1 00:00:00,920 --> 00:00:05,680 Speaker 1: This is jem Nation. We're well. It was horrific news. 2 00:00:05,720 --> 00:00:08,160 Speaker 1: More than one hundred and fifty young people died, including 3 00:00:08,200 --> 00:00:12,680 Speaker 1: an Australian woman in South Korea celebrating Halloween. This is 4 00:00:12,680 --> 00:00:16,800 Speaker 1: a famous strip of restaurants and bars and nightclubs, particularly 5 00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:21,239 Speaker 1: at Halloween, but it's a narrow corridor of streets. I 6 00:00:21,360 --> 00:00:27,639 Speaker 1: have felt physically ill thinking about that scenario, about being 7 00:00:27,920 --> 00:00:32,160 Speaker 1: a crowd crush and dying of asphyxiation. I don't even 8 00:00:32,479 --> 00:00:35,760 Speaker 1: I've really struggled thinking about this, but I've had to 9 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:40,040 Speaker 1: push through that to read up on what happens and 10 00:00:40,080 --> 00:00:41,320 Speaker 1: how to avoid it. 11 00:00:41,320 --> 00:00:43,360 Speaker 2: It's scary. Have you ever been caught in a crowd crush? 12 00:00:43,560 --> 00:00:43,760 Speaker 1: No. 13 00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:46,919 Speaker 2: Two thousand Olympics. When it all wrapped up and we're 14 00:00:46,920 --> 00:00:49,600 Speaker 2: at the Opera House, we're coming back to catch the 15 00:00:49,640 --> 00:00:53,480 Speaker 2: train home. Martin Place was closed, Town Hall was closed 16 00:00:53,479 --> 00:00:55,760 Speaker 2: because of too many people, and by the time we 17 00:00:55,840 --> 00:00:58,120 Speaker 2: got to Central, like the whole of George Street was 18 00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:00,440 Speaker 2: just packed with people. And then we got to Central. 19 00:01:00,480 --> 00:01:02,520 Speaker 2: There was a bit where we were and I am. 20 00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:05,319 Speaker 2: My eldest was little, you know, it was about three 21 00:01:05,400 --> 00:01:07,320 Speaker 2: or four, so he was asleep because by this stage 22 00:01:07,319 --> 00:01:09,440 Speaker 2: it's like two in the morning and I've got him, 23 00:01:09,520 --> 00:01:12,319 Speaker 2: and the crowd started surging and this city rail guy 24 00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:15,279 Speaker 2: was going off his cracker, which wasn't helping the case. 25 00:01:15,440 --> 00:01:18,080 Speaker 2: And then someone threw up in the crowd and it 26 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:21,839 Speaker 2: smelt terrible and it was like and I was thinking, geez, 27 00:01:21,920 --> 00:01:24,240 Speaker 2: this is this is how it happens. It happened. It 28 00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:26,560 Speaker 2: wasn't as bad as that, but you could feel how 29 00:01:26,600 --> 00:01:28,360 Speaker 2: a crowd and your powerless. 30 00:01:28,760 --> 00:01:31,160 Speaker 1: That's this is the thing. And in the same way 31 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:32,920 Speaker 1: that when you're on an aeroplane and they say, look 32 00:01:32,920 --> 00:01:35,240 Speaker 1: at where your exits are, everyone goes, oh, that's boring. 33 00:01:35,280 --> 00:01:37,240 Speaker 1: I don't need to do that. Anyone who does a 34 00:01:37,240 --> 00:01:40,200 Speaker 1: flight crash investigation says you need to know where your 35 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:42,840 Speaker 1: exits are. Same with this. This is what they're saying. 36 00:01:42,880 --> 00:01:45,560 Speaker 1: Here's keep this stuff in the back of your head 37 00:01:45,959 --> 00:01:47,720 Speaker 1: somehow in case you ever need it. And one of 38 00:01:47,800 --> 00:01:50,200 Speaker 1: them is if you are attending a concert or a 39 00:01:50,240 --> 00:01:54,560 Speaker 1: large event, note where the emergency exits are. Once it 40 00:01:54,600 --> 00:01:56,480 Speaker 1: gets too crowded, the main exit may not be the 41 00:01:56,520 --> 00:01:59,000 Speaker 1: most viable option. So that's one of the things to 42 00:01:59,040 --> 00:02:02,680 Speaker 1: keep an eye out for. Subtle danger signs. A crowd 43 00:02:02,720 --> 00:02:06,040 Speaker 1: is becoming dangerous. If the crowd is moving and then slows, 44 00:02:06,640 --> 00:02:10,680 Speaker 1: it's a sign that the density is increasing. Right, If 45 00:02:10,720 --> 00:02:13,560 Speaker 1: you hear people complaining about discomfort, you hear cries of 46 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:16,560 Speaker 1: distress about how many people are there, that is a 47 00:02:16,600 --> 00:02:20,280 Speaker 1: sign that the density is increasing. They say. Once the 48 00:02:20,320 --> 00:02:23,440 Speaker 1: crowd density begins to exceed about five people per square meter, 49 00:02:24,080 --> 00:02:28,120 Speaker 1: the situation is potentially dangerous. So it's all about being 50 00:02:28,280 --> 00:02:31,760 Speaker 1: aware of that stuff. What should I do if I'm 51 00:02:31,800 --> 00:02:34,400 Speaker 1: stuck in a crowd, it says here in a crowd crush, 52 00:02:34,919 --> 00:02:38,400 Speaker 1: Once the crowd stops moving, your priorities should be to 53 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:41,280 Speaker 1: stay on your feet, keep your arms from being pinned 54 00:02:41,320 --> 00:02:44,600 Speaker 1: by your side, protect your chest, and conserve oxygen. This 55 00:02:44,680 --> 00:02:46,600 Speaker 1: is the thing. Kate, one of our producers, said that 56 00:02:46,639 --> 00:02:48,200 Speaker 1: she was in a mosh pit and ended up on 57 00:02:48,240 --> 00:02:50,880 Speaker 1: the ground. And she said she was pinching people's legs 58 00:02:50,919 --> 00:02:53,600 Speaker 1: to say, I'm down here. Don't stand on me. There's 59 00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:55,560 Speaker 1: a human down here, just pinching their legs. She said 60 00:02:55,600 --> 00:02:59,680 Speaker 1: she'd have drawn, oh, I don't know, a wash pit, 61 00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:03,560 Speaker 1: Brendan focus and she was saying I'm here, And that's 62 00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:05,120 Speaker 1: the thing they say, Is it safe to help others? 63 00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:07,600 Speaker 1: In a crowd crush, you must and you should for 64 00:03:07,639 --> 00:03:11,600 Speaker 1: your own safety. Your chances of survival improve if those 65 00:03:11,639 --> 00:03:15,400 Speaker 1: around you also stay on their feet. When one person falls, 66 00:03:15,400 --> 00:03:18,720 Speaker 1: it can trigger a dangerous crowd collapse like stacks on. Yeah, 67 00:03:18,800 --> 00:03:20,960 Speaker 1: so if someone around you trips or falls, it's in 68 00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:25,880 Speaker 1: all your best interests haul them up. What's another one here? 69 00:03:26,960 --> 00:03:30,320 Speaker 1: Most crowd crush deaths, it's just even horrible talking about 70 00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:34,120 Speaker 1: this occur in small spaces like alleyways, mosh pits, or 71 00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:37,320 Speaker 1: exit hallways of venues. It's best to leave early and 72 00:03:37,320 --> 00:03:40,640 Speaker 1: not wait for things to get dangerous, since others may 73 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:43,560 Speaker 1: get the same idea at the end and everyone exits 74 00:03:43,560 --> 00:03:47,160 Speaker 1: at the same time. And this one. If you've got 75 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:49,800 Speaker 1: a backpack, keep it on. Keep the space around you 76 00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:51,680 Speaker 1: if you are stuck in the crowd and the field 77 00:03:51,720 --> 00:03:55,640 Speaker 1: the density increasing. Make space around your chest with your arms, 78 00:03:55,640 --> 00:03:58,240 Speaker 1: like keep your elbows out. Pinning your arms to your 79 00:03:58,280 --> 00:04:02,080 Speaker 1: sides or above your head leaves your chest open to 80 00:04:02,160 --> 00:04:07,040 Speaker 1: being compressed, and that's how that's how you pass away asphyxiation. 81 00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:10,200 Speaker 1: So keep the base around you. This is the stuff 82 00:04:10,240 --> 00:04:13,240 Speaker 1: that you assume, hope you will never need to know. 83 00:04:13,960 --> 00:04:16,160 Speaker 1: But keep it in your head, and a lot of it, 84 00:04:16,200 --> 00:04:19,520 Speaker 1: as you can hear, is just being pre aware. Don't 85 00:04:19,600 --> 00:04:21,400 Speaker 1: leave it to the last minute to think this feels 86 00:04:21,400 --> 00:04:23,040 Speaker 1: a bit dangerous. Be aware. 87 00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:25,400 Speaker 2: That's why I go and see moderately successful acts. 88 00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:30,839 Speaker 1: There's no one there. It's just you and doctor Hook, okay, 89 00:04:30,920 --> 00:04:32,640 Speaker 1: And when they say walk and sit right down, you 90 00:04:32,680 --> 00:04:34,000 Speaker 1: can because you're the only one there.