WEBVTT - Australia’s first moon mission explained

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<v Speaker 1>Already and this is the Daily This is the Daily OS. Oh,

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<v Speaker 1>now it makes sense.

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<v Speaker 2>Good morning and welcome to the Daily OS. It's Thursday,

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<v Speaker 2>the nineteenth of December. I'm emma, I'm Zara. Australia is

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<v Speaker 2>heading to the Moon. But if you're thinking of astronauts.

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<v Speaker 1>In space suits, think again.

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<v Speaker 2>After an eighteen month design process, the Australian Space Agency

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<v Speaker 2>has unveiled the prototype for the country's first lunar rover,

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<v Speaker 2>or RUVERA, as it's been nicknamed by the Australian public.

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<v Speaker 3>I don't think we should be trusting the Australian public

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<v Speaker 3>with any naming at this rate.

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<v Speaker 1>I thought we had low.

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<v Speaker 3>We let ourselves down time and time again. But this

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<v Speaker 3>robot RUVERA is completing a very real mission, and that

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<v Speaker 3>is to the surface of the Moon on a NASA

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<v Speaker 3>mission later this decade. The federal government has announced forty

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<v Speaker 3>two million dollars to fund the construction of the rover,

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<v Speaker 3>and it'll be developed by a group of companies and

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<v Speaker 3>universities selected by the Australian Space Agency.

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<v Speaker 2>Experts want to establish a sustainable human presence on the Moon.

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<v Speaker 1>So what does that mean and why?

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<v Speaker 2>To understand more, I reached out to someone who is

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<v Speaker 2>much more qualified than I am to talk about space exploration,

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<v Speaker 2>mechanical engineer Chloe Chang. Despite literally just graduating from monash Uni,

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<v Speaker 2>where she led a rover program, Chloe has been working

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<v Speaker 2>with Lunar Outpost Oceania. They are the technical lead of

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<v Speaker 2>the ELO two consortium. That's that group selected by the

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<v Speaker 2>Space Agency to develop this rover and she joins US now.

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<v Speaker 1>Chloe Chang, Welcome to the podcast.

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<v Speaker 4>Thank you for having me.

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<v Speaker 2>We are so excited to be talking to you today

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<v Speaker 2>about this announcement, but I wanted to take it back

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<v Speaker 2>to basics. First of all, why is Australia sending a

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<v Speaker 2>rover to the Moon?

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<v Speaker 4>Very good question. Australia is sending a over to the

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<v Speaker 4>Moon as part of NASA's Artemis program to support humanity's

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<v Speaker 4>return to the lunar surface. The robo will contribute to

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<v Speaker 4>the international efforts to explore the Moon, extracting resources like

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<v Speaker 4>regulars and see if there's water, there's oxygen in there,

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<v Speaker 4>and this will be essentral for future missions and also

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<v Speaker 4>sustaining a human presence on the Moon.

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<v Speaker 2>You've mentioned a return to the Moon obviously, you know

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<v Speaker 2>back in the Apollo missions several decades ago. The Moon

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<v Speaker 2>was a huge focus when it came to space exploration.

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<v Speaker 2>But why has it returned to focus.

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<v Speaker 4>It's returned to focus because I think there's a lot

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<v Speaker 4>long term that we can gain from space. Space has

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<v Speaker 4>infinite resources and power and is estimated to be a

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<v Speaker 4>one point eight trillion industry in the future. So it's

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<v Speaker 4>really important that Australia cements their space in the space

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<v Speaker 4>industry and be a part of that global market.

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<v Speaker 2>Let's talk about the prototype unveiled this week, RuvA.

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<v Speaker 1>What can you tell me about it?

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<v Speaker 2>What is it and what will this piece of robotics

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<v Speaker 2>I guess actually be able to do. Hi. Sorry, I'm

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<v Speaker 2>just gonna pop in here because Chloe mentions this word

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<v Speaker 2>regolith a few times coming up, and I was too

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<v Speaker 2>embarrassed to ask her what it means. So in case

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<v Speaker 2>you also don't know what it means, I just wanted

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<v Speaker 2>to let you know.

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<v Speaker 1>Regolith it's basically moon soil.

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<v Speaker 2>It's a term used to describe the loose rocks, dust,

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<v Speaker 2>other materials found on the lunar surface.

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<v Speaker 1>Back to the interview.

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<v Speaker 4>So this is a small microwave sized rover. It's about

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<v Speaker 4>twenty kilograms. It can traverse uneven terrain about one hundred

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<v Speaker 4>meters a day, and it's looking for interesting samples, collecting

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<v Speaker 4>lunar regoliths, looking for water, looking for oxygen. So that's

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<v Speaker 4>basically the basics of the mission. But our consortium elo

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<v Speaker 4>TO this year has developed four prototypes which have been

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<v Speaker 4>designed to test critical design aspects.

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<v Speaker 2>So I imagine the challenge is developing something that brings

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<v Speaker 2>all of those elements together. Because, of course, this rover

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<v Speaker 2>not only has to get to the Moon, which I

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<v Speaker 2>imagine is a mission in and of itself, but once

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<v Speaker 2>it's there, gather that information and then bring it home.

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<v Speaker 4>It's not coming home. It's staying on the Moon forever, forever. Well,

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<v Speaker 4>it probably will be recycled for maybe a later mission,

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<v Speaker 4>but it is going to the surface and it will

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<v Speaker 4>stay there.

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<v Speaker 2>Wow, a permanent rover on the Moon. So what are

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<v Speaker 2>the findings from this rover going to be used for?

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<v Speaker 1>How long will it take?

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<v Speaker 2>Sort Of, once we get the rover on the lunar

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<v Speaker 2>surface it starts doing its thing, when can we expect

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<v Speaker 2>some discoveries?

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<v Speaker 4>Tricky question. We don't know a lot about the Moon

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<v Speaker 4>as it is. We have the Lunar Conaissance orbit are

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<v Speaker 4>that NASA put up and that's our source of truth

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<v Speaker 4>and our most up to date data of the Moon,

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<v Speaker 4>but actual knowledge of the composition of the soil, especially

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<v Speaker 4>the poles. So this rover's going to the south pole.

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<v Speaker 4>There's not a lot of information around that, and they're

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<v Speaker 4>suspected to be water in the poles of the Moon,

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<v Speaker 4>which would be very important to sustaining a human presence

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<v Speaker 4>on the Moon and sustaining astronauts up there, so that

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<v Speaker 4>we're not bringing our own water on our and oxygen

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<v Speaker 4>to the Moon. So in terms of what we will discover,

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<v Speaker 4>I guess you know that the whole point of this

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<v Speaker 4>mission is to send a rover up there, have a

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<v Speaker 4>look around and see what we can find.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I'm really interested in this idea of establishing a

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<v Speaker 2>human presence on the Moon. We've heard from the Space

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<v Speaker 2>Agency this week that that is a major focus of

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<v Speaker 2>the international space community over the coming decades. But what

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<v Speaker 2>does that actually mean. What would a presence, a sustainable

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<v Speaker 2>human presence on the Moon look like.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, a sustainable human presence on the Moon involves establishing habitats.

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<v Speaker 4>Maybe they're made out of the lunar regolith itself. Maybe

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<v Speaker 4>we have robotic you know, huge robotic infrastructure, huge like

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<v Speaker 4>civil three D printers that take regulith and create our

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<v Speaker 4>own lunar bricks, because lunar regolith is able to shield

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<v Speaker 4>radiation and the thermal environment. So that's kind of one example.

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<v Speaker 4>But also, you know, infrastructure that allows astronauts to live

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<v Speaker 4>and work and carry out their scientific experience for extended

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<v Speaker 4>periods of time without constant resupply from Earth. So just

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<v Speaker 4>making sure we have good power systems, good communication networks,

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<v Speaker 4>life support systems, and of course food, water and oxygen.

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<v Speaker 2>So we're talking about a presence for scientific discovery purposes,

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<v Speaker 2>not necessarily an ambition to kind of establish human colonies

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<v Speaker 2>as an alternative to life on Earth.

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<v Speaker 4>I think the world wants to definitely head in that

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<v Speaker 4>direction of having a colony on the Moon, having a

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<v Speaker 4>colony on Mars. But in the coming decades, I think

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<v Speaker 4>it is purely research, understanding more about the environment, creating

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<v Speaker 4>a base on the Moon to then hop to Mars,

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<v Speaker 4>if that makes sense. It's about creating those highways to space,

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<v Speaker 4>to the Moon and then to Mars. I think in

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<v Speaker 4>the next few decades.

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<v Speaker 2>We'll be back with more of today's deep dive right

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<v Speaker 2>after this.

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<v Speaker 4>Here.

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<v Speaker 2>We have obviously heard a lot about Mars more recently

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<v Speaker 2>than we've seen conversation about the Moon. I suppose you know,

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<v Speaker 2>Mars rovers constant conversations around you know, is their life

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<v Speaker 2>on Mars?

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<v Speaker 1>Could we be all headed for Mars one day soon?

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<v Speaker 2>Why is it important also to investigate lunar exploration to support.

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<v Speaker 4>That Mars is really really far away? So being able

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<v Speaker 4>to get to the Moon, refeel, restock, and then head

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<v Speaker 4>over to Mars is one of those are key reasons.

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<v Speaker 4>And I think as well, the Moon is much closer.

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<v Speaker 4>You know, we're able to explore how technologies work, how

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<v Speaker 4>humans live in space on the Moon, which will be

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<v Speaker 4>relevant environments to Mars, not exact. So I guess it's

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<v Speaker 4>just a step closer to being able to create a

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<v Speaker 4>presence on Mars.

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<v Speaker 1>Why send a rover?

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<v Speaker 2>Obviously, space exploration in the twentieth century looked like men

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<v Speaker 2>in white suits going up into space.

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<v Speaker 1>Now it looks very different.

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<v Speaker 2>Have we moved away from human exploration in space?

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<v Speaker 4>I think we haven't moved away from human exploration. I think,

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<v Speaker 4>in fact, we're really coming back to that. You know,

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<v Speaker 4>NASA announcing therefore astronauts to return to the Moon as

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<v Speaker 4>part of the Artemis missions, which we're supporting. But why

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<v Speaker 4>send a rover first is because it's a lot safer,

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<v Speaker 4>a lot more cost effective, a lot more technically feasible.

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<v Speaker 4>You know, with a rover, you don't have to feed it,

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<v Speaker 4>you don't have to give it water, you don't need

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<v Speaker 4>to make sure it's inside a environment that has, you know,

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<v Speaker 4>the right pressure and the right oxygen. It also can

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<v Speaker 4>survive in much more extreme temperatures. You know, I don't

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<v Speaker 4>know about you, but I definitely wouldn't want to be

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<v Speaker 4>in negative one hundred degrees or one hundred degree heat.

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<v Speaker 4>So yeah, it's much safer, and we're able to achieve

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<v Speaker 4>the mission objectives with just a robot. So if we

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<v Speaker 4>can do what we need with just robotics, then it's

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<v Speaker 4>not risking human lives.

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<v Speaker 2>From the kind of construction and development side of things

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<v Speaker 2>with getting this project off the ground. How do you

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<v Speaker 2>test a rover in those conditions?

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<v Speaker 1>How do you.

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<v Speaker 2>Mimic an environment that is so desolate, a hostile that

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<v Speaker 2>doesn't really exist here on Earth to ensure that it's

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<v Speaker 2>going to safely make that journey and get there in

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<v Speaker 2>one piece and do its job.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, so it's a very rigorous systems engineering approach. So,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, one of the concerns is thermal environment gets

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<v Speaker 4>very hot and it gets very cold. Another concern is vacuum.

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<v Speaker 4>We are limited to certain materials that we can use

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<v Speaker 4>so that the rover doesn't outgas. We obviously are very

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<v Speaker 4>concerned about you know, going off in our rocket, the

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<v Speaker 4>shock and the vibrations that all experience, so it has

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<v Speaker 4>to be structurally sound. Of course, it needs to also

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<v Speaker 4>be considered from a radiation perspective, making sure we're shielding

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<v Speaker 4>it correctly and our electronics can work the way it's intended.

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<v Speaker 4>So yeah, there are a lot of aspects to the

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<v Speaker 4>environmental considerations that we test, and I think we you know,

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<v Speaker 4>start off with subsystem level testing and we'll test them

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<v Speaker 4>in sort of those unique environments that I mentioned, and

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<v Speaker 4>then we'll start you know combining like maybe we do

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<v Speaker 4>thermal and shock gun vibe at the same time.

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<v Speaker 2>And what's the timeline for the rover's first mission? When

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<v Speaker 2>are the experts with the consortium hoping to get this

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<v Speaker 2>up and running later.

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<v Speaker 4>This decade, But still I guess unconfus sorry, I cannot

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<v Speaker 4>say space secrets.

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<v Speaker 2>Is it surprising to you that this is the first

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<v Speaker 2>time Australia will send a lunar rover into space.

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<v Speaker 4>I never really thought that Australia would be a part

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<v Speaker 4>of something as historic as this, so it's definitely new

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<v Speaker 4>and very exciting, and I think when I did first

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<v Speaker 4>hear about it, it was a shock. But now it's

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<v Speaker 4>it's you know, I've been working on this for a

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<v Speaker 4>year and a half. It's my it's my every day.

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<v Speaker 4>But you know, this project allows Australia to showcase it's

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<v Speaker 4>engineering and technical innovation on an international stage and I'm

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<v Speaker 4>so honored to be a part of that.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, Chloe, you are recently graduated from university yourself. You

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<v Speaker 2>are incredibly young and successful in your field. I'd love

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<v Speaker 2>to know a little bit more about what your day

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<v Speaker 2>to day involvement looks like with the project.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah. I actually just graduated a couple of weeks ago,

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<v Speaker 4>so I'm very excited to work full time on this.

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<v Speaker 4>But my day to day changes, you know, day to

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<v Speaker 4>day because every day is a new challenge. It's always uh,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, how do we do this? We brainstorm, we

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<v Speaker 4>talk about risk, then we build, design, prototype, test, and

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<v Speaker 4>sort of validate and inform our next design. And there

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<v Speaker 4>are lots of different parts of the rover and lots

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<v Speaker 4>of different aspects of the mission that are beyond technical,

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<v Speaker 4>like operational. As I mentioned, sometimes you can design something

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<v Speaker 4>super well, but if it's not designed to be used

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<v Speaker 4>by humans or to complete the objectives of the mission,

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<v Speaker 4>you know, can dramatically affect your success. So yeah, I

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<v Speaker 4>would say it's very exhilarating. Definitely been challenged, learned a lot,

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<v Speaker 4>and increase my technical skills. So yeah, it's been it's

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<v Speaker 4>been a blast.

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<v Speaker 2>What are you most excited for about this whole project?

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<v Speaker 2>Considering you know, the ruver as we're calling it, from

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<v Speaker 2>start to finish, what are your big hopes for this one?

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<v Speaker 4>I think being in the mission control center and watching

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<v Speaker 4>it land on the Moon safely and drive across the surface,

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<v Speaker 4>I think we'd just break my mind. It's just a

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<v Speaker 4>culmination of a lot of people's hard work and a

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<v Speaker 4>lot of years, and we've got a lot of work

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<v Speaker 4>ahead of us. But I think that's what I'm most

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<v Speaker 4>excited for, and it will be an incredible moment of

0:13:26.040 --> 0:13:28.400
<v Speaker 4>pride for this nation. Yeah, and I also just want

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<v Speaker 4>to say, like, this isn't a once in a lifetime opportunity.

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<v Speaker 4>It's a once in a century moment. And I hope

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<v Speaker 4>that it won't be a once in a century moment

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<v Speaker 4>to be able to explore space, and that the generations

0:13:39.960 --> 0:13:43.120
<v Speaker 4>that come before us will be more involved. And I

0:13:43.120 --> 0:13:47.800
<v Speaker 4>think you know, to talk to younger viewers if they're listening.

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<v Speaker 4>You know, it's likely that the first person on Mars

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<v Speaker 4>is currently sitting in a classroom somewhere in the world.

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<v Speaker 2>Wow.

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<v Speaker 4>And the first person on Mas is most likely a woman.

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<v Speaker 4>So you know, you you have the opportunity to further

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<v Speaker 4>human explorations. So now is the time we have this

0:14:04.320 --> 0:14:07.920
<v Speaker 4>mission and we're standing on the cost of something really extraordinary.

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<v Speaker 2>Maybe the first person on Mars, he's a woman, and

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<v Speaker 2>maybe her name is Chloe Jank Chloe, thank you so

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<v Speaker 2>much for your time today. That was really, really fascinating.

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<v Speaker 2>We so appreciate you breaking it down for us, and

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<v Speaker 2>hopefully I'll chat to you in a few years time

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<v Speaker 2>from that mission control room.

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<v Speaker 4>Let's go, but so lovely to meet you m on.

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<v Speaker 4>Have a lovely day.

0:14:31.560 --> 0:14:34.760
<v Speaker 3>That's all we've got time for on today's podcast. Thank

0:14:34.800 --> 0:14:38.360
<v Speaker 3>you for joining us for that exploration of outer space.

0:14:38.760 --> 0:14:41.360
<v Speaker 3>We'll be back again this afternoon with the headlines you

0:14:41.520 --> 0:14:48.400
<v Speaker 3>need to know, but until then, have a wonderful day.

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<v Speaker 1>My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Adunda

0:14:51.240 --> 0:14:53.800
<v Speaker 1>Bungelung Calcoton woman from Gadigol Country.

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<v Speaker 3>The Daily oz acknowledges that this podcast is recorded on

0:14:57.800 --> 0:15:00.320
<v Speaker 3>the lands of the Gadighl people and pays respec to

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<v Speaker 3>all Aboriginal and torrest Rate island and nations.

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<v Speaker 4>We pay our respects to the first peoples of these countries,

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<v Speaker 4>both past and present.