1 00:00:02,920 --> 00:00:05,240 Speaker 1: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda 2 00:00:05,440 --> 00:00:10,240 Speaker 1: Bungelung Chalcutin woman from Gadighl Country. The Daily oz acknowledges 3 00:00:10,320 --> 00:00:12,479 Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the 4 00:00:12,520 --> 00:00:16,040 Speaker 1: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres 5 00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:19,000 Speaker 1: Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the 6 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:21,799 Speaker 1: first peoples of these countries, both past and present. 7 00:00:28,040 --> 00:00:30,520 Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily os. It's Thursday, 8 00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:31,840 Speaker 2: the twenty fourth of November. 9 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:33,720 Speaker 3: I'm Zara, I'm Sam. 10 00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:36,640 Speaker 2: Chris Hemsworth has been making headlines this week, and not 11 00:00:36,800 --> 00:00:39,320 Speaker 2: because of a new Thorn movie or sightings of him 12 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:41,920 Speaker 2: at the beach in Byron Bay. It's news and style 13 00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:44,479 Speaker 2: will be taking some time off from acting to come 14 00:00:44,520 --> 00:00:48,360 Speaker 2: to terms with his genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease. In 15 00:00:48,400 --> 00:00:50,839 Speaker 2: today's deep dive, we're going to talk about both genetic 16 00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:53,800 Speaker 2: testing and really what it means. But fair Sam, what's 17 00:00:53,840 --> 00:01:00,080 Speaker 2: making headlines today. 18 00:01:00,960 --> 00:01:03,960 Speaker 3: Prime Minister Anthony Albernezi has said that the National Anti 19 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:07,120 Speaker 3: Corruption Bill goes far enough in ensuring that the Commission 20 00:01:07,120 --> 00:01:10,319 Speaker 3: will be able to hold public hearings. During debate in 21 00:01:10,360 --> 00:01:14,120 Speaker 3: Parliament yesterday. Albinizi said the current legislation insured decisions to 22 00:01:14,160 --> 00:01:17,520 Speaker 3: hold public hearings will be weighed against possible negative impacts 23 00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:20,160 Speaker 3: of doing so. This all comes after pressure from the 24 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:22,240 Speaker 3: Greens and the cross Bench to make it easier for 25 00:01:22,319 --> 00:01:23,720 Speaker 3: hearings to be held in public. 26 00:01:26,080 --> 00:01:29,760 Speaker 2: A report from the CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology has 27 00:01:29,800 --> 00:01:32,840 Speaker 2: found that Australia's average temperature is one point four to 28 00:01:32,880 --> 00:01:36,120 Speaker 2: seven degrees warmer than when the national records began back 29 00:01:36,160 --> 00:01:39,640 Speaker 2: in nineteen ten. It also found arise in sea surface 30 00:01:39,680 --> 00:01:42,880 Speaker 2: temperatures of one point zero five degrees since nineteen hundred 31 00:01:42,920 --> 00:01:46,120 Speaker 2: and an increase in days of extreme heat. Environment Minister 32 00:01:46,160 --> 00:01:48,800 Speaker 2: Tanya Plebisk called the report sobering and said that a 33 00:01:48,920 --> 00:01:51,520 Speaker 2: quote reinforces the urgent need for climate action. 34 00:01:54,840 --> 00:01:57,760 Speaker 3: Rescuers have begun searching for survivors of a five point 35 00:01:57,840 --> 00:02:01,560 Speaker 3: six magnitude earthquake in the West Java Province of Indonesia. 36 00:02:01,840 --> 00:02:04,280 Speaker 3: Two hundred and sixty eight people were killed in the earthquake, 37 00:02:04,320 --> 00:02:07,920 Speaker 3: and according to Indonesia's National Disaster Management Agency, one hundred 38 00:02:07,920 --> 00:02:09,639 Speaker 3: and fifty one people are still missing. 39 00:02:11,440 --> 00:02:14,880 Speaker 2: And the good news Brisbane Lines midfielder Ali Anderson has 40 00:02:14,919 --> 00:02:18,880 Speaker 2: won the aflw's Best and Fairest Award. Anderson came off 41 00:02:18,919 --> 00:02:22,560 Speaker 2: a stellar season at the Lions, averaging over twenty one disposals, 42 00:02:22,720 --> 00:02:26,160 Speaker 2: five tackles and five clearances per game. She will now 43 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:28,520 Speaker 2: shift her focus to this weekend's Grand Final, where her 44 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:31,280 Speaker 2: side will face off against Melbourne Demons for the premiership. 45 00:02:35,000 --> 00:02:36,840 Speaker 3: Now I may be in pretty decent shape. 46 00:02:36,919 --> 00:02:39,440 Speaker 1: Sure, I may look like an immortal Norse god, etc. 47 00:02:39,919 --> 00:02:42,960 Speaker 2: Stop it, but I know the clock is already ticking. 48 00:02:46,120 --> 00:02:50,000 Speaker 2: The TV series Limitless is being promoted as this revolutionary 49 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:52,919 Speaker 2: attempt to combat aging and discover the full potential of 50 00:02:52,960 --> 00:02:56,200 Speaker 2: the human body, taking on six of the toughest tests 51 00:02:56,200 --> 00:02:59,920 Speaker 2: of my life. But headlines this week have highlighted just 52 00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:04,200 Speaker 2: how inescapable the reality of genetics can actually be. As 53 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:07,480 Speaker 2: part of some genetic testing for the series, Chris Hemsworth's 54 00:03:07,480 --> 00:03:10,400 Speaker 2: discovered that he had a rare disposition to Alzheimer's disease. 55 00:03:11,080 --> 00:03:13,760 Speaker 2: In an interview with Vanity Fair, he said the discovery 56 00:03:13,760 --> 00:03:16,040 Speaker 2: triggered something in him, something that made him want to 57 00:03:16,080 --> 00:03:18,919 Speaker 2: take some time off. And this got us talking in 58 00:03:18,960 --> 00:03:22,320 Speaker 2: the TDA office, not just about Chris Hemsworth, but about 59 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:24,560 Speaker 2: the genetic testing and what it means and what you 60 00:03:24,680 --> 00:03:25,640 Speaker 2: do with that information. 61 00:03:26,160 --> 00:03:28,640 Speaker 3: This is one of those podcast topics that really got 62 00:03:28,680 --> 00:03:32,640 Speaker 3: me thinking, why don't we begin with what Alzheimer's is. 63 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:36,200 Speaker 2: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, and 64 00:03:36,400 --> 00:03:39,320 Speaker 2: according to the National Institute of Aging in the US, 65 00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:43,000 Speaker 2: the disease slowly destroys memory and thinking skills until you 66 00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:46,440 Speaker 2: can't even do simple tasks. Anyone can get the disease, 67 00:03:46,520 --> 00:03:49,160 Speaker 2: but it's more common in older people, and there are 68 00:03:49,200 --> 00:03:52,440 Speaker 2: also some lifestyle and genetic factors that increase that risk. 69 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:56,000 Speaker 3: Okay, so we're talking about genetics. What did they find 70 00:03:56,080 --> 00:03:57,240 Speaker 3: in Hemsworth's case. 71 00:03:57,480 --> 00:04:00,000 Speaker 2: Well, there's no one single gene that results in Alzheimer's, 72 00:04:00,240 --> 00:04:03,480 Speaker 2: but there are some variants and mutations which may indicate 73 00:04:03,560 --> 00:04:06,440 Speaker 2: a higher risk. The apo E four gene is the 74 00:04:06,440 --> 00:04:09,880 Speaker 2: strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's. Twenty five percent of people 75 00:04:09,920 --> 00:04:13,600 Speaker 2: carry one apo E four gene. Carrying two is more rare. 76 00:04:13,760 --> 00:04:16,720 Speaker 2: Only two to three percent of the population carry two copies. 77 00:04:16,920 --> 00:04:19,480 Speaker 2: And Chris Hemsworth comes into that stat He is one 78 00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:20,080 Speaker 2: of those people. 79 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:22,560 Speaker 3: And what does it mean if you're carrying that gene? 80 00:04:22,640 --> 00:04:25,400 Speaker 2: Well, carrying one apo E four gene means that you're 81 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:28,160 Speaker 2: two to three times more likely to develop Alzheimer's than 82 00:04:28,200 --> 00:04:30,960 Speaker 2: someone without the genes, and if you have two, like 83 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:34,479 Speaker 2: in Chris Hemsworth's case, you're eight to twelve times more likely, 84 00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:37,680 Speaker 2: although that number varies based on age and some other factors. 85 00:04:38,440 --> 00:04:40,520 Speaker 2: This doesn't mean though, and I think that this has 86 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:43,040 Speaker 2: been the troubling thing when we've seen some media reporting 87 00:04:43,440 --> 00:04:46,920 Speaker 2: that you will definitely get the disease. It's not a diagnosis. 88 00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:49,880 Speaker 2: It just identifies that you'll be facing a higher risk. 89 00:04:50,720 --> 00:04:52,839 Speaker 3: So I guess now we're in this situation where Chris 90 00:04:52,880 --> 00:04:56,800 Speaker 3: Hemsworth has discovered that he has these riskier genes. What 91 00:04:56,920 --> 00:04:57,880 Speaker 3: happens now, Well, I. 92 00:04:57,880 --> 00:04:59,840 Speaker 2: Think this is the fascinating part because it goes to 93 00:04:59,880 --> 00:05:01,960 Speaker 2: the hard of what it means to have access to 94 00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:05,359 Speaker 2: this kind of genetic testing. Hamsworth said. Finding out he 95 00:05:05,440 --> 00:05:08,640 Speaker 2: has a genetic predisposition to the disease triggered something in him, 96 00:05:08,720 --> 00:05:10,719 Speaker 2: something that made him want to take some time off 97 00:05:10,760 --> 00:05:12,920 Speaker 2: from acting and to be with his wife and kids. 98 00:05:13,520 --> 00:05:16,080 Speaker 2: But in terms of the disease itself, there isn't a 99 00:05:16,080 --> 00:05:19,200 Speaker 2: whole lot that he can do. For starters, knowing you're 100 00:05:19,240 --> 00:05:22,040 Speaker 2: more likely to get Alzheimer's than someone else doesn't really 101 00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:24,920 Speaker 2: help you plan for the disease, because there's still a 102 00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:27,640 Speaker 2: really big variation in the way that the disease manifests 103 00:05:27,640 --> 00:05:31,200 Speaker 2: in different people, even people in the same family. So 104 00:05:31,240 --> 00:05:33,520 Speaker 2: there's no real way of knowing how severe the disease 105 00:05:33,560 --> 00:05:35,960 Speaker 2: will be or when the symptoms might start, if at all. 106 00:05:36,440 --> 00:05:38,760 Speaker 2: There's also no cure for Alzheimer's, and I think this 107 00:05:38,800 --> 00:05:41,719 Speaker 2: is the really significant part. Some question the value in 108 00:05:41,720 --> 00:05:44,120 Speaker 2: genetic testing for the disease at all when there are 109 00:05:44,160 --> 00:05:46,840 Speaker 2: no cures, and it can have, of course a really 110 00:05:46,839 --> 00:05:50,880 Speaker 2: significant psychological burden on the person that is getting that information. 111 00:05:51,800 --> 00:05:55,040 Speaker 2: Experts recommend that any testing is done in close consultation 112 00:05:55,160 --> 00:05:57,000 Speaker 2: with a genetic counselor so. 113 00:05:57,000 --> 00:05:59,680 Speaker 3: There's nothing you can do if you know you have 114 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:01,600 Speaker 3: a predisposition for Alzheimer's. 115 00:06:01,880 --> 00:06:04,880 Speaker 2: Well, there's a growing body of evidence that suggests eliminating 116 00:06:04,920 --> 00:06:08,760 Speaker 2: some risk factors can prevent or delay dementia, which again 117 00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:12,640 Speaker 2: is the umbrella term Alzheimer's falls under. Things like smoking, 118 00:06:12,760 --> 00:06:15,839 Speaker 2: a lack of physical activity, and social isolation can increase 119 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:18,640 Speaker 2: your risk, and so knowing your genetic disposition to a 120 00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:21,320 Speaker 2: disease like this could be a motivator for some people 121 00:06:21,360 --> 00:06:22,839 Speaker 2: to make some lifestyle changes. 122 00:06:23,080 --> 00:06:25,800 Speaker 3: It's a really interesting one. We know that exercise and 123 00:06:25,839 --> 00:06:27,880 Speaker 3: diet and all of those things will lead to better 124 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:31,080 Speaker 3: health outcomes in general, So as a genetic test for 125 00:06:31,120 --> 00:06:35,640 Speaker 3: Alzheimer's and the psychological burden that inevitably goes with it warranted. 126 00:06:35,960 --> 00:06:37,800 Speaker 2: Well, that's why I think it's interesting to think about 127 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:40,800 Speaker 2: when genetic testing is used in a more diagnostic way. So, 128 00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:44,440 Speaker 2: as an example, if you have a mutation in the brackergene, 129 00:06:44,640 --> 00:06:47,640 Speaker 2: it could indicate an increased risk of various forms of cancer, 130 00:06:47,680 --> 00:06:50,960 Speaker 2: in particular breast or a varying cancer. So let's take 131 00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:54,560 Speaker 2: that breast cancer example. Thirteen percent of the general population 132 00:06:54,600 --> 00:06:57,560 Speaker 2: will develop breast cancer in their lifetime, which is just 133 00:06:57,680 --> 00:07:00,720 Speaker 2: an insane number. But fifty five I have to seventy 134 00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:03,200 Speaker 2: two percent of women who inherit a harmful brack of 135 00:07:03,240 --> 00:07:05,839 Speaker 2: one variant will develop breast cancer by seventy to eighty 136 00:07:05,920 --> 00:07:08,760 Speaker 2: years old. So the advice on genetic testing here is 137 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:11,480 Speaker 2: that it's generally recommended for those with the family history 138 00:07:11,480 --> 00:07:14,040 Speaker 2: of the disease or gene mutation to get tested. 139 00:07:14,280 --> 00:07:15,840 Speaker 3: But I guess The key difference here is that there 140 00:07:15,880 --> 00:07:17,920 Speaker 3: are preventative options, right. 141 00:07:18,040 --> 00:07:19,920 Speaker 2: Yeah, So those with the brack of one or two 142 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:23,360 Speaker 2: mutations can consider removal of the breast or the ovaries, 143 00:07:23,360 --> 00:07:26,440 Speaker 2: which of course is a really massive procedure. There are 144 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:29,720 Speaker 2: also non surgical options to There are medications which lower 145 00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:32,840 Speaker 2: your risk of developing breast or ovarying cancer. You can 146 00:07:32,840 --> 00:07:36,040 Speaker 2: increase your regular screenings, and, like with anything, healthy lifestyle 147 00:07:36,120 --> 00:07:36,960 Speaker 2: choices help too. 148 00:07:37,640 --> 00:07:41,440 Speaker 3: We're going to take a short break. We'll be right back, Okay. 149 00:07:41,480 --> 00:07:43,960 Speaker 3: So I understand that in cases where you're identified to 150 00:07:44,040 --> 00:07:47,400 Speaker 3: have a high risk of breast or ovarian cancer, there 151 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:50,400 Speaker 3: are actionable steps that you can take, but in cases 152 00:07:50,440 --> 00:07:53,560 Speaker 3: where you have a high risk of developing Alzheimer's, those 153 00:07:53,600 --> 00:07:57,280 Speaker 3: steps aren't available. Is there value still in finding that 154 00:07:57,320 --> 00:08:00,000 Speaker 3: out if you can't take an action to help you. 155 00:07:59,600 --> 00:08:02,360 Speaker 2: I feel like that's a really personal question and a 156 00:08:02,400 --> 00:08:06,000 Speaker 2: really personal answer. I don't know whether I would want 157 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:07,680 Speaker 2: to find out. It kind of feels like someone in 158 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:09,720 Speaker 2: the office set. It feels like if a psychic were 159 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:11,720 Speaker 2: to tell you when you were going to die, whether 160 00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:14,200 Speaker 2: you'd want that information or not. And obviously there's more 161 00:08:14,240 --> 00:08:16,520 Speaker 2: of a scientific basis to this, But I think that 162 00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:20,840 Speaker 2: it would irreparably change your life and the way that 163 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:23,880 Speaker 2: you do things. And I don't know that i'd want 164 00:08:23,920 --> 00:08:25,080 Speaker 2: to know that, would you. 165 00:08:25,480 --> 00:08:27,960 Speaker 3: I think I would want to know that because I 166 00:08:28,200 --> 00:08:31,560 Speaker 3: would want to behave differently. I mean, if I knew 167 00:08:31,600 --> 00:08:36,000 Speaker 3: that I only had thirty years of cognition because I 168 00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:39,480 Speaker 3: had a higher chance of early onset dementia, perhaps I 169 00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:41,880 Speaker 3: would cram things in a bit earlier. 170 00:08:42,520 --> 00:08:45,439 Speaker 2: What about the effect on your family, because presumably you'd 171 00:08:45,440 --> 00:08:47,840 Speaker 2: tell your loved ones. Do you think that it's fair 172 00:08:47,840 --> 00:08:49,480 Speaker 2: for them to carry that knowledge with them. 173 00:08:50,080 --> 00:08:52,760 Speaker 3: I think you'd have to tell your family because you'd 174 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:55,200 Speaker 3: change your behavior. You'd be acting and living life in 175 00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:57,439 Speaker 3: a different way. I mean, that's the reality of it, right, 176 00:08:57,480 --> 00:09:00,160 Speaker 3: If we knew the course of our life, if we 177 00:09:00,200 --> 00:09:03,280 Speaker 3: could stare into a crystal ball, we'd behave differently. There's 178 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:06,160 Speaker 3: all very well in good saying carp ADM, but you 179 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:08,680 Speaker 3: probably would act differently if you knew that there was 180 00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:12,400 Speaker 3: some sort of danger in the horizon. You couldn't just 181 00:09:12,440 --> 00:09:15,320 Speaker 3: do that without getting everyone clued in on why you're 182 00:09:15,520 --> 00:09:17,880 Speaker 3: suddenly going to Peru and climbing mountains. 183 00:09:18,160 --> 00:09:21,520 Speaker 2: But in saying that, I mean, and in Chris Hemsworth's case, 184 00:09:21,520 --> 00:09:23,319 Speaker 2: and the reason that I pointed out that, I think 185 00:09:23,320 --> 00:09:24,800 Speaker 2: I've had a problem with the way that the media 186 00:09:24,800 --> 00:09:27,000 Speaker 2: has reported it, which is just to say that basically 187 00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:29,720 Speaker 2: he has Alzheimer's or he is one hundred percent getting it. 188 00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:32,640 Speaker 2: There is no certainty he will get it. There's no 189 00:09:32,720 --> 00:09:36,319 Speaker 2: certainty people who get similar tests will get it. How 190 00:09:36,360 --> 00:09:38,040 Speaker 2: do you think about that, Like if you know that 191 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:41,200 Speaker 2: you have a hardened chance, but it doesn't eventuate. 192 00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:43,760 Speaker 3: Well, I think that's the added level of complexity we 193 00:09:43,840 --> 00:09:47,360 Speaker 3: need to bring to this discussion. Is that understanding that 194 00:09:47,559 --> 00:09:51,480 Speaker 3: a it just increases your chances. It's not a guaranteed diagnosis. 195 00:09:51,480 --> 00:09:54,679 Speaker 3: But be Alzheimer's is different in different people. My grandmother 196 00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:58,000 Speaker 3: has Alzheimer's, and she's at the very end of her 197 00:09:58,280 --> 00:10:01,480 Speaker 3: journey through the disease. But even in the ten years 198 00:10:01,559 --> 00:10:04,120 Speaker 3: that she's had it, it has changed so much in 199 00:10:04,160 --> 00:10:07,360 Speaker 3: what ways, I mean, different levels of cognition and memory 200 00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:11,560 Speaker 3: and understanding who we are. And I wish that she 201 00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:14,240 Speaker 3: had a better understanding of what was going to happen 202 00:10:14,280 --> 00:10:18,880 Speaker 3: to her before it did. She spent so much of 203 00:10:19,360 --> 00:10:23,240 Speaker 3: her time worrying about little things and then all of 204 00:10:23,240 --> 00:10:26,040 Speaker 3: a sudden, it felt like to a young Sam, all 205 00:10:26,040 --> 00:10:31,360 Speaker 3: of a sudden, wasn't cognitively able to live independently. And 206 00:10:31,400 --> 00:10:33,560 Speaker 3: I was thinking about her when I was reading this story, 207 00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:36,040 Speaker 3: because I do think that she would have traveled more 208 00:10:36,280 --> 00:10:38,840 Speaker 3: and behaved differently had she known that she was at 209 00:10:38,880 --> 00:10:42,360 Speaker 3: at higher risk. And I guess now, because there are 210 00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:45,000 Speaker 3: genetic elements to it, we all know that we're at 211 00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:48,479 Speaker 3: a slightly high risk as well with a grandparent with Alzheimer's, 212 00:10:48,480 --> 00:10:50,439 Speaker 3: and I think a lot of Australians are having that 213 00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:54,959 Speaker 3: discussion as well right now in their minds, and that 214 00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:56,839 Speaker 3: does play a role in how I think about my life, 215 00:10:56,880 --> 00:10:59,559 Speaker 3: the fact that one of four grandparents has it. It's 216 00:10:59,600 --> 00:11:01,079 Speaker 3: something to consider, and. 217 00:11:01,040 --> 00:11:02,960 Speaker 2: You're right, I think that a lot of people listening 218 00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:06,320 Speaker 2: to this would also be having those conversations and those thoughts. 219 00:11:06,480 --> 00:11:09,719 Speaker 2: And I'd love to know if anyone listening has had 220 00:11:09,760 --> 00:11:12,720 Speaker 2: to make some hard decisions based on some genetic testing. 221 00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:15,880 Speaker 2: Send us a voice message on Instagram if you have 222 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:17,720 Speaker 2: a story you want to share. You know, for me, 223 00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:20,480 Speaker 2: who doesn't face that reality at the moment, at least, 224 00:11:20,720 --> 00:11:22,520 Speaker 2: it's very easy for me to say I wouldn't want 225 00:11:22,559 --> 00:11:25,640 Speaker 2: to know, but everyone's experience is different and would love 226 00:11:25,679 --> 00:11:30,560 Speaker 2: to hear from you. 227 00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:35,360 Speaker 3: That was a damn interesting episode of The Daily Oz. 228 00:11:35,360 --> 00:11:37,360 Speaker 3: Thanks for joining us for that. If you learn something 229 00:11:37,360 --> 00:11:40,040 Speaker 3: from today's episode, don't forget to hit subscribe so there's 230 00:11:40,080 --> 00:11:43,560 Speaker 3: a TDA episode waiting for you every weekday morning. We'll 231 00:11:43,559 --> 00:11:46,080 Speaker 3: be back again tomorrow. Until then, have a great day.