1 00:00:00,600 --> 00:00:05,400 Speaker 1: Already and this is the Daily This is the Daily OS. Oh, 2 00:00:05,920 --> 00:00:06,880 Speaker 1: now it makes sense. 3 00:00:15,640 --> 00:00:18,600 Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily OS. It's Thursday, 4 00:00:18,680 --> 00:00:23,000 Speaker 2: the eleventh of April. I'm emma, I'm Zara, a transgender woman, 5 00:00:23,200 --> 00:00:26,279 Speaker 2: is suing a social media app for discrimination in the 6 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:27,560 Speaker 2: Federal Court this week. 7 00:00:27,920 --> 00:00:29,600 Speaker 1: We should not be in a position to have to 8 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:32,080 Speaker 1: justify them. I'm sick of explaining people. Go but why 9 00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:33,479 Speaker 1: do you need a female only space? 10 00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:34,720 Speaker 3: Because we want them. 11 00:00:38,760 --> 00:00:42,360 Speaker 2: Giggle for Girls is a now inactive Australian social media 12 00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:46,200 Speaker 2: app that was designed to be used exclusively by women. 13 00:00:47,080 --> 00:00:51,120 Speaker 2: Transgender woman Roxane Tickle launched legal action after she was 14 00:00:51,200 --> 00:00:54,880 Speaker 2: removed from the app in twenty twenty one. Tiggle claims 15 00:00:55,040 --> 00:00:58,960 Speaker 2: she was discriminated against unfairly because of her gender identity, 16 00:00:59,640 --> 00:01:02,920 Speaker 2: but the creator of the app denies any wrongdoing and 17 00:01:03,120 --> 00:01:06,440 Speaker 2: has repeatedly denied that Tickle is female. 18 00:01:07,200 --> 00:01:08,440 Speaker 1: We'll explain why this. 19 00:01:08,640 --> 00:01:12,319 Speaker 2: Case is so important in today's Deep Dives, but first, Sarah, 20 00:01:12,520 --> 00:01:13,560 Speaker 2: what's making headlines? 21 00:01:17,240 --> 00:01:21,240 Speaker 3: Nearly three weeks after the Tasmanian election, the state's Liberal 22 00:01:21,319 --> 00:01:24,920 Speaker 3: Party is just one seat away from forming a minority government. 23 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:28,440 Speaker 3: The state's Premier, Jeremy Rockcliffe has now made a deal 24 00:01:28,520 --> 00:01:31,800 Speaker 3: with the Jackie Lamby Network after the Liberals fell four 25 00:01:31,880 --> 00:01:35,120 Speaker 3: seats short of forming government in their own right. The 26 00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:38,639 Speaker 3: three Lamby Network party members will support the Rockcliffe government 27 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:42,759 Speaker 3: in exchange for promises including strengthening the state's Integrity Commission. 28 00:01:43,319 --> 00:01:46,120 Speaker 3: The government now needs support from one other MP to 29 00:01:46,240 --> 00:01:47,440 Speaker 3: officially formed government. 30 00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:52,760 Speaker 2: AFL player Jeremy Finlayson has been handed a three game 31 00:01:52,840 --> 00:01:56,560 Speaker 2: suspension after using what the AFL called a highly offensive 32 00:01:56,640 --> 00:02:01,440 Speaker 2: homophobic slur against an Essendon player last Friday. The AFL 33 00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:04,120 Speaker 2: said the Port Adelaide player will now need to attend 34 00:02:04,400 --> 00:02:10,600 Speaker 2: nandatory inclusivity training. It noted Finlayson immediately apologized and confessed 35 00:02:10,760 --> 00:02:13,359 Speaker 2: to using the slur, and said his punishment would have 36 00:02:13,480 --> 00:02:16,000 Speaker 2: been more severe if he hadn't shown remorse. 37 00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:21,280 Speaker 3: The US state of Arizona has revived a near total 38 00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:24,560 Speaker 3: abortion ban that was included under laws dating back to 39 00:02:24,680 --> 00:02:29,120 Speaker 3: eighteen sixty four. The reinstated laws will make all abortion illegal, 40 00:02:29,360 --> 00:02:32,720 Speaker 3: except for terminations deemed necessary to save the mother's life. 41 00:02:33,400 --> 00:02:35,679 Speaker 3: The law won't come into effect for two weeks to 42 00:02:35,760 --> 00:02:39,360 Speaker 3: allow for any remaining challenges to its decision. Twenty one 43 00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:42,760 Speaker 3: US states have now implemented abortion restrictions. That, of course, 44 00:02:42,840 --> 00:02:45,960 Speaker 3: comes after the U. S. Supreme Court overturned roev Wade 45 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:47,000 Speaker 3: in twenty twenty two. 46 00:02:49,440 --> 00:02:53,160 Speaker 2: And today's good news. The oldest known pottery samples in 47 00:02:53,240 --> 00:02:56,760 Speaker 2: Australia have been discovered in far North Queensland. It's the 48 00:02:56,880 --> 00:03:01,040 Speaker 2: first time archaeologists have found evidence of potterking by First 49 00:03:01,160 --> 00:03:06,000 Speaker 2: Nations communities in Australia. Archaeologists found eighty two pieces of 50 00:03:06,080 --> 00:03:08,720 Speaker 2: pottery on an island in the Great Barrier Reef off 51 00:03:08,760 --> 00:03:12,359 Speaker 2: the coast of the Cape York Peninsula. Experts say the 52 00:03:12,520 --> 00:03:15,320 Speaker 2: artifacts might have been used as part of a trade 53 00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:18,960 Speaker 2: network with other First Nations communities in the Western Pacific. 54 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:27,000 Speaker 4: Hey there, I'm just popping in here. My name is 55 00:03:27,040 --> 00:03:30,160 Speaker 4: Sira and I'm the sales manager at TDA. I help 56 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:33,160 Speaker 4: organize these sponsorships you hear on the podcast every day 57 00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:36,200 Speaker 4: and that helps fund the journalism you hear. If you 58 00:03:36,240 --> 00:03:38,360 Speaker 4: want to support us, the best way to do that 59 00:03:38,560 --> 00:03:42,040 Speaker 4: is by clicking follow on Apple or Spotify. It really 60 00:03:42,160 --> 00:03:45,240 Speaker 4: helps new audiences find us. Thank you for your support 61 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:47,040 Speaker 4: and now back to the deep dive. 62 00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:53,200 Speaker 3: So a discrimination trial over a women only social media 63 00:03:53,280 --> 00:03:55,800 Speaker 3: app has begun in the Federal Court this week. M 64 00:03:56,440 --> 00:03:59,880 Speaker 3: And it's a really substantial case. It has like fairly 65 00:04:00,160 --> 00:04:03,680 Speaker 3: far reaching consequences. It's the first time a specific law 66 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:04,560 Speaker 3: has been tested. 67 00:04:05,440 --> 00:04:08,280 Speaker 1: What's the story about. So we're talking about an app 68 00:04:08,320 --> 00:04:10,560 Speaker 1: today called Giggle for Girls. 69 00:04:11,040 --> 00:04:15,000 Speaker 2: It's now inactive, but it used to be an Australian 70 00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:16,400 Speaker 2: messaging platform. 71 00:04:16,640 --> 00:04:17,000 Speaker 1: What was it. 72 00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:19,480 Speaker 3: I'd never heard of it, so me neither. 73 00:04:19,720 --> 00:04:22,200 Speaker 2: I had a look into it and on the app store, 74 00:04:22,360 --> 00:04:25,360 Speaker 2: this is the blurb the description for this app made 75 00:04:25,480 --> 00:04:30,160 Speaker 2: for women. Buy women connect on Giggle about the latest issues, politics, gossip, 76 00:04:30,320 --> 00:04:33,520 Speaker 2: news and more. Promote your business and or yourself, find 77 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:37,599 Speaker 2: accommodation and roommates. Connect privately to discuss your most intimate thoughts, 78 00:04:37,720 --> 00:04:43,960 Speaker 2: all with mutual consent and without unwanted interruptions and misogynistic abuse. Okay, 79 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:46,520 Speaker 2: So my interpretation is it was kind of a platform 80 00:04:46,640 --> 00:04:51,120 Speaker 2: to connect women to the other women and women led services, 81 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:54,360 Speaker 2: women run businesses. I've heard of it referred to as 82 00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:58,160 Speaker 2: kind of like a dating app for female business and friendship, 83 00:04:58,279 --> 00:04:58,920 Speaker 2: that kind of thing. 84 00:04:59,200 --> 00:04:59,479 Speaker 4: Okay. 85 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:04,120 Speaker 2: So a transgender woman whose name is Roxane Tickle started 86 00:05:04,279 --> 00:05:07,640 Speaker 2: using that app a few years ago and she has 87 00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:11,960 Speaker 2: now launched legal action against Giggle, who removed her from 88 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:15,080 Speaker 2: the app in twenty twenty one. Tickle is claiming that 89 00:05:15,240 --> 00:05:19,279 Speaker 2: she was discriminated against unfairly because of her gender identity 90 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:22,160 Speaker 2: in Giggle's decision to take her off the platform. But 91 00:05:22,320 --> 00:05:24,320 Speaker 2: the creator of this app has said they haven't done 92 00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:28,520 Speaker 2: anything wrong. They've denied that discrimination was unlawful in this instance, 93 00:05:28,640 --> 00:05:33,480 Speaker 2: and they've repeatedly denied that Tickle is a woman. So 94 00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:36,400 Speaker 2: this case is really complicated, but it is in court 95 00:05:36,480 --> 00:05:39,039 Speaker 2: this week and that's why we're talking about it today. 96 00:05:39,320 --> 00:05:41,799 Speaker 3: Okay, before you go any further, I think it's fairly 97 00:05:41,880 --> 00:05:44,880 Speaker 3: rare to have a case Giggle and Tickle both in 98 00:05:45,320 --> 00:05:46,800 Speaker 3: the name of it, and I think it's a bit 99 00:05:46,839 --> 00:05:49,520 Speaker 3: confusing continuously using those two terms. 100 00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:52,360 Speaker 1: So Giggle is the app, Tickle is the person. 101 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:56,920 Speaker 2: Yep. So it is really confusing and it makes light 102 00:05:57,120 --> 00:05:59,360 Speaker 2: of kind of what is actually a really serious case. 103 00:06:00,120 --> 00:06:03,240 Speaker 1: And Tickle is the person. Giggle is the app. 104 00:06:03,320 --> 00:06:06,680 Speaker 3: Okay, So explain a bit about Roxanne Tickle, who's at 105 00:06:06,720 --> 00:06:07,680 Speaker 3: the center of this case. 106 00:06:07,839 --> 00:06:08,039 Speaker 1: Yep. 107 00:06:08,120 --> 00:06:10,359 Speaker 2: So the woman at the center of this case, Roxanne Tickle, 108 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:14,200 Speaker 2: a transgender woman living in New South Wales. Her birth 109 00:06:14,240 --> 00:06:18,159 Speaker 2: certificate has been updated to reflect her gender as female, 110 00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:23,360 Speaker 2: but Roxanne was assigned male at birth and has since transitioned. 111 00:06:24,440 --> 00:06:28,320 Speaker 2: Tickle downloaded this app Giggle in twenty twenty one, and 112 00:06:28,480 --> 00:06:32,560 Speaker 2: she set up an account. The app used AI photo 113 00:06:32,680 --> 00:06:36,360 Speaker 2: checking technology to verify whether it's users. 114 00:06:36,200 --> 00:06:39,080 Speaker 3: Were women or not, which is what just taking selfie 115 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:41,680 Speaker 3: of yourself and then it deduces whether or not. 116 00:06:41,760 --> 00:06:44,440 Speaker 2: Okay, yeah, so I'm not sure specifically because this app 117 00:06:44,560 --> 00:06:48,080 Speaker 2: is now defunct what that photo checking process looked like, 118 00:06:48,520 --> 00:06:52,880 Speaker 2: but Tickle downloaded it used that software. The app determined 119 00:06:53,040 --> 00:06:55,520 Speaker 2: that she was a woman and therefore she could create 120 00:06:55,560 --> 00:06:59,160 Speaker 2: an account, but later down the track. Later that year, 121 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:03,279 Speaker 2: in twenty twenty one, Tigle was eventually blocked from the platform. 122 00:07:03,880 --> 00:07:04,800 Speaker 1: That prompted her to. 123 00:07:04,880 --> 00:07:08,760 Speaker 2: Launch a complaint with the Australian Human Rights Commission, and 124 00:07:08,880 --> 00:07:12,400 Speaker 2: in that complaint, Tickle alleged she was unfairly discriminated against 125 00:07:12,560 --> 00:07:15,280 Speaker 2: because of her gender identity by Giggle. 126 00:07:15,880 --> 00:07:19,200 Speaker 3: Okay, and so what's Giggle's perspective on this? We've heard 127 00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:20,560 Speaker 3: from its founder. 128 00:07:20,800 --> 00:07:24,760 Speaker 2: In an interview with The Australian, The CEO of Giggle, Salgrover, 129 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:29,320 Speaker 2: actually said that she herself manually removed Tiggle from the 130 00:07:29,360 --> 00:07:31,800 Speaker 2: platform after seeing her onboarding selfie. 131 00:07:32,040 --> 00:07:34,240 Speaker 3: So it wasn't ai, it wasn't anything like that. It 132 00:07:34,360 --> 00:07:37,440 Speaker 3: was the founder specifically removing this person. Yep. 133 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:42,840 Speaker 2: Tiggle ended up escalating that complaint that she had made 134 00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:46,400 Speaker 2: to the Human Rights Commission to the Federal Court. That 135 00:07:46,640 --> 00:07:49,920 Speaker 2: was after the CEO of Giggle, Salgrover, had chosen not 136 00:07:50,080 --> 00:07:53,880 Speaker 2: to participate in formal talks between Tiggle and the Human. 137 00:07:53,720 --> 00:07:56,760 Speaker 1: Rights Commission, so Tiggle lodged a complaint. 138 00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:00,480 Speaker 2: There was an opportunity for the app CEO to meet 139 00:08:00,560 --> 00:08:03,960 Speaker 2: with Tickle with sort of a mediated talk. She rejected 140 00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:06,960 Speaker 2: that opportunity, So then that's why this case was escalated 141 00:08:07,160 --> 00:08:12,360 Speaker 2: to the federal court. Grover has continued to reject that 142 00:08:12,480 --> 00:08:14,480 Speaker 2: Tickle's gender is female. 143 00:08:14,720 --> 00:08:17,360 Speaker 3: Okay, and so that's the basis on which they are 144 00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:22,080 Speaker 3: refuting these claims. But it's obviously an extremely complex topic, 145 00:08:22,360 --> 00:08:24,240 Speaker 3: you know this so less it's a lot of emotions 146 00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:27,640 Speaker 3: on both sides. What does the law say though in. 147 00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:30,960 Speaker 2: A situation like this, This is where it's kind of interesting, 148 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:34,520 Speaker 2: And as you mentioned the top, there are laws, but 149 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:37,520 Speaker 2: new laws, and this case is actually the first time 150 00:08:38,040 --> 00:08:43,760 Speaker 2: that alleged gender identity discrimination within Australia's Sex Discrimination. 151 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:46,160 Speaker 1: Act has been heard in the Federal Court. So we 152 00:08:46,280 --> 00:08:46,880 Speaker 1: have a sex. 153 00:08:46,800 --> 00:08:50,600 Speaker 2: Discrimination Act in Australia that's been around for a long time, 154 00:08:51,080 --> 00:08:55,640 Speaker 2: but this specific caveat or clause around gender identity discrimination 155 00:08:55,840 --> 00:08:56,240 Speaker 2: is newer. 156 00:08:56,960 --> 00:08:58,319 Speaker 1: So changes in twenty. 157 00:08:58,120 --> 00:09:03,200 Speaker 2: Thirteen to that act, it's specifically unlawful to discriminate based 158 00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:09,080 Speaker 2: on sexual orientation, gender identity, or intersex status. Grover, who 159 00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:12,480 Speaker 2: again is the founder of Giggle, rejects the discrimination claim 160 00:09:12,960 --> 00:09:16,559 Speaker 2: and her lawyers are arguing that Tickle is a man 161 00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:21,600 Speaker 2: and was therefore lawfully discriminated against when Giggle deleted the account. 162 00:09:21,960 --> 00:09:27,280 Speaker 2: Giggle an all female, only female app, its founder deciding 163 00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:29,599 Speaker 2: that there was a user on the app who was 164 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:32,160 Speaker 2: not female and then removing that account. That sort of 165 00:09:32,240 --> 00:09:34,360 Speaker 2: forms the basis of that legal defense. 166 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:38,079 Speaker 3: Okay, And I'm curious how a legal defense like this 167 00:09:38,280 --> 00:09:41,880 Speaker 3: is being paid for when we've said it's an inactive app, 168 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:44,319 Speaker 3: but now it's getting all of this publicity, it's before 169 00:09:44,400 --> 00:09:46,640 Speaker 3: the courts. How is it being funded? 170 00:09:46,960 --> 00:09:50,640 Speaker 2: Yeah, So this is an interesting one and I think 171 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:55,400 Speaker 2: speaks to the broader conversational interests that we see when 172 00:09:55,880 --> 00:09:59,199 Speaker 2: a case of this nature is in the media. The 173 00:09:59,280 --> 00:10:02,040 Speaker 2: app is an active anymore, as you said, But Grover's 174 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:06,600 Speaker 2: legal team have actually crowdfunded more than five hundred thousand 175 00:10:06,800 --> 00:10:07,720 Speaker 2: dollars to pay. 176 00:10:07,600 --> 00:10:08,760 Speaker 1: For giggles legal defense. 177 00:10:09,040 --> 00:10:12,360 Speaker 2: That's an extraordinary amount of money, five hundred thousand dollars, 178 00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:17,000 Speaker 2: and that tells us that there's obviously a lot of 179 00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:20,920 Speaker 2: people in the community who are interested in supporting this defense. 180 00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:26,319 Speaker 2: Former Liberal Party candidate Katherine Deves is actually among the 181 00:10:26,440 --> 00:10:31,319 Speaker 2: lawyers representing the platform Giggle in court. Deeves if you 182 00:10:31,880 --> 00:10:35,240 Speaker 2: forgot or in case you need a refresher. Deves is 183 00:10:35,360 --> 00:10:38,440 Speaker 2: the person who ran in former PM Tony Abbott's Sydney 184 00:10:38,520 --> 00:10:40,400 Speaker 2: seat of Waringa in the lead up to the twenty 185 00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:43,280 Speaker 2: twenty two election. She made a lot of headlines at 186 00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:46,280 Speaker 2: the time, was accused of transphobic comments, she had a 187 00:10:46,320 --> 00:10:49,959 Speaker 2: lot to say about transgender women in sport. She did 188 00:10:50,040 --> 00:10:53,040 Speaker 2: not win that seat, but she became kind of a 189 00:10:53,080 --> 00:10:56,800 Speaker 2: controversial figure around them. So that person, Catherine Deeves is 190 00:10:57,080 --> 00:11:00,920 Speaker 2: representing or is among the lawyers representing Giggle now in court. 191 00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:03,679 Speaker 3: And we've seen a lot of photos of you know, 192 00:11:04,040 --> 00:11:07,559 Speaker 3: Deeves walking alongside Grover as they enter court. It's not 193 00:11:07,679 --> 00:11:09,920 Speaker 3: a live stream, so we can't actually watch what is 194 00:11:10,040 --> 00:11:12,760 Speaker 3: happening in court, but we know that it's unfolding this week. 195 00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:16,400 Speaker 3: What happens next This, as we've said, will have like 196 00:11:16,600 --> 00:11:20,080 Speaker 3: a fairly significant outcome for Australians. 197 00:11:20,240 --> 00:11:22,920 Speaker 2: Yeah, so the Federal Court case is due to run 198 00:11:23,160 --> 00:11:24,920 Speaker 2: until the end of this week. As you mentioned, not 199 00:11:25,040 --> 00:11:27,520 Speaker 2: live streamed. We're not in the room, so we have 200 00:11:27,640 --> 00:11:29,920 Speaker 2: to kind of wait and see what happens, what the 201 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:33,839 Speaker 2: court reports say in the meantime. But ultimately, the court 202 00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:38,280 Speaker 2: is working to determine if Tickle was unfairly discriminated against 203 00:11:38,520 --> 00:11:42,000 Speaker 2: based on her gender identity, and part of this is 204 00:11:42,080 --> 00:11:45,680 Speaker 2: going to involve the court either accepting or not accepting 205 00:11:45,840 --> 00:11:50,199 Speaker 2: her gender identity as a woman. So that is a 206 00:11:50,360 --> 00:11:53,880 Speaker 2: pretty big question mark, or the central question mark at 207 00:11:53,920 --> 00:11:57,439 Speaker 2: the heart of this case, and it's a decision that 208 00:11:57,520 --> 00:12:01,400 Speaker 2: could really set a precedent for future gender discrimination cases. 209 00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:03,120 Speaker 1: You know, one way or the other, it. 210 00:12:03,160 --> 00:12:06,800 Speaker 2: Could extend to the inclusion of transgender people in things 211 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:08,760 Speaker 2: like community, sport and public spaces. 212 00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:11,280 Speaker 1: This is not a conversation that's going away. 213 00:12:11,480 --> 00:12:13,839 Speaker 2: No, we will stay on top of these findings and 214 00:12:14,040 --> 00:12:15,599 Speaker 2: we'll have to wait and see what they mean for 215 00:12:15,679 --> 00:12:17,199 Speaker 2: future cases of a similar nature. 216 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:19,920 Speaker 3: Yeah. Absolutely, and thanks so much for joining us on 217 00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:23,080 Speaker 3: today's episode of The Daily Os. If you learned something 218 00:12:23,120 --> 00:12:25,839 Speaker 3: from today's episode, please send it to a friend. It 219 00:12:26,080 --> 00:12:28,800 Speaker 3: is the way that the Daily Ods grows and grows, 220 00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:32,720 Speaker 3: and we so appreciate your support. We'll be back again tomorrow, 221 00:12:32,800 --> 00:12:34,400 Speaker 3: but until then, have a great day. 222 00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:40,520 Speaker 1: My name is Lily Madden and I'm a proud Arunda 223 00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:43,240 Speaker 1: Bungelung Cargoton woman from Gadigol Country. 224 00:12:44,160 --> 00:12:47,280 Speaker 4: The Daily Os acknowledges that this podcast is recorded on 225 00:12:47,320 --> 00:12:49,760 Speaker 4: the lands of the Gadighl people and pays respect to 226 00:12:49,880 --> 00:12:52,520 Speaker 4: all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island and nations. 227 00:12:52,840 --> 00:12:55,720 Speaker 1: We pay our respects to the first peoples of these countries, 228 00:12:55,920 --> 00:12:57,040 Speaker 1: both past and present,