WEBVTT - What's going on with Israel and Hezbollah?

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<v Speaker 1>Already and this is the dailyas this is the Daily OS. Oh,

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<v Speaker 1>now it makes sense.

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<v Speaker 2>Good morning and welcome to the Daily OS. It's Tuesday,

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<v Speaker 2>the first of October. I'm zara, i'm emma. Over the weekend,

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<v Speaker 2>Hesbolla's longtime leader, Hassan Nastralla was killed by an Israeli

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<v Speaker 2>air strike in Lebanon. It marks a significant shift in

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<v Speaker 2>the region, with Nastrala having been in power for over

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<v Speaker 2>thirty years. In today's deep dive, we'll explain how we

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<v Speaker 2>got here and what it means for the conflict between

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<v Speaker 2>Israel and Hesballa moving forward. But first em what's making headlines.

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<v Speaker 1>The federal government has appointed After Malik as the Special

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<v Speaker 1>Envoy to combat Islamophobia in Australia. Malik will begin a

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<v Speaker 1>three year term on the fourteenth of October and will

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<v Speaker 1>report to the Prime Minister and the Multicultural Affairs Minister. Malik,

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<v Speaker 1>who has spent over a decade working in the New

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<v Speaker 1>South Wales premiers Department, said he doesn't tend to advocate

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<v Speaker 1>that quote one form of hatred is more important than another.

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<v Speaker 1>Both antisemitism and Islamophobia are unacceptable, he said. This week's

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<v Speaker 1>appointment comes nearly three months after the government appointed Gillian

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<v Speaker 1>Siegel as the Special Envoy to combat antisemitism.

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<v Speaker 2>The death toll of Hurricane Helene in the US has

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<v Speaker 2>risen to about one hundred people. Strong storm winds and

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<v Speaker 2>rain conditions have led to the destruction of homes and

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<v Speaker 2>businesses across the country's southeastern states. It's been reported that

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<v Speaker 2>supplies have been airlifted to areas heavily affected Due to

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<v Speaker 2>hundreds of road closures. More than five hundred people are

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<v Speaker 2>unaccounted for as the search continues and survivors wait for

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<v Speaker 2>phone towers to be reinstalled.

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<v Speaker 1>The University of Melbourne has appointed its first female Vice Chancellor,

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<v Speaker 1>with Professor Emma Johnston to take on the role. Johnston's

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<v Speaker 1>appointment comes after former Vice Chancellor Duncan Maskel announced in

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<v Speaker 1>April that he would be stepping down from the role.

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<v Speaker 1>The new VC will move on from her role as

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<v Speaker 1>Deputy Vice Chancellor of Research at the University of Sydney

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<v Speaker 1>to begin working at the University of Melbourne from February

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<v Speaker 1>next year.

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<v Speaker 2>And today's good news, Paleontologists have uncovered the fossilized skull

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<v Speaker 2>of a giant dinosaur. It's estimated to be seventy two

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<v Speaker 2>million years old. The dig was conducted by the Philip J.

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<v Speaker 2>Curry Dinosaur Museum in Canada. The dinosaur uncovered is believed

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<v Speaker 2>to be a Packy Rhinosaurus as Emma has just instructed

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<v Speaker 2>me more than four times, and the uncovered skull is

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<v Speaker 2>the second adult skull found by researchers, weighing in at

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<v Speaker 2>a hefty two hundred and seventy kilograms. The skull has

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<v Speaker 2>been nicknamed Big Sam nailed it. Over the weekend, the

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<v Speaker 2>leader of Hezbala, his name was Hassan Nasralla, was killed

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<v Speaker 2>in Lebanon by an Israeli air strike. In a statement,

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<v Speaker 2>the group said in Australia had been killed in a

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<v Speaker 2>strike on its central headquarters in the center of Beirut,

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<v Speaker 2>Lebanon's capital. He was killed alongside a number of other

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<v Speaker 2>high ranking members of Hesbela.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, so before we go into what happened on the weekend,

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<v Speaker 1>the impacts of that, why it was significant, I think

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<v Speaker 1>it's really important to take a step back, particularly when

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<v Speaker 1>stories like this develop. A lot of us can feel

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<v Speaker 1>left behind. Maybe we're missing pieces of the puzzle. So

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<v Speaker 1>I wanted to ask you to give us a little

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<v Speaker 1>bit of background on Hesbela before we go any further.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. So, Hesbela, the word itself is derived from the

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<v Speaker 2>Arabic term hizb Allah, which translates roughly to party of God.

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<v Speaker 2>It was established after Israel's invasion of Lebanon in nineteen

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<v Speaker 2>eighty two, as the country itself was grappling with a

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<v Speaker 2>civil war. Hesbela is based in Lebanon and receives funding

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<v Speaker 2>and training from Iran. Australia, alongside a lot of other

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<v Speaker 2>Western nations, lists Hesbela as a terrorist organization and its

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<v Speaker 2>manifesto specifically calls for the destruction of Israel.

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<v Speaker 1>And just to clarify, Lebanon as a country is governed

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<v Speaker 1>by a parliamentary democracy of elected officials, despite Hesbela's presence

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<v Speaker 1>in the region, right.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, exactly. So while there are members of parliament who

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<v Speaker 2>do represent Hesbela, it is not the governing party, as

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<v Speaker 2>for example, Kamas is in Gaza. It's a different situation there. So,

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<v Speaker 2>following its invasion in the nineteen eighties, Israel officially withdrew

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<v Speaker 2>from Lebanon in two thousand. At the time, the UN

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<v Speaker 2>drew up what it called a provisional border that was

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<v Speaker 2>between the two countries, and they called it the blue line.

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<v Speaker 2>That blue line has been monitored by UN peacekeeping forces

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<v Speaker 2>ever since that time. And I should say that the

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<v Speaker 2>relationship between Israel and Hesbela, it's a long and a

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<v Speaker 2>checkered one, and it would take its own podcast to

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<v Speaker 2>explain what has happened since that to how we got

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<v Speaker 2>to here. But for the sake of understanding these most

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<v Speaker 2>recent events, I think that where we need to begin

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<v Speaker 2>is on October eighth of last year, and that is

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<v Speaker 2>the day after Hummas's attack on Israel, and it is

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<v Speaker 2>the day that Hesbelah began firing rockets into Israel. At

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<v Speaker 2>that time, I'm quoting directly from Hesbala here it declared

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<v Speaker 2>to hum Us, our souls are with you, our history

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<v Speaker 2>and our guns and our rockets are with you. Now.

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<v Speaker 2>Since that time, the eighth of October last year, there

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<v Speaker 2>have been escalating cross border attacks between Israel and Hesbeala.

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<v Speaker 2>They've been continuing for much of a year. We are

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<v Speaker 2>now approaching that same timeline a year later, but they

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<v Speaker 2>have certainly escalated in the past few weeks.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, So Hesbela began launching rockets on October eighth, twenty

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<v Speaker 1>twenty three. We're now in October, nearly a year later,

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<v Speaker 1>as you mentioned, So what has the escalation looked like?

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<v Speaker 2>So for a while it was much of the same.

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<v Speaker 2>I said, it was those rockets, and then Israel was

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<v Speaker 2>retaliating and sending rockets back into Lebanon. But it kind

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<v Speaker 2>of looked that same way for the past eleven months,

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<v Speaker 2>and then last month Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Natanyahu said

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<v Speaker 2>that his cabinet had updated its war objectives to include

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<v Speaker 2>returning the residents of the north securely to their homes.

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<v Speaker 2>What he is referring to there is the residents in

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<v Speaker 2>the north of Israel who have been displaced due to

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<v Speaker 2>those rockets that we were talking about earlier, and so

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<v Speaker 2>according to the Natanyahu government, an objective of the war

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<v Speaker 2>was now to return those residents home, and that was

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<v Speaker 2>essentially saying that they were going to escalate their war

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<v Speaker 2>against Hesbolah.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, So we knew that this escalation was going to

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<v Speaker 1>be imminent. What form has that taken? How have things changed?

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<v Speaker 2>So, I mean it's taken a few different forms. The

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<v Speaker 2>first was just a day after the Israeli government updated

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<v Speaker 2>those war objectives, and that was when we saw those

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<v Speaker 2>pager and walkie talkie attacks happen across le So if

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<v Speaker 2>you weren't familiar with that story, the first of the

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<v Speaker 2>two attacks was targeting pages that were used by Hesbella members.

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<v Speaker 2>According to the group, those pages all exploded at once.

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<v Speaker 2>We understand that there were a couple of beeps and

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<v Speaker 2>then they exploded. That attack appeared to be targeting members

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<v Speaker 2>of the group, as I said, who owned those pages,

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<v Speaker 2>And through all of the reporting it appears they had

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<v Speaker 2>obtained those pages in an effort to not have their

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<v Speaker 2>communications tracked by Israel. Lebanon's Health ministry said that after

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<v Speaker 2>that attack, nine people, including some Hesbeala members, were killed

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<v Speaker 2>in the attack, and then thousands more were injured. It

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<v Speaker 2>was then just a day later that walkie talkies exploded

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<v Speaker 2>across Lebanon, killing twenty people, also including members of the group,

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<v Speaker 2>and injuring hundreds of others. And so those were the

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<v Speaker 2>two recent significant escalations and from there it's really grown.

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<v Speaker 2>It was just days later after those two attacks that

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<v Speaker 2>the Israeli military launched a campaign of air strikes, said

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<v Speaker 2>we're also targeting Hesbela members. Those strikes killed more than

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<v Speaker 2>five hundred people, in what became the deadliest day in

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<v Speaker 2>Lebanon since two thousand and six. The IDF said that

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<v Speaker 2>those strikes were quote proactive and extensive, and that they

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<v Speaker 2>were targeting both members of Hesbela but also basis so

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<v Speaker 2>the infrastructure of Hesbala. At the time, authorities didn't really

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<v Speaker 2>confirm how many of those killed had been members of Hesbala,

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<v Speaker 2>But what we did see happen was that Hesbela really

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<v Speaker 2>increased the number of daily rockets that they were firing

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<v Speaker 2>into Israel.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, so we've seen this significant intensifying of tensions, firstly

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<v Speaker 1>with those really targeted attacks in Lebanon you mentioned the

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<v Speaker 1>pages and the walkie talkies, to those more widespread, deadlier

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<v Speaker 1>strikes across Lebanon, and then the retaliation of more rockets

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<v Speaker 1>into Israel. So that pretty much brings us to last week.

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<v Speaker 1>Talk me through the weekend. What happened.

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<v Speaker 2>So over the weekend, as I mentioned at the time,

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<v Speaker 2>Hesbala's leader, Hassan Nasralla was killed, and he was killed

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<v Speaker 2>by an Israeli air strike that hit Hesbala's central headquarters.

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<v Speaker 2>To give you a bit of background into Nasralla and

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<v Speaker 2>to I guess just emphasize how significant this is. He

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<v Speaker 2>was elected as the secretary General of Hesbala in nineteen

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<v Speaker 2>ninety two. He was at that point aged thirty two,

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<v Speaker 2>so he had held this position for over three decades.

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<v Speaker 2>When he assumed the leadership, Hesbala was growing in dominance

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<v Speaker 2>in the south of Lebanon, but it was by no

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<v Speaker 2>means the power that it is today. In the decades

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<v Speaker 2>since he was appointed leader, the group had grown its

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<v Speaker 2>influence not just in Lebanon, but also across the Middle

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<v Speaker 2>East more generally. We know that Hesbala has fought alongside

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<v Speaker 2>Syria's President Bashah al Asad against the popular uprising back

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<v Speaker 2>in two thousand and eleven. What we also know is

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<v Speaker 2>that Nasrela had avoided public appearances since two thousand and six.

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<v Speaker 1>Wow, that's a long time, an.

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<v Speaker 2>Incredibly long time. I mean, he had been doing televised events,

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<v Speaker 2>and he had been doing all of that, but out

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<v Speaker 2>of fear of assassination, he had not been seen publicly.

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<v Speaker 2>And so I guess that just paints a picture as

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<v Speaker 2>to how significant it is that he was both found

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<v Speaker 2>and targeted in this air strike over the weekend.

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<v Speaker 1>And a man who has spent the majority of his

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<v Speaker 1>adult life at the hell of this group. So, given

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<v Speaker 1>the significance of Nozraala as a senior figure in this conflict,

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<v Speaker 1>what has the reaction been.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I think as expected, the response has been very

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<v Speaker 2>varied depending on who and where it is coming from.

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<v Speaker 2>So if we start with the US and Israel, who

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<v Speaker 2>of course are close allies to one another, they both

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<v Speaker 2>described Nostralla as a terrorist. Prime Minister Benjamin Natanier, who said,

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<v Speaker 2>and I'm quoting directly here, he said, we have set

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<v Speaker 2>alled accounts with someone who was responsible for the murder

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<v Speaker 2>of countless Israelis and many nationals of other countries, including

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<v Speaker 2>hundreds of Americans and dozens of French. Nosrala was not

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<v Speaker 2>just another terrorist, He was the terrorist. US President Joe

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<v Speaker 2>Biden said in a statement following the announcement of Nasralla's

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<v Speaker 2>death that his death from an Israeli air strike is

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<v Speaker 2>a measure of justice for his many victims, including thousands

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<v Speaker 2>of Americans, Israeli and Lebanese civilians. And one of the

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<v Speaker 2>points that Joe Biden made quite clear in his statement

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<v Speaker 2>was that he believes that Nasralla miscalculated on October eighth

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<v Speaker 2>in beginning to send those rockets over, and that's what

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<v Speaker 2>was really echoed by Kamala Harris in her statement as well.

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<v Speaker 1>You've mentioned Zara that Hesbela is controlled, resourced, directed by Iran.

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<v Speaker 1>So what has the Iranian response been.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I'd say starkly different to what we saw from

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<v Speaker 2>Israel and from the US, which is of course to

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<v Speaker 2>be expected. So Iranian state media reported that Iran's Supreme

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<v Speaker 2>Leader Iatollah Ali Khmani declared five days of national mourning

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<v Speaker 2>for Nusrala. He described Nosralla as quote a path and

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<v Speaker 2>a school of thought that would continue through Hesbella's activity

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<v Speaker 2>of significance. He said that Iran would continue its fight

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<v Speaker 2>to confront the enemy and that Israel would face crushing

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<v Speaker 2>blows as all regional resistance forces are ready to become involved.

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<v Speaker 2>And I think it's important there to just explain Hesbalah

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<v Speaker 2>is not the only proxy army that Iran has. We

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<v Speaker 2>have also seen the Huthis in Yemen be equipped, resourced

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<v Speaker 2>and directed by Iran. And there is also, of course

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<v Speaker 2>the connection between Hamas and Iran. On the latter point,

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<v Speaker 2>Hamas's previous political leader, Ismail Hania, was killed in Iran

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<v Speaker 2>on Iranian soil, and all of this really just shows

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<v Speaker 2>how deep this kind of regional conflict goes. Speaking now

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<v Speaker 2>of Lebanon, it has declared three days of mourning following

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<v Speaker 2>Maasrala's death.

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<v Speaker 1>So what happens from here? Obviously we have seen the

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<v Speaker 1>headlines for nearly a year now about concerns surrounding escalating conflict,

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<v Speaker 1>Israel's war in Gaza expanding, you know, across the Middle

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<v Speaker 1>East broadly, So what happens from here? Are we there now?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah? Well, I mean, in the days before Nastraula was killed,

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<v Speaker 2>there were already a number of nations calling for a

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<v Speaker 2>seasire between Israel and Hezbala. So it was I'd say

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<v Speaker 2>a very rare form of unity to see the US, Australia, Canada,

0:13:21.360 --> 0:13:25.600
<v Speaker 2>the European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, the

0:13:25.679 --> 0:13:30.280
<v Speaker 2>United Arab Emirates, UK and Qatar all come together and

0:13:30.360 --> 0:13:33.040
<v Speaker 2>call for a twenty one day ceasefire. And that was

0:13:33.080 --> 0:13:36.720
<v Speaker 2>to quote conclude a diplomatic settlement that enables civilians on

0:13:36.760 --> 0:13:39.520
<v Speaker 2>both sides of the border to return to their homes safely.

0:13:39.679 --> 0:13:42.280
<v Speaker 1>Wow, it's not every day you have most of the

0:13:42.280 --> 0:13:47.040
<v Speaker 1>world's most powerful Western democracies joining forces with the UAE

0:13:47.600 --> 0:13:51.040
<v Speaker 1>and Saudi authorities to sign a joint declaration exactly.

0:13:51.120 --> 0:13:53.920
<v Speaker 2>It was quite a big step, but of course that

0:13:54.200 --> 0:13:57.959
<v Speaker 2>was before what happened this weekend. Also before the weekend,

0:13:58.000 --> 0:14:00.559
<v Speaker 2>the US had committed to sending forces to the region

0:14:00.600 --> 0:14:04.840
<v Speaker 2>in response to what it labeled as increased tension, but

0:14:04.960 --> 0:14:08.480
<v Speaker 2>all of that changed this weekend. What happens from here

0:14:08.720 --> 0:14:12.959
<v Speaker 2>is unknown. In terms of hes Bala's senior leadership, it

0:14:13.120 --> 0:14:15.920
<v Speaker 2>wasn't just an Australa that was killed. We understand that

0:14:16.040 --> 0:14:19.120
<v Speaker 2>much of the kind of senior command has been killed

0:14:19.160 --> 0:14:22.760
<v Speaker 2>by Israeli forces, and that means that the group that

0:14:22.920 --> 0:14:26.240
<v Speaker 2>has reigned with such power for so long is now

0:14:26.320 --> 0:14:29.080
<v Speaker 2>really at the stage of having to rebuild. And what

0:14:29.080 --> 0:14:32.360
<v Speaker 2>that looks like in its newest iteration, we really don't

0:14:32.360 --> 0:14:34.640
<v Speaker 2>know at this stage. We also don't know where it

0:14:34.720 --> 0:14:38.360
<v Speaker 2>leaves the conflict with Israel. Hes Blah and indeed Iran

0:14:38.520 --> 0:14:42.600
<v Speaker 2>have committed to retaliation, but we don't know when, how

0:14:42.720 --> 0:14:44.880
<v Speaker 2>what that will look like, so we will have to

0:14:44.920 --> 0:14:48.080
<v Speaker 2>wait and see. Just to bring this closer to home

0:14:48.120 --> 0:14:50.800
<v Speaker 2>for a moment, over the weekend, there were a number

0:14:50.880 --> 0:14:54.040
<v Speaker 2>of protests and rallies held across the country that was

0:14:54.360 --> 0:14:56.480
<v Speaker 2>to mark what's called a National Day of Action for

0:14:56.560 --> 0:14:59.760
<v Speaker 2>Gaza that was being run by the Australia Palestine Advocacy.

0:15:00.040 --> 0:15:04.240
<v Speaker 2>At some of those rallies, people were holding signs of

0:15:04.600 --> 0:15:08.560
<v Speaker 2>either Nasralla himself, photos of the leader who had just

0:15:08.640 --> 0:15:12.680
<v Speaker 2>been killed, or of Hezbollah's own signage. And what we've

0:15:12.720 --> 0:15:15.920
<v Speaker 2>seen now is quite a strong political response to the

0:15:15.920 --> 0:15:19.360
<v Speaker 2>events of the weekend. From the government side. We've seen

0:15:19.400 --> 0:15:21.800
<v Speaker 2>Penny Wog, our Foreign Minister, come out and say we

0:15:21.880 --> 0:15:25.400
<v Speaker 2>condemn any indication of support for a terrorist organization such

0:15:25.440 --> 0:15:29.160
<v Speaker 2>as Hesbolah not only threatens national security but fuels fear

0:15:29.240 --> 0:15:32.360
<v Speaker 2>and division in our communities. All of us, including every

0:15:32.400 --> 0:15:36.560
<v Speaker 2>political leader, must stand together to reject terrorism and extremism.

0:15:37.200 --> 0:15:39.000
<v Speaker 2>And then on the other side of politics, we had

0:15:39.040 --> 0:15:41.560
<v Speaker 2>Peter Dudden and he has come out and demanded that

0:15:41.600 --> 0:15:45.760
<v Speaker 2>there be law changes and laws that are passed with urgency.

0:15:45.840 --> 0:15:49.600
<v Speaker 2>According to him, that would see visas canceled of people

0:15:49.680 --> 0:15:52.920
<v Speaker 2>that were seen to be supporting Hesbeala over the weekend.

0:15:53.760 --> 0:15:56.640
<v Speaker 2>In response, we had Home Affairs Minister Tony Burke say

0:15:56.640 --> 0:15:59.920
<v Speaker 2>that he would consider refusing and canceling visas for anyone

0:16:00.120 --> 0:16:03.040
<v Speaker 2>who seeks to incite discord in Australia and that he

0:16:03.120 --> 0:16:06.280
<v Speaker 2>condemned quote any indication of support for a terrorist organization.

0:16:06.600 --> 0:16:10.880
<v Speaker 1>And the Australian Federal Police have also responded since the protests,

0:16:10.880 --> 0:16:14.120
<v Speaker 1>They've said that they can't arrest someone for displaying images

0:16:14.160 --> 0:16:18.760
<v Speaker 1>associated with an extremist group, so the legislation doesn't exist

0:16:18.800 --> 0:16:21.840
<v Speaker 1>there yet. No doubt we'll see more conversation around this

0:16:21.920 --> 0:16:24.560
<v Speaker 1>over the weeks to come. Zara, thank you so much

0:16:24.600 --> 0:16:27.640
<v Speaker 1>for breaking that one down for us today. An incredibly

0:16:27.680 --> 0:16:31.080
<v Speaker 1>complex story and one that no doubt will continue to develop,

0:16:31.440 --> 0:16:33.280
<v Speaker 1>and we will keep you up to date here on

0:16:33.320 --> 0:16:34.040
<v Speaker 1>The Daily Os.

0:16:36.880 --> 0:16:39.160
<v Speaker 2>My name is Lily Madden and I'm a proud Arunda

0:16:39.400 --> 0:16:44.200
<v Speaker 2>Bunjelung Calcotin woman from Gadigl Country. The Daily Os acknowledges

0:16:44.280 --> 0:16:46.440
<v Speaker 2>that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the

0:16:46.480 --> 0:16:50.000
<v Speaker 2>Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres

0:16:50.040 --> 0:16:52.960
<v Speaker 2>Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the

0:16:52.960 --> 0:16:55.760
<v Speaker 2>first peoples of these countries, both past and present.