45,480 --> 00:02:48,240 Speaker 3: the Constitution, in the right to bear arms. So can 49 00:02:48,280 --> 00:02:52,280 Speaker 3: you just explain the constitutional angle to an Australian audience 50 00:02:52,320 --> 00:02:54,720 Speaker 3: who really doesn't have a similarity here. 51 00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:57,720 Speaker 2: I do think this is the right place to start 52 00:02:57,800 --> 00:03:01,440 Speaker 2: this discussion. So the core principle behind and all discussions 53 00:03:01,440 --> 00:03:03,959 Speaker 2: of gun laws in the US is the Second Amendment 54 00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:07,760 Speaker 2: to the US Constitution, which states a well regulated militia 55 00:03:07,919 --> 00:03:10,800 Speaker 2: being necessary for the security of a free state, the 56 00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:13,200 Speaker 2: right of the people to keep and bear arms shall 57 00:03:13,240 --> 00:03:18,560 Speaker 2: not be infringed. So, just quickly, a constitutional amendment is 58 00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:21,880 Speaker 2: a modification to the US Constitution passed after the initial 59 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:24,880 Speaker 2: drafting of the Constitution. The best way to think about 60 00:03:24,880 --> 00:03:26,960 Speaker 2: this is a way for drafters to be able to 61 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:29,520 Speaker 2: build on the work of the founding fathers of the 62 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:33,320 Speaker 2: original Constitution as America continued to be built, so the 63 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:37,160 Speaker 2: US Constitution was drafted in seventeen eighty eight. This second 64 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:40,440 Speaker 2: Amendment was drafted by James Madison in seventeen eighty nine. 65 00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:44,040 Speaker 2: It's pretty widely agreed that the purpose of the amendment 66 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:47,440 Speaker 2: was to reassure states that the newly formed US military 67 00:03:47,680 --> 00:03:50,640 Speaker 2: wouldn't be an all powerful body and states could still 68 00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:54,520 Speaker 2: form their own, smaller militias. Today, this is now the 69 00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:58,280 Speaker 2: key amendment that allows US citizens to carry and purchase weapons. 70 00:03:58,720 --> 00:04:01,800 Speaker 2: But each state has set laws on background checks and 71 00:04:01,840 --> 00:04:04,520 Speaker 2: the type of firearms available, and we'll get into all of. 72 00:04:04,440 --> 00:04:07,119 Speaker 3: That, okay, But first, the question that comes up time 73 00:04:07,160 --> 00:04:10,760 Speaker 3: and time again is can the Constitution actually be changed. 74 00:04:11,160 --> 00:04:14,720 Speaker 2: It can be changed, but it is extremely difficult to 75 00:04:14,760 --> 00:04:18,200 Speaker 2: do so. It's difficult in Australia, but definitely more difficult 76 00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:20,760 Speaker 2: in the US. So in the US you'd need at 77 00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:24,120 Speaker 2: least sixty six percent support in both houses of Congress 78 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:27,760 Speaker 2: and then the change to be ratified, which means approved 79 00:04:27,839 --> 00:04:31,520 Speaker 2: by seventy five percent of individual states. In the current 80 00:04:31,560 --> 00:04:35,680 Speaker 2: makeup of the US, this is pretty much impossible. Where 81 00:04:35,960 --> 00:04:39,400 Speaker 2: the laws can be changed. Slightly easier is in the 82 00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:43,080 Speaker 2: Supreme Court, which deals with the interpretation of the Constitution 83 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:45,920 Speaker 2: and its amendments. The big case here was in two 84 00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:48,799 Speaker 2: thousand and eight, where the Supreme Court dealt with exactly 85 00:04:48,839 --> 00:04:51,560 Speaker 2: the question of gun control in a case called the 86 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:54,679 Speaker 2: District of Columbia vers. Hella. This case was all about 87 00:04:54,680 --> 00:04:57,680 Speaker 2: a law that the Washington, d c. State government introduced 88 00:04:57,680 --> 00:05:01,880 Speaker 2: that banned handguns. Five to four vote, the Court held, 89 00:05:01,920 --> 00:05:04,279 Speaker 2: which means that it passed for the first time in 90 00:05:04,320 --> 00:05:07,960 Speaker 2: American history, that the Second Amendment does protect an individual 91 00:05:08,040 --> 00:05:12,000 Speaker 2: right to possess a gun. Among a whole list of reasoning, 92 00:05:12,440 --> 00:05:17,039 Speaker 2: this case gave special constitutional protection to handguns. The key 93 00:05:17,040 --> 00:05:19,000 Speaker 2: distinction that the Court made here is that the right 94 00:05:19,040 --> 00:05:21,840 Speaker 2: to bear arms is not just a collective right. So 95 00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:24,359 Speaker 2: like in the Constitution said, you know a right that 96 00:05:24,400 --> 00:05:27,200 Speaker 2: can be held by militia or an army, but it 97 00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:31,279 Speaker 2: can be an individual right. But the Court did also 98 00:05:31,320 --> 00:05:33,960 Speaker 2: make a distinction between carrying a weapon for self defense, 99 00:05:34,240 --> 00:05:37,240 Speaker 2: which it said was clearly permitted by the Constitution, and 100 00:05:37,279 --> 00:05:40,400 Speaker 2: what it described as dangerous and unusual weapons, which it 101 00:05:40,480 --> 00:05:43,680 Speaker 2: said can still be banned. But this left a lot 102 00:05:43,720 --> 00:05:46,280 Speaker 2: of room for ambiguity. 103 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:49,159 Speaker 3: Which leads me to the question of whether there actually 104 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:52,159 Speaker 3: are any laws restricting firearms in the country. When you 105 00:05:52,200 --> 00:05:55,160 Speaker 3: see what happened in Texas, it does make you wonder 106 00:05:55,440 --> 00:05:59,000 Speaker 3: whether there is anything trying to restrict gun ownership in 107 00:05:59,000 --> 00:05:59,479 Speaker 3: the country. 108 00:05:59,839 --> 00:06:03,839 Speaker 2: There's eleven key pieces of federal law that forms most 109 00:06:03,839 --> 00:06:06,720 Speaker 2: of kind of the big suite of laws that regulate 110 00:06:06,839 --> 00:06:11,320 Speaker 2: gun ownership. They establish things like a basic national criteria 111 00:06:11,400 --> 00:06:15,520 Speaker 2: for issuing a gun license, but every state has different loopholes. 112 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:19,280 Speaker 2: Because every state has different laws and the laws kind 113 00:06:19,320 --> 00:06:22,440 Speaker 2: of depend on the state's political leaning. They either make 114 00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:25,960 Speaker 2: federal requirements stronger or they make them weaker. So one 115 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:28,080 Speaker 2: of the key federal laws is the Gun Control Act 116 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:30,760 Speaker 2: of nineteen sixty eight, and this gives a list of 117 00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:33,600 Speaker 2: reasons of why people could be refused a gun license. 118 00:06:33,640 --> 00:06:36,719 Speaker 2: It's things like if they're under eighteen, if they're addicted 119 00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:39,520 Speaker 2: to a controlled substance, if they've got a criminal record 120 00:06:39,560 --> 00:06:42,080 Speaker 2: with more than a year of prison time served, if 121 00:06:42,080 --> 00:06:44,599 Speaker 2: they've been convicted of a domestic violence offense, or if 122 00:06:44,640 --> 00:06:47,240 Speaker 2: they're subject to an AVO. You got to remember here 123 00:06:47,279 --> 00:06:50,800 Speaker 2: that to actually enforce this framework, gun sellers, the people 124 00:06:50,960 --> 00:06:53,359 Speaker 2: at the other side of the counter, are expected to 125 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:57,279 Speaker 2: run background checks on everyone who purchases a weapon. But 126 00:06:57,320 --> 00:06:59,640 Speaker 2: the problem is that guns are increasingly being sold on 127 00:06:59,680 --> 00:07:03,440 Speaker 2: regular and without background checks, over the Internet and by 128 00:07:03,520 --> 00:07:07,760 Speaker 2: unlicensed sellers, and this creates major loopholes. So I guess, 129 00:07:07,760 --> 00:07:10,320 Speaker 2: in short, as we see time and time again, these 130 00:07:10,360 --> 00:07:12,280 Speaker 2: background checks aren't doing the trick. 131 00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:15,239 Speaker 3: One of the questions that we were getting a lot 132 00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:19,520 Speaker 3: after this Texas shooting was if Joe Biden was seemingly 133 00:07:19,760 --> 00:07:23,240 Speaker 3: as moved as he appeared after the shooting, can't he 134 00:07:23,400 --> 00:07:26,400 Speaker 3: just do something? Can't there be an executive order, which 135 00:07:26,440 --> 00:07:29,680 Speaker 3: is when the president does something unilaterally to stop these 136 00:07:29,720 --> 00:07:31,360 Speaker 3: situations from reoccurring. 137 00:07:31,640 --> 00:07:33,720 Speaker 2: So I think there's two ways to address this question. 138 00:07:33,760 --> 00:07:36,760 Speaker 2: One is to look at the influences inside the Congress, 139 00:07:36,800 --> 00:07:39,360 Speaker 2: and one is to look at the influencers outside Congress. 140 00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:43,000 Speaker 2: So inside President Biden is at the mercy of something 141 00:07:43,040 --> 00:07:46,160 Speaker 2: called a filibuster, and a filibuster is a function of 142 00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:49,080 Speaker 2: the rules that govern how the Congress runs, kind of 143 00:07:49,080 --> 00:07:52,160 Speaker 2: the rules of play that allows a politician to talk 144 00:07:52,440 --> 00:07:55,480 Speaker 2: endlessly in order to obstruct the passage of a piece 145 00:07:55,560 --> 00:07:58,480 Speaker 2: of legislation. Now there is a way to stop a 146 00:07:58,520 --> 00:08:02,200 Speaker 2: filibuster from being us used in discussions about a certain law. 147 00:08:02,560 --> 00:08:05,480 Speaker 2: But you need sixty US Senators out of one hundred 148 00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:08,760 Speaker 2: to vote to end the filibuster and force the vote, 149 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:11,400 Speaker 2: and with the current makeup, with how many Republicans and 150 00:08:11,440 --> 00:08:14,280 Speaker 2: Democrats in the Senate, it's not really going to happen. 151 00:08:14,880 --> 00:08:17,000 Speaker 2: It's a pretty complicated part of US law with a 152 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:19,640 Speaker 2: lot of history and theory. But the short answer here 153 00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:21,880 Speaker 2: is that Biden and the Democrats are not going to 154 00:08:21,880 --> 00:08:24,480 Speaker 2: be able to pass laws through Congress and the Senate 155 00:08:24,680 --> 00:08:27,200 Speaker 2: without the support of the Republican Party. And this is 156 00:08:27,360 --> 00:08:30,240 Speaker 2: what we refer to when we talk about bipartisan support. 157 00:08:30,360 --> 00:08:32,720 Speaker 2: To your point about the executive Order, Zara, that's a 158 00:08:32,720 --> 00:08:35,080 Speaker 2: really interesting one because that would go straight to a 159 00:08:35,120 --> 00:08:38,319 Speaker 2: Supreme Court challenge, and as we know, the Supreme Court 160 00:08:38,360 --> 00:08:40,920 Speaker 2: now is weighted conservative, which means that they would be 161 00:08:41,200 --> 00:08:44,000 Speaker 2: fiercely protective of the U s Second Amendment right to 162 00:08:44,040 --> 00:08:44,760 Speaker 2: bear arms. 163 00:08:45,160 --> 00:08:48,880 Speaker 3: And Sam you mentioned the Republicans before. There do seem 164 00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:52,679 Speaker 3: to be a number of Republicans who don't support increased 165 00:08:52,679 --> 00:08:54,280 Speaker 3: gun control. Why is that. 166 00:08:54,559 --> 00:08:56,960 Speaker 2: Yeah, you might have seen Ted Cruz pop up in 167 00:08:57,000 --> 00:08:58,960 Speaker 2: the news lot this week. He is one of those 168 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:03,280 Speaker 2: Republicans who a fierce protector of gun rights. He's from Texas, 169 00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:05,960 Speaker 2: where the shooting last week took place. And this is 170 00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:08,400 Speaker 2: kind of where we get to talking about the influences 171 00:09:08,400 --> 00:09:11,360 Speaker 2: from outside Congress, and we're talking here about the National 172 00:09:11,480 --> 00:09:15,280 Speaker 2: Rifle Association, or the NRA. The NRA has nearly five 173 00:09:15,320 --> 00:09:18,120 Speaker 2: million members and is still one of the most powerful 174 00:09:18,120 --> 00:09:21,720 Speaker 2: lobbies in the country. They give tons of money to 175 00:09:21,800 --> 00:09:24,760 Speaker 2: politicians who fight for the protection of gun rights, and 176 00:09:24,800 --> 00:09:28,520 Speaker 2: they're often the biggest donor to their reelection campaigns. The 177 00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:32,160 Speaker 2: NRA has this infamous system of scorecards on politicians, where 178 00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:34,960 Speaker 2: it gives a rating according to the politicians record on 179 00:09:35,040 --> 00:09:38,560 Speaker 2: defending gun rights. This rating is used to indicate how 180 00:09:38,600 --> 00:09:41,680 Speaker 2: much funding they give a politician, and if you're rating drops, 181 00:09:41,960 --> 00:09:44,120 Speaker 2: it's often the case that the NRA will fund your 182 00:09:44,120 --> 00:09:46,520 Speaker 2: opponent simply to get you out of the way. 183 00:09:46,840 --> 00:09:49,120 Speaker 3: We also saw over the weekend that there was an 184 00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:54,040 Speaker 3: NRA conference held and Donald Trump addressed the crowds. But 185 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:58,120 Speaker 3: there were some remarkable photos of an almost half empty 186 00:09:58,240 --> 00:10:03,000 Speaker 3: auditorium and then thousands upon thousands of people protesting outside, 187 00:10:03,120 --> 00:10:05,280 Speaker 3: and it was quite a remarkable difference seeing those two 188 00:10:05,280 --> 00:10:09,520 Speaker 3: photos alongside each other. But has there been any progress 189 00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:13,040 Speaker 3: on working around the influence of the NRA that seemingly 190 00:10:13,080 --> 00:10:16,480 Speaker 3: they appear to be this fixture of American politics. But 191 00:10:16,880 --> 00:10:18,280 Speaker 3: has there been any movement? 192 00:10:18,679 --> 00:10:21,120 Speaker 2: Yeah, I really wanted to end this chat with a 193 00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:24,560 Speaker 2: kind of bit of a hope sentiment here, in a 194 00:10:24,640 --> 00:10:27,720 Speaker 2: sense that these laws could change, and I think to 195 00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:30,600 Speaker 2: do that we have to look to state level laws. 196 00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:33,240 Speaker 2: In the US, some states have their own laws that 197 00:10:33,400 --> 00:10:37,120 Speaker 2: enable courts to confiscate weapons from people who are considered 198 00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:39,120 Speaker 2: to be a danger to themselves or others. And this 199 00:10:39,240 --> 00:10:41,520 Speaker 2: is known as red flag laws. And there's this thing 200 00:10:41,559 --> 00:10:44,360 Speaker 2: called an extreme Risk Protection order that often can come 201 00:10:44,360 --> 00:10:47,240 Speaker 2: from a friend or a relative who have serious concerns 202 00:10:47,240 --> 00:10:50,360 Speaker 2: about a person's behavior. Now, these red flag laws are 203 00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:53,600 Speaker 2: very effective, and they're currently in play in twenty states. 204 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:56,760 Speaker 2: In Texas, where the shooting took plates last week, there 205 00:10:56,840 --> 00:11:00,920 Speaker 2: is no such red flag laws. Ultimately, I just I 206 00:11:00,960 --> 00:11:03,080 Speaker 2: don't think we're going to see the sweeping changes to 207 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:05,960 Speaker 2: gun laws we saw in Australia after Port Arthur or 208 00:11:05,960 --> 00:11:08,560 Speaker 2: in New Zealand after the christ Church shooting. It's going 209 00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:11,760 Speaker 2: to be a much slower, much more incremental change, and 210 00:11:11,800 --> 00:11:14,520 Speaker 2: we're going to see the changes mostly at state levels, 211 00:11:14,920 --> 00:11:16,920 Speaker 2: but I do think that one thing that is starting 212 00:11:16,920 --> 00:11:19,840 Speaker 2: to shift is the gun control lobby in America. So 213 00:11:19,920 --> 00:11:23,560 Speaker 2: the direct opponent of the NRA is getting much more organized, 214 00:11:23,679 --> 00:11:26,840 Speaker 2: much more well funded, and much more popular. For example, 215 00:11:26,840 --> 00:11:29,280 Speaker 2: there's a protest movement called March for Our Lives, which 216 00:11:29,320 --> 00:11:32,720 Speaker 2: is powered mainly by young Americans who routinely protest and 217 00:11:32,760 --> 00:11:35,960 Speaker 2: advocate for universal background checks on all gun sales, even 218 00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:38,760 Speaker 2: those online. They also want to see the federal age 219 00:11:38,800 --> 00:11:41,240 Speaker 2: of gun ownership raised to twenty one, and they want 220 00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:44,240 Speaker 2: to see a ban on assault weapons or high capacity weapons. 221 00:11:44,559 --> 00:11:47,480 Speaker 2: This group first mobilized in twenty eighteen, right after the 222 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:51,640 Speaker 2: shooting at the Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, 223 00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:55,960 Speaker 2: and they had almost two million Americans attended march, and 224 00:11:56,000 --> 00:11:58,319 Speaker 2: it was a really, really powerful moment. This group is 225 00:11:58,360 --> 00:12:02,280 Speaker 2: now remobilized there back in the headlines, and they're planning 226 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:05,080 Speaker 2: their next mass protest for June eleven. One of the 227 00:12:05,080 --> 00:12:07,680 Speaker 2: protesters is a young man by the name of David Hogg. 228 00:12:07,800 --> 00:12:10,320 Speaker 2: He was seventeen and actually in that high school when 229 00:12:10,559 --> 00:12:13,280 Speaker 2: a nineteen year old shooter killed fourteen of his friends 230 00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:16,640 Speaker 2: and three staff members in Florida, and he said a 231 00:12:16,640 --> 00:12:19,959 Speaker 2: really powerful line yesterday to the Washington Post. He said, 232 00:12:19,960 --> 00:12:23,760 Speaker 2: no more. It's time Democrats, Republicans, gun owners and non 233 00:12:23,800 --> 00:12:26,240 Speaker 2: gun owners come together and stop focusing on what we 234 00:12:26,320 --> 00:12:29,040 Speaker 2: can't agree on and start focusing on what we can, 235 00:12:29,280 --> 00:12:30,559 Speaker 2: even if small. 236 00:12:30,679 --> 00:12:33,560 Speaker 3: I think that is a very good note to end on. 237 00:12:33,800 --> 00:12:36,840 Speaker 3: It can sometimes feel like America is so divided that 238 00:12:36,880 --> 00:12:40,360 Speaker 3: there is no common ground, but certainly there has to 239 00:12:40,400 --> 00:12:44,240 Speaker 3: be at some point because this can't continue. That is 240 00:12:44,280 --> 00:12:46,560 Speaker 3: all we have time for today, though. Thank you for 241 00:12:46,640 --> 00:12:48,880 Speaker 3: listening to today's episode of The Daly Ohs and we 242 00:12:48,880 --> 00:12:49,680 Speaker 3: will see you tomorrow. 243 00:12:53,600 --> 00:12:55,600 Speaker 2: We said in the episode that there were over two 244 00:12:55,720 --> 00:12:59,400 Speaker 2: hundred mass shootings before the Uvalde, Texas shooting. By the 245 00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:01,360 Speaker 2: end of last year year there had been over six 246 00:13:01,480 --> 00:13:04,760 Speaker 2: hundred recorded mass shootings. Those are incidents where at least 247 00:13:04,800 --> 00:13:07,400 Speaker 2: four people were injured or killed, according to the Gun 248 00:13:07,440 --> 00:13:11,080 Speaker 2: Violence Archive. There was some legal reform in the States 249 00:13:11,120 --> 00:13:14,520 Speaker 2: following the shooting in Neuvaldi, with a gun safety bill 250 00:13:14,600 --> 00:13:17,480 Speaker 2: signed into law with bipartisan support, so support from both 251 00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:21,520 Speaker 2: the Democrats and the Republicans. In June, this titan background 252 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:25,079 Speaker 2: checks for buyers under twenty one and inserted tougher punishments 253 00:13:25,120 --> 00:13:28,480 Speaker 2: for gun traffickers. But that very same week, the US 254 00:13:28,559 --> 00:13:31,960 Speaker 2: Supreme Court made a decision that actually expanded gun rights 255 00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:34,719 Speaker 2: by ruling that Americans do have a right to arm 256 00:13:34,760 --> 00:13:43,360 Speaker 2: themselves for public defense. Thanks for listening to this episode 257 00:13:43,360 --> 00:13:46,040 Speaker 2: of our special TDA summer series. Will be back to 258 00:13:46,080 --> 00:13:49,800 Speaker 2: normal programming on the sixteenth of January. But if you 259 00:13:49,840 --> 00:13:52,400 Speaker 2: want some more breaking news in the meantime, open your 260 00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:55,640 Speaker 2: phone and find us on Instagram. It's currently where over 261 00:13:55,720 --> 00:13:59,439 Speaker 2: four hundred and ten thousand Australians get their news, and 262 00:13:59,480 --> 00:14:01,800 Speaker 2: we are even though you're on holiday.