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Speaker 1: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda

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Speaker 1: Bunjelung Calcoton woman from Gadighl country. The Daily os acknowledges

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Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the

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Speaker 1: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and torrest

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Speaker 1: Right island and nations. We pay our respects to the

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Speaker 1: first peoples of these countries, both past and present.

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Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily Ours. It's Friday,

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Speaker 2: the twenty third of June.

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Speaker 3: I'm Zara Friday, I'm sam.

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Speaker 2: On this day, seven years ago, the UK voted to

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Speaker 2: leave the European Union.

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Speaker 1: A united kingdom deeply divided every area in Scotland and

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Speaker 1: in Northern Ireland.

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Speaker 2: They went for remain in a referendum that divided Old

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Speaker 2: from Young Scotland and Northern Ireland from England and the

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Speaker 2: Prime Minister from his job. Fifty two percent of voters

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Speaker 2: agreed that the UK was better off outside.

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Speaker 3: The Elio protests outside Parliament on the day Britain should

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Speaker 3: have I've left the European Union.

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Speaker 2: So reality is actually hitting in that we have actually

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Speaker 2: left a year. We're going to be joined by TVA

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Speaker 2: journalist Tom Crowley in today's deep dive to look at

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Speaker 2: what happened then and what's happened since the first am

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Speaker 2: what's in the news today.

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Speaker 3: Almost one quarter of businesses experienced a cybersecurity attack in

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Speaker 3: the twenty twenty one to twenty two financial year. That's

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Speaker 3: new findings from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This more

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Speaker 3: than doubled the eight percent figure from the twenty nineteen

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Speaker 3: to twenty financial year. The majority of attacks were scam

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Speaker 3: or fraud incidents, followed by a militia, software and unauthorized use.

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Speaker 2: At least thirty seven people have been injured following an

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Speaker 2: explosion that sparked a fire at a building in central Paris.

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Speaker 2: Over two hundred firefighters were called to the scene, which

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Speaker 2: was believed to be caused by a gas explosion. Four

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Speaker 2: people are in a critical condition.

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Speaker 3: A US government agency has sued Amazon over allegations the

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Speaker 3: tech company quote knowingly duped millions of people into Amazon Prime.

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Speaker 3: The Fair Trade Commission claims Amazon tricks customers into signing

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Speaker 3: up to automatically renewing subscriptions. Amazons say they make it

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Speaker 3: clear and simple for customers to use or cancel a

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Speaker 3: Prime membership.

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Speaker 2: And the good news. A rare all white whale has

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Speaker 2: been spotted off the coast of Queensland. The whale was

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Speaker 2: heading north when it was located near the wit Sundays

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Speaker 2: on the central Queensland coast. The sighting has spurred speculation

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Speaker 2: the whale could be Migeloo, a white whale that hasn't

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Speaker 2: been seen since twenty twenty. Tom, welcome back to the

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Speaker 2: pod on an exciting days. Seven years since bregsit happened?

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Speaker 4: Seven years I'm getting so old, Sara. How has it

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Speaker 4: been seven years since Bresit's wild?

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Speaker 2: Let's talk through it. Cast our minds back to twenty sixteen.

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Speaker 2: What was Brexit and how on earth did this thing

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Speaker 2: come about?

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Speaker 4: Exit means Britain exit from the European Union. The European

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Speaker 4: Union is a political and economic union of twenty seven countries.

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Speaker 4: What it was twenty eight of course, until Britain left.

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Speaker 4: For people who know their history, a lot of wars

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Speaker 4: have been fought between the countries of Europe, and coming

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Speaker 4: out of World War One and then World War II,

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Speaker 4: there was this desire to well never have a repeat

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Speaker 4: of that, and a theory that the way to achieve

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Speaker 4: that would be to basically all join the union together

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Speaker 4: to move closer together as countries, and so the countries

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Speaker 4: of Europe formed this kind of what is a lot

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Speaker 4: more than any other alliance that we have anywhere in

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Speaker 4: the world. We have a lot of global talk fests

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Speaker 4: like the UN and the G twenty where leaders get

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Speaker 4: together and chat. The E is more than that. It

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Speaker 4: has a government, It has a parliament, It passes laws.

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Speaker 4: It has power over the members who join the EU,

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Speaker 4: and they make decisions as a collective. In exchange for that,

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Speaker 4: they get a lot of benefits, so they can trade

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Speaker 4: freely with one another. People could move free between European countries.

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Speaker 4: Some of them share a currency, the Euro, not not

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Speaker 4: all of them, but there are lots of ways that

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Speaker 4: the members of the EU have a lot in common.

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Speaker 4: I guess the important flip side of that, to highlight

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Speaker 4: is that it does take away some power from the

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Speaker 4: national governments of these countries like France and Germany and

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Speaker 4: the UK. And there has always been a bit of

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Speaker 4: reservation in all countries in the EU about that, about

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Speaker 4: losing some of that power to a centralized government in Europe.

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Speaker 4: But I think it's fair to say that that strain

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Speaker 4: of kind of anti EU sentiment has always been particularly

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Speaker 4: strong in the UK and that's what led in twenty

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Speaker 4: sixteen to this referendum where the people of the United

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Speaker 4: Kingdom were asked basically, should we stay or should we go?

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Speaker 2: You mentioned the word referendum there, and obviously in Australia

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Speaker 2: that's been in the news a lot. We've got a

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Speaker 2: referendum at the end of this year about whether a

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Speaker 2: voice to Parliament should be enshrined in our constitution. This

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Speaker 2: is obviously a different examples. So can you just run

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Speaker 2: us through how the Brexit referendum actually worked.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, so the rules are slightly different in the UK.

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Speaker 4: I guess the first thing is that it's optional, whereas

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Speaker 4: our system is compulsory, so not everyone had to vote,

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Speaker 4: and there's no sort of special system. In Australia, we

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Speaker 4: have quite complicated rules about the you know, the high

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Speaker 4: bar that is required for a referendum to pass. In

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Speaker 4: the UK, it was just a simple majority, you just

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Speaker 4: had to get past fifty percent, and the Leave case

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Speaker 4: did that. They got to just under fifty two percent,

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Speaker 4: so very very close, a very divided country, but fifty

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Speaker 4: two percent was enough. And I guess it's interesting to

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Speaker 4: note that there were some really clear splits across the UK.

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Speaker 4: What makes the UK quite a unique place is that

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Speaker 4: it's actually made up of four countries. England, Wales, Scotland

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Speaker 4: and Northern Ireland together make up the UK, and they

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Speaker 4: were very very different results. So England and Wales were

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Speaker 4: very strongly in favor of leaving, and Scotland and Northern

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Speaker 4: Ireland were very much in favor of remaining. But even

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Speaker 4: within that there were urban voters were much more likely

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Speaker 4: to want to stay. Younger voters and so as a result,

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Speaker 4: you know, the city of London and other cities kind

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Speaker 4: of tended to vote remain. But really the vote to

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Speaker 4: leave was driven in large part by rural England. Older voters.

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Speaker 4: Rural voters tended to push this Brexit campaign over the line,

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Speaker 4: and in the end, of course, it was a vote

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Speaker 4: to leave, So.

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Speaker 2: There was a vote, but after that it was a

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Speaker 2: hell of a bumpy road. It took over three and

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Speaker 2: a half years of negotiations and two more prime ministers

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Speaker 2: before the UK actually left the EU. What was the

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Speaker 2: political story post Brexit?

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Speaker 4: Well, you're right, Zara, it was chaos. I mean, I

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Speaker 4: think the first thing to say probably is that the

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Speaker 4: result took people by surprise. I think I remember even

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Speaker 4: people who were running the Leave campaign, I don't think

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Speaker 4: they really had planned for a scenario where they won.

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Speaker 4: And I guess it turned out that this was actually

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Speaker 4: such a simple process. It took years and years of negotiating.

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Speaker 4: It claimed the Koreas really of several prime ministers one

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Speaker 4: way or another. David Cameron who was the Prime minister

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Speaker 4: when the referendum first happened, he campaigned to stay, and

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Speaker 4: following the result he left. Theresa May followed. She had

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Speaker 4: a lot of difficulty and then she left as well.

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Speaker 4: Boris Johnson really struggled to get bregsit over the line.

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Speaker 4: He ended up sort of falling down for a bunch

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Speaker 4: of other reasons. But you know, Brexit was a big

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Speaker 4: part of his prime ministership as well. It's taken a

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Speaker 4: very very long time and it's been so politically thorny

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Speaker 4: that it has threatened to really tear apart the UK altogether.

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Speaker 4: That's the other part of this is that as I say,

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Speaker 4: Scotland and Northern Ireland voted very strongly to remain. They

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Speaker 4: were very very annoyed it essentially being forced to leave

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Speaker 4: by England, and so the pushes in both of those

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Speaker 4: countries for independence from the United Kingdom or in the

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Speaker 4: case of Northern Ireland, to join the Republic of Ireland

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Speaker 4: have gotten a lot stronger on the back of Brexit.

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Speaker 4: So it had huge ramifications in a political sense.

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Speaker 2: On the economic front, what's happened post Brexit to the UK.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, it's been fairly bad news for the economy as well.

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Speaker 4: I think it's fair to say. I mean, there are

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Speaker 4: lots of things that have been difficult for the UK's

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Speaker 4: economy in the last few years, including the pandemic, including

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Speaker 4: some of the same inflation challenges that all of us face.

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Speaker 4: So it can't be sheeted all down to Brexit, but

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Speaker 4: it's been a really, really difficult period for the UK economy.

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Speaker 4: They've been pretty stagnant since and in particular, again it

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Speaker 4: came back to this idea that you could trade freely

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Speaker 4: within Europe and now they can't do that, you know,

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Speaker 4: trading freely within Europe. That's bad news for you if

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Speaker 4: you're making say, you know, halloomi in England and you

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Speaker 4: have to compete with the hallumi producers.

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Speaker 3: Niche.

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Speaker 4: It is niche, but you know, Cyprus and and Greece,

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Speaker 4: where they make a lot of really good hallooming and

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Speaker 4: you've got to compete with them, and they can trade

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Speaker 4: freely into England and it's not great news for you,

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Speaker 4: but for British exporters, for people who are making good

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Speaker 4: British products, you get free access to all of Europe.

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Speaker 4: And one of the big export industries actually in the

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Speaker 4: UK was finance. You think of the city of London

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Speaker 4: and all the kind of you know, financial types who

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Speaker 4: live in London. That's a huge part of the UK's economy.

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Speaker 4: Was this kind of financial gateway for Americans and for

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Speaker 4: the whole world into Europe, and all of that got

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Speaker 4: a lot harder and so from an economic perspective, you know, Breggs,

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Speaker 4: it was really difficult. But I think it's worth saying

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Speaker 4: at this point because I'm conscious that this sort of

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Speaker 4: sounds like a lot of negatives that I'm listing here,

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Speaker 4: but I think it's important to recognize that that was

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Speaker 4: sort of Foreseene and Breggs. It was chosen anyway. You know,

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Speaker 4: there were some efforts from the Leave campaign to suggest

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Speaker 4: that actually it would be okay for the economy, but

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Speaker 4: in the end it was about something more than that,

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Speaker 4: and it was almost kind of, you know, forget about

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Speaker 4: the consequences for the economy. It was about making a

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Speaker 4: particular statement. I think in a sense, you know, the

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Speaker 4: UK was kind of having a bit of an existential crisis.

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Speaker 2: How am I?

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Speaker 4: Yeah, well, yeah, it's ok. You go back to the

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Speaker 4: nineteen forties fifties, end of World War Two and the

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Speaker 4: UK has been this enormous world power with a massive empire,

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Speaker 4: and then that all crumbles. You then get into the

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Speaker 4: eighties in Britain and there's this massive economic devastation. You

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Speaker 4: know sometimes in fame, anyone who's watched the Crown might

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Speaker 4: have seen the coal miners strikes in that period of time.

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Speaker 4: Manufacturing coal mining jobs that had been the backbone for

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Speaker 4: a lot of rural England too would eventually vote for Brexit.

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Speaker 4: Those jobs went and there was this sense of you know,

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Speaker 4: who are we as a nation? And the Leave campaign

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Speaker 4: I think effectively managed to channel that sort of anger

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Speaker 4: at these bureaucrats in the EU telling us what to do.

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Speaker 4: I think it was one of the Leave campaigners who

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Speaker 4: said the British people are sick and tired of experts.

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Speaker 4: During the Brexit campaign, that was kind of one of

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Speaker 4: the famous lines, and I think that kind of some

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Speaker 4: it up. It wasn't about you know, is this going

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Speaker 4: to be good or bad for the economy. It really

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Speaker 4: was a political statement that I think was the driving

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Speaker 4: factor behind that vote.

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Speaker 2: I mean, you're picking up there on a sentiment that

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Speaker 2: existed within the UK and clearly enough people felt it.

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Speaker 2: How are people feeling now about Brexit seven years on?

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Speaker 4: There is some they call it regret or regrets it.

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Speaker 2: I don't think either of those work, but you do.

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Speaker 4: Try saying them five times fast, so there is some

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Speaker 4: of that Brexit remorse. I think it was a recent

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Speaker 4: poll that suggested fifty six percent of people in Great

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Speaker 4: Britain thought it was wrong to leave. Now, if you

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Speaker 4: remember that the vote was fifty two forty eight, that's

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Speaker 4: a small jump about eight percent of people maybe who've

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Speaker 4: changed their minds since. So certainly some people who perhaps

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Speaker 4: have seen how messy it all was as it played

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Speaker 4: out and how much of a turbulent political and economic

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Speaker 4: period it's been and feel a little bit of regregs

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Speaker 4: whatever it was, regregsit. But you know, still, obviously that's

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Speaker 4: forty four percent who are still in favor whatever has

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Speaker 4: happened since. Again, as I say, I think that this

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Speaker 4: was a really complicated vote and a complicated national moment

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Speaker 4: that it's very difficult to distill simply. It's a difficult time,

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Speaker 4: and I think there are still a lot of people

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Speaker 4: who look really favorably to the Brexit result as an

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Speaker 4: example of taking control and trying to reassert some British

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Speaker 4: authority and autonomy. I think that that was really where

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Speaker 4: that push came from. So it would be really wrong

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Speaker 4: to suggest that absolutely everybody regrets for Exit. But if

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Speaker 4: you were to run the referendum again today probably would

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Speaker 4: get a different result.

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Speaker 2: Tom Thanks for joining us and making me feel old.

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Speaker 4: Thanks Sarah, I'll be back in a few months, I

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Speaker 4: guess to talk about how it's been seven years since

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Speaker 4: Trump got elected as well.

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Speaker 3: Thanks for joining us on the AliOS today. If you

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Speaker 3: learn something from today's episode, don't forget to subscribe so

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Speaker 3: there's a TDA episode waiting for you every morning. We'll

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Speaker 3: be back again tomorrow. Until then, have a great day.