1 00:00:00,600 --> 00:00:03,720 Speaker 1: Already and this is this is the daily this is 2 00:00:03,760 --> 00:00:15,360 Speaker 1: the Daily OS. Oh, now it makes sense. Good morning 3 00:00:15,360 --> 00:00:17,639 Speaker 1: and welcome to the Daily OS. It's Tuesday, the twenty 4 00:00:17,680 --> 00:00:20,800 Speaker 1: eighth of May. I'm Sam, I'm Sara. In the last week, 5 00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:24,119 Speaker 1: there have been two major incidents of turbulence hitting commercial flights, 6 00:00:24,160 --> 00:00:28,080 Speaker 1: causing injury. Yesterday, twelve were injured on a Qatar Airways 7 00:00:28,080 --> 00:00:32,239 Speaker 1: flight from Dohart to Dublin while in the air over Turkey. Now, 8 00:00:32,240 --> 00:00:34,760 Speaker 1: in today's podcast, we're going to talk to a professor 9 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:38,280 Speaker 1: of aviation about why we're seeing a sudden spike in turbulence, 10 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:40,760 Speaker 1: if there's anything to be worried about, if we've got 11 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:43,159 Speaker 1: a flight soon, and why you should always wear a 12 00:00:43,159 --> 00:00:46,320 Speaker 1: seat belt. But first, Sarah, what is making headlines this morning? 13 00:00:49,720 --> 00:00:52,640 Speaker 2: As many as two thousand people are feared trapped beneath 14 00:00:52,680 --> 00:00:55,320 Speaker 2: the rubble of a landslide in Papua New Guinea. The 15 00:00:55,440 --> 00:00:58,760 Speaker 2: landslide struck a remote village in p Andng's Anger Province 16 00:00:58,880 --> 00:01:02,680 Speaker 2: early on Friday morning. Local authorities are currently working with 17 00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:05,920 Speaker 2: the UN after rescue efforts were hampered by road blockages 18 00:01:05,959 --> 00:01:09,240 Speaker 2: and shifting terrain around the site of the incident. The 19 00:01:09,360 --> 00:01:13,240 Speaker 2: UN and PMG's Defense Force are providing emergency shelter, food 20 00:01:13,280 --> 00:01:14,560 Speaker 2: and water to those affected. 21 00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:20,080 Speaker 1: Regional property values and rent prices have increased to record 22 00:01:20,200 --> 00:01:23,160 Speaker 1: high levels. That's according to new data from core Logic. 23 00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:26,240 Speaker 1: House prices in the regions are also increasing at a 24 00:01:26,319 --> 00:01:29,120 Speaker 1: higher rate than homes in the capital cities. In the 25 00:01:29,160 --> 00:01:32,640 Speaker 1: three months to April, property values in regional Australia grew 26 00:01:32,680 --> 00:01:35,680 Speaker 1: by two point one percent. That's compared to one point 27 00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:38,720 Speaker 1: seven percent growth in capital cities. Over the same period, 28 00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:41,560 Speaker 1: we also saw rents go up in regional areas. They 29 00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:44,160 Speaker 1: grew six point three percent. That's up from four point 30 00:01:44,240 --> 00:01:44,800 Speaker 1: nine percent. 31 00:01:46,920 --> 00:01:49,920 Speaker 2: As state of emergency has been lifted in New Caledonia 32 00:01:50,080 --> 00:01:53,800 Speaker 2: after deadly riots in the French territory this month. Seven 33 00:01:53,800 --> 00:01:57,320 Speaker 2: people died during protests, which came after France's lower house 34 00:01:57,360 --> 00:01:59,880 Speaker 2: passed a bill to allow French residents who have lived 35 00:01:59,920 --> 00:02:05,240 Speaker 2: in New Caledonia for ten years to vote in local elections. Protesters, 36 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:08,639 Speaker 2: some of whom belonged to the island's indigenous Canaric people, 37 00:02:09,160 --> 00:02:12,640 Speaker 2: argued the bill would threaten their political influence. French President 38 00:02:12,680 --> 00:02:15,920 Speaker 2: Emmanuel Macron confirmed the state of emergency would be lifted 39 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:19,520 Speaker 2: on Tuesday morning, after he visited the region last week. 40 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:25,280 Speaker 1: And today's good news. Australian paleontologists have discovered the fossils 41 00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:29,320 Speaker 1: of three never before seen ancient animal species, referred to 42 00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:33,320 Speaker 1: as the echidna puss. The monitorum species has characteristics of 43 00:02:33,360 --> 00:02:37,079 Speaker 1: both the Echidna and the platypus. Fossils dating back over 44 00:02:37,120 --> 00:02:40,239 Speaker 1: one hundred million years were found in Lightning Ridge in 45 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:43,800 Speaker 1: New South Wales. Professor Tim Flannery said it's like discovering 46 00:02:43,840 --> 00:02:49,760 Speaker 1: a whole new civilization, so Zara, This podcast episode might 47 00:02:49,800 --> 00:02:51,400 Speaker 1: not be for everyone, right. 48 00:02:51,360 --> 00:02:53,799 Speaker 2: I was going to say, I think if you are 49 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:57,960 Speaker 2: someone that is a scared flier or an anxious flier, 50 00:02:58,240 --> 00:03:00,400 Speaker 2: and or someone who's getting on a plane like I 51 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:02,959 Speaker 2: am later this week and just not in the headspace 52 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:06,200 Speaker 2: to want to listen to an entire episode dedicated to turbulence, 53 00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:09,320 Speaker 2: feel free to skip today's episode. We will be back 54 00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:12,160 Speaker 2: again tomorrow. But look, it's not for everyone. 55 00:03:12,400 --> 00:03:14,519 Speaker 1: Yeah, But I do think that these events over the 56 00:03:14,560 --> 00:03:17,760 Speaker 1: last couple of weeks, mainly the Singapore Airlines flight and 57 00:03:17,800 --> 00:03:20,720 Speaker 1: now this Guitar Airlines flight, has led to some very 58 00:03:20,720 --> 00:03:24,040 Speaker 1: interesting questions coming up in you know chat groups. 59 00:03:24,200 --> 00:03:26,160 Speaker 2: I was going to say, it's been dominating the group 60 00:03:26,240 --> 00:03:28,600 Speaker 2: chat for me about whether or not this is a 61 00:03:28,639 --> 00:03:31,720 Speaker 2: new thing. Yeah, this sort of very violent turbulence that 62 00:03:31,760 --> 00:03:35,200 Speaker 2: we've seen injuries and in some cases even death as 63 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:38,080 Speaker 2: a result of so very keen to listen to this chat. 64 00:03:38,160 --> 00:03:40,440 Speaker 1: There's also a whole climate change element we're going to 65 00:03:40,440 --> 00:03:43,760 Speaker 1: get into, so instead of us hypothesizing, I put these 66 00:03:43,840 --> 00:03:47,440 Speaker 1: questions to Professor Jason Middleton. He was the head of 67 00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:52,040 Speaker 1: unsw's Department of Aviation from nineteen ninety five until twenty seventeen. 68 00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:55,360 Speaker 1: He's also a commercial pilot himself. Now since then he's 69 00:03:55,360 --> 00:03:59,560 Speaker 1: been an emeritus professor looking at airborne research. Here's that chat. 70 00:04:00,520 --> 00:04:02,960 Speaker 1: Professor Middleton, thank you so much for joining us on 71 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:04,000 Speaker 1: the podcast this morning. 72 00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:05,880 Speaker 3: I'm pleased to be here. 73 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:09,960 Speaker 1: So we've seen two major turbulence events in the past week. 74 00:04:10,680 --> 00:04:12,360 Speaker 1: Is there something bigger going on here? 75 00:04:12,840 --> 00:04:16,240 Speaker 3: No, I don't think so. The whole issue of turbulence 76 00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:22,040 Speaker 3: is that it's highly unpredictable and it occurs because of 77 00:04:22,120 --> 00:04:24,760 Speaker 3: the basically the heat engine of the sun. The sun 78 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:28,640 Speaker 3: creates a lot of heat on the surface of the ocean, 79 00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:32,160 Speaker 3: and that heat is transferred to the atmosphere and creates 80 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:35,200 Speaker 3: clouds that is always going to be with us, and 81 00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:36,560 Speaker 3: it is difficult to predict. 82 00:04:36,800 --> 00:04:40,760 Speaker 1: Has there been more turbulence recorded in recent years than 83 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:45,839 Speaker 1: there was, say thirty or forty years ago, that. 84 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:47,440 Speaker 3: Or may or may not be the case of it's 85 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 3: been recorded. Remember that these days everyone has phones, everyone 86 00:04:52,640 --> 00:04:56,640 Speaker 3: has powerful equipment to record everything, whereas in the old 87 00:04:56,720 --> 00:04:59,919 Speaker 3: days they didn't. So a lot of things that are 88 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:02,800 Speaker 3: here to happen more often now perhaps don't happen more 89 00:05:02,839 --> 00:05:05,680 Speaker 3: often or only just recorded. It's happening more often. 90 00:05:06,080 --> 00:05:08,400 Speaker 1: Right, interesting, So basically what I'm hearing from you is 91 00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:11,320 Speaker 1: that you've seen I mean, we've had the Singapore Airlines 92 00:05:11,400 --> 00:05:16,200 Speaker 1: incident last week, We've had now a Qatar Airlines incident 93 00:05:16,320 --> 00:05:18,800 Speaker 1: in the last couple of days. Are you saying that 94 00:05:18,839 --> 00:05:22,040 Speaker 1: this is no cause for alarm and just almost kind 95 00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:24,839 Speaker 1: of part of air travel, but it's just being recorded 96 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:26,919 Speaker 1: more well at the moment. 97 00:05:27,080 --> 00:05:29,720 Speaker 3: We can talk about the possible influences of climate change 98 00:05:29,760 --> 00:05:33,640 Speaker 3: a little later, But yeah, the earth is warming fello 99 00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:37,360 Speaker 3: drastically in some ways, but in other ways. The impact 100 00:05:37,400 --> 00:05:42,440 Speaker 3: on local turbulence, for example, is unlikely to even be measurable. 101 00:05:42,920 --> 00:05:45,880 Speaker 1: Okay, so let's talk about that climate change idea. So 102 00:05:45,920 --> 00:05:49,119 Speaker 1: the general principle is experts have come out and said 103 00:05:49,520 --> 00:05:53,600 Speaker 1: as climate change progresses, turbulence will become more frequent. 104 00:05:54,360 --> 00:05:57,599 Speaker 3: I think that's true. But because there'll be more energy 105 00:05:57,600 --> 00:06:01,159 Speaker 3: in the atmosphere, the whole one is greater solar heating, 106 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:04,040 Speaker 3: you've got greater evaporation. And for people who want to 107 00:06:04,080 --> 00:06:07,640 Speaker 3: know the technical stuff, once evaporation happens, the water vapor 108 00:06:07,920 --> 00:06:12,159 Speaker 3: turns ultimately into droplets. From water vapor to droplets, there's 109 00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:14,400 Speaker 3: a release of what's called latent heat, the release of 110 00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:17,240 Speaker 3: a lot of heat, and that helps boil the clouds 111 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:20,240 Speaker 3: up or make some look as though they're boiling upwards, 112 00:06:20,440 --> 00:06:23,120 Speaker 3: and in fact they are. The convective turbulence is going 113 00:06:23,200 --> 00:06:26,159 Speaker 3: right up in the atmosphere to way above where normal 114 00:06:26,200 --> 00:06:26,960 Speaker 3: airliners fly. 115 00:06:27,640 --> 00:06:31,520 Speaker 1: You wear a commercial pilot yourself. Give me a sense 116 00:06:31,560 --> 00:06:34,080 Speaker 1: of what it feels like as a pilot when there 117 00:06:34,200 --> 00:06:36,000 Speaker 1: is an incident of turbulence. 118 00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:39,960 Speaker 3: I actually went into a thunderstorm inadvertently. Once the sky 119 00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:43,680 Speaker 3: gets a lot darker, the turbulence gets stronger. You have 120 00:06:43,760 --> 00:06:46,400 Speaker 3: your auter pilot on to try and help you keep 121 00:06:46,440 --> 00:06:49,560 Speaker 3: the aircraft straight and level, the turbulence gets the point 122 00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:52,279 Speaker 3: where if you're not banging your head against the roof 123 00:06:52,360 --> 00:06:54,600 Speaker 3: because the seatbell is holding you down, you're banging your 124 00:06:54,600 --> 00:06:57,159 Speaker 3: head inadvertently against the side of the cockpit. When you 125 00:06:57,160 --> 00:06:59,640 Speaker 3: get to that stage, you do a U turret and 126 00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:02,000 Speaker 3: gave back on your reciprocal direction and get out of 127 00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:04,800 Speaker 3: there as quickly as possible. That's the standard process, and 128 00:07:04,839 --> 00:07:08,960 Speaker 3: it's fairly scary because ultimately very severe turbulence can cause 129 00:07:09,040 --> 00:07:09,960 Speaker 3: damage to the aeroplane. 130 00:07:10,120 --> 00:07:16,280 Speaker 1: Could it be severe enough that the plane itself could crash. 131 00:07:14,560 --> 00:07:17,200 Speaker 3: Well, yes, or you have structural damage to the control 132 00:07:17,240 --> 00:07:20,360 Speaker 3: services for example. So yeah, all airlines will try and 133 00:07:20,360 --> 00:07:25,040 Speaker 3: avoid turbulence, so I'll avoid big thunderstorms. Now, the weather 134 00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:28,080 Speaker 3: radars that are in aeroplanes and not actually weather radars, 135 00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:31,240 Speaker 3: they're a bit like the Bureau of Meteorologies radar. They 136 00:07:31,240 --> 00:07:36,080 Speaker 3: are rain radars. They only get reflection from decent sized 137 00:07:36,360 --> 00:07:40,720 Speaker 3: water droplets, not from vapor, so that when you're flying 138 00:07:40,880 --> 00:07:45,320 Speaker 3: in an area where there's rain, the radar, even on 139 00:07:45,400 --> 00:07:47,360 Speaker 3: the best jets these days, will give you a lovely 140 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:51,600 Speaker 3: return of where the rainfall is intense, and you'll know 141 00:07:51,760 --> 00:07:55,320 Speaker 3: then to avoid that. But areas surrounding that might still 142 00:07:55,360 --> 00:07:58,440 Speaker 3: have strong updrafts and down drafts, but you don't see 143 00:07:58,480 --> 00:08:01,360 Speaker 3: them in the radar. Probably there, but you don't see 144 00:08:01,360 --> 00:08:02,000 Speaker 3: them in the radar. 145 00:08:02,960 --> 00:08:05,320 Speaker 1: So what you're saying is that there's ultimately a certain 146 00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:10,480 Speaker 1: level of unforeseen risks that come with turbulence. Is there 147 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:13,480 Speaker 1: an effort in the aviation community to build tools that 148 00:08:13,520 --> 00:08:17,160 Speaker 1: can better predict where that turbulence is coming from or 149 00:08:17,200 --> 00:08:19,480 Speaker 1: is that almost like kind of predicting God. 150 00:08:20,240 --> 00:08:25,520 Speaker 3: Well, trouble with turbulence is that it's momentary. So for example, 151 00:08:25,960 --> 00:08:28,360 Speaker 3: you can have a zone of turbulence which is really 152 00:08:28,400 --> 00:08:31,880 Speaker 3: intense for one or two minutes with down drafted up, 153 00:08:32,360 --> 00:08:36,600 Speaker 3: and then two minutes later it's gone. The meteorologists can say, look, 154 00:08:36,679 --> 00:08:39,040 Speaker 3: the atmosphere is fairly unstable at the moment. We're going 155 00:08:39,080 --> 00:08:43,120 Speaker 3: to have very intense growth of cumulus clouds and accumulate 156 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:48,920 Speaker 3: nimbus clouds. This will produce intense turbulence in patches. So 157 00:08:48,960 --> 00:08:51,200 Speaker 3: we know it's going to happen, you don't know exactly 158 00:08:51,280 --> 00:08:53,880 Speaker 3: where it is. So if you look at a smoke 159 00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:57,359 Speaker 3: from a fire, you'll see that you get these billows 160 00:08:57,480 --> 00:09:02,040 Speaker 3: of turbulence and the billows of turbulence are hoighly arising. 161 00:09:02,360 --> 00:09:04,840 Speaker 3: But along with that highly arising, you also get colder 162 00:09:04,880 --> 00:09:08,520 Speaker 3: air from surrounding entering say into a cloud, and that 163 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:11,760 Speaker 3: color air is denser and it sinks. So in a 164 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:14,680 Speaker 3: cloud where you've got very strong updrafts, you will also 165 00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:18,319 Speaker 3: have clean, dry air come in from outside at higher levels, 166 00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:22,880 Speaker 3: sinking through that cloud, creating a very strong downburst. Now 167 00:09:22,920 --> 00:09:25,040 Speaker 3: sometimes they go out the bottom of the cloud. When 168 00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:27,480 Speaker 3: they do that, they hit the ground. They're called microbursts. 169 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:29,880 Speaker 3: So an aeroplane one minute will be an updraft, the 170 00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:32,360 Speaker 3: next minute will be in a downdraft, and next minute 171 00:09:32,440 --> 00:09:35,200 Speaker 3: later the air will be relatively smooth. 172 00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:38,880 Speaker 1: That's really interesting, and I think ultimately a lot of 173 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:41,760 Speaker 1: our listeners at the moment are probably thinking about themselves 174 00:09:41,840 --> 00:09:44,240 Speaker 1: and their own air travel and perhaps a holiday they've 175 00:09:44,280 --> 00:09:47,480 Speaker 1: got coming up this year or next year. Is it 176 00:09:47,520 --> 00:09:50,880 Speaker 1: getting to the point where airlines should be enforcing seat 177 00:09:50,880 --> 00:09:53,960 Speaker 1: belt rules whenever you're in your seat, or do we 178 00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:56,600 Speaker 1: need to be thinking of extra safety precautions or are 179 00:09:56,640 --> 00:09:59,240 Speaker 1: you kind of maintaining that position you gave me earlier 180 00:09:59,280 --> 00:10:01,200 Speaker 1: that you know this is not out of the ordinary, 181 00:10:01,240 --> 00:10:04,199 Speaker 1: it's just in the media common sense. 182 00:10:04,240 --> 00:10:05,840 Speaker 3: I mean you need to get up and go to 183 00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:08,640 Speaker 3: the restroom. Occasionally when you're on a long site, I 184 00:10:08,800 --> 00:10:12,600 Speaker 3: like to stretch my legs to avoid DVT, for example. 185 00:10:12,960 --> 00:10:14,880 Speaker 3: So we do encourage people to get up and move 186 00:10:14,880 --> 00:10:17,720 Speaker 3: around a little bit. But the safety issue there was 187 00:10:17,720 --> 00:10:21,880 Speaker 3: that if everyone who was sitting had their seat belts 188 00:10:21,920 --> 00:10:25,280 Speaker 3: on it, then probably only the cabin crew and two 189 00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:27,240 Speaker 3: or three people who got up to go to the 190 00:10:27,280 --> 00:10:31,160 Speaker 3: restroom would be hurt. Now, most people are smart enough 191 00:10:31,280 --> 00:10:33,480 Speaker 3: not to get up in the middle of meal service 192 00:10:33,559 --> 00:10:36,240 Speaker 3: to try and get to the bathroom because the trolley's 193 00:10:36,320 --> 00:10:39,679 Speaker 3: in the way. Nearly all of the passengers during that 194 00:10:39,720 --> 00:10:43,480 Speaker 3: meal service should have had their seat belt on, even loosely, 195 00:10:44,120 --> 00:10:47,480 Speaker 3: and then most of them wouldn't have been hurt. Yes, 196 00:10:47,520 --> 00:10:50,319 Speaker 3: the poor old cabin crew would have still bounced off 197 00:10:50,320 --> 00:10:52,680 Speaker 3: the ceiling. Now, there is one subtle point to this 198 00:10:52,720 --> 00:10:55,800 Speaker 3: that I don't fully understand. It was in the afternoon. 199 00:10:56,360 --> 00:10:59,640 Speaker 3: If you've ever been in Singapore or Hong Kong, Singapore 200 00:10:59,640 --> 00:11:02,199 Speaker 3: particular well, which is right in the equator, you'll find 201 00:11:02,200 --> 00:11:06,120 Speaker 3: the big summer build ups happen. But Singapore ratio runs 202 00:11:06,120 --> 00:11:09,400 Speaker 3: between noon and about two pm. After two pm, the 203 00:11:09,440 --> 00:11:13,800 Speaker 3: big cloud build ups happen, and it gets quite intense 204 00:11:14,120 --> 00:11:17,720 Speaker 3: the afternoon from two pm to about six seven pm, 205 00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:21,240 Speaker 3: but also into the evening you get these huge cumulus 206 00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:26,240 Speaker 3: build ups. Everyone knows they happen. They happen regularly. Why 207 00:11:26,280 --> 00:11:30,600 Speaker 3: the crew didn't see these is a question that we'd 208 00:11:30,600 --> 00:11:33,920 Speaker 3: have to ask the crew to answer. They may not 209 00:11:34,000 --> 00:11:36,360 Speaker 3: have seen that on the radar. The radar might have 210 00:11:36,440 --> 00:11:40,400 Speaker 3: been showing no severe rainfall and those big talk cloud 211 00:11:40,440 --> 00:11:44,040 Speaker 3: tails off and you won't necessarily get rainfall. But why 212 00:11:44,080 --> 00:11:47,240 Speaker 3: they didn't look out the window and see this big 213 00:11:47,320 --> 00:11:50,440 Speaker 3: boiling mass of white cloud, We don't know. 214 00:11:51,080 --> 00:11:54,000 Speaker 1: Maybe Professor Middleton to end, I think we'd all benefit 215 00:11:54,080 --> 00:11:57,280 Speaker 1: from some reassuring words for somebody who's an expert in 216 00:11:57,280 --> 00:11:59,960 Speaker 1: this sector. Why should people feel good about flying? 217 00:12:00,160 --> 00:12:04,120 Speaker 3: Well, generally it's the safest form of transport. All pilots 218 00:12:04,120 --> 00:12:05,839 Speaker 3: of all airlines do a good job because you know 219 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:07,920 Speaker 3: their own skinners on the line. The pilot was always 220 00:12:07,920 --> 00:12:10,120 Speaker 3: the first to the scene of the accident if there's 221 00:12:10,120 --> 00:12:12,600 Speaker 3: an accident, right, and they do their best to fly 222 00:12:12,760 --> 00:12:16,640 Speaker 3: safely as well. People should be confident just to sit 223 00:12:16,679 --> 00:12:19,640 Speaker 3: in an airplane, but do as they're told, get in 224 00:12:19,679 --> 00:12:22,959 Speaker 3: their seat, put the seat belt on, and enjoy the 225 00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:25,280 Speaker 3: fly as best they can. I would find the Singapore 226 00:12:25,440 --> 00:12:28,400 Speaker 3: Lines tomorrow as readily as I would have flown with 227 00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:32,440 Speaker 3: them last week. They're no less safe than they were 228 00:12:32,520 --> 00:12:34,119 Speaker 3: last week or any other airline. 229 00:12:34,880 --> 00:12:37,360 Speaker 1: Good to hear from an expert who's dedicated his career 230 00:12:37,400 --> 00:12:40,120 Speaker 1: to aviation. Professor Middleton, thank you so much for joining us. 231 00:12:40,440 --> 00:12:43,319 Speaker 1: Thanks very much, Thanks so much for joining us on 232 00:12:43,360 --> 00:12:45,240 Speaker 1: the daily ours this morning, and I hope if you 233 00:12:45,280 --> 00:12:47,800 Speaker 1: are flying somewhere soon that you have a safe flight 234 00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:51,080 Speaker 1: and apparently always keep your seat belt on. We'll be 235 00:12:51,160 --> 00:12:53,480 Speaker 1: back again in your ears tomorrow morning. Until then, have 236 00:12:53,559 --> 00:12:59,439 Speaker 1: a great day. My name is Lily Madden and I'm 237 00:12:59,440 --> 00:13:03,040 Speaker 1: a proud Yunda Bunjelung Calcuttin woman from Gadaghl Country. 238 00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:06,760 Speaker 3: The Daily oz acknowledges that this podcast is recorded on 239 00:13:06,800 --> 00:13:09,280 Speaker 3: the lands of the Gadighl people and pays respect to 240 00:13:09,360 --> 00:13:12,000 Speaker 3: all Aboriginal and torrest Rate island and nations. 241 00:13:12,320 --> 00:13:15,240 Speaker 1: We pay our respects to the first peoples of these countries, 242 00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:16,560 Speaker 1: both past and present.