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Speaker 1: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda

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Speaker 1: Bunjelung Calcottin woman from Gadighl Country. The Daily oz acknowledges

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Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the

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Speaker 1: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres

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Speaker 1: Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the

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Speaker 1: First peoples of these countries, both past and present.

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Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily os It's Thursday,

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Speaker 2: the eighteenth of August. I'm Sam, I'm Zara. It's been

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Speaker 2: a big week in the discussion of treaties with First

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Speaker 2: Nations people. Victoria passed some landmark legislation and Queensland took

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Speaker 2: some important steps as well.

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Speaker 3: We were driven from our lands, murdered, herded onto reserves,

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Speaker 3: torn apart from our families. We've done unfairly, targeted and

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Speaker 3: discriminated against for generations that leased to change, and treaty

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Speaker 3: is the way that we can change that.

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Speaker 2: So what does this all mean and what's happening in

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Speaker 2: the rest of the country. We'll get into that in

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Speaker 2: the deep dive. But first, Sarah, what's making headlines this morning?

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Speaker 4: Former PM Scott Morrison yesterday in a very long press conference,

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Speaker 4: rejected calls to resign from Parliament. He defended his decision

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Speaker 4: to secretly appoint himself to multiple ministerial portfolios, which we

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Speaker 4: spoke about yesterday. He said that extraordinary decisions had to

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Speaker 4: be made during the COVID nineteen pandemic and that they

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Speaker 4: enabled him to act in quote the national interest.

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Speaker 2: The Australian Bureau of Statistics announced yesterday that wages grew

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Speaker 2: two point six percent over the last year, but in

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Speaker 2: the same period, prices have gone up by six point

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Speaker 2: one percent, so that means actually real wages have gone

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Speaker 2: down by three point five percent.

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Speaker 4: US President Joe Biden has signed off on a new

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Speaker 4: law that will invest three hundred and seventy five billion

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Speaker 4: dollars to fight climate change. This wide ranging bill, it's

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Speaker 4: called the Inflation Reduction Act, is the largest US federal

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Speaker 4: climate investment in history, and it'll also create a new

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Speaker 4: corporate minimum tax, which is estimated to raise over two

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Speaker 4: hundred and twenty billion dollars in revenue for the government.

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Speaker 2: And today's good news, the first ever Barbie doll with

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Speaker 2: a hearing aid was unveiled this week. The new Barbie

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Speaker 2: is part of a campaign that features a ken with

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Speaker 2: vitalaigo and dolls with a prosthetic limb and a wheelchair.

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Speaker 2: With Victoria passing a bill this week to legislate a

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Speaker 2: first nation's treaty authority, we thought it would be a

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Speaker 2: good opportunity to take a step back and look where

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Speaker 2: we're at as a country. Interestingly, Australia is the only

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Speaker 2: Commonwealth country that has not signed a treaty with its

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Speaker 2: First nations people.

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Speaker 4: I do think that that's interesting to consider, especially when

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Speaker 4: you think about the other Commonwealth countries and where they're

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Speaker 4: at intern of treaties. Take New Zealand for example, they've

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Speaker 4: had a treaty in place for over a century.

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Speaker 2: Right, Yeah, So that's the Treaty of Whitehungi, which is

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Speaker 2: an agreement signed in eighteen forty between the British Crown

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Speaker 2: and over five hundred married chiefs and to this day

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Speaker 2: right now in New Zealand, it's a legally recognized document

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Speaker 2: enforced by the courts.

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Speaker 4: Okay, So Sam, before we go any further, I think

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Speaker 4: that we should do a quick what is a treaty

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Speaker 4: for anyone that isn't perhaps across what we're.

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Speaker 2: Talking about in the context of First Nations people. I

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Speaker 2: think Senator Lydia Thorpe, who is a Gunny Gandhi Jimara

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Speaker 2: and dab Warung woman, has described it as quote a

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Speaker 2: mechanism for a negotiation of settlement. And what we've been

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Speaker 2: hearing as Australia has entered into this conversation of reaching

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Speaker 2: a treaty is that this is not a one way process.

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Speaker 2: All parties must be actively and equally involved in defining

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Speaker 2: its terms, agreeing to their obligations and must be satisfied

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Speaker 2: by a mutually beneficial resolution.

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Speaker 4: Okay, So earlier this week a really significant piece of

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Speaker 4: legislation passed in Victoria and it was to create a

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Speaker 4: First Nation's Treaty Authority.

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Speaker 5: Can you run us through that?

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Speaker 6: Well?

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Speaker 2: These discussions have actually been taking place in Victoria since

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Speaker 2: twenty sixteen. A First People's Assembly was set up in

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Speaker 2: twenty nineteen and they were tasked with advising the Victorian

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Speaker 2: government on how to move forward with this. What they

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Speaker 2: recommended was the formation of a Treaty Authority and that's

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Speaker 2: what we saw legislated this week. It basically enshrines in

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Speaker 2: law an independent umpire of sorts to oversee treaty negotiations

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Speaker 2: and this body is a first step in a three

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Speaker 2: phase process to establishing a treaty with the First Nation's People. Now,

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Speaker 2: the reason why this is a big deal Zia and

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Speaker 2: has been legislated in this way is because it means

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Speaker 2: the authority exists outside usual state bureaucracy, which means state structures.

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Speaker 5: Okay, so then who is running it?

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Speaker 2: Well, they don't answer to a minister. It will be

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Speaker 2: led entirely by First Nations people. First People's Assembly co

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Speaker 2: Chair Bangorng and Wiradjuri Elder Auntie Geraldie Atkinson spoken the

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Speaker 2: Victorian Parliament before the historical legislation was passed.

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Speaker 3: There's no escape in the harsh reality that Abtional people

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Speaker 3: have suffered immensely at the hands of the Victorian state.

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Speaker 3: We were driven from our lands, murdered, herded onto reserves,

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Speaker 3: torn apart from our families. We've been unfairly targeted and

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Speaker 3: discriminated against for generations. And it should be of no

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Speaker 3: surprise that many of our people find it hard to

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Speaker 3: place any trust in Parliament or have faith in government systems. Indeed,

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Speaker 3: all too often these are still the sources of ongoing injustices.

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Speaker 3: That needs to change. And treaty is the way that

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Speaker 3: we can change that.

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Speaker 5: Okay.

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Speaker 4: So now that we've seen this legislated, what happens next?

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Speaker 4: You mentioned that it was just one part of a

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Speaker 4: bigger process.

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Speaker 2: Well, if we look forward to the coming months, the

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Speaker 2: First People's Assembly and the Victorian government together we'll seek

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Speaker 2: to reach a green about the treaty negotiation framework and

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Speaker 2: that'll set the ground rules and process for the treaty negotiations.

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Speaker 4: Okay, And Victoria wasn't the only state that was talking

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Speaker 4: about a treaty this week.

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Speaker 5: Talk to me about Queensland.

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Speaker 2: This week Queensland Premier Anastasia paliche announced a First Nation's

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Speaker 2: Treaty Institute and a Truth Telling and Healing Inquiry. Palichet

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Speaker 2: signed a statement of commitment to quote confront our uncomfortable past. Now,

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Speaker 2: the next step in Queensland is to develop legislation to

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Speaker 2: enshrine the Treaty Institute and inquiry, and because of Palichet's

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Speaker 2: Labour government's significant majority, it looks pretty certain to pass.

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Speaker 4: All right, So we know both Queensland and Victoria are

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Speaker 4: moving forward with this treaty.

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Speaker 5: What about other states?

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Speaker 2: Well, Interestingly, the first Treaty was technically signed in Western

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Speaker 2: Australia in twenty fifteen. This took place in the form

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Speaker 2: of the Southwestern Native Title Sentiment, which was a negotiated

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Speaker 2: agreement between the Nunga people and the Western Australian government. Now,

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Speaker 2: as part of this agreement, the Nonga Peace received a

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Speaker 2: one point three billion dollar package relating to land, resources, governance, finance,

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Speaker 2: but also cultural heritage. The settlement included the transfer of

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Speaker 2: three hundred and twenty thousand hectares of land to the

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Speaker 2: Nungar people over a five year period and the granting

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Speaker 2: of certain rights to land that was not transferred.

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Speaker 5: Okay, so what about other states or territories.

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Speaker 2: There's several plans and consultation processes currently underway. There is

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Speaker 2: a Northern Territory Treaty Commission, which tabled a report in

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Speaker 2: Parliament in July and the government will formally respond to

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Speaker 2: it by the end of the year. There's also some

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Speaker 2: treaty progress in Tasmania as well as preliminary talks in

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Speaker 2: the Act.

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Speaker 4: Okay, So, Sam, the last time we spoke about a

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Speaker 4: treaty it was in relation to the Uluru Statement from

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Speaker 4: the heart.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and that would be for a lot of people.

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Speaker 2: Their main touch point with this idea of a treaty

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Speaker 2: in the news over the last eighteen months or so.

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Speaker 2: So in twenty seventeen, two hundred and fifty First Nation

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Speaker 2: community leaders gathered at Uluru to make a statement together

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Speaker 2: addressing this alien people about what needed to happen to

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Speaker 2: create a bit of future. Now there are three components, voice,

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Speaker 2: treaty and truth. We've spoken a lot about voice on

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Speaker 2: this podcast, but the treaty is one of the other

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Speaker 2: three components of the Uluru statement.

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Speaker 4: Okay, and you said we've spoken about voice, and that's

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Speaker 4: because we know that the government is prioritizing this.

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Speaker 5: Where are we up to with treaty at a federal level?

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Speaker 2: Well, because Prime Minister Anthony Albernizi has said that his

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Speaker 2: government will implement the Ulurus Statement from the heart in full.

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Speaker 2: This means that he has committed to the treaty, but

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Speaker 2: his number one priority, as you said, is the voice

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Speaker 2: to Parliament, which the government has said they will have

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Speaker 2: a referendum on where we'll all vote in the next

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Speaker 2: three years, so a treaty at a federal level won't

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Speaker 2: happen until after that referendum and.

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Speaker 4: The voice, so we know that treaty negotiations are happening

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Speaker 4: at a state and territory level, so then what role

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Speaker 4: does a federal treaty play.

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Speaker 2: Well, just before the last federal election, so we're kind

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Speaker 2: of talking early here. Billy Fitzsimon's, who is our editor

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Speaker 2: here at the Daily OS, put this to Linda Bernie,

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Speaker 2: a Warajerie woman who is now Minister for Indigenous Australians.

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Speaker 2: But keep in mind when Billy spoke to her, this

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Speaker 2: was before the election.

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Speaker 6: So if you think about the federal level, what is

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Speaker 6: it The federal government responsible for the Federal government is

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Speaker 6: responsible for the taxation system, it is responsible for the

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Speaker 6: social security system, it's responsible for defense, it's responsible for

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Speaker 6: national laws. So it could be that a national treaty

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Speaker 6: would pee up all elements for that, or some elements that.

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Speaker 6: It is a very very complex thing.

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Speaker 5: Thanks for joining us on the Daily OS.

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Speaker 4: If you learned something from today's episode, don't forget to

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Speaker 4: hit subscribe so there is a TDA episode waiting for

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Speaker 4: you every morning. We'll be back again tomorrow, but until then,

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Speaker 4: haven't had a ye