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Speaker 1: This is a journey, this is pop up the valuele

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Speaker 1: Plesy releases The History of Sound.

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Speaker 2: Oh. This week we're going to look at the history

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Speaker 2: of sound and the National Film and Sound Archive of

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Speaker 2: Australia have currently teamed up with us to talk about it.

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Speaker 2: Today we're going right back to the start. We'll be

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Speaker 2: phonograph cylinder and welcome Torston Kating, the curator the National

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Speaker 2: Film and Sound Archive of Australia, Hallow Torston Sawston Welcome,

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Speaker 2: great to be with you. Thank you for joining us.

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Speaker 2: Now let's start with the first question. What is a

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Speaker 2: phonograph cylinder. That's a very good question.

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Speaker 3: Phonograph cylinder is the first really attempt at recording sound

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Speaker 3: that actually worked and was able to be played back.

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Speaker 3: If you think of the phonograph, if you think of

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Speaker 3: like a wooden box about the size.

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Speaker 2: Of a small sewing machine.

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Speaker 3: Onto that, you put a cylinder which is checked a

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Speaker 3: little bit like the inside of a toile. It roll

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Speaker 3: and originally they were made out of wax and you

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Speaker 3: put a needle on that and it'd be a huge

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Speaker 3: horn coming off it, and you did both record and

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Speaker 3: playback sound off of it.

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Speaker 4: Quite phenomenal. How how did the actual recording process work.

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Speaker 4: I mean, what's the magic.

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Speaker 3: The magic is is entirely acoustic, So the ris is

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Speaker 3: pre amplification, pre electricity, no microphones involved. Someone would go

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Speaker 3: up to the machine and they would yell or play

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Speaker 3: something down the horn, which would then move air down.

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Speaker 3: It would go onto a membrane which had a needle

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Speaker 3: on it. That needle would cut into the wax around

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Speaker 3: the cylinder, and when you wanted to play it back,

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Speaker 3: you put a different membrane and needle on it and

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Speaker 3: it would play back to sound out of that horn.

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Speaker 2: Wow, do you know what the first thing recorded on

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Speaker 2: one was by Keith Richards? I imagine possibly?

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Speaker 3: Possibly, No, that's a real big point of contention. Weren't wax.

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Speaker 3: They were actually made out of tinfoil, so those tin

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Speaker 3: foil ones don't survive, so we don't really know. And

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Speaker 3: claims it was him singing a nursery rhyme on it,

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Speaker 3: but we don't know for sure.

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Speaker 2: Edison was always putting his name up for his hand up.

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Speaker 2: What kind of crazy mind is this, you know, coming

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Speaker 2: to on that first? Who thought I'm going to make

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Speaker 2: a cylinder from tinfoil and we're going to record songs

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Speaker 2: on it. It's as incredible, you know it was.

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Speaker 3: It wasn't mistaken. And to his credit, Edison did take

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Speaker 3: credit for a lot of things, but he was no, no,

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Speaker 3: but he was actually the first one to do that

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Speaker 3: hoarding sound. So that was around eighteen seventy seven, about

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Speaker 3: twenty years beforehand, they had were the first attempts at

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Speaker 3: recording sound, but they were using magnetic devices to do that,

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Speaker 3: but that never really came to fruition. So Edison eighteen

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Speaker 3: seventy seven, with his tinfoil tube was the first one.

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Speaker 2: Imagine his shared to Austin, what was the maximum length

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Speaker 2: of you know that you could record on them?

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Speaker 3: Well, to start off with, when the first wax Cylanders

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Speaker 3: came out, because about ten years after the tinfoil they

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Speaker 3: moved to wax, which was much more robust. You're looking

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Speaker 3: at about two to three minutes. And that's no real

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Speaker 3: coincidence that the length of pop songs ever since it's

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Speaker 3: around about two to three minutes.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, Yeah, had the Beatles on.

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Speaker 4: The right, yeah, no long die straight album tracks on

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Speaker 4: the road, that's the one. Yeah, And how many times

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Speaker 4: could you play them over? Especially the wax ones.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, when they first came out in the eighteen eighties

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Speaker 3: early eighteen nineties, you'd get a couple of dozen plays

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Speaker 3: because every time the needle went into the wax, it

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Speaker 3: just took a little bit of that wax out.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 3: Yes, but they were actually were designed initially for dictation,

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Speaker 3: and you could actually shave. Yeah, you could shave the

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Speaker 3: wax off and re record on them, which is.

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Speaker 2: What people would do.

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Speaker 3: But as they got better at the technology and moved

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Speaker 3: into away from wax and started to use an early

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Speaker 3: form of plastics nitrate. Yes, you could get hundreds and

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Speaker 3: hundreds and hundreds of plays out of them, and we're

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Speaker 3: still able to play them today.

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Speaker 2: Oh, that is amazing. I did read that they may

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Speaker 2: have been used in some very early jukeboxes.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, there were lots of different ways that they were using,

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Speaker 3: but they really quite fragile. Oh yeah, and the cellulose ones,

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Speaker 3: so that never really worked as well as the flat discs.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, well, that's incredible. How much do people know about

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Speaker 4: this stuff? We're getting educated here today, but the people

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Speaker 4: obviously very curious about this kind of stuff, And do

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Speaker 4: people know much about it?

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Speaker 2: Tauston, There's lots of people that.

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Speaker 3: Know a huge amount about cylinders, and they were sold

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Speaker 3: in huge quantities. By the end of their sort of run,

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Speaker 3: so we're talking about the early nineteen teens to nineteen fifteen,

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Speaker 3: they were sold in hundreds of thousands all around the world,

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Speaker 3: so they're still everywhere now. We still get offers of

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Speaker 3: people who are cleaning out garages and sheds who have

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Speaker 3: huge amounts of wax and cellulose cylinders that they want

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Speaker 3: to donate to us.

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Speaker 2: Gosh, they'd go up. There was a fire that Gamble

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Speaker 2: Price movie Tauston. Are they used in any way for

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Speaker 2: any reason today?

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Speaker 3: No, they're really obsolete now. Yea once, once the flat

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Speaker 3: disc came in and took over from them, they were

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Speaker 3: used for quite a long time as for dictation. Ironically,

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Speaker 3: what Edison's originally had them for anyone who knows the

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Speaker 3: long running radio series Blue Hills, every episode of that

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Speaker 3: was the script was recorded on wax cylinders as as

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Speaker 3: a nictaphone. But nowadays no, it's just for the people

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Speaker 3: who are a little bit obsessed with them.

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Speaker 2: We've we've re recorded music.

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Speaker 3: On wax cylinders at the National Film and Sound Dark

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Speaker 3: Eye people like the Basics with with Gottcha did a

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Speaker 3: recording for us on wax.

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Speaker 2: Have done as well.

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Speaker 3: So yeah, people go to our website dot dot au

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Speaker 3: look up wax cylinders. You can actually go and listen

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Speaker 3: to those recordings and listen to how different acoustic recording

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Speaker 3: you is competed to amplified recording.

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Speaker 2: Incredible cylinder. I used to know, Yeah it was it

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Speaker 2: just a bit ginny was it two lady is?

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Speaker 3: It's really interesting. Some instruments are really hard to record

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Speaker 3: because it's about pushing air.

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Speaker 2: Down that.

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Speaker 3: Horn, so things like guitars, violins really difficult, whereas brass

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Speaker 3: instruments that's the one. Marches and comic songs and brass

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Speaker 3: bands were really popular on cylinders because they all produced

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Speaker 3: enough air to move that needle and get a great soundback.

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Speaker 2: Well, fascinating. It's a lot easier to store music today

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Speaker 2: than this would have been a room full of cylinders.

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Speaker 2: Justin thank you for getting us away on the beginning

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Speaker 2: of our history of We're going to talk to you

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Speaker 2: again later in the week. Absolutely pleasure, Thank you bye.

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Speaker 2: Now I learned about it things, had no idea about

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Speaker 2: that clzy do we do? You have an example there

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Speaker 2: of a nineteen ten recording of the song that we

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Speaker 2: all know, of course on New Years it feels like

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Speaker 2: New Years, doesn't at all. You're freny sing along. It's

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Speaker 2: not it's it's not twenty twenty five year sottle bit

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Speaker 2: crackly my place. Oh god, god, wow, it's amazing.

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Speaker 4: That's nineteen ten, as you mentioned, yeah by Frank C.

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Speaker 2: Stanley Free First World War. That's amazing, isn't it. Well,

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Speaker 2: that is amazing.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, So we've learned a hell of a lot there,

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Speaker 4: but we will learn more throughout the week as we

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Speaker 4: go through.

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Speaker 2: You know, the time sequence with sound. You know you

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Speaker 2: always avoided getting your thumbprints on your vinylie. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 2: imagine putting your thumb on your wack. I mean it

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Speaker 2: just didn't catch.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, we'll mention the kids, melting them down to say

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Speaker 4: I was trying to make candle man.

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Speaker 2: This is a journey.

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Speaker 1: It will pop up the value of crazy releases.

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Speaker 2: The history of sound. This week we are looking at

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Speaker 2: the history of sound and the National Film and Sound

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Speaker 2: Archive of Australia has kindly teamed up with us to

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Speaker 2: talk all about it. Today. We are looking at vinyl records.

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Speaker 2: I mean, who can forget doing this? That's a well

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Speaker 2: worn one. Is well sounded like that from the National

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Speaker 2: Film and Sound Archive of Australia. Crispian Windsor good morning, welcome.

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Speaker 5: Good morning, Yes, good to talk to you both, Thanks.

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Speaker 2: For joining us. Now, when was the first vinyl record made?

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Speaker 5: It was nineteen forty eight. That's when, so things start

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Speaker 5: to get a bit different than where shlack records up

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Speaker 5: to that point. But then they wind records to go

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Speaker 5: a bit longer and to be made of more of

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Speaker 5: a durable quality, and nineteen forty eight was the first

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Speaker 5: time that was done. And I think they were sold

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Speaker 5: in nineteen forty nine.

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Speaker 2: Include seventy eight and forty five, and.

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Speaker 5: Well seventy eights. Forty five was slightly later, so it

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Speaker 5: was seventy eight still in nineteen forty eight. Yeah, they

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Speaker 5: were certainly around on sheillac but that was still the

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Speaker 5: standard in nineteen forty eight until they started to get

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Speaker 5: the bigger thirty three C three inches C three up

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Speaker 5: in sorry yeah, yeah, twelve inches seven inch discs witch

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Speaker 5: of forty five revolutions permittent correct.

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Speaker 4: Okay, so what's Can you explain what schillacke is for

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Speaker 4: status so we can know we're going from because I

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Speaker 4: think of a Shalakan in the forty's what was.

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Speaker 5: Yeah, well it was a much different sort of piece

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Speaker 5: of material where it was very very brittle, and the

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Speaker 5: sound wasn't that great either, but it was very easy

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Speaker 5: to break and it didn't take much further things to

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Speaker 5: for She'll act just to shatter this, and yeah, the

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Speaker 5: sound wasn't fantastic either, so something had to be done.

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Speaker 5: I think at that point.

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Speaker 2: Why were there so many formats and recording lengths with

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Speaker 2: the vinyl album? There were a lot.

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Speaker 5: It took them a long time to come up with

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Speaker 5: the sort of a standardized size and format. There were

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Speaker 5: some the speeds at points sometimes it was a slow

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Speaker 5: at sixty revolutions per minute, and even as fast as

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Speaker 5: one hundred and thirty revolutions per minute, which is pretty fast.

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Speaker 5: It took a long time. They really didn't. The records

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Speaker 5: weren't standardized to seventy eight rpm until muchs later, and

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Speaker 5: then in nineteen forty eight is when there standardized more

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Speaker 5: into seventiesh discs and twelve inch discs.

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Speaker 2: H absolutely move.

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Speaker 4: We'll be into the second hand shop or spoken to

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Speaker 4: Nana and saying those really old heavy things they've built,

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Speaker 4: like yeah, they were very weighty, very sick, weren't they.

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Speaker 2: Absolutely, yeah, they're really heavy.

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Speaker 5: Yeah, I don't have any myself, but yeah, you can

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Speaker 5: still see them around in off tops and things like that.

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Speaker 5: At times.

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Speaker 2: I always used to be fascinated by the fact that

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Speaker 2: my albums just had the little hole to put, you know,

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Speaker 2: over the you know, onto the record player, and my

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Speaker 2: dad's old seventy eighths had like a big sort of

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Speaker 2: elaborate pattern in the middle that was cut out. Why

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Speaker 2: are the different cutouts, Well, that's a.

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Speaker 5: Very American thing, mainly with it was just the juke boxes.

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Speaker 5: So theah, yeah, we used to juke boxes. You can

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Speaker 5: still get them around, some people still make them with

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Speaker 5: a bigger hole, But basically it was the jukeboxes in

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Speaker 5: America primarily.

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Speaker 2: And as also, is that why they're measured in inches?

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Speaker 2: Just an American thing.

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Speaker 5: Totally, yeah, And for some reason that never changed when

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Speaker 5: it went around the World's always sayed changed yea seven

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Speaker 5: inch and.

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Speaker 2: Twelve inches because most of my twelve inch remix extended

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Speaker 2: versions that I waited six months to come to a

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Speaker 2: ride of those were coming from the UK. So yeah, yes, yes,

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Speaker 2: Christ that's the reason. What about rock and roll, I

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Speaker 2: mean rock and roll.

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Speaker 4: You know, the music changed, and so did the way

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Speaker 4: that people, young people bought music so that they really

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Speaker 4: annoy their parents.

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Speaker 2: It did change. Did the distribution changed to It didn't.

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Speaker 5: That, I really did, And I think a lot of

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Speaker 5: that was to do with the portability of record players

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Speaker 5: as well. You start to get really small one so

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Speaker 5: people could sort of take any words to anybody's houses.

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Speaker 5: And vinyl really was a big revolution that, especially the

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Speaker 5: forty the seven inch discs around that time. Singles start

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Speaker 5: to be extremely popular in the nineteen fifties from the

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Speaker 5: onset of rock and roll.

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Speaker 2: When did the first vinyl pressing plant open in Australia?

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Speaker 5: Well, it was actually CBS Records later Sony in nineteen

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Speaker 5: fifty four. That was the first one, and there used

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Speaker 5: to be several, but now there's currently only three pressing

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Speaker 5: plants in Australia.

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Speaker 4: Oh wow, isn't it? It started to pick up again

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Speaker 4: in recent times, isn't it?

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Speaker 2: That's the thing it has?

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Speaker 5: Yeah, So there's one, there's two of one called Zennis

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Speaker 5: and one called program N. It's originally was called cord

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Speaker 5: that was around for a long time, but the program

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Speaker 5: is fairly new that's been about three or four years,

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Speaker 5: and there's also a fairly new one in Brisbane court

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Speaker 5: Suitcase Records.

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Speaker 2: They are, of course, vinyl albums making a huge comeback.

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Speaker 2: What do you put it down to, Crispian.

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Speaker 5: I think I think with when they were basically replaced

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Speaker 5: by CDs, they're very the artwork's very small on those,

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Speaker 5: and then when CDs start to go and be replaced

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Speaker 5: by digital. I think there's a lot of people, including myself,

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Speaker 5: which just loves the physical, physical product, and I think

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Speaker 5: vinyl with the size, you know, it's a real effort

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Speaker 5: to listen to vinyl in a way. Yeah, I think

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Speaker 5: a lot of people really love that, you know.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, the learning experience all that. Yeah, the notes on

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Speaker 2: the album. You spent all day just lying there reading

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Speaker 2: that from beginning to end. Here the lyrics, the lyrics now.

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Speaker 5: Very important, Yeah, absolutely, And like I still remember lyrics

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Speaker 5: now just because I read them off vinyl back when

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Speaker 5: I the kids.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, hey christ and they were correct. Yeah.

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Speaker 4: This is want to go one of the clock back

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Speaker 4: to sort of like a sort of wartime, the First

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Speaker 4: and the Second World War and beyond that where servicemen

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Speaker 4: from the States would take blues records to the UK

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Speaker 4: and then eventually they ended up with a whole lot

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Speaker 4: of bands like the Stones and that with the British

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Speaker 4: invasion of the US, so it went all the way back.

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Speaker 4: But they were pretty pretty remarkable. So many people traveled

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Speaker 4: with records that didn't break.

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Speaker 5: Yeah, absolutely, And I think that was part of the

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Speaker 5: issue with Schilac originally. Yeah, got viny like that. Yeah,

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Speaker 5: I think that that was the reason why you're absolutely right.

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Speaker 5: I think a lot of people credit that's sort of

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Speaker 5: happening with Liverpool and the Beatles gainst so many records

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Speaker 5: because it was a port town there.

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Speaker 2: Of course, the main drawback of them, as we remember

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Speaker 2: was they would scratch and they would skip. Was there

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Speaker 2: were companies around the world trying the hardest to come

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Speaker 2: up with, you know, the magic answer to that, because

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Speaker 2: they would have made, you know, a mozza. Never no

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Speaker 2: one ever really did come up with an answer to it,

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Speaker 2: did they.

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Speaker 5: No, they they didn't, they didn't. I think the only

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Speaker 5: thing you can get around it is cleaning records from

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Speaker 5: the get go. I clean all my records, whether they're

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Speaker 5: old or new. And the way that gets rid of

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Speaker 5: dust and dust is a part of the problem where

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Speaker 5: you start to get skipping and to the sixth sense, scratching.

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Speaker 5: It's hard to get rid of scratches, of course, but

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Speaker 5: you can get of dust and started quite easily.

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Speaker 2: When you take it off, put it back in the bag,

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Speaker 2: don't just put it on the floorway put the next one.

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Speaker 2: To hear the end of that.

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Speaker 5: Exactly, Yeah, absolutely, I'm really poor on about all that stuff.

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Speaker 5: I don't have kids, so that probably helped.

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Speaker 4: Chrispian whether a couple of recent changes have been the

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Speaker 4: heavier vinyl. Can you explain what that means, because you know,

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Speaker 4: people spend seventy eight eighty ninety dollars on an album

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Speaker 4: now and in recent weeks we've given away these one

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Speaker 4: step albums that we gave away the last four weeks,

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Speaker 4: So what's the technology there, what's going on with those?

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Speaker 5: I guess a lot of those will be to do

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Speaker 5: with virgin vinyl, so they're not recycled. It's the first

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Speaker 5: batch of vinyl. It's that technically, that should mean it's

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Speaker 5: the best quality and there's nothing else happening happening to them,

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Speaker 5: so it's version file. They are a lot heavier as

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Speaker 5: a result, and that's that's the way around. That is

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Speaker 5: just the better quality, technically, the best quality you can get.

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Speaker 5: But but that does make them expensive.

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Speaker 2: Of course. Do you play vinyl at home or are

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Speaker 2: you a stream?

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Speaker 5: Oh no, no, I do stream as well, but I'm

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Speaker 5: very much final. I've got quite quite a large vinyl

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Speaker 5: collection and only DJ Vinyl was.

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Speaker 2: Well, what was your first vinyl record?

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Speaker 5: Yeah, I think I think it's hard to say, but

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Speaker 5: I believe it might have been this whole house by

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Speaker 5: Shaking Stephens.

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Speaker 2: I think so well for the chief people here. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: it was a green door, let me go.

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Speaker 4: It was like England's Elvis, wasn't he was?

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Speaker 2: That's great, we're not judging, not that I have to say.

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Speaker 5: It's not like I have it now.

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Speaker 2: By the way, mine was probably ABBA's Arrival, so I

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Speaker 2: wasn't really idea. I played that to.

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Speaker 4: Death mine with Sherbert's How's that? Only because I made

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Speaker 4: my sister's bed for two weeks. She goes, I'll buy you,

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Speaker 4: and I reckon. I lasted about three days. You still

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Speaker 4: bought it for me.

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Speaker 2: Very sweet, great Christian, thank you so much for giving

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Speaker 2: us a bit more insight into the history of vinyl.

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Speaker 2: And it's good to know that there are still some

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Speaker 2: places in Australia pressing them.

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Speaker 5: Yeah. Absolutely, And you can learn more about vinyl and

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Speaker 5: that Radio one hundred expression at an episode doc after

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Speaker 5: You're brilliant.

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Speaker 2: Excellent, Thanks Christian, Thanks very much. I can't believe you

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Speaker 2: know what are such a big amma fair everything ever,

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Speaker 2: I had so abber pillow case, a pillow case.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, you have a lunchbox? Oh probably, Yeah, I wouldn't

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Speaker 4: surprise me.

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Speaker 2: Have a T shirt the old beyond those albums.

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Speaker 4: Can I be honest with you when I was a

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Speaker 4: little kid man, maybe a Beyorn Star guitar out of

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Speaker 4: wood he's pretty good. Would he made a wooden starget tape?

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Speaker 4: You couldn't play it had no strings. He had said

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Speaker 4: it on fire though you could say that wasn't really

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Speaker 4: every style was more more.

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Speaker 2: Lisa More podcast Soon.

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Speaker 1: This is a journey in sound pop up, the value

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Speaker 1: of Lisa's The history of sound.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, well week we are looking at the history of

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Speaker 2: sound and the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia

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Speaker 2: have very kindly teamed up with us to talk about

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Speaker 2: the history of sound. Today, we're all about the cassette tape.

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Speaker 2: Welcome to Neil Hands from the National Film and Sound

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Speaker 2: Archive of Australia. Lo Toanil, Hey Toanil, Welcome, Hi, thanks

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Speaker 2: for having it.

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Speaker 6: You any opportunity to talk about your sound.

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Speaker 2: Same So take us back to Neil who invented the

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Speaker 2: cassette tape.

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Speaker 6: Yeah, well a compact cassette or cassette tape, yes, was

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Speaker 6: invented by the leu Ottens in nineteen sixty.

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Speaker 2: Three for Phillips nineteen sixty three. Well yeah, but I

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Speaker 2: mean at the time I probably would have thought it

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Speaker 2: was even longer ago than that.

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Speaker 7: It.

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Speaker 2: Dutch gave us the compact cassette as it used to

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Speaker 2: beat cassette and we ended up with a compact disc later.

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Speaker 2: But it was you know, the technology at the time

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Speaker 2: was probably pretty cool, although had its limitations.

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Speaker 6: Absolutely. So you know, the tape as we know it

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Speaker 6: consists of two small spools of one in one a

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Speaker 6: magnetic tape which is enclosed in a plastic case and

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Speaker 6: it fits in the palm of your hand, and so

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Speaker 6: the tape has two sides. You have to take it

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Speaker 6: out and flip it to play it. And there's roughly

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Speaker 6: only about sixty to one hundred and twenty minutes of recording.

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Speaker 2: Yes, and of course you had to fast forward now

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Speaker 2: the song you didn't lie.

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Speaker 4: I'm tumbling around with it right now trying to get

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Speaker 4: a song on.

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Speaker 2: So was it designed for anything, for something specific other

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Speaker 2: than you know what we used it for.

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Speaker 6: Mostly absolutely, So, you know, the origins of magnetic tape

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Speaker 6: are actually much earlier than the nineteen sixties. We've got

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Speaker 6: recordings on reels of wire in our collection that start

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Speaker 6: in the early nineteen hundreds and they were really intended

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Speaker 6: for field recordings or mostly on the domestic market for dictation, right.

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Speaker 6: But it was really you know, only as a lot

400
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Speaker 6: of companies began experimenting with tapes and with cartridges that

401
00:21:26,080 --> 00:21:30,119
Speaker 6: we got into a much cheaper, much smaller system. That

402
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Speaker 6: playing and recording became so much more accessible and so

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Speaker 6: you know, the first portable recorder available in Australia was

404
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Speaker 6: about eleven hundred dollars, which sounds like a lot, yeah.

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Speaker 2: But it was.

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Speaker 6: But all of a sudden, sound recording was being democratized.

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Speaker 6: I mean compared to a big studio system, parent having

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Speaker 6: a system in your house.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, the early computer it's very expensive. We were certainly

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Speaker 2: keen to lip that dictation in the bud were. Austin

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Speaker 2: said when we spoke to him on my day to Neil,

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Speaker 2: that that's what the phonograph cylinder was first. You know

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Speaker 2: four absolute dictation, right.

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Speaker 6: I mean why it changed for us is that the

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Speaker 6: biggest innovation with tape as opposed to disc recording is

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Speaker 6: that with tape you can cut out sections, you can

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Speaker 6: splice sections together.

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Speaker 2: So what we did was.

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Speaker 6: We moved away from that dictation and the recording actuality

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Speaker 6: and you're able to construct a creative work.

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Speaker 2: Yeah.

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Speaker 6: So what that meant is eventually we developed multi track

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Speaker 6: and stereo and lower distortion and it became a really cheap,

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Speaker 6: easy format for say, small underground acts in Australia. Yeah,

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Speaker 6: you've got perths the Triffids in the late seventies. Yes,

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Speaker 6: they had one hundred songs over their first two years

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Speaker 6: and they released six independent cassette tapes within two years

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Speaker 6: and they would sell them at gigs and that's how

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00:22:55,520 --> 00:22:58,480
Speaker 6: they quickly distributed and became one of the most popular

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Speaker 6: bands and talk about them.

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Speaker 4: It became It made the music more mobile as well,

432
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Speaker 4: didn't it. You could get out like my dad one

433
00:23:04,920 --> 00:23:06,520
Speaker 4: night went and saw Neil Diamond. I can't remember it

434
00:23:06,600 --> 00:23:08,280
Speaker 4: was soub Be Overall or the Whack and he recorded

435
00:23:08,280 --> 00:23:10,320
Speaker 4: the whole concert and the recording was awful because it

436
00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:12,840
Speaker 4: actually started wearing out. So the end of the game

437
00:23:12,920 --> 00:23:15,359
Speaker 4: like crunching out all this week us on his phone.

438
00:23:16,119 --> 00:23:18,679
Speaker 4: Yeah you could, yeah, but at least he got he

439
00:23:18,720 --> 00:23:20,399
Speaker 4: got a couple of songs. He got a couple at

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00:23:20,400 --> 00:23:21,840
Speaker 4: the start of the gig that sounded a right. I

441
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Speaker 4: don't know if he ever played again, but we became

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00:23:23,640 --> 00:23:25,240
Speaker 4: more mobile Momo with the music in.

443
00:23:25,359 --> 00:23:29,200
Speaker 6: We definitely, I mean, and especially when the Walkman came

444
00:23:29,240 --> 00:23:32,320
Speaker 6: around in nineteen seventy nine, all of a sudden, you

445
00:23:32,359 --> 00:23:34,760
Speaker 6: had a player you could take anywhere, you can listen

446
00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:36,760
Speaker 6: to it by yourself, and you can custom make a

447
00:23:36,800 --> 00:23:38,159
Speaker 6: soundtrack for your own life.

448
00:23:38,680 --> 00:23:42,520
Speaker 2: Well this is I mean, The Walkman changed my life

449
00:23:42,880 --> 00:23:46,280
Speaker 2: because I was able to sit in the backseat of

450
00:23:46,280 --> 00:23:47,920
Speaker 2: the car on a road trip. This is on the

451
00:23:48,000 --> 00:23:50,560
Speaker 2: days where Mum and Dad chose the music and if

452
00:23:50,560 --> 00:23:52,880
Speaker 2: you didn't like it, I could sit in the back

453
00:23:52,920 --> 00:23:55,240
Speaker 2: and I could listen to David Bowie or whatever while

454
00:23:55,280 --> 00:23:58,040
Speaker 2: they've got Max Bargraves playing on their cassette tape in

455
00:23:58,080 --> 00:24:00,000
Speaker 2: the car sing along the mac and it was absolute.

456
00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:08,120
Speaker 2: It was freedom. Yeah, oh and that destiny pretty much choice.

457
00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:11,520
Speaker 6: That's why it became the leading format from nineteen eighty

458
00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:14,160
Speaker 6: four to nineteen eighty two. I mean, the Walkman changed

459
00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:17,560
Speaker 6: everyone's lives, but we still had you know, there was

460
00:24:17,600 --> 00:24:20,320
Speaker 6: so much development and a real boom in cassette players.

461
00:24:20,400 --> 00:24:23,760
Speaker 6: We had them in cars from the nineteen sixty eight.

462
00:24:24,880 --> 00:24:27,320
Speaker 6: It really made it portable and enjoyable and it was

463
00:24:27,359 --> 00:24:30,720
Speaker 6: really picked up by surfers, you know, bringing them out

464
00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:32,560
Speaker 6: and playing them out the back of the vans and

465
00:24:32,600 --> 00:24:37,840
Speaker 6: blasting skyhooks and really did amazing things for the Australian industry.

466
00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:40,120
Speaker 4: Yeah, they replaced the smaller cassettes, replacing the old eye

467
00:24:40,119 --> 00:24:41,480
Speaker 4: track because a lot of people are the eye tracks

468
00:24:41,480 --> 00:24:43,359
Speaker 4: in the curve something else.

469
00:24:43,359 --> 00:24:47,760
Speaker 2: Absolutely, that was you know, probably it wasn't the right thing,

470
00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:50,920
Speaker 2: but it was life changing. The cassettes was coming back

471
00:24:50,920 --> 00:24:53,919
Speaker 2: from Bali with a suitcase full of the dam things.

472
00:24:54,760 --> 00:24:59,439
Speaker 2: I mean, was this the very first example of pirating music.

473
00:25:01,320 --> 00:25:02,400
Speaker 2: I don't know if it's.

474
00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:05,199
Speaker 6: The first example because we're kind of wily, but I

475
00:25:05,200 --> 00:25:10,320
Speaker 6: would say it definitely was a big concern for the

476
00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:13,359
Speaker 6: strain industry. They estimated that it was costing them about

477
00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:16,679
Speaker 6: four hundred and forty point eight million, and that's not

478
00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:20,240
Speaker 6: including just how easy tapes were to shop lift compared

479
00:25:20,280 --> 00:25:20,760
Speaker 6: to an LP.

480
00:25:21,080 --> 00:25:24,000
Speaker 2: Yeah. I never gave that a pretty small slippy, but

481
00:25:24,600 --> 00:25:26,359
Speaker 2: I did pick them a few pirate copies.

482
00:25:26,680 --> 00:25:29,040
Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, you might make them a mixtape so you

483
00:25:29,080 --> 00:25:32,119
Speaker 4: don't have to buy the album you know you album?

484
00:25:32,200 --> 00:25:36,720
Speaker 2: No, I don't have to. Mixtapes were the first dating apps,

485
00:25:36,760 --> 00:25:39,680
Speaker 2: in my opinion, because we didn't know, we didn't have

486
00:25:39,960 --> 00:25:43,159
Speaker 2: social media to flirt. I found that the best. I

487
00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:47,199
Speaker 2: think if there was someone you liked, you made them

488
00:25:47,240 --> 00:25:49,800
Speaker 2: a mixtape. Oh really and that was the key to

489
00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:50,800
Speaker 2: their heart? Did you do that?

490
00:25:51,240 --> 00:25:51,440
Speaker 5: Yes?

491
00:25:52,680 --> 00:25:53,480
Speaker 2: Many looks.

492
00:25:53,640 --> 00:25:55,800
Speaker 6: If you didn't make a mixtape for someone you cared

493
00:25:55,800 --> 00:25:56,879
Speaker 6: about it, I don't want to know you.

494
00:25:58,160 --> 00:25:58,360
Speaker 8: Yeah.

495
00:25:59,720 --> 00:26:00,600
Speaker 2: What at the revival?

496
00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:02,440
Speaker 4: I mean it hasn't been as huge as as people

497
00:26:02,480 --> 00:26:04,119
Speaker 4: by going and buying vinyl, But there have been some

498
00:26:04,280 --> 00:26:06,159
Speaker 4: releases on cassettes in recent times, haven't they.

499
00:26:06,960 --> 00:26:07,760
Speaker 2: Absolutely.

500
00:26:07,920 --> 00:26:09,600
Speaker 6: I think it has a large part to do with

501
00:26:09,760 --> 00:26:13,560
Speaker 6: no nostalgia. I think it's cheaper with an LP and labels.

502
00:26:13,760 --> 00:26:17,280
Speaker 6: While they're producing these digital releases, they'll often come with

503
00:26:17,359 --> 00:26:20,399
Speaker 6: a limited edition collectibook cassette and that comes with a

504
00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:23,880
Speaker 6: digital download with it. You know, the recent Barbie movie

505
00:26:24,040 --> 00:26:26,840
Speaker 6: released its soundtrack on a hot pink transparent cassette.

506
00:26:27,119 --> 00:26:30,600
Speaker 2: Oh my god, I love that one. First nostylegiap too,

507
00:26:30,760 --> 00:26:34,320
Speaker 2: isn't it. I do think they were sometimes the least

508
00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:37,159
Speaker 2: loved of all the forms, and yet they were the

509
00:26:37,280 --> 00:26:42,600
Speaker 2: one probably that did for me change so many things. Okay,

510
00:26:42,640 --> 00:26:44,600
Speaker 2: the quality might not have been as good as putting

511
00:26:44,640 --> 00:26:46,680
Speaker 2: on an album at home, but as I said it,

512
00:26:46,880 --> 00:26:48,440
Speaker 2: you know, I was on the move with it. But

513
00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:49,920
Speaker 2: when it got caught in the heads to take the

514
00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:54,000
Speaker 2: corner heads in your take was rubbish. How many you

515
00:26:54,280 --> 00:26:57,680
Speaker 2: trying to save your favorite? You've got the pencil, you're

516
00:26:57,720 --> 00:27:00,440
Speaker 2: trying to wind it that on and the moment you

517
00:27:00,520 --> 00:27:02,600
Speaker 2: get you that when you reached that moment where you think.

518
00:27:02,840 --> 00:27:05,000
Speaker 4: No, it's gone, but do you recontinue? It's frustrating. I

519
00:27:05,040 --> 00:27:05,800
Speaker 4: can hear it in your voice.

520
00:27:06,359 --> 00:27:09,680
Speaker 6: Oh absolutely, I mean I've done it myself, getting the

521
00:27:09,760 --> 00:27:11,840
Speaker 6: tape and getting it out and winding back with the

522
00:27:11,880 --> 00:27:13,879
Speaker 6: pencil and getting your own sticky tape and trying to

523
00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:16,359
Speaker 6: get it back together. Yeah, but do you know what

524
00:27:16,680 --> 00:27:19,320
Speaker 6: I don't think CDs fixed anything like that. They were

525
00:27:19,520 --> 00:27:21,840
Speaker 6: just I think they were more easily scratched and less

526
00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:23,480
Speaker 6: durable and more.

527
00:27:23,320 --> 00:27:26,199
Speaker 2: When listening to them. Yeah, the skating kind of thing

528
00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:26,479
Speaker 2: on them.

529
00:27:26,600 --> 00:27:30,119
Speaker 6: Yeah, I think. I think cassetts are hard done by.

530
00:27:30,480 --> 00:27:34,359
Speaker 2: Yeah, they were sturdier. Well to Neil, thank you for

531
00:27:34,840 --> 00:27:37,840
Speaker 2: taking us through the history of the cassette today. It's

532
00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:41,320
Speaker 2: lovely to talk to you. Yeah, brilliant. Thank you by

533
00:27:41,800 --> 00:27:42,160
Speaker 2: so much.

534
00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:42,600
Speaker 6: Take care.

535
00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:44,119
Speaker 2: This is a journey.

536
00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:49,919
Speaker 1: It pop up the value of releases, the history of sound.

537
00:27:50,359 --> 00:27:54,159
Speaker 2: Continuing our delve into the history of sound, we've moved

538
00:27:54,240 --> 00:27:58,399
Speaker 2: from the phonographic cylinder to vinyl, to cassette tapes to

539
00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:03,000
Speaker 2: arriving today a compact disc and joining us today. Assistant

540
00:28:03,080 --> 00:28:05,800
Speaker 2: Curator at the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia,

541
00:28:05,880 --> 00:28:06,960
Speaker 2: Nathan Smith.

542
00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:09,840
Speaker 7: Good morning, good morning, Hey, how are you?

543
00:28:10,440 --> 00:28:14,199
Speaker 2: Thank you so much for joining us. No noble at

544
00:28:14,240 --> 00:28:18,160
Speaker 2: all who invented the earliest known version of the compact disc.

545
00:28:19,359 --> 00:28:22,399
Speaker 7: Well, the early known version of compactist was created by

546
00:28:22,560 --> 00:28:26,480
Speaker 7: a guy named James T. Russell back in the sixties,

547
00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:28,399
Speaker 7: and he actually had a bit of a patent for

548
00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:35,360
Speaker 7: it in nineteen seventy. It wasn't until Sony and Phillips

549
00:28:35,440 --> 00:28:37,440
Speaker 7: actually kind of got a hold of the pattern and

550
00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:40,440
Speaker 7: actually really developed it into kind of what we know

551
00:28:40,760 --> 00:28:44,520
Speaker 7: it is today. But it took a little while for

552
00:28:45,320 --> 00:28:49,360
Speaker 7: James to kind of get his dues for creating the city,

553
00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:53,080
Speaker 7: but he actually did, and you know, I think they

554
00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:58,600
Speaker 7: ended up paying him back in the eighties. Yeah, well,

555
00:28:58,960 --> 00:29:01,160
Speaker 7: I actually think he's still I think he's like ninety

556
00:29:01,160 --> 00:29:01,960
Speaker 7: two or ninety three.

557
00:29:02,040 --> 00:29:06,479
Speaker 4: Well, yeah, how does the technology work? Make is these

558
00:29:06,520 --> 00:29:09,160
Speaker 4: shiny silver discs? And is the silver part important?

559
00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:15,960
Speaker 7: Oh yeah, absolutely So. Obviously the disc was kind of creator,

560
00:29:17,640 --> 00:29:20,560
Speaker 7: so it's basically an evolution of like laser disc technology.

561
00:29:22,120 --> 00:29:24,000
Speaker 7: And then obviously, you know, the music is kind of

562
00:29:24,080 --> 00:29:26,640
Speaker 7: recorded as a digital kind of file, and this kind

563
00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:29,440
Speaker 7: of gets mastered and then it kind of essentially gets

564
00:29:29,480 --> 00:29:33,600
Speaker 7: etched onto the disc into like ones and zeros, and

565
00:29:33,680 --> 00:29:35,520
Speaker 7: then the laser is able to kind of pick up

566
00:29:35,560 --> 00:29:38,280
Speaker 7: those ones and zeros and kind of decode it back

567
00:29:38,360 --> 00:29:41,600
Speaker 7: into what we kind of know today. But the reason

568
00:29:41,680 --> 00:29:47,040
Speaker 7: why CDs kind of became so popular because it was

569
00:29:47,080 --> 00:29:50,800
Speaker 7: all about kind of the evolution of technology and you know,

570
00:29:51,200 --> 00:29:53,840
Speaker 7: kind of having like the better quality kind of files

571
00:29:53,840 --> 00:29:58,440
Speaker 7: of course, when James actually originally created the technology in

572
00:29:58,600 --> 00:30:02,040
Speaker 7: the sixties and seventies, he was actually classical music buff.

573
00:30:03,320 --> 00:30:05,840
Speaker 7: Yeah yeah, and he was just a little bit sick

574
00:30:05,880 --> 00:30:09,160
Speaker 7: and tired of the wear and tear on his CDs,

575
00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:11,640
Speaker 7: so he wanted kind of to kind of create something

576
00:30:11,720 --> 00:30:15,040
Speaker 7: that would kind of remove that wear and tear. So

577
00:30:15,120 --> 00:30:19,280
Speaker 7: we kind of created this like contactless type listening device.

578
00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:22,160
Speaker 7: Yeah yeah, so you so you were in theory you

579
00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:25,640
Speaker 7: would never have to touch a CD. CDs were kind

580
00:30:25,680 --> 00:30:28,440
Speaker 7: of kind of then presented to the public in you know,

581
00:30:28,680 --> 00:30:30,840
Speaker 7: the early eighties. I think they kind of first got

582
00:30:30,920 --> 00:30:33,760
Speaker 7: released in like nineteen eighty one, nineteen eighty two. There's

583
00:30:33,800 --> 00:30:36,360
Speaker 7: a few different kind of theories as to kind of

584
00:30:36,480 --> 00:30:40,080
Speaker 7: what the actual first CDs were actually created, but some

585
00:30:40,200 --> 00:30:44,080
Speaker 7: of the really big popular ones that really popularized the

586
00:30:44,200 --> 00:30:47,280
Speaker 7: content was obviously Brothers and Arms like Distraits.

587
00:30:47,360 --> 00:30:48,040
Speaker 2: They kind of got.

588
00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:50,640
Speaker 7: Released in nineteen eighty two and went on to have

589
00:30:50,880 --> 00:30:51,600
Speaker 7: huge success.

590
00:30:52,240 --> 00:30:55,720
Speaker 2: You mentioned Phillips and Sony joining together to get to

591
00:30:55,800 --> 00:30:59,320
Speaker 2: get this out. I mean, they were certainly were then

592
00:30:59,480 --> 00:31:04,360
Speaker 2: to absolute juggernauts of the audio world. They must have

593
00:31:04,720 --> 00:31:07,920
Speaker 2: they must have known they were absolutely one hundred onto

594
00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:09,240
Speaker 2: a winner.

595
00:31:10,520 --> 00:31:13,600
Speaker 7: Oh, totally, absolutely, they were onto a winner. I mean,

596
00:31:13,640 --> 00:31:17,480
Speaker 7: obviously it was all about quality and just like the

597
00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:19,880
Speaker 7: evolution of kind of formats, which I mean, as you're

598
00:31:19,920 --> 00:31:24,400
Speaker 7: kind of previously discussed in the previous episodes, obviously starting

599
00:31:24,520 --> 00:31:27,240
Speaker 7: with cylinders and then going to vinyl and then going

600
00:31:27,280 --> 00:31:29,400
Speaker 7: to cassettes, and now we kind of found ourselves with

601
00:31:29,480 --> 00:31:34,760
Speaker 7: this shiny kind of compact disc which was actually really

602
00:31:34,960 --> 00:31:41,160
Speaker 7: cheap to kind of manufacture in only costs. The wholesale

603
00:31:41,240 --> 00:31:43,480
Speaker 7: cost of a CD back in the eighties was about

604
00:31:43,600 --> 00:31:46,400
Speaker 7: a dollar dollar fifteen, and they were selling I mean,

605
00:31:46,760 --> 00:31:49,040
Speaker 7: I don't know about you guys, but I remember CDs

606
00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:50,440
Speaker 7: being relatively expensive.

607
00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:53,800
Speaker 2: Yeah, they were like to buy.

608
00:31:54,960 --> 00:31:57,040
Speaker 7: Yeah, to buy a brand new CD back in the

609
00:31:57,160 --> 00:32:02,480
Speaker 7: nineties was twenty thirty dollars. They only cost about a

610
00:32:02,600 --> 00:32:07,640
Speaker 7: dollar maybe two dollars to make. Wow, So they were

611
00:32:07,680 --> 00:32:08,240
Speaker 7: making the most.

612
00:32:08,480 --> 00:32:10,680
Speaker 4: Absolutely, I still think that a lure of this the

613
00:32:10,800 --> 00:32:13,680
Speaker 4: shiny silver It was like a shiny.

614
00:32:13,760 --> 00:32:18,240
Speaker 2: Thing something from space nature. Yeah, yeah, shy distiness.

615
00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:20,960
Speaker 7: But it was also too like having you know, like

616
00:32:21,200 --> 00:32:24,360
Speaker 7: it was like labor technology and it's cool. You know,

617
00:32:25,320 --> 00:32:28,480
Speaker 7: everybody wanted a CD player and they weren't that cheap either.

618
00:32:28,640 --> 00:32:33,040
Speaker 7: They were about one thousand dollars back in the eighties

619
00:32:33,680 --> 00:32:37,560
Speaker 7: for a really expensive viny was about fifteen hundred. Generally speaking,

620
00:32:37,640 --> 00:32:41,560
Speaker 7: they kind of decreased about three to five hundred dollars. Yeah, yeah,

621
00:32:42,680 --> 00:32:44,360
Speaker 7: and they kind of did get cheaper as kind of

622
00:32:44,400 --> 00:32:44,800
Speaker 7: time went on.

623
00:32:45,440 --> 00:32:46,880
Speaker 4: Yeah, I mean you think it's not a needle of

624
00:32:46,920 --> 00:32:50,800
Speaker 4: startus going into a groove of record vinyl record, but

625
00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:56,800
Speaker 4: they work without problems. If something got start cours skating,

626
00:32:57,400 --> 00:32:59,320
Speaker 4: they were driving crazy.

627
00:33:00,960 --> 00:33:04,320
Speaker 2: For a while. Yeah, yeah, neither know.

628
00:33:04,400 --> 00:33:07,360
Speaker 7: They didn't really like scratches, and they didn't like pinker print.

629
00:33:07,480 --> 00:33:11,360
Speaker 4: Now that's weird as an I yeah, skating around when

630
00:33:11,360 --> 00:33:13,040
Speaker 4: you're in the car, that movement, they didn't like that either.

631
00:33:13,120 --> 00:33:16,120
Speaker 7: Yeah, which is a little ironicas I actually sold as

632
00:33:16,280 --> 00:33:21,600
Speaker 7: reasonably indestructible, as in you would buy a CD and

633
00:33:22,120 --> 00:33:24,400
Speaker 7: you would never have to kind of replace it because

634
00:33:24,480 --> 00:33:27,920
Speaker 7: it was like, you know, contactless kind of listening kind

635
00:33:27,960 --> 00:33:32,640
Speaker 7: of technology. But yeah, you're dead right the scratches and

636
00:33:33,160 --> 00:33:36,040
Speaker 7: then you know you could like you know, lose them

637
00:33:36,120 --> 00:33:38,600
Speaker 7: quite easily to because reasonably small as well.

638
00:33:39,200 --> 00:33:42,880
Speaker 2: Yeah, Nathan, I really feel like they were marketed to

639
00:33:43,120 --> 00:33:46,880
Speaker 2: us as just what you had to have like next

640
00:33:47,040 --> 00:33:51,320
Speaker 2: level sound quality because I slowly worked through my very

641
00:33:51,440 --> 00:33:55,000
Speaker 2: healthy record collection replacing everything with a CD. Because I

642
00:33:55,680 --> 00:33:57,400
Speaker 2: was one of these idiots, it was led to believe,

643
00:33:57,440 --> 00:33:59,040
Speaker 2: and I wasn't the only one that you know this,

644
00:33:59,320 --> 00:34:00,960
Speaker 2: you can't have better than this. I feel like we're

645
00:34:01,040 --> 00:34:03,040
Speaker 2: a little bit good we now when.

646
00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:03,560
Speaker 8: You look back.

647
00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:08,000
Speaker 7: Oh, totally, absolutely. I mean my format was during the

648
00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:10,600
Speaker 7: eighties and nineties was obviously SATIS and I literally had

649
00:34:10,800 --> 00:34:15,839
Speaker 7: thousands of years, yeah, quite so many, and I spent

650
00:34:15,960 --> 00:34:18,080
Speaker 7: a small fortune on them as well.

651
00:34:19,239 --> 00:34:19,839
Speaker 2: Over the years.

652
00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:21,680
Speaker 7: And now I'm kind of going through the phase of

653
00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:26,320
Speaker 7: actually replacing my records with new vinyl copies.

654
00:34:26,320 --> 00:34:34,319
Speaker 2: I repeating my problem, Yeah, consumers. Yeah, but that's all right.

655
00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:36,279
Speaker 7: It's kind of fun. And like you know, CDs are

656
00:34:36,280 --> 00:34:39,759
Speaker 7: still relevant to this day. People still release them. Like

657
00:34:40,160 --> 00:34:42,840
Speaker 7: my daughter, for example, him has been buying you know,

658
00:34:43,239 --> 00:34:47,360
Speaker 7: Taylor Swift CDs just so she can kind of, you know,

659
00:34:47,560 --> 00:34:49,600
Speaker 7: have something in her hand that she could kind of

660
00:34:49,680 --> 00:34:51,400
Speaker 7: connect with a little bit more physically.

661
00:34:51,480 --> 00:34:55,640
Speaker 4: That we enjoyed about that, Yeah, absolutely, mate, And like

662
00:34:55,719 --> 00:34:57,759
Speaker 4: a lot of people didn't sell the records like at

663
00:34:57,840 --> 00:35:00,560
Speaker 4: least it did back in the day. But I'm finding

664
00:35:00,640 --> 00:35:03,520
Speaker 4: now even places like Facebook, Marketplace and that people selling CDs,

665
00:35:03,520 --> 00:35:06,200
Speaker 4: and then sometimes it's heartbreaking sea people selling two hundred

666
00:35:06,239 --> 00:35:09,960
Speaker 4: for fifty dollars, and you think, yeah, like what people

667
00:35:10,040 --> 00:35:13,279
Speaker 4: invested in those those discs when they were knew, Oh

668
00:35:13,440 --> 00:35:14,000
Speaker 4: my goodness.

669
00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:16,600
Speaker 7: Yeah, absolutely, they do sell for kind of pretty cheap

670
00:35:16,600 --> 00:35:18,320
Speaker 7: these days, which is kind of a good thing and

671
00:35:18,480 --> 00:35:19,799
Speaker 7: a bad thing. I mean, at the end of the day,

672
00:35:19,840 --> 00:35:22,200
Speaker 7: we kind of pass things on, and you know, things

673
00:35:22,320 --> 00:35:24,600
Speaker 7: kind of change and technology changes and things are kind

674
00:35:24,640 --> 00:35:27,840
Speaker 7: of happening. But obviously, like the CDs was like the

675
00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:30,759
Speaker 7: basis for like other technology as well, Like they use

676
00:35:30,840 --> 00:35:34,840
Speaker 7: the CD format for like DVDs and Blu rays.

677
00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:38,560
Speaker 2: Going in the computer, and I was yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah,

678
00:35:39,400 --> 00:35:39,920
Speaker 2: And it.

679
00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:42,080
Speaker 7: Wasn't just audio as well, Like obviously it was just

680
00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:45,040
Speaker 7: the idea of kind of storing data as well. So

681
00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:49,200
Speaker 7: in nineteen eighty five they created the CD ROM, which

682
00:35:49,320 --> 00:35:52,520
Speaker 7: was actually like which was actually a disc that would

683
00:35:52,640 --> 00:35:55,279
Speaker 7: kind of be read by your computer with data on it.

684
00:35:55,800 --> 00:35:59,040
Speaker 7: And then in nineteen ninety they actually created the cd R,

685
00:35:59,640 --> 00:36:03,040
Speaker 7: which is a rewriteable kind of dish that you could

686
00:36:03,120 --> 00:36:08,239
Speaker 7: kind of like make mixtapes and burn CDs and and

687
00:36:08,320 --> 00:36:10,160
Speaker 7: that changed everything yet again.

688
00:36:10,800 --> 00:36:15,320
Speaker 2: And I feel like the DVD replacing the VHS tape,

689
00:36:15,760 --> 00:36:18,839
Speaker 2: it was probably even a bigger, you know, huge. I mean,

690
00:36:18,880 --> 00:36:21,040
Speaker 2: it wasn't such a thing about it, but it was

691
00:36:21,239 --> 00:36:26,680
Speaker 2: probably an even bigger life changer for the LU media. Yeah.

692
00:36:27,280 --> 00:36:30,280
Speaker 7: Yeah, I think we kind of forget how many CDs

693
00:36:30,320 --> 00:36:32,560
Speaker 7: were sold. I think there was estimations at the fortieth

694
00:36:32,719 --> 00:36:35,360
Speaker 7: anniversary of CDs in you know, I think it was

695
00:36:35,400 --> 00:36:41,280
Speaker 7: like two twenty four two hundred billion CDs were sold

696
00:36:41,560 --> 00:36:43,000
Speaker 7: during the life of its run.

697
00:36:44,160 --> 00:36:48,040
Speaker 4: That's very very impressive, normal a lot considering how many

698
00:36:48,120 --> 00:36:51,440
Speaker 4: weren't necessarily just new things, but things that people were upgrading,

699
00:36:51,560 --> 00:36:54,800
Speaker 4: like like we all did from our value, that's right.

700
00:36:54,719 --> 00:36:57,400
Speaker 7: And some of obviously the big successes was one of

701
00:36:57,480 --> 00:37:01,959
Speaker 7: the first big Australian releases to benefit from the CD

702
00:37:02,120 --> 00:37:04,439
Speaker 7: revolution was obviously John farn And with Wi Spring Jack

703
00:37:05,160 --> 00:37:09,120
Speaker 7: that was the really big one of the first commercially masked,

704
00:37:09,200 --> 00:37:13,560
Speaker 7: driven locally produced artists, and obviously other other artists like

705
00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:18,160
Speaker 7: Midnight Oil, Savage Garden, Kylie Minogue in excess, they all

706
00:37:18,840 --> 00:37:22,799
Speaker 7: benefited greatly from the advent of CDs, and they did

707
00:37:22,960 --> 00:37:25,759
Speaker 7: sell vinyl records are still around, but not in the

708
00:37:25,840 --> 00:37:28,799
Speaker 7: same quantity is that CDs were in the eighties and nineties.

709
00:37:28,680 --> 00:37:32,440
Speaker 2: And of course some benefiting for all the wrong reasons.

710
00:37:32,520 --> 00:37:35,160
Speaker 2: They were like the cassette tape. They were of course

711
00:37:35,280 --> 00:37:41,279
Speaker 2: hugely pirated. That was, yeah, it was too easy. So

712
00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:44,560
Speaker 2: you didn't get that with vital albums. You didn't come

713
00:37:44,640 --> 00:37:47,840
Speaker 2: back from Barley with a bunch of pirate albums.

714
00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:53,640
Speaker 7: No, And you'd make mixtapes on CDs as well, mixtapes

715
00:37:53,680 --> 00:37:56,719
Speaker 7: that you would record off the radio with your your

716
00:37:57,400 --> 00:38:01,080
Speaker 7: certainly waiting for the record on until the song comes around.

717
00:38:01,520 --> 00:38:03,800
Speaker 7: You'd kind of do something kind of similar to CDs

718
00:38:03,840 --> 00:38:06,719
Speaker 7: and you exchange them. I remember kind of doing that.

719
00:38:06,800 --> 00:38:09,600
Speaker 7: You'd make me take for your friends and you'd say,

720
00:38:09,640 --> 00:38:11,640
Speaker 7: I'm listening to this at the moment, check this out

721
00:38:11,680 --> 00:38:14,080
Speaker 7: and go from there. And it was how we kind

722
00:38:14,160 --> 00:38:18,000
Speaker 7: of socialized. This is like what it was before social

723
00:38:18,080 --> 00:38:19,120
Speaker 7: media and whatnot.

724
00:38:18,840 --> 00:38:27,320
Speaker 2: So exactly, very very generating social ray Nathan, do you

725
00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:29,480
Speaker 2: remember what your first CD was?

726
00:38:30,480 --> 00:38:33,879
Speaker 7: Oh, my goodness, I've got memories of buying a CDC's

727
00:38:33,960 --> 00:38:38,640
Speaker 7: The Rads Edge when I was about twelve years old.

728
00:38:39,200 --> 00:38:44,040
Speaker 7: The album that had understruck but it's so like it's

729
00:38:44,120 --> 00:38:46,440
Speaker 7: so hard for me to kind of choose what like

730
00:38:46,600 --> 00:38:50,320
Speaker 7: my favorite feed was. I spent so much effort and

731
00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:52,840
Speaker 7: I'm listening to them in the eighties of the nineties,

732
00:38:52,880 --> 00:38:56,680
Speaker 7: but get all the Cave records as well, and very

733
00:38:57,880 --> 00:39:00,480
Speaker 7: I was very pleased to hear that you bought Green

734
00:39:00,560 --> 00:39:01,720
Speaker 7: by Arin.

735
00:39:01,680 --> 00:39:07,480
Speaker 4: First one we played play Orange Crush this morning. That

736
00:39:07,680 --> 00:39:09,640
Speaker 4: funny you got raise his edge by this. You probably

737
00:39:09,640 --> 00:39:10,719
Speaker 4: looked a bit like Angus at the time.

738
00:39:11,120 --> 00:39:18,719
Speaker 2: Sure, thank you for joining us this morning to take

739
00:39:18,760 --> 00:39:21,840
Speaker 2: our History of Sound series into its compact disc phase.

740
00:39:22,760 --> 00:39:25,240
Speaker 7: No worries, good luck with tomorrow.

741
00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:30,239
Speaker 2: Yes, yes, yeah, we're going digital world.

742
00:39:30,280 --> 00:39:30,480
Speaker 7: Yeah.

743
00:39:31,360 --> 00:39:32,400
Speaker 2: By the way, before.

744
00:39:33,719 --> 00:39:36,120
Speaker 7: I just want to say, for people that kind of

745
00:39:36,120 --> 00:39:37,600
Speaker 7: want to learn more about it, go to n f

746
00:39:37,680 --> 00:39:40,680
Speaker 7: S a dot dot are you. There's plenty of articles

747
00:39:40,760 --> 00:39:43,560
Speaker 7: and information on there and curated collection all kinds of

748
00:39:43,640 --> 00:39:46,000
Speaker 7: things you can dig yourself into. Please jump into the.

749
00:39:47,800 --> 00:39:52,120
Speaker 2: National Film and Sound Archive of Australia. Brilliant more Clezy

750
00:39:52,520 --> 00:39:54,600
Speaker 2: more Lisa more podcasts.

751
00:39:57,040 --> 00:40:02,279
Speaker 1: This is a journey pop up. The virual releases The

752
00:40:02,680 --> 00:40:03,239
Speaker 1: History of.

753
00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:06,080
Speaker 2: Sound and what a journey it's been this History of Sound.

754
00:40:06,120 --> 00:40:07,480
Speaker 2: This week certainly has.

755
00:40:07,640 --> 00:40:10,879
Speaker 4: We've gone some really archaic stuff going back to those

756
00:40:10,960 --> 00:40:14,280
Speaker 4: cylinders playing music and you know, all kinds of audio

757
00:40:14,800 --> 00:40:17,640
Speaker 4: in the early days came on a milo tenness. This

758
00:40:17,800 --> 00:40:20,200
Speaker 4: is so bizarre really, but I've been doing a bit

759
00:40:20,280 --> 00:40:22,960
Speaker 4: more like I know, quite bizarre. And then we moved

760
00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:25,560
Speaker 4: into things where that were made of various things including

761
00:40:25,600 --> 00:40:28,719
Speaker 4: plastics and stuff, you know, cassettes and eight tracks, and

762
00:40:28,880 --> 00:40:31,800
Speaker 4: we talked about vinyl records. Today we're moved into the

763
00:40:31,880 --> 00:40:34,400
Speaker 4: current day and we're delving today into the digital world

764
00:40:34,760 --> 00:40:37,640
Speaker 4: of streaming and downloading and so much more. And from

765
00:40:37,680 --> 00:40:40,040
Speaker 4: the curator, one of the curators at the National Film

766
00:40:40,080 --> 00:40:42,440
Speaker 4: and Sound Archive of Australia to talk about it, Joe McMahon.

767
00:40:42,560 --> 00:40:46,400
Speaker 2: Joe, welcome, Hi, great to be here, Joe, Joe. So

768
00:40:47,080 --> 00:40:49,360
Speaker 2: we've just talked about all the formats that we've already

769
00:40:49,400 --> 00:40:56,080
Speaker 2: gone through. When was the point where everything changed, Well, really.

770
00:40:55,960 --> 00:40:59,040
Speaker 8: The nineteen nineties was when the technology came in that

771
00:40:59,160 --> 00:41:03,120
Speaker 8: you could download music to your computer, you could use

772
00:41:03,440 --> 00:41:06,920
Speaker 8: your computer for storage. But at the time in the nineties,

773
00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:10,000
Speaker 8: CDs were absolutely booming, so they were the most profitable

774
00:41:10,120 --> 00:41:13,160
Speaker 8: medium for the recorded sound industry. So the industry at

775
00:41:13,200 --> 00:41:16,600
Speaker 8: the time wasn't very interested in going digital, and most

776
00:41:16,680 --> 00:41:21,240
Speaker 8: of the kind of digital music sharing around the nineties

777
00:41:21,680 --> 00:41:26,920
Speaker 8: was illegal. And then yeah, exactly, and then the big

778
00:41:27,040 --> 00:41:30,359
Speaker 8: game changer was iTunes. So the iPod and iTunes came

779
00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:33,480
Speaker 8: in in two thousand and one, and then a couple

780
00:41:33,560 --> 00:41:37,360
Speaker 8: of years later the iTunes store started, and you know,

781
00:41:37,440 --> 00:41:39,560
Speaker 8: you could buy a song for it was nine nine

782
00:41:39,640 --> 00:41:43,319
Speaker 8: cents in America and I think a dollar sixty something here,

783
00:41:43,440 --> 00:41:47,440
Speaker 8: which is a reasonably small amount. So that really boomed

784
00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:51,520
Speaker 8: legally paying for music in a download format, and that

785
00:41:52,040 --> 00:41:56,840
Speaker 8: kind of steeply grew like CDs had, but then only

786
00:41:56,960 --> 00:42:00,560
Speaker 8: lasted actually a couple of years. That music download format

787
00:42:00,880 --> 00:42:04,840
Speaker 8: has been the kind of reigning supreme over the recorded industry.

788
00:42:05,280 --> 00:42:08,640
Speaker 2: Don't think I'll ever forget watching Steve Jobs holding up

789
00:42:09,040 --> 00:42:11,400
Speaker 2: you know, those amazing launches that they used to do

790
00:42:11,480 --> 00:42:14,680
Speaker 2: and holding up that tiny little little box and saying

791
00:42:14,760 --> 00:42:17,200
Speaker 2: you will have this minute. And I'm thinking, get out ere,

792
00:42:17,719 --> 00:42:23,400
Speaker 2: you've seen my record collections. You lost your mind? So

793
00:42:23,560 --> 00:42:28,160
Speaker 2: what what exactly was an MP three or is an

794
00:42:28,239 --> 00:42:28,759
Speaker 2: MP three?

795
00:42:30,360 --> 00:42:30,400
Speaker 5: So?

796
00:42:30,719 --> 00:42:31,279
Speaker 2: MP three is a.

797
00:42:31,280 --> 00:42:34,560
Speaker 8: File type and audio file type and it was released

798
00:42:34,760 --> 00:42:38,520
Speaker 8: officially in the early nineties, so around ninety two. And

799
00:42:39,120 --> 00:42:42,319
Speaker 8: what it does is it compresses music files so they're

800
00:42:42,360 --> 00:42:45,000
Speaker 8: smaller in size, but you still get the audio quality

801
00:42:45,120 --> 00:42:48,680
Speaker 8: that's quite similar to the original source. So it means

802
00:42:48,719 --> 00:42:52,719
Speaker 8: that because they're compressed files there take up a lot

803
00:42:52,800 --> 00:42:55,840
Speaker 8: less room and you can store a lot more because

804
00:42:56,080 --> 00:42:59,800
Speaker 8: obviously your computer in the nineties and early two thousands

805
00:42:59,840 --> 00:43:02,520
Speaker 8: for storing a lot less than it can today. So

806
00:43:02,680 --> 00:43:09,680
Speaker 8: really compressing those files made music very portable and transferable.

807
00:43:10,000 --> 00:43:12,560
Speaker 8: You could file share MP three so you could rip

808
00:43:12,600 --> 00:43:15,000
Speaker 8: them off CDs, you could burn them back onto CDs

809
00:43:15,080 --> 00:43:18,200
Speaker 8: and give to a friend, So it really changed the

810
00:43:18,280 --> 00:43:20,960
Speaker 8: game m P three's in terms of music sharing.

811
00:43:21,200 --> 00:43:23,880
Speaker 2: Well, we thought music had become portable when we got

812
00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:27,239
Speaker 2: a discman with a catte player in it, and we

813
00:43:27,320 --> 00:43:29,120
Speaker 2: thought that was the coolest thing ever. So you can

814
00:43:29,200 --> 00:43:31,400
Speaker 2: imagine for those of us who lived through it to

815
00:43:31,520 --> 00:43:35,560
Speaker 2: find out that we can take our entire collection with

816
00:43:35,800 --> 00:43:40,880
Speaker 2: us when we leave the house. It's just so game changing.

817
00:43:41,000 --> 00:43:45,920
Speaker 2: It really is incredible. Yeah, yeah, and then oh yes, no, no,

818
00:43:46,040 --> 00:43:47,920
Speaker 2: you keep going, keep going, it's good. Oh.

819
00:43:48,040 --> 00:43:50,360
Speaker 8: I was just thinking today we have even more access

820
00:43:50,440 --> 00:43:52,279
Speaker 8: to a big collection through streaming, you know.

821
00:43:52,360 --> 00:43:55,440
Speaker 2: That is exactly millions of songs. I'm sure we'll get

822
00:43:55,480 --> 00:43:57,400
Speaker 2: there your collection anymore.

823
00:43:57,840 --> 00:44:01,000
Speaker 4: Anything, This really did change the game music industry, didn't it,

824
00:44:01,120 --> 00:44:03,480
Speaker 4: But not always in a good way. Even now, the

825
00:44:03,640 --> 00:44:06,080
Speaker 4: artists still up in arms about the tiny percentage of

826
00:44:06,120 --> 00:44:09,000
Speaker 4: royalties I get compared to the recorded music in other

827
00:44:09,040 --> 00:44:10,600
Speaker 4: ways in the old days. But you know, when Napster

828
00:44:10,719 --> 00:44:13,080
Speaker 4: and Limeline that came in, there was a whole lot

829
00:44:13,120 --> 00:44:14,560
Speaker 4: of people. It was pirrating, wasn't it.

830
00:44:15,840 --> 00:44:16,800
Speaker 2: Yeah, absolutely so.

831
00:44:16,880 --> 00:44:20,120
Speaker 8: Napster came in in the late nineties, in nineteen ninety nine,

832
00:44:20,239 --> 00:44:22,920
Speaker 8: and that was a dramatic drop in CD sales. So

833
00:44:24,200 --> 00:44:26,480
Speaker 8: the music industry did not like that, and they actually

834
00:44:26,560 --> 00:44:29,960
Speaker 8: retaliated with quite a lot of lawsuits. And interestingly, it

835
00:44:30,080 --> 00:44:33,960
Speaker 8: wasn't just the industry that was doing legal battles, and

836
00:44:34,440 --> 00:44:38,560
Speaker 8: it was also bands and producers. I think Metallica and

837
00:44:38,680 --> 00:44:43,200
Speaker 8: Doctor Dre were amongst those suing over illegal downloads. Yeah,

838
00:44:43,560 --> 00:44:48,759
Speaker 8: and so those peer to peer kind of services where

839
00:44:48,760 --> 00:44:53,720
Speaker 8: you could stile share were hotly contested by the music industry,

840
00:44:53,920 --> 00:44:55,800
Speaker 8: but it didn't stop them from coming about.

841
00:44:55,960 --> 00:44:57,280
Speaker 2: You had Napster and then.

842
00:44:57,600 --> 00:45:00,680
Speaker 8: Also LimeWire and pirate Bay, and so there was really

843
00:45:00,760 --> 00:45:06,000
Speaker 8: a decade of those services being really widely used, and

844
00:45:06,080 --> 00:45:08,640
Speaker 8: actually a lot of the legal battles kind of gave

845
00:45:08,960 --> 00:45:12,879
Speaker 8: a bit more publicity ironically to those services. I think

846
00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:16,560
Speaker 8: that's got a lot more members after the legal battles

847
00:45:16,600 --> 00:45:17,920
Speaker 8: because people found out about it.

848
00:45:18,239 --> 00:45:24,000
Speaker 2: It's not true, Joe. Another way digital changed everything is

849
00:45:24,120 --> 00:45:26,640
Speaker 2: the way that the music even gets to us from

850
00:45:26,719 --> 00:45:28,640
Speaker 2: the musicians. For a lot of them, they're able to

851
00:45:28,719 --> 00:45:31,360
Speaker 2: just cut out the middle guy, and all of a sudden,

852
00:45:31,840 --> 00:45:35,040
Speaker 2: muso's are recording, especially young ones, are recording things in

853
00:45:35,120 --> 00:45:39,839
Speaker 2: their bedroom and then distributing it. Yeah.

854
00:45:39,960 --> 00:45:42,080
Speaker 8: Absolutely, and I think that's been one of the most

855
00:45:42,160 --> 00:45:46,560
Speaker 8: interesting and fantastic changes over the last twenty years or so.

856
00:45:46,960 --> 00:45:50,480
Speaker 8: And that came about through both the distribution methods, but

857
00:45:50,600 --> 00:45:53,280
Speaker 8: also we're able to access a lot of the recording

858
00:45:53,360 --> 00:45:55,880
Speaker 8: technology that would have been you know, gate kept by

859
00:45:55,880 --> 00:46:00,680
Speaker 8: big production studios or previously. You can download able to

860
00:46:01,160 --> 00:46:05,080
Speaker 8: be a similar software to a laptop and create something

861
00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:08,480
Speaker 8: at home, and so we're kind of and then also

862
00:46:08,600 --> 00:46:12,839
Speaker 8: obviously move that you know, distribute your own files through

863
00:46:12,880 --> 00:46:16,120
Speaker 8: something like Spotify. So you're moving from going straight from

864
00:46:16,280 --> 00:46:20,440
Speaker 8: artists to audience, which has been a total change in

865
00:46:20,520 --> 00:46:23,080
Speaker 8: how things are done, and I think social media actually

866
00:46:23,200 --> 00:46:26,800
Speaker 8: was an extremely important forerunner for that. I think about

867
00:46:27,160 --> 00:46:31,200
Speaker 8: how for years MySpace was the place where you discovered music,

868
00:46:31,280 --> 00:46:35,080
Speaker 8: and that was musicians uploading their their content to MySpace

869
00:46:35,239 --> 00:46:38,439
Speaker 8: and people discovering. So it's definitely kind of cutting out

870
00:46:39,040 --> 00:46:42,360
Speaker 8: the middleman, which has been a really interesting development.

871
00:46:43,040 --> 00:46:45,880
Speaker 4: Something that happened ten years ago would never have happened before,

872
00:46:45,960 --> 00:46:48,239
Speaker 4: and that is you two's Songs of Innocence all of

873
00:46:48,280 --> 00:46:51,600
Speaker 4: a sudden landing in your eye shoes in twenty fourteen, and.

874
00:46:51,719 --> 00:46:54,000
Speaker 2: People were really pissed. I was happy.

875
00:46:54,640 --> 00:46:56,600
Speaker 4: And that's with this because in ninety sixty eight, the

876
00:46:56,640 --> 00:46:58,480
Speaker 4: biggest band in the world, the Rolling Stones of the Beetles,

877
00:46:58,520 --> 00:46:59,840
Speaker 4: didn't come to your house and put an album and

878
00:46:59,880 --> 00:47:02,759
Speaker 4: you let they just without asking you two just drop

879
00:47:02,880 --> 00:47:03,680
Speaker 4: them into your iTunes.

880
00:47:03,680 --> 00:47:07,600
Speaker 2: People weren't happy, were they? I completely forgot about that. Yeah.

881
00:47:07,640 --> 00:47:10,320
Speaker 8: I don't think people liked being told what to or

882
00:47:10,840 --> 00:47:13,480
Speaker 8: you actually had a lot of dis roll over your

883
00:47:13,600 --> 00:47:16,759
Speaker 8: library then too. You've changed the pictures and the song

884
00:47:16,880 --> 00:47:20,120
Speaker 8: yet rather and things, so having someone enforced the way

885
00:47:20,160 --> 00:47:22,080
Speaker 8: it looked was probably not very good.

886
00:47:22,560 --> 00:47:27,799
Speaker 2: Yeah. I think also another thing that we should mention

887
00:47:27,960 --> 00:47:33,240
Speaker 2: that the digital developments have given us is in addition

888
00:47:33,360 --> 00:47:35,759
Speaker 2: to our music and everything, is the rise of the podcast.

889
00:47:36,400 --> 00:47:39,360
Speaker 2: We wouldn't have all these podcasts if it wasn't for

890
00:47:39,480 --> 00:47:43,480
Speaker 2: the way that we get our audio and everything now.

891
00:47:45,040 --> 00:47:49,600
Speaker 8: Yeah, absolutely, and they've diversified what we listened to completely.

892
00:47:50,080 --> 00:47:54,560
Speaker 2: Podcasts were they came about out of audio.

893
00:47:54,320 --> 00:47:58,680
Speaker 8: Blogging, internet radio, you know MP three file development and

894
00:47:58,760 --> 00:48:01,640
Speaker 8: that same time the late nineties and early two thousands,

895
00:48:01,760 --> 00:48:03,840
Speaker 8: and in two thousand and four we actually got the

896
00:48:03,960 --> 00:48:07,520
Speaker 8: term podcast and by two thousand and five iTunes were

897
00:48:07,560 --> 00:48:12,240
Speaker 8: supporting it as a format and that become absolutely massive.

898
00:48:12,280 --> 00:48:15,879
Speaker 8: Today the majority of Australians listen to podcasts and they're

899
00:48:16,239 --> 00:48:20,160
Speaker 8: a huge medium that give us a whole wide range

900
00:48:20,200 --> 00:48:24,680
Speaker 8: of voices that we might not have necessarily heard in

901
00:48:24,760 --> 00:48:25,520
Speaker 8: traditional media.

902
00:48:26,000 --> 00:48:28,440
Speaker 4: Yeah, you've also got the other digital world allows you

903
00:48:28,520 --> 00:48:30,520
Speaker 4: to do really cool stuff Like I'm in a shop

904
00:48:30,560 --> 00:48:31,840
Speaker 4: the other day at the carron Oup shops and I

905
00:48:31,920 --> 00:48:33,440
Speaker 4: hear the start of a song and I know this song.

906
00:48:33,440 --> 00:48:35,480
Speaker 4: I know this song, but I just excuse me. I

907
00:48:35,600 --> 00:48:38,960
Speaker 4: just hit Shazam and it tells me I wish zaming

908
00:48:39,120 --> 00:48:41,640
Speaker 4: to work out. People still it was big jet playing

909
00:48:41,680 --> 00:48:43,680
Speaker 4: by Magus and Julia Steiner when of course it wats

910
00:48:43,719 --> 00:48:45,799
Speaker 4: you know, but it just makes you lazy. But it's

911
00:48:45,960 --> 00:48:47,880
Speaker 4: very cool that that identifies the song.

912
00:48:48,440 --> 00:48:52,520
Speaker 8: Just like that, And if you say, absolutely, that's totally

913
00:48:52,640 --> 00:48:55,680
Speaker 8: changed the way we find music as well, so you

914
00:48:55,800 --> 00:49:01,600
Speaker 8: do identifying music and find music through like algorithms and

915
00:49:01,840 --> 00:49:05,600
Speaker 8: different ways of searching. You know, it's yeah, completely changed

916
00:49:05,640 --> 00:49:07,960
Speaker 8: the game. And as I said before, social media as well,

917
00:49:08,040 --> 00:49:11,160
Speaker 8: you know, songs getting big off social media or coming

918
00:49:11,239 --> 00:49:15,800
Speaker 8: back into playlists and very very different from the days

919
00:49:15,840 --> 00:49:17,799
Speaker 8: of just the top one hundred chart.

920
00:49:18,040 --> 00:49:22,520
Speaker 2: Yes, yeah, the only thing I feel that some people

921
00:49:22,600 --> 00:49:24,920
Speaker 2: miss out on, and I do mean a lot of

922
00:49:24,960 --> 00:49:29,080
Speaker 2: younger people might buy songs or stream songs or whatever

923
00:49:29,320 --> 00:49:32,280
Speaker 2: and they're not getting albums anymore. And you know, don't

924
00:49:33,280 --> 00:49:36,239
Speaker 2: still get albums because quite often the best tracks that

925
00:49:36,320 --> 00:49:38,239
Speaker 2: you're going to get from that person is you know,

926
00:49:38,360 --> 00:49:40,120
Speaker 2: on the album and not the song that you heard

927
00:49:40,160 --> 00:49:42,680
Speaker 2: on the radio and then started streaming and everything. So yeah,

928
00:49:43,000 --> 00:49:44,360
Speaker 2: never turn you back on the album.

929
00:49:44,600 --> 00:49:49,239
Speaker 8: Yeah, yeah, I think the alb because albums, you know,

930
00:49:49,320 --> 00:49:51,880
Speaker 8: coming in with vinyls, there was of.

931
00:49:51,880 --> 00:49:54,080
Speaker 2: The album for a lifelime, saving it yeah.

932
00:49:54,760 --> 00:49:57,680
Speaker 8: Yeah, And then I think about like, you know, buying

933
00:49:57,719 --> 00:50:00,560
Speaker 8: a single song off iTunes and that coming back in

934
00:50:00,680 --> 00:50:05,440
Speaker 8: of the song being the like the viable thing is

935
00:50:05,520 --> 00:50:08,040
Speaker 8: the song right the album where you find album on

936
00:50:08,160 --> 00:50:10,680
Speaker 8: CD and vinyl and now we buy a song or

937
00:50:10,719 --> 00:50:14,400
Speaker 8: listen to a certain song. But pre vinyl, you know,

938
00:50:14,480 --> 00:50:18,680
Speaker 8: when you could only keep on recorded sound a couple

939
00:50:18,719 --> 00:50:22,400
Speaker 8: of minutes worth of audio, the song was supreme and

940
00:50:22,560 --> 00:50:26,719
Speaker 8: pre recorded sounds, the music itself like sheet music, and

941
00:50:27,080 --> 00:50:29,520
Speaker 8: the song itself was also ray and supreme. So it

942
00:50:29,560 --> 00:50:32,520
Speaker 8: does seem to EBB and Flower Little Yeah albums.

943
00:50:34,120 --> 00:50:36,800
Speaker 2: It does go a little circle of things.

944
00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:40,080
Speaker 4: Yes, although good the digital world means we missed out

945
00:50:40,080 --> 00:50:41,960
Speaker 4: on that romantic thing if you're not going and buying

946
00:50:42,040 --> 00:50:43,840
Speaker 4: vinyl or CDs or whatever. It might be in the

947
00:50:44,239 --> 00:50:47,040
Speaker 4: record store experience of the elders. But that's just the

948
00:50:47,080 --> 00:50:47,360
Speaker 4: way it is.

949
00:50:48,160 --> 00:50:50,440
Speaker 8: Joe and I think that's why we're seeing the resurgence

950
00:50:50,520 --> 00:50:50,920
Speaker 8: in vinyl.

951
00:50:51,120 --> 00:50:54,839
Speaker 2: Absolutely want that exactly so, and that whole tangible thing.

952
00:50:55,640 --> 00:50:57,719
Speaker 2: There seems to be two main camps these days when

953
00:50:57,719 --> 00:51:01,760
Speaker 2: it comes to music streaming services spun Fire or Apple Music.

954
00:51:02,280 --> 00:51:04,520
Speaker 2: Is there a reason to be in one or the other.

955
00:51:04,880 --> 00:51:07,320
Speaker 2: Are they just is it just a matter of you know,

956
00:51:07,400 --> 00:51:09,200
Speaker 2: which one you ended up going with? Is one better

957
00:51:09,280 --> 00:51:10,560
Speaker 2: than the other for any reason?

958
00:51:10,800 --> 00:51:15,240
Speaker 8: Or I think it's a matter of which one someone

959
00:51:15,280 --> 00:51:16,759
Speaker 8: will share a family account with you.

960
00:51:26,239 --> 00:51:30,040
Speaker 2: All right, Well, we've come to the end of our

961
00:51:30,200 --> 00:51:32,520
Speaker 2: history of sound. I'm sure that there's going to this

962
00:51:32,640 --> 00:51:35,920
Speaker 2: will be ever evolving. Joe will be all over it

963
00:51:36,400 --> 00:51:38,360
Speaker 2: because she is a curator of the National Film and

964
00:51:38,440 --> 00:51:42,200
Speaker 2: Sound Archive of Australia. And your website is n f

965
00:51:42,640 --> 00:51:48,279
Speaker 2: s A, isn't it dot com? And there's and lots

966
00:51:48,360 --> 00:51:51,120
Speaker 2: to learn there. It's really interesting stuff. Joe. Thank you

967
00:51:51,280 --> 00:51:53,200
Speaker 2: so much for joining us this morning.

968
00:51:54,440 --> 00:51:57,480
Speaker 4: Nora, it's been great for your expertise and all of

969
00:51:57,480 --> 00:52:00,360
Speaker 4: the people who've helped us this week from Film and

970
00:52:00,400 --> 00:52:01,160
Speaker 4: Sound Archive.

971
00:52:01,120 --> 00:52:03,239
Speaker 2: Something that you couldn't have done twenty years ago. You'll

972
00:52:03,239 --> 00:52:05,280
Speaker 2: be able to hear this whole thing on other podcasts.

973
00:52:05,360 --> 00:52:09,239
Speaker 2: You will digitalization.

974
00:52:09,480 --> 00:52:11,080
Speaker 4: I think we've away at the end of the strym

975
00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:12,759
Speaker 4: telling you something really embarrassing.

976
00:52:13,719 --> 00:52:16,279
Speaker 2: Are you ready? I'm always up for you to embarrass this.

977
00:52:18,200 --> 00:52:23,840
Speaker 2: I was paying for Apple streaming for a while before

978
00:52:23,920 --> 00:52:27,319
Speaker 2: I even realized that ben I could get any song

979
00:52:27,400 --> 00:52:33,200
Speaker 2: I wanted at any time own my iTunes I have.

980
00:52:34,400 --> 00:52:37,480
Speaker 2: I went through a big thing of burning all of

981
00:52:37,560 --> 00:52:40,360
Speaker 2: my CDs onto my iTunes out and storing it in

982
00:52:40,400 --> 00:52:41,879
Speaker 2: there and so I could take it in my pocket

983
00:52:41,920 --> 00:52:43,320
Speaker 2: because that was the best thing that I thought it

984
00:52:43,440 --> 00:52:46,080
Speaker 2: ever happened. And then I didn't realize that I was

985
00:52:46,120 --> 00:52:48,359
Speaker 2: because I have Apple on the TV, so I didn't

986
00:52:48,360 --> 00:52:52,320
Speaker 2: realize I was actually paying for an Apple you know, subscription,

987
00:52:53,080 --> 00:52:55,680
Speaker 2: without realizing that that meant that I could go on

988
00:52:55,760 --> 00:52:57,799
Speaker 2: there and just ask for any song I wanted at

989
00:52:57,840 --> 00:53:00,960
Speaker 2: any time. I was still just playing everything from your

990
00:53:00,960 --> 00:53:04,720
Speaker 2: collection that was recorded in there. That is called being old.

991
00:53:05,080 --> 00:53:07,879
Speaker 2: That's hilarious too. But now I'm hip to the whole

992
00:53:07,960 --> 00:53:12,239
Speaker 2: scene and I'm streaming like a streaming thing. You just

993
00:53:12,400 --> 00:53:16,920
Speaker 2: said hip and then you click down. Thanks for confessing though.

994
00:53:16,960 --> 00:53:18,400
Speaker 2: That was that was good. That was big of you.

995
00:53:18,760 --> 00:53:21,520
Speaker 2: Thank you to the National Films I'm Australia for all

996
00:53:21,520 --> 00:53:26,080
Speaker 2: their help this week went absolutely illuminating. Hip to the

997
00:53:26,080 --> 00:53:30,200
Speaker 2: group just said, I said, to the whole scene, and

998
00:53:30,239 --> 00:53:34,120
Speaker 2: then I went he did crazy

999
00:53:34,320 --> 00:53:36,120
Speaker 1: And Lisa ninety six