WEBVTT - No Appeal if you're Aboriginal

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<v Speaker 1>Just before nine o'clock last night, the jury returned guilty

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<v Speaker 1>verdicts against all three defendants. It was absolutely shambles, to

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<v Speaker 1>tell you the truth, just absolutely really. Heman blood on

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<v Speaker 1>his clothing the day after the alleged a top on

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<v Speaker 1>a shallow mud bank and it fits through a river. Basically,

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<v Speaker 1>I think most of the people are used to me

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<v Speaker 1>are good people. I think a really important question we

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<v Speaker 1>need to ask is how many Indigenous prisoners in Australia

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<v Speaker 1>are innocent.

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<v Speaker 2>This is Curtain, a podcast where we pull back the

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<v Speaker 2>blinds to shine a light on the darkest parts of

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<v Speaker 2>our justice system and ask who are the victims.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm Amy Maguire and I'm Martin Hodgson, a senior advocate

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<v Speaker 1>for the Foreign Prisoner Support Service. And a warning, this

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<v Speaker 1>series contains the names of deceased peoples and has distressing

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<v Speaker 1>content that might upset some listeners.

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<v Speaker 2>Welcome to Curtain the podcast. A few episodes ago, we

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<v Speaker 2>reported on story of another Aboriginal man Innocent Inside. If

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<v Speaker 2>you haven't heard that episode already, then I suggest you

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<v Speaker 2>go back through on iTunes or Spotify or where you're

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<v Speaker 2>listening now to find that episode and listen to the

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<v Speaker 2>details of the case we're going to be discussing. Derek Bromley,

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<v Speaker 2>as we explained, is an Aboriginal man who's been imprisoned

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<v Speaker 2>for the last thirty five years in Australia. He's maintained

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<v Speaker 2>his innocence that entire time, and all the evidence suggests

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<v Speaker 2>that his innocence is valid and his maintaining of his

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<v Speaker 2>innocence is reflective of what happened that night, that he

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<v Speaker 2>is not guilty of the murder he is convicted of.

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<v Speaker 2>As we spoke about, Derek had recently been rejected by

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<v Speaker 2>the Court of Criminal Appeal in South Australia. At the

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<v Speaker 2>time when we reported on the case, we really hadn't

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<v Speaker 2>had a chance to explain or look at exactly why

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<v Speaker 2>the court had refused to uphold Derek's appeal and grant

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<v Speaker 2>him a chance at a new trial. Now, after a

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<v Speaker 2>couple of months, we've been able to look at what

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<v Speaker 2>happened in the Court of Criminal Appeal, but more importantly

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<v Speaker 2>we've had a chance to read some more of the

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<v Speaker 2>work of doctor Bob Miles from Flinders University, who has

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<v Speaker 2>followed this case. Is an expert in proving the innocence

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<v Speaker 2>of individuals and examining wrongful convictions and particularly at understanding

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<v Speaker 2>where forensic evidence breaks down. And Doctor Miles has had

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<v Speaker 2>some things to say about Derek's case and the rejection

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<v Speaker 2>of his appeal that I think are very timely and

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<v Speaker 2>need to be raised, both in relation to Derek's case

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<v Speaker 2>but also that of Kevin Henry. As Doctor Moles explains,

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<v Speaker 2>in twenty thirteen, South Australia enacted a new statutory right

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<v Speaker 2>of appeal. It was the first major change to appeals

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<v Speaker 2>rights in Australia for one hundred years, and both because

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<v Speaker 2>of the work that doctor Moles has done, the work

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<v Speaker 2>we've done on this podcast and is now being done

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<v Speaker 2>right around Australia. It is quite clear that a large

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<v Speaker 2>number of prisoners are innocent and clearly have been over

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<v Speaker 2>the previous one hundred years, who have never had a

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<v Speaker 2>chance to prove their innocence in a court of law.

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<v Speaker 2>They're not asking simply to walk free. They're asking for

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<v Speaker 2>a trial where all the evidence is presented and experts

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<v Speaker 2>with valid qualifications are called. That's all they're asking for

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<v Speaker 2>and they say that will prove their innocence, so why

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<v Speaker 2>not test it. But as Doctor Moles also points out,

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<v Speaker 2>the recent decision rejecting Derek Bromley's case has not only

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<v Speaker 2>invalidated this new appeal right, but also raised questions about

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<v Speaker 2>rights of appeal in Australia completely. As we mentioned, when

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<v Speaker 2>Derek went to the Court of Appeal, eight experts, including

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<v Speaker 2>two experts brought by the Crown, all agreed in their

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<v Speaker 2>reports that significant errors had been made at Derek's initial

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<v Speaker 2>trial in regards to the evidence that was presented. But

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<v Speaker 2>despite this, despite all these experts both for the defense

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<v Speaker 2>and the Crown, agreeing that significant errors had been made,

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<v Speaker 2>the appeal judges said that even after a careful review,

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<v Speaker 2>they could satisfy themselves that Bromley was actually guilty of

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<v Speaker 2>the offense. What throws this into further disregard is the

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<v Speaker 2>fact that, as we've spoken about on this podcast a

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<v Speaker 2>number of times, the forensic pathologist who performed all the

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<v Speaker 2>pathology work in Derek's trial was one doctor Mannock, the

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<v Speaker 2>now disgraced former head of forensic pathology in South Australia,

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<v Speaker 2>who it is also questioned whether he even has the

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<v Speaker 2>appropriate or ever held the appropriate qualifications to be a

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<v Speaker 2>forensic pathologist. So the errors that he made was significant,

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<v Speaker 2>and it was these errors largely that allowed for Derek

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<v Speaker 2>to be placed at the crime scene and for it

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<v Speaker 2>to be possible for Derek to have committed the crime

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<v Speaker 2>when you know the record of doctor Mannock, as we've

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<v Speaker 2>previously spelled out, case after case where he has been involved,

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<v Speaker 2>has been shown that he has got the forensic work

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<v Speaker 2>completely wrong. As all the experts in this new appeal

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<v Speaker 2>said significant errors were made, and yet Derek has spent

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<v Speaker 2>thirty five years in prison despite all the experts today

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<v Speaker 2>saying significant errors were made. There's also the issue that

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<v Speaker 2>the lead witness against Derek was someone who suffered from schizophrenia,

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<v Speaker 2>who was known to lie, who it has been demonstrated,

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<v Speaker 2>was very susceptible to manipulation by law enforcement and those

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<v Speaker 2>trying to get Derek Bromley. And as we've explained in

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<v Speaker 2>the past, and you need to listen to this in

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<v Speaker 2>the other episode, the police had a reason to be

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<v Speaker 2>going after Derek, and that's because he helped expose the rotten,

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<v Speaker 2>corruption and violent conditions in a prison in South Australia.

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<v Speaker 2>But what is most troubling about Derek's appeal and the

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<v Speaker 2>decision of the judges.

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<v Speaker 1>Is that.

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<v Speaker 2>Those judges allowed the Crown to present additional evidence, new

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<v Speaker 2>evidence that was not shown at Derek's first trial. This

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<v Speaker 2>is almost without precedent, and it was done purely to

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<v Speaker 2>demonstrate that Derek had and I quote doctor Miles here,

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<v Speaker 2>a propensity to commit that type of appellance guilt of

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<v Speaker 2>the offense. Clearly, as doctor Miles suggests, if this was

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<v Speaker 2>so true, why didn't the Crown offer up this evidence

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<v Speaker 2>at Derrek's original trial. The truth is that evidence can't

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<v Speaker 2>be substantiated, there is no weight to it, and it

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<v Speaker 2>should never have been allowed in the appeal. This is

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<v Speaker 2>not what the appeal is supposed to look at. It

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<v Speaker 2>was supposed to look at fresh and compelling evidence that

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<v Speaker 2>would grant Derek a new trial. Fresh and compelling evidence

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<v Speaker 2>was provided by eight experts, two of whom were for

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<v Speaker 2>the Crown. All agreed significant errors had been made. The

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<v Speaker 2>fact that the Crown then resorted to bringing in this

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<v Speaker 2>new evidence, and that the judge has allowed it, will

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<v Speaker 2>now be of review by the High Court. This is

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<v Speaker 2>something we hope the High Court takes very very seriously,

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<v Speaker 2>and a tactic that should not survive because it throws

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<v Speaker 2>into question the possibility of having a fair trial at all.

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<v Speaker 2>Of being able to have a retrial or a trial

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<v Speaker 2>in front of a jury of one's peers. If every

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<v Speaker 2>norm can be broken simply to secure a conviction, above

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<v Speaker 2>all the errors made in Derek's case, Above all the

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<v Speaker 2>evidence that shows he is innocent of this crime. The

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<v Speaker 2>fact that he spent thirty five years in prison where

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<v Speaker 2>both sides agree significant errors were made, where the chief

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<v Speaker 2>forensic pathologist had no qualification to be in that courtroom,

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<v Speaker 2>and has been shown to get forensic report after forensic

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<v Speaker 2>report wrong, is an outrage. Derek Bromley should be freed tomorrow.

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<v Speaker 2>The fact is, though he will require the High Court

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<v Speaker 2>to step in and ensure all Australians are able to

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<v Speaker 2>get a fair retrial and an effective chance at appeal.

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<v Speaker 2>What makes this even more galling is that others have

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<v Speaker 2>been released because of doctor Mannock's dodgy work. They include

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<v Speaker 2>Henry Keoh, whose conviction was quashed on December nineteen, twenty fourteen.

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<v Speaker 2>There is far less compelling evidence against Derek than there

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<v Speaker 2>was against Henry, and yet Henry was rightly freed and

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<v Speaker 2>his murder conviction overturned. More so, Henry was paid compensation

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<v Speaker 2>in the way of two point five million dollars. Yet

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<v Speaker 2>Henry has not served and did not serve anywhere near

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<v Speaker 2>the time Derek has served. Henry and as we say again,

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<v Speaker 2>should have been freed but didn't have the overwhelming weight

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<v Speaker 2>of evidence in his favor as Derek does. So why

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<v Speaker 2>does a black man who has served thirty five years

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<v Speaker 2>in prison remain there when others walk free? Today? I

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<v Speaker 2>think we get further answers when we look to New

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<v Speaker 2>South Wales. It was announced by the Attorney General that

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<v Speaker 2>Kathleen Folbeg, who was found guilty of over the deaths

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<v Speaker 2>of her four children, would have her case subject to

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<v Speaker 2>an inquiry. This is the sort of inquiry we've been

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<v Speaker 2>calling on for Kevin Henry, and also that should examine

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<v Speaker 2>all the cases of people serving significant sentences of decades

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<v Speaker 2>and decades where they maintain their innocence and there are

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<v Speaker 2>doubts as to the forensic evidence. In the case of

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<v Speaker 2>Kathleen Folbeg, all four of her children died as infants.

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<v Speaker 2>In two thousand and three, she was found guilty of

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<v Speaker 2>the murder of three of her children and the manslaughter

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<v Speaker 2>of the fourth. She's always maintained they died of natural causes.

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<v Speaker 2>She's currently serving a minimum of twenty five years behind bars.

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<v Speaker 2>But new forensic evidence suggests it is possible for a

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<v Speaker 2>single family to have multiple deaths attributed to natural causes

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<v Speaker 2>of children who are infants. Now, I don't know the

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<v Speaker 2>forensic evidence well enough to make a call on this

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<v Speaker 2>one way or the other, and I don't offer any

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<v Speaker 2>opinion as to miss Folbegg's guilt or innocence. What I

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<v Speaker 2>do say, however, is that given there is new forensic

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<v Speaker 2>evidence now saying what was previously presented as forensic fact

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<v Speaker 2>is now at least doubtful, if not wrong, then an

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<v Speaker 2>inquiry has rightly been called. The Attorney General said that

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<v Speaker 2>it was with immense difficulty that this decision was made.

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<v Speaker 2>But why is it so difficult for anywhere in Australia,

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<v Speaker 2>any jurisdiction, whether it's South Australia with Derek Brom or

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<v Speaker 2>in New South Wales with this case, for the justice

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<v Speaker 2>system to be willing to do some self reflection and

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<v Speaker 2>see if they've got it wrong in the past, particularly

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<v Speaker 2>when we are talking about forensic science. We know forensic

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<v Speaker 2>science is a fast moving field. We also know significant

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<v Speaker 2>mistakes are made, as we've explained in the past the

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<v Speaker 2>state of Illinois, for example, completely scrapped the use of

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<v Speaker 2>the death penalty because twenty five percent of all men

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<v Speaker 2>on death row in Illinois were found to be innocent

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<v Speaker 2>when a review of their cases was conducted. A quarter

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<v Speaker 2>of the men who were about to be executed had

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<v Speaker 2>in fact not committed any crime at all. More of

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<v Speaker 2>those men that were on death row had serious doubts

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<v Speaker 2>rays as to whether they'd committed the crime because of

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<v Speaker 2>new evidence. So once again in New South Wales we

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<v Speaker 2>at least have the willingness of an inquiry to be called.

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<v Speaker 2>And it's hard not to think this didn't come on

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<v Speaker 2>the back of the ABC's Australian story into the case

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<v Speaker 2>of Miss Folbig. Now what this inquiry determines, I honestly

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<v Speaker 2>have no idea. Again, I offer no opinion as to

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<v Speaker 2>her guilt or innocence. I can only hope that the

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<v Speaker 2>inquiry gets to the truth. Four young children have died

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<v Speaker 2>and they deserve justice, and so does their family. If

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<v Speaker 2>Miss Folbig has been wrongfully convicted because of bogus science,

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<v Speaker 2>she deserves to be released. If the forensics was correct

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<v Speaker 2>in her initial trial, and modern forensic pathologists using the

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<v Speaker 2>latest technology determine that well, then her sentence will remain.

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<v Speaker 2>But you have to ask why is Kevin Henry not

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<v Speaker 2>granted this same opportunity, remembering there is far less doubt

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<v Speaker 2>about the forensics in Kevin Henry's case in Miss Folbigg's

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<v Speaker 2>and I need to say this purely for the education

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<v Speaker 2>and information of our listeners. Miss Fahlbig is a white

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<v Speaker 2>woman in New South Wales. Kevin Henry, like Derek Bromley,

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<v Speaker 2>is aboriginal. Kevin Henry, like Derek Bromley, sees other people

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<v Speaker 2>released when they have more evidence proving their innocence. The

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<v Speaker 2>forensic evidence that is up for debate in Miss Folbigg's case,

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<v Speaker 2>and it will be subject to an inquiry over the

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<v Speaker 2>next six to twelve months, is complex. The forensic evidence

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<v Speaker 2>against Kevin Henry simply does not exist. What forensic evidence

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<v Speaker 2>there is, as we have demonstrated quite clearly in this podcast,

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<v Speaker 2>proves Kevin Henry could not have committed the murder of

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<v Speaker 2>Linda could not have committed. In fact, not a single

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<v Speaker 2>piece of forensic evidence was offered up at Kevin's trial

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<v Speaker 2>to show he committed the murder, not a single piece.

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<v Speaker 2>What was presented was wrong anyway, remember as well, not

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<v Speaker 2>a single witness was called that saw Kevin Henry commit

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<v Speaker 2>a crime, not one, and that is not disputed. So

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<v Speaker 2>why in South Australia has a white man been freed

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<v Speaker 2>and paid two point five million dollars in compensation while Bromley,

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<v Speaker 2>an Aboriginal man in South Australia, has had his appeals

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<v Speaker 2>rejected despite more compelling evidence. Significant errors was the statements

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<v Speaker 2>of all laid experts in Derek Bromley's appeal. Why in

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<v Speaker 2>New South Wales, where there is evidence towards both innocence

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<v Speaker 2>and guilt in the case of Miss Folby, is there

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<v Speaker 2>an inquiry into her case? But in Queensland for Kevin Henry,

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<v Speaker 2>where there is no doubt as to the forensics pointing

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<v Speaker 2>to his innocence, there is no such inquiry. Two Aboriginal

0:18:42.640 --> 0:18:52.520
<v Speaker 2>men no justice, two non Aboriginal Australians getting justice. That

0:18:52.680 --> 0:18:55.920
<v Speaker 2>is why we started curtin the podcast. That is what

0:18:55.960 --> 0:18:59.520
<v Speaker 2>we hoped we wouldn't prove, but what we thought would

0:18:59.520 --> 0:19:04.720
<v Speaker 2>be the case that other innocent Aboriginal people are in prison,

0:19:05.160 --> 0:19:10.240
<v Speaker 2>men and women. The proof of today's episode is not

0:19:10.320 --> 0:19:13.840
<v Speaker 2>that they're not innocent. Derek Bromley and Kevin Henry are

0:19:13.960 --> 0:19:19.240
<v Speaker 2>innocent men. The proof is that every state in Australia

0:19:20.640 --> 0:19:25.400
<v Speaker 2>and the Commonwealth of Australia refuses to even look at

0:19:25.440 --> 0:19:30.399
<v Speaker 2>the evidence against either Derek Bromley or Kevin Henry. And

0:19:30.480 --> 0:19:32.600
<v Speaker 2>I put it to you the reason they will not

0:19:32.800 --> 0:19:37.840
<v Speaker 2>even let that evidence in court, evidence that, if they

0:19:37.880 --> 0:19:40.679
<v Speaker 2>were so sure was accurate, would show these men to

0:19:40.720 --> 0:19:43.920
<v Speaker 2>be guilty, is because they know it shows them not

0:19:44.000 --> 0:19:47.240
<v Speaker 2>to be guilty and proves what we have said from

0:19:47.240 --> 0:19:51.679
<v Speaker 2>the first episode of this series. Kevin Henry is an

0:19:51.800 --> 0:19:58.080
<v Speaker 2>innocent man and joining him in South Australia is innocent

0:19:58.200 --> 0:20:02.919
<v Speaker 2>man Derek Bromley. It's time both of them got inquiries

0:20:03.359 --> 0:20:07.639
<v Speaker 2>into their cases and the sooner they walk free the better.

0:20:10.200 --> 0:20:14.040
<v Speaker 2>That was Curtain the podcast