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Speaker 1: Good morning and welcome to the Daily os. It's Monday,

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Speaker 1: the twenty second of March. My name is Sam Kozlowski,

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Speaker 1: and helping him make sense of today's news is Zara Sidler.

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Speaker 1: Making news today, severe weather in New.

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Speaker 2: South Wales, consent in Victoria.

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Speaker 1: Some good news about UK vaccine levels.

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Speaker 2: And a breakdown of Landina. Here's today's daily digest.

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Speaker 1: New South Wales has experienced significant storms and flooding with

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Speaker 1: record breaking rainfall. The Bureau of Meteorology issued a warning

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Speaker 1: of further volatile, dangerous and dynamic conditions as the rainfall

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Speaker 1: is expected to continue over the coming days. Delays to

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Speaker 1: vaccine deliveries are expected across New South Wales as Phase

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Speaker 1: one B begins today.

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Speaker 2: Now this really should be the good news, but the

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Speaker 2: Victorian government has announced it will implement mandatory consent education

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Speaker 2: in state schools. The new classes will address topics including

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Speaker 2: power and balances, alcohol, age, and broader issues around consent.

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Speaker 2: The program is set to equip teachers with professional development

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Speaker 2: tools to confidently teach these sensitive topics.

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Speaker 1: Tokyo Olympics organizers have banned international spectators from attending the

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Speaker 1: Olympics and Paralympics amid public concerns of COVID nineteen. Polls

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Speaker 1: in the country found seventy percent of Japanese respondents did

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Speaker 1: not want overseas fans. Olympic and Paralympic tickets purchased by

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Speaker 1: overseas residents will be refunded and the.

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Speaker 2: Good news the UK has reached a COVID nineteen vaccine milestone,

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Speaker 2: with half of its adult population now having received the JAB.

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Speaker 2: The government's objective is to have everyone over the age

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Speaker 2: of eighteen vaccinated by the thirty first of July, with

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Speaker 2: PM Boris Johnson saying there is still further to go

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Speaker 2: and I encourage everyone to take up the offer when

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Speaker 2: asked to do so. So if you live in New

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Speaker 2: South Wales or you have any mates that have Instagram

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Speaker 2: and live in New South Wales, you'll be well aware

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Speaker 2: that there was a pretty wild weather event here over

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Speaker 2: the weekend. We saw flash flooding and just immense rainfall

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Speaker 2: NonStop all weekend and we know that it's been attributed

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Speaker 2: to Lanninna, which is a weather pattern that Sam would

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Speaker 2: love to tell you more about.

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Speaker 1: All right, so here's the really easy way to understand Lonina.

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Speaker 1: So if something changes in the middle of the Pacific.

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Speaker 1: It might be a little hard to understand how that

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Speaker 1: can change temperatures and rainfall all around the world, But

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Speaker 1: think about it like this. If you put on the

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Speaker 1: fan in your bedroom and it targets one tiny bit

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Speaker 1: of air and makes that air cooler, that won't matter

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Speaker 1: until the air circulates around the rest of the room,

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Speaker 1: and then that room is going to have a drop

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Speaker 1: in temperature because of that original tiny circle of air.

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Speaker 1: That's exactly what La Nina and its sibling El Nino

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Speaker 1: are all about. They're all about changes in a tiny

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Speaker 1: area of the Pacific Ocean, but those changes influence the

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Speaker 1: way that the weather moves around us all the way

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Speaker 1: here on mainland Australia. Basically Lannino's core by a buildup

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Speaker 1: of cooler than normal waters in the Pacific. The best

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Speaker 1: way to think about La Nina and El Nino is

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Speaker 1: that they are both events. Think about them as stages

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Speaker 1: of weather rather than weather systems themselves. A L Nina

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Speaker 1: event occurs when that little patch of water we talked

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Speaker 1: about in the Pacific gets cooler, and at the same time,

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Speaker 1: water in the western Pacific, which is closer to the

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Speaker 1: Australian coast, gets warmer. The warm water near the Australian

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Speaker 1: coast increases moisture to the atmosphere and enhances the chance

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Speaker 1: of more rainfall. The last time we had a La

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Speaker 1: Nina event was around twenty and ten, and you might

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Speaker 1: remember there were the Queensland floods at that time which

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Speaker 1: rendered ten thousand people homeless and caused almost two billion

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Speaker 1: dollars worth of damage. So La Nina means little girl

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Speaker 1: in Spanish and El Nino means little boy, and in

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Speaker 1: Australia we experience both of these weather events many times

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Speaker 1: over our lifetimes. The worst extremes for Australia typically come

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Speaker 1: in El Nino's where it's drier and there's less rain,

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Speaker 1: because they worsen the drought and severe bush fire seasons

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Speaker 1: that are already underway as part of the Australian natural climate.

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Speaker 1: When a La Nina event occurs in Australia, we experience

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Speaker 1: massive rainfall and flooding, as New South Wales is right now.

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Speaker 1: And it's kind of interesting to think of the two

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Speaker 1: events working together. If we go back three years ago

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Speaker 1: where El Nino was in force in New South Wales,

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Speaker 1: it was really dry, The Mari Darling was bone dry.

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Speaker 1: Now we've got floods there and the moisture in the

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Speaker 1: soil will lead to healthy crops for some time.

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Speaker 2: So are the severe weather patterns symptomatic of or related

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Speaker 2: to climate change or are they completely unrelated.

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Speaker 1: The best way to think about La Nina and El

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Speaker 1: Nino is that it's weather oscillating. It's weather moving between

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Speaker 1: two different extremes, not necessarily because of climate change, but

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Speaker 1: more because of how much the butterfly affects. The effect

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Speaker 1: of something little turning into something really big happens in climate.

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Speaker 1: It's a good point when talking about how all relates

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Speaker 1: to climate change. Climate theorists and weather nerds like me

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Speaker 1: understand that a warmer climate will lead to more weather

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Speaker 1: events like El Nino and La Nina. So let's say

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Speaker 1: in a pre climate change era, you'd get a La

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Speaker 1: Nina event like with the one we're having in New

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Speaker 1: South Wales once every eighteen years. It might come now

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Speaker 1: down to once every eight years or ten years because

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Speaker 1: of a warmer climate, more moisture in the air. The

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Speaker 1: good news for New South Wales is that the La

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Speaker 1: Nina phase is meant to come to a close in

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Speaker 1: a couple of months. But We've just come off the

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Speaker 1: back of the weather summer in five years and we're

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Speaker 1: now in the middle of a massive flooding event. It's

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Speaker 1: hard to see this coming to a close, but it

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Speaker 1: will and before we know it, we're going to be

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Speaker 1: in an el Nina, which will be the opposite, and

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Speaker 1: we'll have water restrictions and we're going to wish for

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Speaker 1: heavy rain. That's all we have time for today, but

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