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Speaker 1: Already and this is the daily This is the daily.

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Speaker 2: Ohs oh, now it makes sense. Good morning and welcome

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Speaker 2: to the Daily Ours. It's Monday, the twenty fourth of November.

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Speaker 2: I'm Emma Gillespie.

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Speaker 3: I'm Lucy Tassel.

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Speaker 2: A landmark report from the United Nations Children's Fund aka

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Speaker 2: UNISEF has found that young people are experiencing concerningly high

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Speaker 2: rates of discrimination. They're feeling increasingly disconnected from their communities

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Speaker 2: and concerned about their futures, while developmental outcomes also show

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Speaker 2: the youngest ossies are falling the furthest behind.

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Speaker 3: By the time they start school. Only half of Australian

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Speaker 3: children are meeting key developmental metrics including physical, health, social

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Speaker 3: and cognitive outcomes. That's according to unisef's findings.

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Speaker 2: So what are the barriers to better outcomes and what

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Speaker 2: needs needs to change?

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Speaker 1: Well?

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Speaker 2: To find out more, we are speaking to an expert today,

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Speaker 2: Nicole Breeze. Nicole is UNICEF Australia's Chief Advocate for Children

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Speaker 2: and she joins me now. Nicole Breese, welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 4: Thank you so much, Emma. It's great to be here.

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Speaker 2: Thank you for joining us. Today. We are talking about

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Speaker 2: UNICEF's inaugural Report on the Lives of Young Australians. Before

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Speaker 2: we dig into the findings, can you give us a

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Speaker 2: top line explainer on the purpose and the scope of

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Speaker 2: this report.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, every child in every family and every community is

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Speaker 1: born with the potential to thrive if they get the

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Speaker 1: right supports, and Australia has all of the conditions for

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Speaker 1: this to be one of the best places in the

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Speaker 1: world for children and young.

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Speaker 4: People to grow up. What our report does is bring

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Speaker 4: together data from one hundred different sources and we've also

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Speaker 4: listened extensively to young Australians and to children as young

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Speaker 4: as three throughout the process. And really the report is

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Speaker 4: a tool for action, Emma. It really helps us to

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Speaker 4: see the whole picture for children and young people across

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Speaker 4: all the aspects of their lives which are important, and

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Speaker 4: helps us understand how they're going.

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Speaker 2: What have young people told you is most important to them?

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Speaker 2: What do they care about?

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Speaker 4: Well, when you listen to teens Australian teens, the most

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Speaker 4: significant thing on their mind when they think about their

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Speaker 4: future is financial security and housing security. When they think ahead,

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Speaker 4: this is the number one concern occupying their minds. So

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Speaker 4: that's really front and center for our young people at

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Speaker 4: this point in time.

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Speaker 2: I was startled by a start about exactly what you've

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Speaker 2: described housing affordability. That forty one percent of young people

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Speaker 2: said that they would want to make housing more affordable

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Speaker 2: if they were in charge. What's the impact of young

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Speaker 2: people carrying such adult burdens. I suppose at such a

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Speaker 2: very early stage of their life. You know, you would

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Speaker 2: think most young people hopefully wouldn't be thinking about those

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Speaker 2: kinds of things.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, I mean, I think really it really is worrying

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Speaker 4: and it's a wake up call for us. You know.

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Speaker 4: The other thing that struck me, and this is is

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Speaker 4: less than one third of our young people describe themselves

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Speaker 4: as very optimistic about the next five years. So that's

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Speaker 4: only only one in three. So and I think you're right, Emma.

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Speaker 4: You know, with these type of this sense of burden

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Speaker 4: and there's challenging issues on their minds. So what we

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Speaker 4: can see is that this is weighing them down and

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Speaker 4: it's denting their optimism and outlook for the future.

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Speaker 2: The report says that Australia has all the economic, social

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Speaker 2: and political conditions needed for every child to thrive, but

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Speaker 2: the findings paint a picture that tells us not every

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Speaker 2: child is thriving and in fact far from it. What

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Speaker 2: are some of the key disconnects there? Can you tell

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Speaker 2: us about the key findings around inequalities?

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Speaker 4: Yeah, absolutely so. I think what you can see through

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Speaker 4: this research is that unfortunately, life is getting harder for

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Speaker 4: children and young people who are already facing significant challenges.

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Speaker 4: So one of the most startling findings in the report,

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Speaker 4: or stats in the report, for me, is that children

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Speaker 4: who are living in out of home care, we know

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Speaker 4: the vast majority of these children and young people are

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Speaker 4: in fact Aboriginal and Tory, straight up islander children and

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Speaker 4: young people. About a third of them will become homeless

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Speaker 4: within a year. So for me, that's really illustrative of

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Speaker 4: this sort of thing that we're seeing that for those

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Speaker 4: already encountering challenges, things are getting harder. But what I'd

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Speaker 4: add to that, Emma, is that we're actually seeing emerging

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Speaker 4: challenges right across the population here, you know, things from

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Speaker 4: escalating mental health concerns really across all households, across all demographics.

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Speaker 4: You know, more than about one in five teens now

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Speaker 4: are reporting high levels of psychological distress. There are other

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Speaker 4: sets of trends, but you know, I think this is

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Speaker 4: the key thing. It's getting harder for those already experiencing challenges,

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Speaker 4: but we're seeing these challenges now being accounted much more

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Speaker 4: and more broadly. If I can come to your question

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Speaker 4: on the disconnect here, and you're absolutely right. You know,

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Speaker 4: we've got accessible health and education systems, we've got a

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Speaker 4: resilient economy. But I think what we aren't necessarily getting

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Speaker 4: right all the time. Firstly, it's our focus on prevention,

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Speaker 4: early intervention, and ensuring that all children, regardless of their postcode,

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Speaker 4: who they are, where they live, them and their families

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Speaker 4: are able to connect with accessible support early in life

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Speaker 4: when they need it. So that's one of the key

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Speaker 4: things that I think we've got to look at changing

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Speaker 4: the dial on.

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Speaker 2: That figure about First Nations youth homelessness is particularly startling.

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Speaker 2: Many experts, researchers, politicians continue to ask, you know why

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Speaker 2: these gaps persist despite years of policy attention. Did your

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Speaker 2: report glean any light on that issue?

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Speaker 4: We know that you know, there are so many strengths

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Speaker 4: in our First Nations communities, connection to culture, to family,

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Speaker 4: to identity, and we know that the solutions here lie

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Speaker 4: in really the ability of First Nations communities to be

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Speaker 4: highly engaged in the design of policies, programs and support

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Speaker 4: systems that are intended to provide the necessary support. So

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Speaker 4: I'm not sure that our report has shed anything any

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Speaker 4: new lights on what needs to happen, but again it

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Speaker 4: just reveals through the sort of statistics that we're still

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Speaker 4: we've still got a way to go in terms of

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Speaker 4: really getting this targeting right and respecting and enabling the

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Speaker 4: leadership from our First Nations communities.

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Speaker 2: You've also shared some data with TDA about safety and belonging,

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Speaker 2: which I found fascinating. One in three young people feel

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Speaker 2: they don't belong in their community most all of the time.

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Speaker 2: What does that mean in practical terms?

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Speaker 4: You know, I think also what young Australians are reporting

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Speaker 4: is that thirty percent of them have experienced discrimination. That

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Speaker 4: sort of percentage gets a bit higher when we're looking

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Speaker 4: at First Nations communities that's forty one percent. And also

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Speaker 4: children and young people with a disability. So I think

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Speaker 4: when sort of probed a bit as to what's going

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Speaker 4: on here, children and young people talk about sort of

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Speaker 4: the most significant reasons for that, you know, they're sort

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Speaker 4: of encountering comments and discrimination about physical appearance, about race,

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Speaker 4: about age, and about gender, And what we know is

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Speaker 4: a sense of belonging is just so vital to children

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Speaker 4: and young people's well being, and it's so critical that

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Speaker 4: we get this right. And I think, you know, these

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Speaker 4: challenges do start to translate for us in some of

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Speaker 4: these issues we're seeing with escalating mental health concerns amongst

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Speaker 4: our children and young people as well. I think these

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Speaker 4: dimensions are so closely correlated.

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Speaker 2: When we think about, you know, vulnerable young people minority groups.

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Speaker 2: Is there any findings relating to gender diverse and LGBTQ

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Speaker 2: plus children and the impacts of perhaps the retric that

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Speaker 2: maybe they're seeing in the media over recent years, the

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Speaker 2: kind of harmful conversations going on on the more conservative

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Speaker 2: side of politics.

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Speaker 1: Perhaps, Yeah.

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Speaker 4: Look, I think unfortunately our LGBTQA plus young people are

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Speaker 4: reporting higher rates of discrimination in our research as well,

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Speaker 4: and in a recent survey that was run by eighteen

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Speaker 4: and amazing organizations supporting the well being of young people

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Speaker 4: in that community, only about a quarter of young people

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Speaker 4: who identify as sexually or gender diverse described themselves as

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Speaker 4: out to most or all of their families. So again,

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Speaker 4: I think this does kind of indicate to us that

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Speaker 4: we have got more to do with respect to really

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Speaker 4: recognizing the importance of culture and identity and diversity for

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Speaker 4: all of our young people as so central to healthy

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Speaker 4: development and well being.

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Speaker 2: So we've heard some really concerning outcomes and attitudes regarding

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Speaker 2: the social conditions of life for young Aussies across a

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Speaker 2: really broad age group. But I'm interested in hearing a

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Speaker 2: bit about unicf's ideas for what comes next. What are

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Speaker 2: some of the recommendations in this report to address these challenges.

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Speaker 4: Well, firstly, we really believe we need stronger national leadership.

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Speaker 4: Every child, regardless of who they are and where they live,

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Speaker 4: entitled to the same standards of wellbeing. What we need

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Speaker 4: to do is elevate this much more centrally as a priority. Now,

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Speaker 4: we do have some strengths to build on, and there

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Speaker 4: has been progress made foreshore, and I think a good

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Speaker 4: example of that is in the early childhood education and

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Speaker 4: care lane, where we are seeing accelerating rates of enrollment

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Speaker 4: and participation because we've had that focus, because we've had

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Speaker 4: that coordination, because we've had that leadership. So that's our

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Speaker 4: first kind of call is really we need a national

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Speaker 4: plan of action for children, and that's not a plan

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Speaker 4: for children's protection in isolation to their health, in isolation

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Speaker 4: to their learning, which you have to put children right

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Speaker 4: in the center here. So that's the first thing, and

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Speaker 4: the second thing is we've got to get things right

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Speaker 4: in terms of this investment in prevention, early intervention and support.

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Speaker 4: Families across the country are doing the best they can.

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Speaker 4: Our parents and caregivers are doing everything they can to

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Speaker 4: support their children and young people. But the pressures on

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Speaker 4: families are rising, you know, and we see this strongly

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Speaker 4: in our support. And what we've got to do is,

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Speaker 4: you know, this is not an exercise in telling parents

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Speaker 4: in caregivers what they need to do. It's about better

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Speaker 4: listening and understanding to what they need and calibrating support

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Speaker 4: systems so they can access them early and so that

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Speaker 4: they meet their needs. So it's national leadership, it's prevention

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Speaker 4: in its early intervention, and finally, it's the voice and participation.

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Speaker 2: As you mentioned that, I'm kind of thinking about the

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Speaker 2: conversation at the moment going on nationally around youth justice,

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Speaker 2: youth crime rates, particularly the legislation we've seen in places

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Speaker 2: like Queensland, Victoria, the NT the adult time for adult

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Speaker 2: crime kind of conversation. Does it concern you that there

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Speaker 2: might be this generation of young people sort of being missed?

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Speaker 4: This is a significant concern for us watching the developments

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Speaker 4: in this space. You know, I'd come back to the

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Speaker 4: first thing I said to you, Emma, which is every

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Speaker 4: single child, every single young person has enormous potential to

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Speaker 4: thrive if they're well supported. Unfortunately, what we see in

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Speaker 4: some of these policy settings, and I think this one

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Speaker 4: of youth justice is a really emblematic example of it,

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Speaker 4: where chasing crises, you know, at the end where unfortunately, children, families,

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Speaker 4: young people have been let down by the systems that

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Speaker 4: are intended to support them. And we know that Australia's

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Speaker 4: former National Children's Commissioner, Anne Hollins, did an extensive process

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Speaker 4: of consultation with young Australians who are encountering the criminal

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Speaker 4: justice system. And you know, I think the title of

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Speaker 4: her report is really really telling. You know, it's called

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Speaker 4: help way Earlier, and they're the words of a young

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Speaker 4: person she spoke to and he just said to her,

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Speaker 4: we need help way earlier. So and we also know

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Speaker 4: all the evidence shows us that these current punitive approaches

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Speaker 4: actually aren't helping us to address the problems of youth

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Speaker 4: offending because we see the rates of young people who

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Speaker 4: have been in incarceration returning to incarceration, So the rates

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Speaker 4: of reoffending are not reducing either. So we've got to

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Speaker 4: get this targeted right and supporting these kids, these families

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Speaker 4: much earlier to get themselves on a trajectory. If kids

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Speaker 4: get off to a good start and there they are supported,

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Speaker 4: then the outlook is much brighter for them and for

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Speaker 4: the wider community.

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Speaker 2: There has been positive progress in some areas. It should

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Speaker 2: be noted early childhood education enrollment, as you've touched on,

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Speaker 2: youth unemployment is down. Are these bright spots something that

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Speaker 2: we can replicate in other areas? What's working?

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Speaker 1: Yeah?

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Speaker 4: Absolutely, And you know, I think we really come back

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Speaker 4: to this and we have a sense of optimism, Emma,

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Speaker 4: We really do. We know what works. Decades of research

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Speaker 4: tell us that we know how to get these supports

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Speaker 4: right around kids and young people. And as you as

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Speaker 4: you rightly point, we see progress in some of these

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Speaker 4: key areas and consistently, what happens when things work, you've

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Speaker 4: got national leadership and prioritization. You've got a set of

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Speaker 4: minimum standards that apply to all children everywhere, and you've

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Speaker 4: really got this commitment to getting those investments in at

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Speaker 4: the front end of the system. Early intervention changes outcomes,

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Speaker 4: It saves money and it helps us to target these

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Speaker 4: more equitable outcomes that we know we need and you

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Speaker 4: know Australia should be you know, it's an amazing country

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Speaker 4: we live in, but it's not okay that it's amazing

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Speaker 4: for some kids and not all kids. We've got to

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Speaker 4: change in the situation and we can.

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Speaker 2: A perfect sentiment to end on. I think, thank you

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Speaker 2: so so much for joining us today, Nicole. Fascinating to

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Speaker 2: hear your insights.

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Speaker 4: Thank you so much, it's been a great conversation.

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Speaker 3: That's it for today's deep Dive. Thank you so much

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Speaker 3: to Nicole Bree's for joining us. We'll be back this

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Speaker 3: afternoon with the headlines. Until then, have a great day.

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Speaker 4: My name is Lily Madden and I'm a proud Adunda

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Speaker 4: Bunjelung Calcouttin woman from Gadigo Country.

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Speaker 3: The Daily oz acknowledges that this podcast is recorded on

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Speaker 3: the lands of the Gadighl people and pays respect to

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Speaker 3: all Aboriginal and Torres Straight Island and nations. We pay

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Speaker 3: our respe text to the first peoples of these countries,

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Speaker 3: both past and present.