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Speaker 1: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda

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Speaker 1: Bunjelung Calcuttin woman from Gadighl country. The Daily oz acknowledges

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Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the

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Speaker 1: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres

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Speaker 1: Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the

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Speaker 1: first peoples of these countries, both past and present.

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Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily os. It's Tuesday,

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Speaker 2: the first of November. Pinching the punch. I'm Sam, I'm Nina.

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Speaker 2: We've never done the podcast before. It's fantastic.

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Speaker 3: Happy to be here and on the other side of

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Speaker 3: the microphone.

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Speaker 2: Over the weekend, a Halloween celebration in Eta One, a

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Speaker 2: neighborhood of Soul, the South Korean capital, went terribly wrong.

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Speaker 2: A crush in an alleyway killed at least one hundred

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Speaker 2: and fifty people. We'll look at how this tragedy happened

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Speaker 2: and how this stays safe in a big crowd. But first, Nina,

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Speaker 2: what is making headlines this morning?

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Speaker 3: Forcenet, an external communications platform used by Australian Defense Department employees,

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Speaker 3: has been targeted in a malware attack. While we don't

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Speaker 3: know exactly what was stolen yet, up to forty thousand

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Speaker 3: records relating to the Department of Defense are held on

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Speaker 3: the system. In an email to staff, defense representatives said

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Speaker 3: the attack was external to the department's IT systems.

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Speaker 2: Now to the second story for the day. Luis Nacio

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Speaker 2: Lula da Silva, widely known as Lula, has won the

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Speaker 2: Brazilian presidential election. He toppled far right incumbent jab Bolsonaro

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Speaker 2: in the second round of voting. Lula will return to

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Speaker 2: the presidency. He's been here before after governing Brazil from

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Speaker 2: two thousand and three to two thousand and ten. The

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Speaker 2: runner for election occurred after neither candidate secured victory with

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Speaker 2: over fifty percent of the vote earlier this month. This time, however,

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Speaker 2: with most of the votes counted, Lula is on fifty

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Speaker 2: point nine percent.

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Speaker 3: The Victorian government has announced a fifteen million dollar partnership

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Speaker 3: with Nepal, Australia and Visit Victoria to run until June

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Speaker 3: twenty twenty seven. Visit Victoria's branding will now feature on

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Speaker 3: the team's home and awake it and players and coaches

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Speaker 3: will appear in campaigns to promote Victorian tourism. As part

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Speaker 3: of the deal, the twenty twenty three sun Corps Super

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Speaker 3: Netball Grand Final will be played in Victoria and the

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Speaker 3: Diamonds will play five test matches in the state.

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Speaker 2: And some good news for your Tuesday. A new native

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Speaker 2: species of b has been discovered in Wa by researchers

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Speaker 2: from Curtain University. The bee has a dog like snout

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Speaker 2: those are not my words, and has been named Zephyr,

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Speaker 2: after the pet dog of the research paper's author, doctor

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Speaker 2: Kit Prendegast. The discovery of the new species, in doctor

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Speaker 2: Kit's words, will add to existing knowledge about our evolving biodiversity, and.

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Speaker 3: That dog has gained immortality.

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Speaker 2: Zephyr's there to stay.

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Speaker 3: Just a heads up that this deep dive is pretty distressing,

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Speaker 3: so if you feel like you need to skip this one,

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Speaker 3: we'll catch you again tomorrow.

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Speaker 2: In today's deep dive, we're going to look at this

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Speaker 2: tragedy in Seoul and how Halloween festivities there went so

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Speaker 2: tragically wrong.

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Speaker 3: I've been really struggling with this new story. It just

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Speaker 3: feels like such a random and tragic event that I

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Speaker 3: just really struggled to get my head around it or

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Speaker 3: even engage with it, to be honest.

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Speaker 2: And we were having that discussion when thinking about what

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Speaker 2: to talk about this morning. But the reason I think

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Speaker 2: it's worth talking about is that this is now not

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Speaker 2: a one off event. In fact, crowd crushes have been

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Speaker 2: on the rise since the nineties and they claim over

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Speaker 2: three hundred lives every year.

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Speaker 3: I yeah, I think that it's definitely worth trying to

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Speaker 3: understand why these events happen. Can we start with what

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Speaker 3: happened on the weekend? What do I need to know?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, so it took place in It's a One, which

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Speaker 2: is a nightclub district in Seoul. The area around its

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Speaker 2: main subway station is made up of lots of narrow

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Speaker 2: alleyways and the district was just starting to revive after

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Speaker 2: years of COVID restrictions. We know the impact of COVID

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Speaker 2: restrictions on these nightlife districts. It's often crippling. Now. Halloween

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Speaker 2: festivities are typically a big event in itte I, and

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Speaker 2: this weekend was the first time in three years that

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Speaker 2: they were held at their normal scale. So ahead of Halloween,

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Speaker 2: you can imagine people were just pumped to see friends,

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Speaker 2: to dress up to hit the bars, just like they

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Speaker 2: would have pre March of twenty twenty. Now by some accounts,

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Speaker 2: one hundred thousand people turned up to celebrate.

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Speaker 3: That's a lot of people, and you've painted this picture

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Speaker 3: of the subway station feeding into these narrow alleyways. When

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Speaker 3: did things start to go wrong?

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Speaker 2: Well, some witnesses say the crowd was already really difficult

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Speaker 2: to move through as early as five pm, and then

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Speaker 2: by about seven pm, witnesses say it took them up

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Speaker 2: to five minutes to exit the subway station. Then we

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Speaker 2: get to around ten pm, and that's when things started

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Speaker 2: to go really wrong. In an alleyway near the subway station.

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Speaker 2: Nuss have said that some people at the front of

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Speaker 2: the crowd fell over, causing the crowds to stop suddenly,

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Speaker 2: and because both ends of the alley were so full

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Speaker 2: of people, it was impossible to get out. It was

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Speaker 2: also very difficult, though, for those who knew what was

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Speaker 2: going on, to tell the people around them what was happening,

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Speaker 2: because there was loud music playing from the bars and clubs,

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Speaker 2: and the density of the crowd around the alley was

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Speaker 2: inescapable in some ways. One witness described it as a

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Speaker 2: slow and agonizing crush.

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Speaker 3: This is upsetting to talk about, but I think it's

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Speaker 3: important to understand when and what actually occurs to make

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Speaker 3: a crush like this fetal.

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Speaker 2: Well first, just to get the language out of the way.

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Speaker 2: The term used for these situations is actually a crowd crush,

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Speaker 2: and they happen in situations like this where the exit

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Speaker 2: is obstructed but crowds keep pushing forwards. And something worth

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Speaker 2: noting is that you sometimes hear stampede used interchangeably with

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Speaker 2: a crowd crush, but a stampede generally implies their space

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Speaker 2: for people to run. In a crowd crush. How however,

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Speaker 2: the majority of deaths are caused by asphyxiation. People suffocate

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Speaker 2: because they exhale but can't inhale because the pressure on

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Speaker 2: all sides of the body is just so intense. Now,

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Speaker 2: at that level of density, there's another phenomenon called a

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Speaker 2: crowd quake, which happens actually spontaneously when there are six

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Speaker 2: people per square meter. Now, because people are so tightly

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Speaker 2: packed together, any small movement ripples outwards, sending shudders through

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Speaker 2: the crowd, and that means that people in the center

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Speaker 2: are no longer actually in control of their own movement.

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Speaker 3: That's terrifying to think about. To come back to what

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Speaker 3: happened on the weekend. It sounds like big crowds were expected,

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Speaker 3: So do we know if authorities had safety measures in place.

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Speaker 2: I think this is going to be a point of

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Speaker 2: the ongoing investigations, definitely, And according to some reports, the

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Speaker 2: police were focused on protests in other parts of the city,

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Speaker 2: so there was not a big security presence in Itta One,

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Speaker 2: and some survivors have said they called emergency services multiple

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Speaker 2: times but to no avail. That has been the subject

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Speaker 2: of criticism and debate in the last few days in

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Speaker 2: South Korea, and people are calling for increased emergency training

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Speaker 2: for young people, and there's been questions raised about why

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Speaker 2: the police weren't prepared given the historically large crowds in

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Speaker 2: Eta One on Halloween.

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Speaker 3: Before COVID you sat at the top that these kinds

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Speaker 3: of crushes have been on the rise, and I feel

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Speaker 3: like we've heard about them happening.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: Well, earlier this month, at least one hundred and twenty

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Speaker 2: five people died and one hundreds more were injured in

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Speaker 2: a crush following a football game in East Java, which

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Speaker 2: is in Indonesia. The crush occurred as police fired tear

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Speaker 2: gas into the stadium where some doors were locked closed.

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Speaker 3: I also remember last year that there was that horrible

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Speaker 3: story about Astroworld, the music festival.

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Speaker 2: Was it a music question? Yeah, And it was almost

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Speaker 2: one year ago today, and out of control crowd there

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Speaker 2: killed ten people at Travis Scott's music festival, which was

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Speaker 2: Astroworld in Houston, Texas. Now at that event, as in

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Speaker 2: the same case as ETA one on the weekend, there

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Speaker 2: were reports of survivors performing CPR on other attendees as

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Speaker 2: soon as they were able to get to safety while

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Speaker 2: waiting for professional medical help to arrive.

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Speaker 3: Will be back in just a moment, but first a

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Speaker 3: message from our sponsor. So the whole reason we set

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Speaker 3: out to do this topic today is we think that

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Speaker 3: there's something to be learnt from this. Obviously, these events

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Speaker 3: are occurring. What do we know about what to do

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Speaker 3: if you find yourself in a situation like this.

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Speaker 2: Well, we're in crowds all the time, whether it's at

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Speaker 2: supporting events or music festivals, or even boxing day sales

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Speaker 2: at shop. So we did have a look at some

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Speaker 2: of the expert guidance here. And if you're in a

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Speaker 2: crowd and it's difficult to move your arms or to

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Speaker 2: reach your own face. That's kind of a sign that

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Speaker 2: you're in danger of a crush situation, and that's the

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Speaker 2: point where you should try and find a way out

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Speaker 2: and calmly exit. But if you do find yourself in

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Speaker 2: a situation where you can't move, you have to try

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Speaker 2: and stay upright as long as you can. You have

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Speaker 2: to look around for a way out and stay away

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Speaker 2: from any barriers you can't climb. And if that kind

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Speaker 2: of crush quake occurs when you were being pulled with

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Speaker 2: the crowds, try go with the flow while keeping your

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Speaker 2: arms up at your chest to protect your ribs and

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Speaker 2: lungs and avoid screaming to preserve your oxygen as best

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Speaker 2: you can.

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Speaker 3: So you stay upright and protect your ribs and lungs

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Speaker 3: and avoid anything that can contribute to that crushing.

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Speaker 2: And the experts also say help others if at all possible.

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Speaker 2: Obviously it's going to be very hard if you can't move,

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Speaker 2: but if you can help someone up off the ground,

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Speaker 2: it will help everyone in the crowd.

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Speaker 3: Our thoughts are definitely with the families and friends of

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Speaker 3: those who died and were injured over the weekend. Thanks

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Speaker 3: so much for joining us on the daily OS. If

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Speaker 3: you learn something from today's episode, don't forget to hit subscribe,

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Speaker 3: so there's a TDA episode waiting for you every weekday morning,

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Speaker 3: have a great day, and we'll be back again tomorrow