1
00:00:05,440 --> 00:00:08,239
Speaker 1: Good morning and welcome to a very special episode of

2
00:00:08,280 --> 00:00:11,360
Speaker 1: The Daily OS. It's Monday, the ninth of October. I'm

3
00:00:11,440 --> 00:00:14,320
Speaker 1: Zara and every day this week Tom will be bringing

4
00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:17,000
Speaker 1: you The Voice Explained, which is a series will be

5
00:00:17,079 --> 00:00:20,479
Speaker 1: running up until the referendum on Saturday. It's something that

6
00:00:20,520 --> 00:00:22,919
Speaker 1: we are really really proud of, so we hope that

7
00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:25,720
Speaker 1: you enjoy.

8
00:00:28,920 --> 00:00:31,160
Speaker 2: The question you'll be asked to vote on on October

9
00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:35,880
Speaker 2: fourteen is do you support adding an Aboriginal Antirest Island

10
00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:37,840
Speaker 2: voice to Australia's constitution?

11
00:00:38,159 --> 00:00:40,920
Speaker 1: Do you approve this proposed alteration?

12
00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:46,479
Speaker 2: That's the question. In one sense, our task is simple

13
00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:51,720
Speaker 2: deciding between yes and no. But the debate has been messy.

14
00:00:52,080 --> 00:00:54,680
Speaker 3: I worried about it that country, and.

15
00:00:54,640 --> 00:00:57,880
Speaker 2: It's left a lot of people confused. Ben So this

16
00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:02,680
Speaker 2: week I'm going to cut is. I'll take you across

17
00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:05,880
Speaker 2: the country. I'm Tom Crowley reporting on Yoweri country. Yes

18
00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:08,680
Speaker 2: and no perspectives straight from the source.

19
00:01:08,440 --> 00:01:11,280
Speaker 3: And I'm optimistic that Australians will vote. Yet, whatever the

20
00:01:11,319 --> 00:01:13,920
Speaker 3: outcome is, the nation will be bruised.

21
00:01:13,640 --> 00:01:16,680
Speaker 2: And show you a range of First Nations perspectives.

22
00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:20,120
Speaker 3: We need change now, will I don't trust the government

23
00:01:20,360 --> 00:01:21,240
Speaker 3: why should.

24
00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:24,960
Speaker 4: I Our children are voiceless, our women are voiceless.

25
00:01:25,080 --> 00:01:30,040
Speaker 2: Episode one, The Road to the Voice. There are plenty

26
00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:32,600
Speaker 2: of places that we could start this story, but let's

27
00:01:32,640 --> 00:01:36,839
Speaker 2: go right back. For at least sixty thousand years, these

28
00:01:36,920 --> 00:01:39,600
Speaker 2: lands have been home to a collection of distinct cultural

29
00:01:39,640 --> 00:01:43,080
Speaker 2: and language groups that we call the First Nations. About

30
00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:46,400
Speaker 2: two hundred and fifty years ago, British colonizers arrived, and

31
00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:48,600
Speaker 2: in the years that followed it's estimated that as much

32
00:01:48,600 --> 00:01:52,760
Speaker 2: as ninety percent of the pre colonization First Nation's population

33
00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:57,040
Speaker 2: was wiped out. In nineteen oh one, Australia's founding document,

34
00:01:57,080 --> 00:02:02,120
Speaker 2: the Constitution, specifically excluded First Nation people from policymaking, something

35
00:02:02,120 --> 00:02:05,360
Speaker 2: which continued until nineteen sixty seven, and there is a

36
00:02:05,440 --> 00:02:09,960
Speaker 2: long history of discriminatory policies from federal and state governments. Today,

37
00:02:10,200 --> 00:02:14,520
Speaker 2: disparities persist. First Nations people have worse outcomes compared to

38
00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:19,480
Speaker 2: non First Nations people on health measures, education measures, economic measures,

39
00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:22,160
Speaker 2: and this is something that just about everybody in the

40
00:02:22,200 --> 00:02:24,680
Speaker 2: Voice debate agrees needs to change.

41
00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:27,040
Speaker 3: We need to see better outcomes on the ground.

42
00:02:28,360 --> 00:02:31,280
Speaker 2: This is Jade Richie. She's a YES advocate from the

43
00:02:31,280 --> 00:02:33,160
Speaker 2: Bunda clan of the Garangarang nation.

44
00:02:33,560 --> 00:02:35,960
Speaker 3: You know, this is a matter of life or death

45
00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:42,040
Speaker 3: for us. I'm a mum raising two Aboriginal teenagers in

46
00:02:42,080 --> 00:02:45,359
Speaker 3: the Northern Territory right now, and it's the most beautiful thing.

47
00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:49,080
Speaker 3: But it's also terrifying because right now the statistics tell

48
00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:51,800
Speaker 3: me that my children are more likely to go to

49
00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:53,359
Speaker 3: jail than go to university.

50
00:02:55,639 --> 00:02:59,079
Speaker 4: There are people in the Aboriginal and corresporated on the

51
00:02:59,080 --> 00:03:01,880
Speaker 4: community who'll live in dreadful situations.

52
00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:06,400
Speaker 2: This is Nyungai Warren Mundane. He is a no campaigner

53
00:03:06,440 --> 00:03:07,280
Speaker 2: and a bungel young.

54
00:03:07,160 --> 00:03:12,000
Speaker 4: Man, probably worse standards than my family lived in back

55
00:03:12,040 --> 00:03:16,800
Speaker 4: in the fifties and forties. And it's horrifying to go

56
00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:17,960
Speaker 4: there and see that.

57
00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:22,240
Speaker 5: You know the closing the gap statistics. You know what

58
00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:26,880
Speaker 5: is rheumatic heart fever? And why is it so rampant

59
00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:31,800
Speaker 5: in the indigenous population and yet it's been completely eliminated

60
00:03:31,840 --> 00:03:35,119
Speaker 5: in the non indigenous population in the nineteen fifties.

61
00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:38,840
Speaker 2: This is Professor Marcia Langton, an academic, a Yuman and

62
00:03:38,920 --> 00:03:41,880
Speaker 2: vigital woman and one of the architects of the Voice.

63
00:03:42,120 --> 00:03:47,040
Speaker 5: Will live eight years less than any other Australian. But

64
00:03:47,080 --> 00:03:51,520
Speaker 5: that's just an average and it's much much worse in

65
00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:56,440
Speaker 5: many areas of Australia. And so people are dying fifteen,

66
00:03:56,600 --> 00:04:02,360
Speaker 5: twenty years, thirty years for their time, and so to

67
00:04:02,400 --> 00:04:06,160
Speaker 5: be born into the world as Aboriginal or Torres Strait

68
00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:11,240
Speaker 5: Island are now for most Indigenous people means that their

69
00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:16,400
Speaker 5: lives will be cut short, much shorter than other Australians.

70
00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:21,440
Speaker 5: I was with the party that took someone to the

71
00:04:21,520 --> 00:04:28,440
Speaker 5: morgue last week. People don't seem to understand what mortality

72
00:04:28,520 --> 00:04:31,600
Speaker 5: rate means. It means that people die. It means they

73
00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:32,680
Speaker 5: die right next to you.

74
00:04:38,920 --> 00:04:41,680
Speaker 2: So on both sides of this debate, there is agreement

75
00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:44,520
Speaker 2: that we have a problem. Something else that just about

76
00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:47,640
Speaker 2: everybody in this debate agrees on is that to change

77
00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:50,640
Speaker 2: these statistics, it's helpful to listen to the people who

78
00:04:50,720 --> 00:04:51,120
Speaker 2: live them.

79
00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:55,040
Speaker 3: I think that despite best efforts, if you're not hearing

80
00:04:55,080 --> 00:04:59,480
Speaker 3: things directly from the people who the policy and legislation concerns,

81
00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:03,600
Speaker 3: there is a real risk of that messaging being diluted

82
00:05:03,800 --> 00:05:06,480
Speaker 3: and the context being missing. And so the best thing

83
00:05:06,520 --> 00:05:09,159
Speaker 3: you can do is actually listen to the people who

84
00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:11,480
Speaker 3: those policies and legislation effect.

85
00:05:11,240 --> 00:05:14,719
Speaker 4: We've got now the traditional owner groups, the original and

86
00:05:14,800 --> 00:05:19,240
Speaker 4: First Nations as people talk about who I got getting

87
00:05:19,279 --> 00:05:21,200
Speaker 4: their land back. So there's about fifty five percent of

88
00:05:21,240 --> 00:05:24,560
Speaker 4: Australia's land masses now under control of these Natives toddlers,

89
00:05:25,040 --> 00:05:30,080
Speaker 4: and these people actually got a voice. They speak for

90
00:05:30,120 --> 00:05:30,760
Speaker 4: their country.

91
00:05:31,360 --> 00:05:34,719
Speaker 2: The idea that First Nations people should be represented in

92
00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:38,680
Speaker 2: the nation's capital and tell the government what their communities

93
00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:42,760
Speaker 2: actually need isn't a new idea. In nineteen thirty eight,

94
00:05:43,080 --> 00:05:45,720
Speaker 2: yor to Yutoman William Cooper sent a petition to the

95
00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:50,520
Speaker 2: King asking for Aboriginal representation in Australia's parliament. He argued

96
00:05:50,640 --> 00:05:54,080
Speaker 2: it would get better outcomes. Since that time, a number

97
00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:56,880
Speaker 2: of different bodies have been set up to involve First

98
00:05:56,960 --> 00:06:01,120
Speaker 2: Nations people in First Nations policies, but all of them

99
00:06:01,120 --> 00:06:04,080
Speaker 2: have since been abolished. The most recent example was the

100
00:06:04,080 --> 00:06:08,040
Speaker 2: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission or at SICK, which

101
00:06:08,080 --> 00:06:10,799
Speaker 2: was set up in nineteen ninety but dismantled in twenty

102
00:06:10,880 --> 00:06:14,200
Speaker 2: fifteen for advocates of a voice. The lesson from all

103
00:06:14,240 --> 00:06:18,160
Speaker 2: of this is simple, consultation works, but it's governments who

104
00:06:18,279 --> 00:06:18,960
Speaker 2: keep getting in the.

105
00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:21,479
Speaker 3: Way governments in the past have played a lot of

106
00:06:21,560 --> 00:06:25,000
Speaker 3: games with Indigenous people. We talk about political football, and

107
00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:28,840
Speaker 3: we've seen that in representative bodies being stood up and

108
00:06:28,839 --> 00:06:31,359
Speaker 3: then abolished and stood up by the next government and

109
00:06:31,440 --> 00:06:35,119
Speaker 3: abolished by the next government. We need the security.

110
00:06:35,080 --> 00:06:38,480
Speaker 5: Budget can roll on from year to year funding completely.

111
00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:43,599
Speaker 5: The wrong intervention that you know is not getting any outcomes,

112
00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:49,400
Speaker 5: any successful outcomes, simply because the executive government are wedded

113
00:06:49,440 --> 00:06:55,000
Speaker 5: to a policy position that's dictated by a minister, and

114
00:06:55,040 --> 00:06:58,040
Speaker 5: that is the primary reason why we're not closing the gap.

115
00:06:58,480 --> 00:07:01,400
Speaker 5: If they don't start to work with us in a

116
00:07:01,440 --> 00:07:05,919
Speaker 5: more collaborative and fruitful way, then you know the outcomes

117
00:07:05,920 --> 00:07:07,080
Speaker 5: will be so much worse.

118
00:07:07,640 --> 00:07:10,400
Speaker 2: This frustration was front of mine for First Nations leaders

119
00:07:10,400 --> 00:07:12,920
Speaker 2: when they gathered in twenty seventeen to talk about a

120
00:07:12,920 --> 00:07:18,320
Speaker 2: different question, constitutional recognition. This was an idea which you've

121
00:07:18,360 --> 00:07:21,600
Speaker 2: been around for a while, to add symbolic language to

122
00:07:21,680 --> 00:07:25,280
Speaker 2: our nation's constitution to recognize First Nations people as the

123
00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:26,400
Speaker 2: original inhabitants.

124
00:07:27,520 --> 00:07:32,120
Speaker 5: The recognition part is very important because we believe that

125
00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:36,440
Speaker 5: it will give Indigenous people dignity in the Australian nation

126
00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:42,280
Speaker 5: and rather than feeling like pariahs and outcasts. Having status

127
00:07:42,280 --> 00:07:46,200
Speaker 5: in the Constitution will mean that we're part of the

128
00:07:46,320 --> 00:07:53,600
Speaker 5: national fabric finally and recognized as the first people's and

129
00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:58,400
Speaker 5: not the wrong type of people to be socially engineered

130
00:07:58,480 --> 00:07:59,400
Speaker 5: and assimilated.

131
00:08:00,760 --> 00:08:04,920
Speaker 2: This idea of constitutional recognition also had broad political support,

132
00:08:05,080 --> 00:08:07,560
Speaker 2: and Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull had set up a council

133
00:08:07,840 --> 00:08:11,960
Speaker 2: to work towards a referendum on recognition. That council held

134
00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:16,240
Speaker 2: meetings across the country, but a consistent theme emerged. First

135
00:08:16,280 --> 00:08:21,080
Speaker 2: Nations people didn't want just symbolism. They wanted something tangible.

136
00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:27,320
Speaker 2: They wanted a voice. These conversations about the constitution ended

137
00:08:27,360 --> 00:08:31,440
Speaker 2: with a convention at Ularu two hundred and fifty First

138
00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:34,440
Speaker 2: Nations leaders were selected from across the country to agree

139
00:08:34,480 --> 00:08:38,120
Speaker 2: on a way forward. Two hundred and forty three agreed

140
00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:40,480
Speaker 2: on a statement which came to be known as the

141
00:08:40,600 --> 00:08:41,840
Speaker 2: Ularu Statement.

142
00:08:41,840 --> 00:08:46,040
Speaker 6: From the Heart, our Aboriginal in Terrestrate Islander tribes were

143
00:08:46,040 --> 00:08:49,920
Speaker 6: the first sovereign nations of the Australian continent and its

144
00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:55,240
Speaker 6: adjacent islands and possessed it under our own laws and customs.

145
00:08:56,679 --> 00:09:01,360
Speaker 6: This our ancestors did according to the Reckoning of our

146
00:09:01,400 --> 00:09:06,200
Speaker 6: culture from the creation, according to the common law, from

147
00:09:06,280 --> 00:09:11,319
Speaker 6: time immemorial and according to science more than sixty thousand

148
00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:12,400
Speaker 6: years ago.

149
00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:17,760
Speaker 2: Its number one element was a constitutionally enshrined voice to Parliament.

150
00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:21,640
Speaker 6: We call for the establishment of a First Nation's voice

151
00:09:22,200 --> 00:09:24,120
Speaker 6: enshrined in the constitution.

152
00:09:24,920 --> 00:09:27,480
Speaker 2: It would be an advisory body to speak to the

153
00:09:27,480 --> 00:09:31,600
Speaker 2: Parliament about matters relating to First Nations people. But right

154
00:09:31,640 --> 00:09:35,720
Speaker 2: from the start there was opposition to this idea.

155
00:09:36,080 --> 00:09:44,160
Speaker 7: This country, your system of government has been built on lies.

156
00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:46,040
Speaker 5: Lies.

157
00:09:47,640 --> 00:09:50,760
Speaker 2: This is Lydia Thorpe, a senator and a Jabworan Gunai

158
00:09:50,840 --> 00:09:53,680
Speaker 2: Gundijimara woman. Thorpe is part of a group of progressive

159
00:09:53,720 --> 00:09:56,960
Speaker 2: First Nations people who didn't like the idea of putting

160
00:09:56,960 --> 00:10:00,600
Speaker 2: an advisory body into the same constitution that had been

161
00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:02,280
Speaker 2: written by colonial powers.

162
00:10:03,400 --> 00:10:06,040
Speaker 7: And the referendum for the Voice to Parliament is a

163
00:10:06,080 --> 00:10:11,120
Speaker 7: continuation of these lives. The voice is the easy way

164
00:10:11,160 --> 00:10:15,079
Speaker 7: to fake progress without actually having to change a thing.

165
00:10:15,520 --> 00:10:17,640
Speaker 2: This is Thorpe speaking at the National Press Club a

166
00:10:17,640 --> 00:10:20,480
Speaker 2: few weeks ago as part of her campaign against the Voice.

167
00:10:20,840 --> 00:10:23,240
Speaker 2: But she's been opposed to the idea right from the beginning.

168
00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:25,400
Speaker 2: She was actually part of a group of seven people

169
00:10:25,480 --> 00:10:28,440
Speaker 2: who walked out of the ULARU convention in protest in

170
00:10:28,480 --> 00:10:29,319
Speaker 2: twenty seventeen.

171
00:10:29,559 --> 00:10:33,400
Speaker 7: Our people have never ceded sovereignty. We have never given

172
00:10:33,480 --> 00:10:36,520
Speaker 7: up our right to manage our own lands and our

173
00:10:36,600 --> 00:10:42,920
Speaker 7: own people. That is our constitution. We've got the oldest

174
00:10:42,920 --> 00:10:46,040
Speaker 7: constitution on the planet. Yours has only been here a

175
00:10:46,040 --> 00:10:47,160
Speaker 7: couple of hundred years.

176
00:10:48,120 --> 00:10:51,800
Speaker 2: Thorpe's criticism comes from the progressive end of politics, but

177
00:10:51,840 --> 00:10:54,920
Speaker 2: there were also concerns among First Nations people on the

178
00:10:54,960 --> 00:10:56,040
Speaker 2: other end of politics.

179
00:10:56,160 --> 00:11:00,320
Speaker 4: It's a committee, a group of people you are going

180
00:11:00,360 --> 00:11:05,400
Speaker 4: to advise government, and government doesn't have to accept that advice,

181
00:11:05,640 --> 00:11:07,160
Speaker 4: or it can accept that advice.

182
00:11:07,559 --> 00:11:12,400
Speaker 2: Yunguy Warren Mundane is a conservative who had supported constitutional recognition,

183
00:11:12,960 --> 00:11:15,160
Speaker 2: but he didn't like the idea of a voice, which

184
00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:17,480
Speaker 2: he thought would be the same as other bodies attempted

185
00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:18,040
Speaker 2: in the past.

186
00:11:18,600 --> 00:11:20,880
Speaker 4: To me, it was like a huge bureaucracy was going

187
00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:23,319
Speaker 4: to be set up. That to me seems a bit

188
00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:26,800
Speaker 4: weird because we've been doing this for fifty years. Since

189
00:11:26,840 --> 00:11:31,959
Speaker 4: the seventies, we've been having advisory committees who governments accept

190
00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:36,240
Speaker 4: their advice or don't accept their advice. So I don't

191
00:11:36,240 --> 00:11:41,400
Speaker 4: see the point in putting that in the constitution. For me,

192
00:11:41,559 --> 00:11:44,840
Speaker 4: I want practical outcomes and I want them to happen. That,

193
00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:48,120
Speaker 4: of course is going to take time. But if you

194
00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:50,200
Speaker 4: don't start the day, then it's going to take even

195
00:11:50,280 --> 00:11:50,880
Speaker 4: longer time.

196
00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:57,280
Speaker 2: Mundane's argument goes deeper than just whether the Voice will work.

197
00:11:57,559 --> 00:12:00,280
Speaker 2: At the Press club during the Voice campaign, ask the

198
00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:01,559
Speaker 2: referendum is divisive.

199
00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:06,000
Speaker 4: That's what the referendum and this ULARUS statement is all about.

200
00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:13,160
Speaker 4: Radical and divisive vision of Australia. Do we want to

201
00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:17,719
Speaker 4: be a country where people are divided by race permanently,

202
00:12:17,800 --> 00:12:22,480
Speaker 4: in conflict with each other over facts of history that

203
00:12:22,640 --> 00:12:24,280
Speaker 4: cannot be altered.

204
00:12:24,360 --> 00:12:27,560
Speaker 2: But for some division is already a reality. Here's Marcia

205
00:12:27,600 --> 00:12:30,040
Speaker 2: Langton again, one of the key architects of the Voice.

206
00:12:30,360 --> 00:12:33,280
Speaker 5: Is there anybody else in Australian society? Is there any

207
00:12:33,280 --> 00:12:37,480
Speaker 5: other ethnic group that is constantly told cease to exist,

208
00:12:37,520 --> 00:12:40,640
Speaker 5: cease to exist. We don't have to recognize you, stop

209
00:12:40,679 --> 00:12:45,720
Speaker 5: speaking your language, don't cook your food. It only applies

210
00:12:45,760 --> 00:12:51,440
Speaker 5: to us. We live in a soup of racism. It's

211
00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:55,920
Speaker 5: structural racism. Most people can't see it, don't recognize it,

212
00:12:56,280 --> 00:12:58,400
Speaker 5: and wonder what we're complaining about.

213
00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:05,240
Speaker 4: The couldn't be further from the idea of reconciliation. The

214
00:13:05,280 --> 00:13:10,800
Speaker 4: full manifest, though, is steeped in grievance. It sees Indigenous

215
00:13:10,800 --> 00:13:14,319
Speaker 4: Australians has trapped in victimhood and oppression.

216
00:13:15,720 --> 00:13:18,280
Speaker 2: Now we should emphasize that the views of Mundane and

217
00:13:18,320 --> 00:13:22,440
Speaker 2: Thorpe here are not the majority view. Pole suggests that

218
00:13:22,480 --> 00:13:26,200
Speaker 2: more than eighty percent of First Nations people support a Voice.

219
00:13:26,880 --> 00:13:31,559
Speaker 3: I think there is real opportunity here and we don't

220
00:13:31,840 --> 00:13:35,280
Speaker 3: get the luxury of being ideologues. We don't get the

221
00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:41,280
Speaker 3: luxury of sitting around waiting for something better. We need

222
00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:42,280
Speaker 3: change now.

223
00:13:45,280 --> 00:13:48,680
Speaker 2: So the Voice has divided some First Nations people right

224
00:13:48,720 --> 00:13:52,400
Speaker 2: from the start, but as the Voice headed towards Parliament,

225
00:13:52,520 --> 00:13:56,760
Speaker 2: a new type of political contention would emerge. Tomorrow, I'll

226
00:13:56,760 --> 00:13:59,480
Speaker 2: speak to key players in the Voice's journey through the

227
00:13:59,559 --> 00:14:00,400
Speaker 2: Nation's capital.

228
00:14:02,200 --> 00:14:05,120
Speaker 3: Whatever the outcome is, the nation will be bruised. And

229
00:14:05,120 --> 00:14:06,400
Speaker 3: it didn't have to be this way.

230
00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:14,280
Speaker 2: No nation has ever been made stronger, more unified by fear.

231
00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:17,360
Speaker 2: And we'll look at how an idea born at Ularu

232
00:14:17,840 --> 00:14:20,239
Speaker 2: ended up in the Canberra political crossfire.

233
00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:28,840
Speaker 1: Thanks for listening to this very special episode of the

234
00:14:28,920 --> 00:14:31,640
Speaker 1: Daily OS. I know I learned something, so if you

235
00:14:31,720 --> 00:14:34,480
Speaker 1: did too, then send it to a friend. It starts

236
00:14:34,520 --> 00:14:38,760
Speaker 1: a conversation, and right now, conversation is so important. This

237
00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:42,280
Speaker 1: episode was written and presented by Tom Crowley, produced by

238
00:14:42,320 --> 00:14:46,160
Speaker 1: Joe Kylie, and edited and mixed by Nina Copple. We'll

239
00:14:46,160 --> 00:14:48,920
Speaker 1: be back again with episode two tomorrow, but until then,

240
00:14:49,120 --> 00:14:51,000
Speaker 1: have a fabulous Monday.