WEBVTT - How Australian households are changing

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<v Speaker 1>Already and this this is the Daily Lost, This is

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<v Speaker 1>the Daily ohs oh, now it makes sense. Good morning

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<v Speaker 1>and welcome to the Daily OS. It's Monday, the tenth

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<v Speaker 1>of March.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm Billy, I'm Sam.

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<v Speaker 1>Today we are looking at the latest results from an

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<v Speaker 1>annual study that looks at how households are changing over

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<v Speaker 1>the years. So last week the latest survey, known as

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<v Speaker 1>the Household Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia also known

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<v Speaker 1>as HILDA, was released and it captures trends across a

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<v Speaker 1>broad cross section of Australian's finances, social life, mental health,

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<v Speaker 1>household activities and family life. Now, among its findings, Sam,

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<v Speaker 1>I thought you'd like this was that men are doing

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<v Speaker 1>the same amount of housework on average as they were

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<v Speaker 1>twenty years ago.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm doing more because I was ten twenty years ago,

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<v Speaker 2>defying the odds.

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<v Speaker 1>So today we are dissecting the findings and discussing what

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<v Speaker 1>has and hasn't changed about Australian households in recent decades.

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<v Speaker 2>This is a story that really generated a lot of

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<v Speaker 2>discussion last week when we were reporting it. I want

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<v Speaker 2>to go through with you what the survey actually found

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<v Speaker 2>and dive a bit deeper into some of those statistics,

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<v Speaker 2>but give me more of a sense of what this

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<v Speaker 2>survey actually is and why it's there. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>So it started in two thousand and one and it's

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<v Speaker 1>been done every single year since then, and it's funded

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<v Speaker 1>by the Australian Government, but it's conducted by the University

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<v Speaker 1>of Melbourne and now it is nationally representative, which is

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<v Speaker 1>kind of one of those jargon words that you hear

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<v Speaker 1>a lot about in surveys, and it just means that

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<v Speaker 1>it is a way for researchers to get an accurate

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<v Speaker 1>sample of the entire population of Australia without actually needing

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<v Speaker 1>to interview every single person in the country.

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<v Speaker 2>Makes sense. Most surveys are like that.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, so you know, I presume that Sam, you weren't asked.

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<v Speaker 2>I was not part of the hilticipate.

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<v Speaker 1>In this survey. But it's still nationally representative because of

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<v Speaker 1>the sample of Australians they have selected for this. Now

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<v Speaker 1>they interview seventeen thousand people and it speaks to all

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<v Speaker 1>different types of households. So households with two parents and

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<v Speaker 1>kids are the most common, then followed by households with

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<v Speaker 1>just one couple and no kids, and then single parents,

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<v Speaker 1>and obviously there are many other different types of households

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<v Speaker 1>that are included in this. One of the really interesting

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<v Speaker 1>things that I find about the study is that it

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<v Speaker 1>actually interviews the exact same people every single year, right.

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<v Speaker 2>Interesting, So it's the same group of seventeen thousand almost

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<v Speaker 2>being tracked through life, exactly.

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<v Speaker 1>And so for nearly twenty five years, the same households

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<v Speaker 1>have been interviewed on mostly the same topics. They do

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<v Speaker 1>kind of introduce new topics every now and again, So

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<v Speaker 1>in twenty eighteen they started to ask people about pet ownership, right,

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<v Speaker 1>But there are consistent topics that they do ask every

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<v Speaker 1>single year, and they say that the idea of that

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<v Speaker 1>is that the study can in theory, go on indefinitely.

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<v Speaker 1>It can go on forever because they won't just interview

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<v Speaker 1>their initial sample members, but then also their kids and

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<v Speaker 1>their grandkids. And so it's kind of one of those

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<v Speaker 1>things that we could be talking about this, not you

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<v Speaker 1>and I, Sam, but people could be talking about this

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<v Speaker 1>hundred year yeah exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>But it's also why they can then get some of

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<v Speaker 2>those really interesting findings about social change. Yes, and then

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<v Speaker 2>controlling the same group of people means that we can

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<v Speaker 2>come out with findings that are, you know, what has

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<v Speaker 2>changed in twenty years and say it with a lot

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<v Speaker 2>of confidence.

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<v Speaker 1>Exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, So we have this study that has, you know,

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<v Speaker 2>this annual tracking of how these seventeen thousand Australians and

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<v Speaker 2>nationally representative sample are behaving. And I think the biggest

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<v Speaker 2>thing that's come through, at least on tda's social channels

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<v Speaker 2>is the findings on housework. So let's talk about that first.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it was the focus when it came out last week. So,

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<v Speaker 1>as I mentioned at the top, you found that men

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<v Speaker 1>are doing the same amount of housework on average as

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<v Speaker 1>they were twenty years ago. So this is things like

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<v Speaker 1>cleaning and cooking, and so men are doing roughly thirteen

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<v Speaker 1>hours of housework every week, while women are doing about

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<v Speaker 1>eighteen and a half hours, although that has actually decreased

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<v Speaker 1>since two thousand and two, the number of hours that

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<v Speaker 1>women are spending on housework. So women were doing about

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<v Speaker 1>twenty four hours of housework in two thousand and two,

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<v Speaker 1>now they're doing about eighteen and a half hours. But

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<v Speaker 1>that just means that I guess less housework is now

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<v Speaker 1>being done. I was about to say men are not

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<v Speaker 1>doing more.

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<v Speaker 2>Men aren't feeling the void than that just means that,

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<v Speaker 2>you know, the dishes are a bit.

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<v Speaker 1>Dirtier and the sink exactly. And single dads, I think

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<v Speaker 1>this is not surprising. They did the most housework of

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<v Speaker 1>any men, with seventeen point four hours weekly.

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<v Speaker 2>Has anything changed with men over twenty year period?

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<v Speaker 1>Some things have changed, that good question. So one thing

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<v Speaker 1>that has changed for men is how many hours they

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<v Speaker 1>spend caring for their children and disabled or elderly relatives,

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<v Speaker 1>although it's only gone up by a little bit. So

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<v Speaker 1>in two thousand and two there were five hours spent

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<v Speaker 1>on caring duties by men and now there's five and

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<v Speaker 1>a half hours spent on it, so a little increase there.

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<v Speaker 1>One of my favorite stats from the survey is they

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<v Speaker 1>also looked at the satisfaction levels in terms of the

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<v Speaker 1>division of housework in households, and it found that men

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<v Speaker 1>are quite satisfied with the division of unpaid work between

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<v Speaker 1>the women and men in their household, but women less satisfied.

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<v Speaker 1>Are you following? Does that make sense?

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, I'm following, yep. So some interesting kind of attitude

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<v Speaker 2>angles to this.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, So men satisfied with the division of labor where

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<v Speaker 1>they are doing less housework than the women. Women less

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<v Speaker 1>satisfied they would like the men to be doing a

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<v Speaker 1>little bit more housework. They also asked the couples whether

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<v Speaker 1>they think that they are individually doing their fair share,

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<v Speaker 1>and it found that men majority of men do believe

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<v Speaker 1>that they are doing the fair share of housework, whereas

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<v Speaker 1>most women believe that they are doing significantly more than

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<v Speaker 1>their fair.

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<v Speaker 2>Share, which is surprising to consider. There's that, I don't

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<v Speaker 2>know what you'd call it an expectations gap or a

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<v Speaker 2>kind of a setting and meeting expectations gap. Because of

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<v Speaker 2>the progress in this conversation and the evolution over the

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<v Speaker 2>last two decades, you would think that that would have

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<v Speaker 2>translated in this sort of survey into a more tangible way.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that's what I think is the conversation that obviously,

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<v Speaker 1>over the past two decades we have been talking about

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<v Speaker 1>the division of labor so much, and you know, women

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<v Speaker 1>being more involved in the workplace than they were fifty

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<v Speaker 1>years ago. But clearly, even though women are more involved

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<v Speaker 1>in the workforce and they were two decades ago and

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<v Speaker 1>also fifty years ago, they are still doing the majority

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<v Speaker 1>of the housework. So that is kind of one area

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<v Speaker 1>where I guess society is still lagging in terms of equality.

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<v Speaker 2>I'd be really interested. And I don't know if we

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<v Speaker 2>have this answer on hand, and maybe we can come

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<v Speaker 2>back and tell the listeners what we find later. But

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<v Speaker 2>whether there's an attitude shift with younger men and whether

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<v Speaker 2>we're seeing kind of I don't know men between eighteen

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<v Speaker 2>and thirty exhibit a more hours of contribution to a household,

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<v Speaker 2>but be that expectation question, whether there's a sort of

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<v Speaker 2>generational shift.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, you can be our sample size of one. Are

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<v Speaker 1>you doing more housework, Sam than.

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<v Speaker 2>I was twenty years ago? Absolutely? I know.

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<v Speaker 1>Are you doing more than your wife? No?

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<v Speaker 2>Absolutely not, I was going to say, but probably if

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<v Speaker 2>I was to be asked whether I thought I was

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<v Speaker 2>doing enough, it would be a big, fat no. So

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<v Speaker 2>I think that that I would hope that that salvages

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<v Speaker 2>my reputation slightly, is that it sounds like I'm a

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<v Speaker 2>bit more in touch than the general male population in

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<v Speaker 2>terms of expectations on me, and I know I'm falling

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<v Speaker 2>very well short of that.

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<v Speaker 1>I think Monty, which is Sam's wife's name, I think

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<v Speaker 1>that we cut this up, send it to her and

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<v Speaker 1>she can forever know that we have on camera you

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<v Speaker 1>saying that you're.

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<v Speaker 2>Not doing enough. I do love her very much.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay. My partner is actually the opposite. He does one

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<v Speaker 1>hundred percent of the cooking. So these findings aren't quite

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<v Speaker 1>representative for me.

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<v Speaker 2>And if we did the findings on what it was

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<v Speaker 2>like here in the TDA office, then I think it

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<v Speaker 2>would be recognized that I clean your desk. Your desk

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<v Speaker 2>is single handedly bringing down the cleanliness qualities of this workplace.

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<v Speaker 1>That is also true. But back to the survey, let's

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<v Speaker 1>stick to it.

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<v Speaker 2>What did it find about families.

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<v Speaker 1>So specifically on single parent families, it found that they

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<v Speaker 1>are struggling the most and that they have been hit

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<v Speaker 1>hardest with the rising cost of living, particularly in recent years.

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<v Speaker 1>So single parents have seen a seventy six percent increase

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<v Speaker 1>in childcare costs per child per week, and that's different

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<v Speaker 1>to families with two parents, they've seen about a fifty

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<v Speaker 1>percent increase.

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<v Speaker 2>And we can expect that that's the play a role

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<v Speaker 2>in the election that we've got coming up. On a

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<v Speaker 2>federal level, childcare policies always part of the equation in

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<v Speaker 2>a federal context, but there was also a finding that

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<v Speaker 2>I found really interesting. About one in four single parent

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<v Speaker 2>families live in poverty. Yeah, and I thought that was

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<v Speaker 2>quite a shocking stat for a country where we the

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<v Speaker 2>image of Australia that we like to project and think

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<v Speaker 2>about is not one where you've got twenty five percent

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<v Speaker 2>of single parent families living below the poverty line. Let's

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<v Speaker 2>now turn to one other group before we wrap up today,

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<v Speaker 2>and I want to talk about young people. What are

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<v Speaker 2>the specific trends that you think are important in terms

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<v Speaker 2>of Australia's youth.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah. I think the biggest thing that stood out to

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<v Speaker 1>me about young people in this report is the prevalence

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<v Speaker 1>of loneliness. Right, So, Hilda found that loneliness is particularly

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<v Speaker 1>prevalent among young people aged between fifteen and twenty four,

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<v Speaker 1>and that share of lonely individuals between that age group

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<v Speaker 1>specifically was increasing for about a decade before twenty twenty,

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<v Speaker 1>but then it co completely accelerated once a pandemic did hit.

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<v Speaker 1>So in twenty twenty, about one in four young people

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<v Speaker 1>said that they were lonely and that has stayed at

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<v Speaker 1>similar levels in the years since.

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<v Speaker 2>Despite the fact that there's not those physical barriers of

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<v Speaker 2>being able to you know, we can go out of

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<v Speaker 2>it exactly if we want.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah. So we saw this exponential increase in the number

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<v Speaker 1>of young people feeling lonely during the pandemic and it

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<v Speaker 1>has stayed there despite like you were just saying, those

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<v Speaker 1>restrictions that came in during the pandemic lifting. Interestingly, just

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<v Speaker 1>staying on loneliness, is said that none of the other

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<v Speaker 1>age groups saw a similar increase in loneliness prevalence, So

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<v Speaker 1>it was only in young people that we saw that,

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<v Speaker 1>and actually older adults even saw a decrease in the

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<v Speaker 1>share of lonely people.

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<v Speaker 2>And that's part of a global trend as well. I mean,

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<v Speaker 2>we've covered loneliness studies that have been US based and

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<v Speaker 2>the warning from the US Surgeon General that loneliness is

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<v Speaker 2>the kind of epidemic of our time, particularly for younger populations,

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<v Speaker 2>and Australia is clearly not exempt from that.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah. Also, just quickly, in terms of a gender divide,

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<v Speaker 1>it found that females are more likely to become lonely

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<v Speaker 1>than males.

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<v Speaker 2>I think there's a lot of work to be done

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<v Speaker 2>in this loneliness space, and there are new projects from

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<v Speaker 2>almost every university in Australia around loneliness the psychology of loneliness.

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<v Speaker 2>But I think this highlights that clearly there are things

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<v Speaker 2>that we're still trying to figure out an answer around

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<v Speaker 2>how to prevent it and help people move through it.

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<v Speaker 1>We often talk about the loneliness epidemic, particularly among young people,

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<v Speaker 1>and I can never talk about it without mentioning Eleanor Oliphant,

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<v Speaker 1>which is my favorite book of all time. Are you

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<v Speaker 1>familiar with it, Sam, No, Oh, It's called Eleanor Oliphant

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<v Speaker 1>is completely fine, and it follows the story of a

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<v Speaker 1>woman who experiences severe loneliness. And it's just a beautiful,

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<v Speaker 1>beautiful book, and it really provides it's fiction, but it

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<v Speaker 1>provides really captivating insights into the mindset of an extremely

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<v Speaker 1>lonely person. It's a beautiful book. You'll cry and love

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<v Speaker 1>all in one sentence. It's just beautiful.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know if I've got time to read with

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<v Speaker 2>all of my increased housework, due to make sure that

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<v Speaker 2>when we sit here this time next year, I can

0:12:13.760 --> 0:12:16.920
<v Speaker 2>say very firmly that I've lifted my game. Billy, thank

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<v Speaker 2>you so much for taking us through those findings. They're

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<v Speaker 2>fascinating and gives us an interesting snapshot into the state

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<v Speaker 2>of Australia and thank you for joining us on the

0:12:25.280 --> 0:12:28.320
<v Speaker 2>Daily Ods this morning. If you feel like you haven't

0:12:28.360 --> 0:12:30.440
<v Speaker 2>done quite enough housework, I've got the way to make

0:12:30.480 --> 0:12:33.120
<v Speaker 2>you feel better. You can follow, like or subscribe this

0:12:33.200 --> 0:12:36.080
<v Speaker 2>podcast watch the logic there. Not quite sure, I'll have

0:12:36.120 --> 0:12:38.840
<v Speaker 2>to tell you next time, but it does help independent media.

0:12:39.160 --> 0:12:41.120
<v Speaker 2>And you know, if we can make one of us

0:12:41.120 --> 0:12:43.480
<v Speaker 2>in this conversation feel better, then you don't feel that

0:12:43.520 --> 0:12:45.440
<v Speaker 2>good about the housework. We feel good about growing our

0:12:45.440 --> 0:12:48.400
<v Speaker 2>little company. So thank you so much for joining us.

0:12:48.440 --> 0:12:50.840
<v Speaker 2>They We'll be back in the afternoon with your headlines.

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<v Speaker 2>Have a good one. My name is Lily Maddon and

0:12:56.960 --> 0:13:01.280
<v Speaker 2>I'm a proud Aranda Bunjelung calcottin Woman Country.

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<v Speaker 1>The Daily oz acknowledges that this podcast is recorded on

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<v Speaker 1>the lands of the Gadigal people and pays respect to

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<v Speaker 1>all Aboriginal and Torrestrate island and nations. We pay our

0:13:10.760 --> 0:13:13.920
<v Speaker 1>respects to the first peoples of these countries, both past

0:13:14.000 --> 0:13:14.520
<v Speaker 1>and present.