1 00:00:10,204 --> 00:00:13,484 Speaker 1: My Heart podcasts here, more Gold one on one point 2 00:00:13,524 --> 00:00:21,964 Speaker 1: seven podcasts, playlists, and listen live on the free iHeart app. Everybody, 3 00:00:22,003 --> 00:00:32,843 Speaker 1: it's time for Jonesy and Amanda's cutting floors. On the 4 00:00:32,844 --> 00:00:35,204 Speaker 1: cutting room floor today, I see you wearing the science 5 00:00:35,284 --> 00:00:38,004 Speaker 1: lab coat. That can mean only one thing. What's that 6 00:00:38,444 --> 00:00:41,564 Speaker 1: I have done my washing? It's science time, you know. 7 00:00:41,604 --> 00:00:44,644 Speaker 1: When I chose, I felt that it was time to 8 00:00:44,724 --> 00:00:48,763 Speaker 1: leave beyond two thousand. When I had a day off 9 00:00:48,804 --> 00:00:50,764 Speaker 1: in Paris, I've been working on the show for about 10 00:00:50,764 --> 00:00:53,403 Speaker 1: six years, traveling a lot, and I looked across the 11 00:00:53,484 --> 00:00:54,924 Speaker 1: road and thought, oh, that looks like I had a 12 00:00:54,964 --> 00:00:56,484 Speaker 1: day off. But that looks like a nice dress shop. 13 00:00:56,484 --> 00:00:58,844 Speaker 1: I'll go in there. It was medical supplies. I was 14 00:00:58,884 --> 00:01:01,924 Speaker 1: looking at a lab coat. Maybe it's time for Middle East. 15 00:01:02,084 --> 00:01:05,003 Speaker 1: I can't recall you wearing a lab coat many times. 16 00:01:05,084 --> 00:01:09,563 Speaker 1: Lab coats, hairnets, ye, cotton booties, you know, all that 17 00:01:09,644 --> 00:01:11,804 Speaker 1: kind of stuff. It looked like I was on the 18 00:01:11,844 --> 00:01:16,204 Speaker 1: election campaign trail constantly, your hard hats, welding all that 19 00:01:16,284 --> 00:01:18,964 Speaker 1: kind of stuff you are welding heard hats, but you 20 00:01:19,004 --> 00:01:21,004 Speaker 1: know that sort of stuff that you see politicians do. 21 00:01:21,324 --> 00:01:24,524 Speaker 1: I didn't have to kiss many babies, and you predated 22 00:01:24,604 --> 00:01:27,003 Speaker 1: high vis as well, that's right, there was no high vis. 23 00:01:27,124 --> 00:01:30,283 Speaker 1: I was just normal vis. You were just visible. This 24 00:01:30,324 --> 00:01:33,044 Speaker 1: is a science. I but I think this story will 25 00:01:33,044 --> 00:01:37,564 Speaker 1: appeal to you, Brendan, and it is quite fascinating. About 26 00:01:37,604 --> 00:01:40,764 Speaker 1: three hundred and eighty million years ago, this is literally, 27 00:01:40,844 --> 00:01:43,563 Speaker 1: this isn't just my Beyond two thousand years, fish swimming 28 00:01:43,564 --> 00:01:46,164 Speaker 1: in the Devonian Seas carried a genetic program that would 29 00:01:46,203 --> 00:01:50,564 Speaker 1: later shape human hands. Well, a new study published in Nature, 30 00:01:50,604 --> 00:01:52,764 Speaker 1: so you know it's reputable. This isn't some sort of 31 00:01:52,844 --> 00:01:56,524 Speaker 1: crazy woo woo magazine. It reveals that the DNA switches 32 00:01:56,564 --> 00:01:59,804 Speaker 1: responsible for forming fingers and toes did not evolve from Finns. 33 00:02:00,004 --> 00:02:02,844 Speaker 1: It would always thought that Finns evolved into fingers and toes. 34 00:02:03,604 --> 00:02:08,323 Speaker 1: But in fact, these switches and these DNA changes are 35 00:02:08,324 --> 00:02:13,604 Speaker 1: you ready, were recycled from the kloaka, the bum a 36 00:02:13,644 --> 00:02:19,003 Speaker 1: fish bum the multi purpose excretory and reproductive opening still 37 00:02:19,004 --> 00:02:21,803 Speaker 1: found in many animals. Chickens have a cloaka. I think 38 00:02:21,884 --> 00:02:24,724 Speaker 1: reptiles do they have a cloaker. It all comes out 39 00:02:24,764 --> 00:02:29,403 Speaker 1: of one hole. Everything happens through one hole. So researchers 40 00:02:29,404 --> 00:02:32,964 Speaker 1: from the University of Geneva and other collaborators have traced 41 00:02:32,964 --> 00:02:37,324 Speaker 1: the connection using mice and zebra fish embryos. Both species 42 00:02:37,363 --> 00:02:41,964 Speaker 1: share a certain gene, the master architects of building bodies. 43 00:02:42,724 --> 00:02:46,524 Speaker 1: In mice, these genes light up in budding digits, guiding 44 00:02:46,564 --> 00:02:49,644 Speaker 1: their growth into digits. In zebra fish, the same genes 45 00:02:49,684 --> 00:02:57,284 Speaker 1: illuminate the cloaka oh both. When scientists then change that 46 00:02:57,483 --> 00:03:03,243 Speaker 1: DNA mouse digits failed to form zebrafish, the cloaka collapsed, 47 00:03:04,163 --> 00:03:07,724 Speaker 1: but the fins remained, so they said, the fins and 48 00:03:07,724 --> 00:03:11,404 Speaker 1: the fingers aren't related. The cloaca and the fingers are related. 49 00:03:11,603 --> 00:03:14,924 Speaker 1: Are you keeping up? I am? This genetic recycling is 50 00:03:14,964 --> 00:03:18,764 Speaker 1: known as evolutionary co option. It shows that nature builds 51 00:03:18,803 --> 00:03:23,124 Speaker 1: new structures not by inventing fresh systems, but by retooling 52 00:03:23,163 --> 00:03:25,683 Speaker 1: old ones, for example, the same way that an old 53 00:03:25,724 --> 00:03:28,883 Speaker 1: machine can be made from using other bits. So the 54 00:03:28,964 --> 00:03:34,684 Speaker 1: cloacal regulatory landscape was reassigned to sculpt digits as fish 55 00:03:34,803 --> 00:03:38,044 Speaker 1: ventured onto land. That's interesting. So it wasn't the fins 56 00:03:38,084 --> 00:03:42,204 Speaker 1: that became arms and fingers, it was your cloaka. So 57 00:03:43,204 --> 00:03:46,444 Speaker 1: the work reframes one of the great evolutionary transitions. To 58 00:03:46,564 --> 00:03:50,084 Speaker 1: move from fins to limbs. It wasn't a clean break, 59 00:03:50,524 --> 00:03:54,604 Speaker 1: It was a clever rewiring of ancient instructions. So every 60 00:03:54,724 --> 00:03:57,444 Speaker 1: finger that we flex today, do this with your handbread 61 00:03:57,444 --> 00:04:01,604 Speaker 1: and flex your fingers. Every finger that reflex carries the 62 00:04:01,684 --> 00:04:06,804 Speaker 1: legacy of a cloacal blueprint. So you're saying that man 63 00:04:07,363 --> 00:04:11,804 Speaker 1: and woman's hands came out of a fish's bum. Yes, 64 00:04:12,363 --> 00:04:14,684 Speaker 1: I'm glad you've paid attention and you've given us that 65 00:04:14,764 --> 00:04:16,844 Speaker 1: scientific summary. I like it when you put on the 66 00:04:16,924 --> 00:04:22,404 Speaker 1: lab coat. Thank you the cotton. Okay, kids, that's it 67 00:04:22,484 --> 00:04:25,124 Speaker 1: for today. Come back tomorrow from more of Chelsea and 68 00:04:25,244 --> 00:04:29,364 Speaker 1: a man that's cutting room for the cotton fall.