WEBVTT - What is going on with Iran and Israel?

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<v Speaker 1>Already and this is the Daily This is the Daily. Oh,

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<v Speaker 1>this is the Dahlias.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, now it makes sense.

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<v Speaker 1>Good morning, and welcome to the Daily Os. It's Monday,

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<v Speaker 1>the twenty second of April.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm Sam, i'm zara.

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<v Speaker 1>Over the last few weeks, we've seen Israel and Iran

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<v Speaker 1>directly attack each other for the first time in history.

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<v Speaker 1>We again with breaking news in the Middle East, where

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<v Speaker 1>Israel has reportedly began retaliatory strikes against Iran. We begin

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<v Speaker 1>this morning with that Israeli attack on Iran, a move

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<v Speaker 1>that is threatening to further escalate tensions between the regional foes.

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<v Speaker 2>Just days after Iran launched an unprecedented attack on Israel.

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<v Speaker 2>Tonight our retaliation with fears growing of all out war

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<v Speaker 2>in the Middle East.

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<v Speaker 1>On today's podcast, we're going to look at why direct

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<v Speaker 1>conflicts between these two Middle Eastern nations is so significant,

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<v Speaker 1>the context of tension between these two countries, and why

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<v Speaker 1>the global community is calling for immediate de escalation. Before

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<v Speaker 1>we tackle that deep dive, Zara. What is making headlines

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<v Speaker 1>this morning?

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<v Speaker 2>Thousands of people have attended a candlelight vigil for the

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<v Speaker 2>six victims of the Bondai Junction Westfield stabbing, which of

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<v Speaker 2>course happened last Saturday. Mental health workers were in attendance

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<v Speaker 2>at the gathering at Bondai Beach and attendees were asked

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<v Speaker 2>to bring candles instead of flowers. Six people remain in

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<v Speaker 2>hospital and all are in a stable condition. Before the vigil,

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<v Speaker 2>New South Wales Premier Chris Mins said he hoped the

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<v Speaker 2>event offered survivors some strength from the fact that there's

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<v Speaker 2>many people that are standing with them during this time.

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<v Speaker 1>Over the weekend, Britney Higgins published a statement following last

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<v Speaker 1>week's verdict in the defamation case brought by Bruce Lherman.

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<v Speaker 1>In a statement, Higgins thanked Justice Lee for his quote

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<v Speaker 1>trauma informed approach and said she quote hoped he had

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<v Speaker 1>set a new precedent for how courts considered the testimonies

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<v Speaker 1>of victim survivors sexual assault. Last week, Justice Lee found that,

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<v Speaker 1>on the balance of probabilities, Leherman had sexually assaulted Higgins.

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<v Speaker 1>Lehman has always maintained his innocence.

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<v Speaker 2>Apple says it has been ordered by China's government to

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<v Speaker 2>remove certain meta platforms from the app store in the country.

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<v Speaker 2>According to Reuter's, WhatsApp and threads are being removed. However,

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<v Speaker 2>Meta's other platforms, Facebook, Instagram and Messenger, it will still

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<v Speaker 2>be available in China. Apple said this request came from

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<v Speaker 2>the Cyberspace Administration of China over concerns for national security.

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<v Speaker 1>And some good news for you today to start off

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<v Speaker 1>your week. Although Australia missed out on this year's solar clips,

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<v Speaker 1>the Devil Comet will be visible in the coming week.

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<v Speaker 1>The Devil Comet comes around every seventy one years and

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<v Speaker 1>expected the comet will be the most visible on Thursday

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<v Speaker 1>at around six thirty pm Australian Eastern Standard Time. And

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<v Speaker 1>while it will be visible to the naked eye, it's

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<v Speaker 1>best view through a telescope. And it's called the Devil

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<v Speaker 1>Comet because of a slight green color and what looks

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<v Speaker 1>like two horns when it's traveling across space. So in

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<v Speaker 1>today's deep dive, we're going to try and explain the

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<v Speaker 1>geopolitical tensions between Israel and Iran that have been dominating

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<v Speaker 1>the headlines for a few weeks and give you a

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<v Speaker 1>bit of context to some of the headlines you might

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<v Speaker 1>have seen around. But before we jump into that explainer,

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<v Speaker 1>we did want to acknowledge that there's still an ongoing

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<v Speaker 1>humanitarian crisis in Gaza, when nearly thirty five thousand Palestinian

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<v Speaker 1>people have been killed and over one hundred Israeli hostages remain.

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<v Speaker 2>I do think that that's a really important note to

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<v Speaker 2>start on. Sam and experts did warn that the events

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<v Speaker 2>unfolding both in Israel and in Gaza would have ripple

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<v Speaker 2>effects across the region, and that's now exactly what we're seeing.

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<v Speaker 2>Those tensions between Israel and Iran have existed for decades,

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<v Speaker 2>but not a new thing by any stretch of the imagination,

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<v Speaker 2>but it's certainly come to a head, especially over the

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<v Speaker 2>last month. Why are we talking about Iran and Israel today.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, why don't we start at the end. We'll figure

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<v Speaker 1>out exactly what's just happened and then go back and

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<v Speaker 1>try out how we got there. So on Friday, Israel

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<v Speaker 1>launched a missile attack on Iran in retaliation to a

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<v Speaker 1>previous attack. The IDF launched air strikes near the cities

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<v Speaker 1>of Isfahan and Tabriz, which are in the center of

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<v Speaker 1>the country. Now, the reason why this was such huge

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<v Speaker 1>international news was the fact that it's the first time

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<v Speaker 1>that these two nations have traded strikes directly to each other,

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<v Speaker 1>and we're going to come back to exactly what that means.

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<v Speaker 1>We don't one hundred percent know what Israel hit on Friday,

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<v Speaker 1>whether the strike was against military infrastructure, nuclear infrastructure, or

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<v Speaker 1>something totally different like electricity grids. Now, according to some

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<v Speaker 1>satellite imagery released by a private organization called Umbra Space,

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<v Speaker 1>they've been verified by the BBC, there seems to be

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<v Speaker 1>damaged to in Iranian air base. Important aspects of this

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<v Speaker 1>particular story from Friday is that Isfahan is known as

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<v Speaker 1>the center of Iran's nuclear program. Now, Iranian officials have

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<v Speaker 1>said that their ed offense systems fended off the attack

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<v Speaker 1>and it was a failed attempt by Israel. As for Israel,

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<v Speaker 1>they never comment on foreign operations so have done their

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<v Speaker 1>standard kind of say nothing approach to Friday's activities.

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<v Speaker 2>I think that for many people what you just said

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<v Speaker 2>might have been gibberish. Fair enough, you don't have the

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<v Speaker 2>context to understand why direct conflict between Israel and Iran

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<v Speaker 2>matters so much for not just those two countries, but

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<v Speaker 2>for the region and for the rest of the world.

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<v Speaker 2>Can you just provide a bit of background to these tensions.

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<v Speaker 1>Some of the thickest books I've ever seen have been

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<v Speaker 1>on the tensions between Iran and Israel. I'm not going

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<v Speaker 1>to do it justice by explaining it in thirty seconds,

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<v Speaker 1>but the top line of it is that Israel and

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<v Speaker 1>Iran have had a hostile relationship for many decades. And

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<v Speaker 1>we can go back to the nineteen seventy nine revolution

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<v Speaker 1>in Iran, which installed a conservative Muslim dictatorship, and since

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<v Speaker 1>that point, Iran has questioned the legitimacy of a Jewish

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<v Speaker 1>state and called for its destruction. Now, since Hamas launched

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<v Speaker 1>an attack on Israel on the seventh of October, to

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<v Speaker 1>which Israel responded by declaring war, tensions with other forces,

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<v Speaker 1>including proxies of Iran like Hesbola, have also increased.

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<v Speaker 2>You said the word proxy there, What do you mean

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<v Speaker 2>by that?

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<v Speaker 1>So when we talk about a proxy, we're talking about

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<v Speaker 1>a group that is acting on behalf of another. So

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<v Speaker 1>in this case, Hesbola is funded, armed and trained by

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<v Speaker 1>the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in Iran, and there are

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<v Speaker 1>many groups around the world in a similar situation. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>the idea of having proxy forces is not unique to Iran.

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<v Speaker 1>There have been proxy wars all throughout history, including during

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<v Speaker 1>the Cold War when the US and the Soviet Union

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<v Speaker 1>were both fighting a battle through proxies, and one of

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<v Speaker 1>the ones that might come to mind straightaway is Vietnam

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<v Speaker 1>for example.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, so these tensions have existed for a long time,

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<v Speaker 2>but all of that came to a head earlier this

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<v Speaker 2>month in Syria. What happened this is now the beginning

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<v Speaker 2>of the latest chapter.

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<v Speaker 1>That's kind of how we got to Friday. Now. In April, first,

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<v Speaker 1>Iran accused Israel of striking its embassy complex in Damascus,

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<v Speaker 1>which is the capital of Syria. Now, like Hesbala in Lebanon,

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<v Speaker 1>Syria's current regime relies on support from Iranian forces. The

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<v Speaker 1>country is embroiled in this long running civil war between

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<v Speaker 1>Syrian President Bashar al Asad his forces and rebel opponents. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>Iran said seven people, including three senior commanders, were killed

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<v Speaker 1>in that strike, and one of the officers killed was

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<v Speaker 1>a senior Iranian commander. His name was Mohammad Rida Zahadi.

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<v Speaker 1>He was the leader of Iranian forces spread across Syria, Lebanon,

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<v Speaker 1>and Palestine. Now the Iranian Foreign Ministry condemned the attack.

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<v Speaker 1>They described it as brutal aggression and blamed Israel. In

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<v Speaker 1>a statement, the Iranian Foreign Minister said Israel's Prime Minister

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<v Speaker 1>Benjamin Nana, who quote had lost his mental balance, and

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<v Speaker 1>the foreign minister called for a serious response against Israel.

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<v Speaker 2>And so they said there would be a serious response.

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<v Speaker 2>And then eventually Iran did respond, and that was very,

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<v Speaker 2>very significant because that marked the first time that Iran

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<v Speaker 2>had ever directly attacked Israel in its history.

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<v Speaker 1>What happened, Yeah, so Iran had its embassy complex hit

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<v Speaker 1>in Syria. They said we're going to respond, and respond

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<v Speaker 1>they did, and so the weekend before last Iran fired

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<v Speaker 1>three hundred drones towards Israel. Now, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard

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<v Speaker 1>Corps confirmed it had launched quote dozens of drones and missiles,

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<v Speaker 1>and the air strikes involved a mix of unmann droned,

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<v Speaker 1>ballistic and cruise missiles. Now, according to the US and Israel,

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<v Speaker 1>these were launched from locations scattered across Iran, Iraq, Syria,

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<v Speaker 1>and Yemen. And this is when the proxy power of

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<v Speaker 1>Iran kind of comes into play here, the fact that

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<v Speaker 1>they come from all of those different nations. Now, these

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<v Speaker 1>missiles took hours to land, but most of them were

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<v Speaker 1>stopped by air defenses. The Israeli Defense Forces said about

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<v Speaker 1>ninety nine percent of the air missiles and drones were intercepted.

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<v Speaker 1>They said they struck down the majority of the missiles

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<v Speaker 1>with support from the US, the UK, and France, and

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<v Speaker 1>that should give you a bit of a flavor of

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<v Speaker 1>how quickly this could escalate to be a more global conflict.

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<v Speaker 1>The IDF did acknowledge that only a few ballistic missiles

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<v Speaker 1>crossed into Israeli territory. Authorities said there was minor damage

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<v Speaker 1>to an air force base in southern Israel and one

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<v Speaker 1>child was injured.

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<v Speaker 2>And from there it was a bit of a waiting game.

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<v Speaker 2>We knew Israel was likely to retaliate against Iran, given

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<v Speaker 2>that it was the first time that they had been

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<v Speaker 2>directly attacked by the country, but we didn't know what

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<v Speaker 2>form that would take, and it was kind of like

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<v Speaker 2>there were lots of different reports about when it would happen,

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<v Speaker 2>how it would happen. It did happen on Friday, our time,

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<v Speaker 2>as we have already explained about.

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<v Speaker 1>That's how we charted it at the top.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so how has the international community reacted to what's

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<v Speaker 2>happened here?

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<v Speaker 1>Well? US President Joe Biden had before all of this.

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<v Speaker 1>On Friday, instructed Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Nanna, who to

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<v Speaker 1>quote take the win.

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<v Speaker 2>What does that mean?

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<v Speaker 1>Well, basically, Biden's perspective was that Israel had come out

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<v Speaker 1>of that Iranian missile attack on Israeli territory largely unscathed

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<v Speaker 1>with the help of US forces, and that what the

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<v Speaker 1>world needed right now was everyone to.

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<v Speaker 2>Calm down, so a de escalation.

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<v Speaker 1>I know this is trivializing a very serious topic, but

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<v Speaker 1>almost what Biden was saying there was quit while you're ahead.

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<v Speaker 1>But in direct response to the strike by Israel on

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<v Speaker 1>Iran on Friday, a US official told Axios, which is

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<v Speaker 1>a news outlet in the US, quote we were not surprised,

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<v Speaker 1>and that the US was continuing to urge Israel to

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<v Speaker 1>quote be careful in its response. We also got a

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<v Speaker 1>statement from the International Atomic Energy Agency, which is the

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<v Speaker 1>UN's nuclear watchdog. It said it is quote monitoring the

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<v Speaker 1>situation very closely and urged extreme restraint from everybody. It

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<v Speaker 1>added that nuclear facilities should never be at target in

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<v Speaker 1>military conflicts.

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<v Speaker 2>And then what about Australia, what did we say?

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<v Speaker 1>Well, in a similar vein to the US, EU and

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<v Speaker 1>many Middle Eastern nations. Australia is calling on both sides

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<v Speaker 1>to exercise restraint. We heard from the Acting Foreign Minister,

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<v Speaker 1>Katie Gallagher yesterday. She asked both parties to quote step

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<v Speaker 1>back and said Australia quote remains extremely concerned about the

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<v Speaker 1>potential for miscalculation and further escalation of conflict in the region.

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<v Speaker 1>I think miscalculation is a really troubling word to be

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<v Speaker 1>using in this sort of setting at the moment. Australia

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<v Speaker 1>also updated its travel advice for those in Israel and

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<v Speaker 1>Iran on Friday via their Smart Traveler service. There is

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<v Speaker 1>currently a do not travel instruction for Iran and a

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<v Speaker 1>reconsider your need to travel for Israel as quote, regional

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<v Speaker 1>tensions are high and the security situation could deteriorate quickly

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<v Speaker 1>with little or known notice.

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<v Speaker 2>And so on that note. What does happen from here, Well,

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<v Speaker 2>I think the.

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<v Speaker 1>Big thing we've learned from the last of two weeks

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<v Speaker 1>is that both sides now have shown us they have

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<v Speaker 1>the capability to send missiles to each other's territories.

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<v Speaker 2>But equally, both sides have the ability to protect themselves

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<v Speaker 2>from those.

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<v Speaker 1>Missiles definitely, and that kind of answers a lot of

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<v Speaker 1>hypothetical questions the international community has had for a number

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<v Speaker 1>of decades now in terms of what happens directly next.

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<v Speaker 1>There is no clear indication from Iran that it plans

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<v Speaker 1>to strike back to Israel imminently. In a statement to Reuter's,

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<v Speaker 1>Iran's Foreign ministry did not directly attribute the attack to

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<v Speaker 1>Israel by name, and Reuter's commented that by not directly

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<v Speaker 1>calling out Israel as the perpetrator of that missile strike,

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<v Speaker 1>it kind of removes the need for Iran to retaliate.

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<v Speaker 1>An Iranian official said quote, the foreign source of the

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<v Speaker 1>incident has not been confirmed. We have not received any

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<v Speaker 1>external attack, and the discussion leans more towards infiltration than attack.

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<v Speaker 1>And by putting that statement out there, what they're doing

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<v Speaker 1>is they are allowing the temperature to come down a

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<v Speaker 1>little bit in this crisis. I'm not showing the international

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<v Speaker 1>community that they're going to respond right away. However, as

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<v Speaker 1>we've said throughout this podcast, this is an incredibly unpredictable situation.

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<v Speaker 2>Thanks for joining us on today's episode of The Daily Oz.

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<v Speaker 2>We'll be back again tomorrow morning, but until then, have

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<v Speaker 2>a great day.

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<v Speaker 1>My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda

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<v Speaker 1>Bungelung Caalcuttin woman from Gadighl country. The Daily oz acknowledges

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<v Speaker 1>that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the

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<v Speaker 1>Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres

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<v Speaker 1>Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the

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<v Speaker 1>first peoples of these countries, both past and present.