1 00:00:02,720 --> 00:00:05,040 Speaker 1: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda 2 00:00:05,240 --> 00:00:10,040 Speaker 1: Bunjelung Calcuttin woman from Gadighal Country. The Daily oz acknowledges 3 00:00:10,119 --> 00:00:12,320 Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the 4 00:00:12,320 --> 00:00:15,880 Speaker 1: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres 5 00:00:15,880 --> 00:00:18,799 Speaker 1: Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the 6 00:00:18,800 --> 00:00:21,599 Speaker 1: first peoples of these countries, both past and present. 7 00:00:31,720 --> 00:00:34,360 Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily os It's Monday, 8 00:00:34,400 --> 00:00:35,560 Speaker 2: the twelfth of September. 9 00:00:35,720 --> 00:00:36,920 Speaker 3: I'm Zara, I'm Billy. 10 00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:39,680 Speaker 2: On Friday we brought you the news that Queen Elizabeth 11 00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:42,920 Speaker 2: had died at the age of ninety six. She was, 12 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:45,800 Speaker 2: of course, our head of state here in Australia. In 13 00:00:45,840 --> 00:00:49,520 Speaker 2: today's deep Dive, we'll take you through what exactly Australia's 14 00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:53,120 Speaker 2: head of state actually does. But first, Billy, what's making 15 00:00:53,159 --> 00:00:54,080 Speaker 2: headlines this morning? 16 00:00:55,360 --> 00:00:58,840 Speaker 4: Prime Minister Anthony Alberizi has announced a National Day of 17 00:00:58,960 --> 00:01:01,680 Speaker 4: Mourning for Queen Elizabeth the Second. It will fall on 18 00:01:01,720 --> 00:01:04,080 Speaker 4: the twenty second of September and will be marked by 19 00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:07,040 Speaker 4: National Public Holiday. So for those of you in Victoria, 20 00:01:07,120 --> 00:01:10,320 Speaker 4: it will be the day before your grand final public holiday. 21 00:01:12,800 --> 00:01:15,880 Speaker 2: North Korea has passed a law enshrining the right to 22 00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:20,360 Speaker 2: use preemptive nuclear strikes to protect itself. Leader Kim Jong 23 00:01:20,440 --> 00:01:23,720 Speaker 2: und said, and I quote the significance of legislating nuclear 24 00:01:23,760 --> 00:01:27,320 Speaker 2: weapons policy is to draw an irretrievable line so that 25 00:01:27,319 --> 00:01:30,679 Speaker 2: there can be no bargaining over our nuclear weapons. 26 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:34,960 Speaker 4: Five people in New Zealand have died after a small 27 00:01:35,040 --> 00:01:37,640 Speaker 4: charter boat capsized in what is believed to have been 28 00:01:37,680 --> 00:01:40,880 Speaker 4: a collision with a whale. K Coorra Police Sergeant Matt 29 00:01:40,959 --> 00:01:43,760 Speaker 4: Boyce said quote. This has been a tragic event and 30 00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:46,240 Speaker 4: the police are providing support to those involved at this 31 00:01:46,520 --> 00:01:47,520 Speaker 4: very difficult time. 32 00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:53,240 Speaker 2: And today's good news. According to a report from Reuter's, 33 00:01:53,680 --> 00:01:56,680 Speaker 2: products made with forced labor will be banned in the 34 00:01:56,720 --> 00:01:59,680 Speaker 2: EU under draft laws. We are set to see that 35 00:02:00,520 --> 00:02:02,280 Speaker 2: be announced tomorrow. 36 00:02:07,840 --> 00:02:12,000 Speaker 5: Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia and members of 37 00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:18,360 Speaker 5: the Federal Executive Council do now proclaim Prince Charles Philip 38 00:02:18,600 --> 00:02:23,480 Speaker 5: Arthur George to be King Charles the Third, by grace 39 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:29,200 Speaker 5: of God, King of Australia and his realms and territories, 40 00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:34,400 Speaker 5: Head of the Commonwealth, and with hearty and humble affection, 41 00:02:35,280 --> 00:02:37,920 Speaker 5: we promise him faith and obedience. 42 00:02:40,840 --> 00:02:44,160 Speaker 4: So that was Governor General David Hurley who officially proclaimed 43 00:02:44,240 --> 00:02:47,960 Speaker 4: King Charles Third the ruler of Australia yesterday, meaning that 44 00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:50,919 Speaker 4: we now have a new head of state. Sarah, can 45 00:02:50,960 --> 00:02:53,919 Speaker 4: we start with what a head of state actually means 46 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:54,640 Speaker 4: and what they do? 47 00:02:54,880 --> 00:02:59,680 Speaker 2: Okay, So Australia is a constitutional monarchy. The British monarch 48 00:02:59,800 --> 00:03:02,360 Speaker 2: is our head of state. But it's important to note 49 00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:05,520 Speaker 2: that the monarchy's power is limited by our constitution. Here 50 00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:09,760 Speaker 2: in Australia. The Constitution establishes the Governor General as the 51 00:03:09,800 --> 00:03:15,000 Speaker 2: monarch's appointed representative. But again, the Governor General's powers are limited. 52 00:03:15,720 --> 00:03:18,800 Speaker 2: The Constitution gives our Parliament the power to make laws 53 00:03:18,919 --> 00:03:21,680 Speaker 2: and the High Court the power to interpret them. So 54 00:03:21,919 --> 00:03:25,800 Speaker 2: in practice, the Governor General gives executive decision making power 55 00:03:25,840 --> 00:03:29,560 Speaker 2: to government ministers, people in Anthony Albernizi's cabinet today. 56 00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:33,240 Speaker 4: Right, So despite the fact that the monarchy is our 57 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:35,280 Speaker 4: head of state, it sounds like they don't actually have 58 00:03:35,360 --> 00:03:36,960 Speaker 4: that much power. 59 00:03:36,920 --> 00:03:38,040 Speaker 3: Because of our constitution. 60 00:03:38,240 --> 00:03:40,480 Speaker 4: So it sounds like the power of the monarchy here 61 00:03:40,480 --> 00:03:43,080 Speaker 4: in Australia is fairly symbolic in nature. 62 00:03:43,240 --> 00:03:47,200 Speaker 2: In practice, mostly the Governor General, as the monarch's representative, 63 00:03:47,360 --> 00:03:50,240 Speaker 2: acts on the advice of government ministers in all but 64 00:03:50,560 --> 00:03:52,320 Speaker 2: very few circumstances. 65 00:03:52,640 --> 00:03:54,840 Speaker 4: So we know that the powers are limited. But what 66 00:03:54,920 --> 00:03:56,600 Speaker 4: powers does a governor General have? 67 00:03:57,040 --> 00:03:59,680 Speaker 2: Okay, well, I'll be honest, it's only a few, and 68 00:04:00,080 --> 00:04:03,600 Speaker 2: called reserve powers. These include the power to appoint and 69 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:07,720 Speaker 2: dismiss a prime minister. The Governor General usually exercises these 70 00:04:07,760 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 2: reserve powers according to generally agreed conventions. So, for example, 71 00:04:12,800 --> 00:04:16,400 Speaker 2: by convention, the Governor General appoints as Prime Minister whoever 72 00:04:16,440 --> 00:04:18,839 Speaker 2: commands a majority of seats in the House of Reps, 73 00:04:18,920 --> 00:04:20,960 Speaker 2: like he did when Anthony Albanizi won. 74 00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:25,279 Speaker 3: At the last election. But there's also been one notable exception. 75 00:04:25,760 --> 00:04:29,239 Speaker 2: Now. That exception came in nineteen seventy five when Governor 76 00:04:29,320 --> 00:04:33,839 Speaker 2: General Sir John Kerr controversially dismissed a sitting PM his 77 00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:39,600 Speaker 2: name was Gough Whitlam. Following his dismissal, Gough Whitlam famously quipped. 78 00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:47,239 Speaker 6: Well, may we say God saved the queen? Well, cause 79 00:04:47,440 --> 00:04:56,400 Speaker 6: nothing will say with the Governor General's. 80 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:53,880 Speaker 2: My favorite line. 81 00:04:53,960 --> 00:04:57,159 Speaker 3: Ever, there is no ambiguity in that line. 82 00:04:57,240 --> 00:04:59,640 Speaker 4: And I know that after that dismissal the Governor General 83 00:04:59,720 --> 00:05:02,760 Speaker 4: John Ker became quite a well known figure by virtue 84 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:06,240 Speaker 4: of the significance his actions had on the trajectory of 85 00:05:06,279 --> 00:05:07,440 Speaker 4: Australian politics. 86 00:05:07,640 --> 00:05:09,240 Speaker 3: But that's certainly not the usual. 87 00:05:09,279 --> 00:05:11,560 Speaker 4: I know that GoF Whitlam is the only Prime Minister 88 00:05:11,640 --> 00:05:14,360 Speaker 4: in Australia to have been ousted by a Governor General, 89 00:05:14,640 --> 00:05:16,719 Speaker 4: and it hazard a guest to say that most people 90 00:05:16,760 --> 00:05:19,400 Speaker 4: wouldn't be able to name more than a few governor 91 00:05:19,440 --> 00:05:21,280 Speaker 4: generals throughout Australia's history. 92 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:25,239 Speaker 2: Well, the current Governor General of Australia is David Hurley, 93 00:05:25,560 --> 00:05:28,560 Speaker 2: and he's been in the role since twenty nineteen. Keen 94 00:05:28,640 --> 00:05:31,880 Speaker 2: listeners of this pod might be familiar with Hurley because 95 00:05:31,880 --> 00:05:34,239 Speaker 2: we've spoken about him a fair bit in recent weeks. 96 00:05:34,279 --> 00:05:37,279 Speaker 2: He was in the news after secretly swearing in Scott 97 00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:40,479 Speaker 2: Morrison to a number of portfolios that were not known 98 00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:44,320 Speaker 2: to the Australian public or to Scott Morrison's counterparts. So, 99 00:05:44,880 --> 00:05:47,440 Speaker 2: even though governor generals usually don't play much of a 100 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:49,880 Speaker 2: role in say, the day to day of Australian politics, 101 00:05:49,960 --> 00:05:52,640 Speaker 2: or certainly in the news cycle, we have heard a 102 00:05:52,720 --> 00:05:54,599 Speaker 2: bit about governor generals lately. 103 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:57,880 Speaker 4: You mentioning Scott Morrison there, that's a I think that's 104 00:05:57,880 --> 00:06:01,360 Speaker 4: a really good example of seeing how the governor general's 105 00:06:01,600 --> 00:06:03,320 Speaker 4: powers are limited, because I know that when he was 106 00:06:03,320 --> 00:06:05,880 Speaker 4: asked about it, what he said was that I was 107 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:08,000 Speaker 4: just acting on behalf of the government. I was doing 108 00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:09,200 Speaker 4: what they told me to do. 109 00:06:09,400 --> 00:06:12,599 Speaker 2: Exactly, And that was fascinating and certainly brought to light 110 00:06:12,760 --> 00:06:14,840 Speaker 2: the dynamics of that relationship. 111 00:06:15,080 --> 00:06:17,560 Speaker 4: So now if we take a step back and examine 112 00:06:17,600 --> 00:06:19,679 Speaker 4: the role of a head of state and the governor 113 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:22,920 Speaker 4: general in our country, there isn't necessarily a consensus right. 114 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:26,960 Speaker 2: As with anything, there were always opposing views. So some 115 00:06:27,279 --> 00:06:31,640 Speaker 2: Australians argue that Australia should become a republic and that 116 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:35,200 Speaker 2: would replace the British monarch with an Australian head of state. 117 00:06:35,880 --> 00:06:39,760 Speaker 2: This would require a referendum to change the constitution and 118 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:42,520 Speaker 2: it wouldn't be the first one of its kind. In 119 00:06:42,640 --> 00:06:46,479 Speaker 2: nineteen ninety nine, a referendum to establish a republic actually 120 00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:49,919 Speaker 2: failed in Australia. The leader of the Yes campaign was 121 00:06:49,920 --> 00:06:53,800 Speaker 2: someone you might be familiar with, former Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, 122 00:06:54,040 --> 00:06:57,279 Speaker 2: and it was really interesting on Friday after the Queen died, 123 00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:01,239 Speaker 2: seeing that Turnbull was actually included on coverage of her death. 124 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:04,160 Speaker 2: He was fighting back tears on TV when I was 125 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:06,599 Speaker 2: watching and said that he had woken up with grief. 126 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:09,400 Speaker 6: Well, it's the morning of great sadness, I think for 127 00:07:09,440 --> 00:07:13,240 Speaker 6: all of us, for Australians, for millions of people around 128 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:13,760 Speaker 6: the world. 129 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:18,120 Speaker 2: So it's interesting to note people's reactions to the queen's 130 00:07:18,200 --> 00:07:22,080 Speaker 2: death can coexist with their feelings about a republic or 131 00:07:22,120 --> 00:07:22,680 Speaker 2: the monarchy. 132 00:07:22,760 --> 00:07:23,320 Speaker 3: More broadly. 133 00:07:24,080 --> 00:07:26,640 Speaker 2: Now, if we come to the present Prime Minister Anthony 134 00:07:26,640 --> 00:07:30,440 Speaker 2: Alberzi does support a republic and he's promised a referendum 135 00:07:30,520 --> 00:07:33,480 Speaker 2: if Labor is elected to a second term of government. 136 00:07:34,040 --> 00:07:36,360 Speaker 2: He's gone so far as to appoint the country's first 137 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:39,640 Speaker 2: assistant Minister for the republic. His name is Matt Thistlethwaite. 138 00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:43,080 Speaker 2: But all of that said, Albanzi has made clear that 139 00:07:43,120 --> 00:07:46,560 Speaker 2: he's prioritizing a referendum on a voice to Parliament first 140 00:07:46,720 --> 00:07:49,320 Speaker 2: and doesn't want these two happening at the same time. 141 00:07:49,840 --> 00:07:52,480 Speaker 2: So that means that any vote on a republic is 142 00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:55,200 Speaker 2: unlikely to happen before twenty twenty five. 143 00:07:55,640 --> 00:07:59,200 Speaker 4: So a potential referendum on whether or not Australia will 144 00:07:59,240 --> 00:08:02,080 Speaker 4: become a republic, it will take some time to play out. 145 00:08:02,320 --> 00:08:04,320 Speaker 4: Can you run us through what some of the more 146 00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:07,360 Speaker 4: immediate implications of a new Australian head of state are? 147 00:08:07,720 --> 00:08:07,920 Speaker 3: Yees? 148 00:08:08,040 --> 00:08:09,960 Speaker 2: So this week Billy, you and I were meant to 149 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:12,680 Speaker 2: be heading to canber was meant to be a federal 150 00:08:12,720 --> 00:08:15,440 Speaker 2: sitting week, but that's been suspended as part of a 151 00:08:15,480 --> 00:08:19,600 Speaker 2: morning period and now our parliamentarians won't go back for 152 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:23,480 Speaker 2: at least two weeks. Also, as we said in the headlines, 153 00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:26,960 Speaker 2: PM Anthony Albanezi announced yesterday that the twenty second of 154 00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:29,080 Speaker 2: September will be a day of mourning and that will 155 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:32,160 Speaker 2: be marked by a public holiday. It's so fascinating to 156 00:08:32,240 --> 00:08:34,600 Speaker 2: have a public holiday pop up, you know, with two 157 00:08:34,600 --> 00:08:38,040 Speaker 2: weeks of otis. We've never experienced that before. And an 158 00:08:38,080 --> 00:08:41,800 Speaker 2: interesting quirk that we found out, unlike the UK, every 159 00:08:41,840 --> 00:08:44,960 Speaker 2: state and territory in Australia has a rule where MPs 160 00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:47,640 Speaker 2: don't have to be sworn in again by a new monarch. 161 00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:52,360 Speaker 2: That is, every state and territory except Victoria. The Victorian 162 00:08:52,360 --> 00:08:54,880 Speaker 2: Parliament is heading into its last sitting week before the 163 00:08:54,880 --> 00:08:57,880 Speaker 2: election in November, but before they do, they'll all go 164 00:08:57,960 --> 00:09:00,520 Speaker 2: to a special ceremony to swear a legion to King 165 00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:04,320 Speaker 2: Charles the Third. And finally, of course, our money will 166 00:09:04,400 --> 00:09:07,400 Speaker 2: change as early as next year, so coins will change 167 00:09:07,440 --> 00:09:15,360 Speaker 2: to the face of King Charles. Thank you so much 168 00:09:15,400 --> 00:09:18,400 Speaker 2: for joining us on the Daily OS today. Out of 169 00:09:18,480 --> 00:09:20,720 Speaker 2: the corner of my eyes so it can see Billy 170 00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:23,720 Speaker 2: frantically gesturing that she wants to say something, So Billy, 171 00:09:23,760 --> 00:09:25,199 Speaker 2: I'm going to throw to you quickly. 172 00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:26,840 Speaker 3: Not frantically, very calmly. 173 00:09:27,280 --> 00:09:30,640 Speaker 4: Would like to say that every single morning I write 174 00:09:30,679 --> 00:09:32,840 Speaker 4: a newsletter for the Daily OS and it's just a 175 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:36,000 Speaker 4: wrap up of the morning's headlines. I break it up 176 00:09:36,040 --> 00:09:38,080 Speaker 4: into how much time you have, So if you've only 177 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:40,720 Speaker 4: got ten seconds, there's a section in the newsletter for that. 178 00:09:40,800 --> 00:09:43,000 Speaker 4: If you've got two minutes as a section for that. 179 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:47,040 Speaker 4: I would absolutely love if you would subscribe. The link 180 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:51,240 Speaker 4: to subscribe is in the show notes. Thank you so much. 181 00:09:51,559 --> 00:09:52,280 Speaker 2: Have a great day.