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Speaker 1: Already and this is the daily This is the daily.

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Speaker 1: Ohs oh, now it makes sense.

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Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily OS. It's Thursday,

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Speaker 2: the eighth of August.

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Speaker 1: I'm zara, I'm Nanbini. Now you might have seen headlines

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Speaker 1: about Bangladesh, from violent protests to their prime minister fleeing

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Speaker 1: the country. What started as student led protests against a

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Speaker 1: job's quota has now led to political unrest. In recent days,

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Speaker 1: Bangladesh's president has assigned a Nobel Peace Prize winner to

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Speaker 1: lead an interim government. What does this mean for the

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Speaker 1: country and how did it get to this point. That's

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Speaker 1: what we'll try to answer in today's deep dive. But first, Sarah,

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Speaker 1: what's making headlines.

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Speaker 2: Childcare workers will get a fifteen percent pay increase over

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Speaker 2: the next two years under a federal government plan. Award

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Speaker 2: wages will increase for preschool teachers and after school care

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Speaker 2: work centers across the country. Prime Minister Anthony Albanizi said

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Speaker 2: he hopes the pay increase will boost productivity and will

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Speaker 2: provide quote real help with the cost of living, fair

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Speaker 2: wages for workers and economic equality for women.

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Speaker 1: A teacher in the south western Sydney suburb of Learnier

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Speaker 1: has been arrested and charged with sexual offenses. New South

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Speaker 1: Wales detectives responded to reports that a female teacher had

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Speaker 1: allegedly sexually touched a seventeen year old boy. A spokesperson

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Speaker 1: for the state's education department told media a teacher had

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Speaker 1: been stood down without pay.

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Speaker 2: Protests in the UK have spread across multiple new cities,

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Speaker 2: with UK PM kir Starmer calling out quote far right thuggery.

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Speaker 2: The protests were sparked by the stabbing of three young

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Speaker 2: girls in the northwestern English town of Southport. Far right

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Speaker 2: protesters have since gathered in several cities across the UK,

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Speaker 2: including in London, where they've clashed with police. Counter protests

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Speaker 2: have also fled up in recent days. Australians have been

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Speaker 2: reminded to exercise a high degree of caution when visiting

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Speaker 2: the UK, and.

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Speaker 1: For today's good news, a crowd has broken a record

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Speaker 1: for the biggest women's basketball attendance ever recorded in Europe.

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Speaker 1: During Australia's face off against France in the city of Lele.

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Speaker 1: The Ossie Opals beat France seventy nine to seventy two,

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Speaker 1: and a group phase game of the Olympics that was

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Speaker 1: attended by more than twenty seven one hundred people. The

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Speaker 1: stadium in Lele has hosted record breaking crowds for the

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Speaker 1: women's basketball over the past two weeks, topping twenty six

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Speaker 1: and a half thousand people for at least five games.

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Speaker 2: So, Nandini, I feel like this is a story where

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Speaker 2: I've seen lots of headlines, I've seen lots of vision,

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Speaker 2: but I do feel like if you haven't been here

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Speaker 2: for the whole time of reading into what is happening

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Speaker 2: into Bangladesh, it's a bit difficult to understand where we've

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Speaker 2: gotten too. Can you take us back and just explain

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Speaker 2: a bit of those headlines? Where does the story begin?

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Speaker 1: For sure? So Thunglandh has been making global headlines lately,

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Speaker 1: and we started to hear about these student led protests

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Speaker 1: last month, but in the past week tensions have really

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Speaker 1: ramped up with a complete uprooting of their government.

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Speaker 2: You mentioned that it all started with these student led protests.

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Speaker 2: What are they protesting? Why they're students in the streets.

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Speaker 2: What's it all about?

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Speaker 1: So these university students band together against a job's quota

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Speaker 1: that was enforced by the government. Essentially, this quota reserved

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Speaker 1: thirty percent of all public service jobs for the families

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Speaker 1: of veterans who served in the country's war of independence.

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Speaker 1: So a quick history lesson. Bangladesh formerly known as East Pakistan,

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Speaker 1: split from West Pakistan in nineteen seventy one and that's

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Speaker 1: when they created the country we now know as Bangladesh.

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Speaker 2: And so you're saying that the relatives of the veterans

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Speaker 2: of that war that you just mention, they are now

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Speaker 2: being given thirty percent of public sector roles in Bangladesh.

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Speaker 2: Is that right exactly?

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Speaker 1: And so students protested against this quota, arguing that jobs

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Speaker 1: should be given based on skill and merit instead of

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Speaker 1: family lineage. These protests ramped up, with more people getting

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Speaker 1: involved in demonstrations against the government and the police and

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Speaker 1: the military. Late last month, the government then reduced this

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Speaker 1: job's quota to five percent, but violent protests were still continuing.

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Speaker 2: And you've intimated it there, but we haven't explicitly spoken

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Speaker 2: about it. They have become violent, these protests and the

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Speaker 2: clashes between government police these protesters. What have they looked like?

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Speaker 2: What have these protests involved.

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Speaker 1: There's a lot of footage out there about these protests.

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Speaker 1: There's cars being burned buildings and statues being vandalized, and

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Speaker 1: a significant number of deaths. Reporting on the death toll, however,

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Speaker 1: really varies. Some outlets would say nearly one hundred deaths,

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Speaker 1: whereas other reports say around five hundred deaths last week.

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Speaker 1: The government tried to control these protests by introducing things

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Speaker 1: like internet and phone outages, city white shutdowns and cafews.

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Speaker 2: And so despite the restrictions that you just mentioned, the

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Speaker 2: protesters didn't stop. It continued until a point, right.

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Speaker 1: Yes, And if anything, students grew stronger in support from

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Speaker 1: the public, and they were calling for the Prime Minister,

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Speaker 1: Shek Hassina to step down, which she did.

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Speaker 2: And now this takes us to the next big part

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Speaker 2: of the story, which is about the Prime minister. And

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Speaker 2: I think now's a good point just to mention that

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Speaker 2: in Bangladesh there is both a president and a Prime minister.

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Speaker 2: But for the sake of this story, we're just talking

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Speaker 2: about the PM. So can you just explain who is

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Speaker 2: she and why did she step down?

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Speaker 1: So, Hassina was Bangladesh's longest serving leader and there were

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Speaker 1: strong calls from protesters for her resignation. Some important context

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Speaker 1: here is that her father, Sek Mujibur Rahman was the

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Speaker 1: first president of Bangladesh and he's also known as the

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Speaker 1: father of the nation. His party, it's called the Awami League,

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Speaker 1: was the ruling party of Bangladesh pretty much until this week.

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Speaker 1: In twenty twenty, the Human Rights Watch accused the Awami

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Speaker 1: League of silencing opposition and outlined allegations of fraud. At

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Speaker 1: the time, Brad Adams, the Asia director at the Human

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Speaker 1: Rights Watch, said there was quote international concern about the

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Speaker 1: Awami League's increasing bent towards authoritarianism.

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Speaker 2: Okay, I want to take this opportunity to just recap

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Speaker 2: where we're at. So this story starts with protests and

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Speaker 2: student protesters are angry about a government policy that would

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Speaker 2: see certain jobs allocated to the families of veterans who

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Speaker 2: served in a war. Those student protests have continued, they've grown,

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Speaker 2: and it has led to the resignation of the country's

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Speaker 2: prime minister, a female prime minister who was from a

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Speaker 2: party called the Awami League. That party had attracted some

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Speaker 2: criticism from the Human Rights Watch, And so now we're

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Speaker 2: in a situation where the prime minister has left the

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Speaker 2: country has resigned. What happens from there, so.

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Speaker 1: Hasina's resignation was announced by the Army chief. And in

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Speaker 1: this time where the prime minister is now gone has

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Speaker 1: stepped down, the military took control and they were in

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Speaker 1: control until an interim go could be formed. So an

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Speaker 1: interim government is a temporary body that aims to set

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Speaker 1: up a permanent government in a time of an emergency,

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Speaker 1: like in Bangladesh right now.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, And so who's leading this interim government if the

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Speaker 2: PM's gone?

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Speaker 1: So the Bangladeshi President. Now Bangladesh has a prime minister

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Speaker 1: and president. Their president has appointed Muhammad Yunis as the

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Speaker 1: leader of the interim government. So I'll give you a

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Speaker 1: bit of context on who Unis is. He was awarded

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Speaker 1: a Nobel Peace Prize in two thousand and six for

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Speaker 1: founding a bank that supports Bangladesh's poorer population by approving

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Speaker 1: smaller loans that wouldn't otherwise be approved by larger banks.

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Speaker 1: In other words, he developed this concept that we now

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Speaker 1: call microlending or microfinancing. Then in two thousand and seven

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Speaker 1: he proposed a new political party called Nagarik Shakhti, which

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Speaker 1: basically translates to Citizens' Power. But this party didn't hold

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Speaker 1: up because there was a lack of candidates.

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Speaker 2: Okay, so you've just mentioned there that he proposed a

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Speaker 2: new political party. It didn't take off, but he's presumably

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Speaker 2: not from the Awami League if he was setting up

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Speaker 2: his own party, right, So how does that work?

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Speaker 1: So here's it gets really interesting because assigning Unis as

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Speaker 1: the leader of the interim government wasn't actually the president's choice.

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Speaker 1: This was because of pressure and demands from student protesters

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Speaker 1: who said they wanted Unis to lead the interim government.

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Speaker 2: So traditionally the president would have appointed whoever the interim

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Speaker 2: leader was, but in this case, it was because of

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Speaker 2: the student protesters that someone else was installed.

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Speaker 1: Yes, there's so much pressure from these demonstrations. And it's

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Speaker 1: really interesting because he's actually been a longtime critic and

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Speaker 1: opponent of the now former Prime Minister Hassina. Unis was

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Speaker 1: charged with a range of things last year, including money

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Speaker 1: laundering and corruption. Human rights groups have claimed that these

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Speaker 1: charges were politically motivated under Hassina's power. Amnesty International card

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Speaker 1: for an end to this quote harassment and intimidation.

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Speaker 2: Wow, So there's this real like shifting of power in Bangladesh.

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Speaker 2: And I mean, I know that this isn't the biggest

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Speaker 2: part of the story. But something worth noting is how

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Speaker 2: much much of this change has come from young people

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Speaker 2: in the country, like they have quite literally installed a

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Speaker 2: new leader. It's quite remarkable to see from Afar.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, definitely, and look, most of these developments have played

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Speaker 1: out literally in the last few days. So it's a

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Speaker 1: story that's changing really fast day by day, and it's

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Speaker 1: one that we definitely want to keep an eye on

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Speaker 1: and find out what the future of Bangladesh's government looks like.

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Speaker 2: Thank you so much, Nandini, something I have learnt a

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Speaker 2: lot about and I know that our listeners will too.

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Speaker 2: Thank you so much for joining us today on the

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Speaker 2: back again tomorrow, but until then, have a great day.

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Speaker 2: My name is Lily Madden and I'm a proud Arunda

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