WEBVTT - The U.S. strikes on Iran, explained 0:00:05.519 --> 0:00:08.200 Good morning, and welcome to the Daily Odds. It's Tuesday, 0:00:08.240 --> 0:00:09.360 the twenty fourth of June. 0:00:09.480 --> 0:00:11.440 I'm Lucy Tassel, I'm Sam Kulski. 0:00:11.720 --> 0:00:14.280 Over the weekend, the US struck Iran. 0:00:14.600 --> 0:00:18.280 The operation President Trump planned was bold and it was brilliant, 0:00:18.400 --> 0:00:22.400 showing the world that American deterrence is back. 0:00:22.560 --> 0:00:26.880 Iran cannot be allowed to get a nuclear weapon, and 0:00:26.960 --> 0:00:29.280 we support action to prevent that. 0:00:29.280 --> 0:00:30.360 That is what this is. 0:00:30.840 --> 0:00:33.360 It's the largest attack America has ever carried out on 0:00:33.440 --> 0:00:36.560 Iran and comes amid a war between Iran and Israel, 0:00:36.640 --> 0:00:40.400 which counts the US as its closest ally. In today's episode, 0:00:40.520 --> 0:00:44.440 we'll explain the historic strike, discuss Iran's reaction, and catch 0:00:44.479 --> 0:00:46.320 you up with this rapidly evolving story. 0:00:48.240 --> 0:00:50.479 Okay, So, Lucy, when you and I chatted in the 0:00:50.520 --> 0:00:53.680 office on Friday afternoon, yeah, the position was that we 0:00:53.760 --> 0:00:57.320 knew that President Trump was considering the possibility of the 0:00:57.440 --> 0:01:02.200 US striking Iran. Here said this very ominous, indecisive quote 0:01:02.280 --> 0:01:04.120 of I may do it, I may not do it. 0:01:04.240 --> 0:01:07.720 Late last week, then on Sunday morning, our time, about 0:01:07.720 --> 0:01:10.880 ten am, he did do it, and he launched strikes 0:01:10.920 --> 0:01:14.640 on three nuclear sites in Iran. There's so much one pack, 0:01:14.680 --> 0:01:16.640 But give me a sense of how we got here. 0:01:17.080 --> 0:01:19.839 Yeah, I mean it's hard to know where to even start. 0:01:19.920 --> 0:01:22.319 I know that we have been discussing how we can 0:01:22.560 --> 0:01:25.640 explain the US Iran relationship. If that's something you would 0:01:25.640 --> 0:01:27.680 be interested in, please reach out to us. 0:01:27.720 --> 0:01:28.480 I'll let us know. 0:01:29.240 --> 0:01:31.120 I'm just going to kind of talk about the last 0:01:31.160 --> 0:01:34.280 few days, just to catch people up to speed. I 0:01:34.319 --> 0:01:37.320 think it starts with a statement from the UN Nuclear 0:01:37.360 --> 0:01:41.240 Watchdog earlier this month. So the watchdog said Iran had 0:01:41.280 --> 0:01:46.199 failed to comply with its international legal obligations to allow 0:01:46.400 --> 0:01:51.160 independent monitors from the UN to fully investigate its nuclear sites. 0:01:51.600 --> 0:01:55.120 It said it hadn't answered questions about activities at certain sites, 0:01:55.360 --> 0:01:58.480 and it said Iran hadn't explained why it was accruing quote, 0:01:58.640 --> 0:02:01.640 highly enriched urani, which is the kind that you need 0:02:01.680 --> 0:02:06.240 for nuclear weapons rather than nuclear energy. The Watchdog did 0:02:06.280 --> 0:02:08.960 not find that Iran had a nuclear weapon or had 0:02:09.000 --> 0:02:11.560 made one, but it said it was the only nation 0:02:11.800 --> 0:02:15.680 without nuclear weapons that is producing such material, which the 0:02:15.720 --> 0:02:21.240 watchdog couldn't ignore given the potential proliferation implications and. 0:02:21.240 --> 0:02:24.880 All of those international regulations that govern the nuclear energy 0:02:24.919 --> 0:02:29.399 and nuclear warfare sphere or comes in this framework of 0:02:29.720 --> 0:02:32.240 the international community trying to figure out how to prevent 0:02:32.639 --> 0:02:35.440 a nuclear war essentially, But what do you mean by 0:02:35.480 --> 0:02:36.880 the word proliferation? 0:02:37.320 --> 0:02:41.080 In this context, the word proliferation means increasing the number 0:02:41.080 --> 0:02:44.400 of nuclear weapons in the world. The UN's main treaty 0:02:44.440 --> 0:02:47.000 on nuclear weapons is called the Treaty on the Non 0:02:47.080 --> 0:02:51.800 Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which binds countries to never acquire 0:02:51.919 --> 0:02:56.280 nuclear weapons other than a handful which had developed and 0:02:56.480 --> 0:03:01.160 detonated one before nineteen sixty seven. Iran had signed this treaty, 0:03:01.240 --> 0:03:04.800 as has the US. Israel has not. Nuclear weapons are 0:03:04.800 --> 0:03:08.120 obviously catastrophic. We know from the only time in history 0:03:08.160 --> 0:03:10.720 they have been used in conflict, during World War II, 0:03:10.880 --> 0:03:14.200 when the US dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese 0:03:14.240 --> 0:03:18.960 cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, how wide ranging and long 0:03:19.040 --> 0:03:23.080 lasting the effects can be. There are strict regulations under 0:03:23.240 --> 0:03:26.639 international law around which countries are allowed to have them. 0:03:26.680 --> 0:03:30.280 As I said earlier, we have heard, though from governments 0:03:30.320 --> 0:03:34.240 around the world, including our own, that Iran can never 0:03:34.320 --> 0:03:38.800 be allowed to develop a nuclear weapon, can never become 0:03:39.040 --> 0:03:40.320 a nuclear nation. 0:03:40.680 --> 0:03:43.040 And what is it about Iran that puts it in 0:03:43.080 --> 0:03:44.760 that category of country. 0:03:45.480 --> 0:03:49.280 For some context origious statement from the G seven summit 0:03:49.320 --> 0:03:53.040 earlier this month, where world leaders said Iran can never 0:03:53.080 --> 0:03:56.600 have a nuclear weapon because it is the principal source 0:03:56.760 --> 0:04:00.840 of regional instability and terror. We know so that Iran 0:04:01.200 --> 0:04:04.880 financially and militarily supports a number of groups in the region, 0:04:05.320 --> 0:04:09.560 Hamas in Gaza, Hesbla and Lebanon, and the Huthis in Yemen, 0:04:09.640 --> 0:04:14.400 among others. All three groups are designated as terrorist organizations 0:04:14.400 --> 0:04:18.440 by Australia. We also know that the Iranian regime has 0:04:18.480 --> 0:04:22.760 said its goal is to destroy Israel, and again on 0:04:22.800 --> 0:04:24.960 that note of concern about what it would do to 0:04:25.040 --> 0:04:28.760 the region. Saudi Arabia, for example, has said it will 0:04:28.760 --> 0:04:33.120 acquire nuclear weapons if Iran develops one. Israel is believed 0:04:33.200 --> 0:04:36.800 to have nuclear weapons, but it has never publicly confirmed 0:04:36.880 --> 0:04:41.559 or denied either way. Finally, in twenty fifteen, Iran signed 0:04:41.600 --> 0:04:45.040 a treaty that it would not develop nuclear weapons, that 0:04:45.160 --> 0:04:48.839 its nuclear program would only be for energy in exchange 0:04:48.960 --> 0:04:53.440 for other countries, slowly lifting financial restrictions on Iran. 0:04:54.160 --> 0:04:56.239 Okay, so let me kind of bring that all together. 0:04:56.360 --> 0:04:59.800 You've got a country that is known to be supporting 0:05:00.040 --> 0:05:04.880 and financially facilitating known terrorist groups in the region. And 0:05:05.080 --> 0:05:07.480 it's a region where other countries have said, well, if 0:05:07.480 --> 0:05:10.200 they keep developing their nuclear program, then we'll have to 0:05:10.400 --> 0:05:12.640 as well. So you've got a backdrop of all of 0:05:12.640 --> 0:05:16.000 these concerns. Then you have their promise of not developing 0:05:16.160 --> 0:05:19.080 a weapon, and then last week we got this release 0:05:19.160 --> 0:05:21.839 from the UN Nuclear watchdog saying there are concerns that 0:05:21.880 --> 0:05:26.320 they are in fact making progress. Yeah. Then what after that? 0:05:26.920 --> 0:05:30.360 Israel carried out a series of strikes on Iran. Israel 0:05:30.400 --> 0:05:34.400 said it was targeting military and nuclear infrastructure, including the 0:05:34.440 --> 0:05:39.000 residences of military generals in apartment buildings in Tehran. Here's 0:05:39.080 --> 0:05:44.000 what Israeli PM Benjamin Netnya, who said was Israel's justification. 0:05:44.520 --> 0:05:48.120 In recent months, Iran has taken steps that it has 0:05:48.240 --> 0:05:53.120 never taken before, steps to weaponize this enriched uranium. If 0:05:53.120 --> 0:05:56.640 not stopped, Iran could produce a nuclear weapon in a 0:05:56.839 --> 0:05:59.240 very short time. It could be a year, it could 0:05:59.279 --> 0:06:02.360 be within a few months, less than a you this 0:06:02.400 --> 0:06:06.039 is a clear and present danger to Israel's very survival. 0:06:06.320 --> 0:06:10.120 Iran, for its part, has repeatedly said its nuclear program 0:06:10.240 --> 0:06:15.120 is entirely peaceful, Iran's supreme leader is called the Ayatollah, 0:06:15.240 --> 0:06:17.320 and he said a few times in the past that 0:06:17.400 --> 0:06:21.120 the use of nuclear weapons is haram or forbidden under Islam, 0:06:21.200 --> 0:06:24.360 and Iran, as we know, is an Islamic republic ever 0:06:24.440 --> 0:06:29.080 since its revolution in nineteen seventy nine. Iran responded by 0:06:29.120 --> 0:06:34.320 striking back. It hit Israeli cities Telabev and Haifa. In 0:06:34.360 --> 0:06:38.400 the ensuing days, the nations have struck each other with missiles. 0:06:38.800 --> 0:06:42.919 Both sides say they're aiming for military infrastructure. Both sides 0:06:42.960 --> 0:06:47.320 have killed and injured civilians. The latest death toll that 0:06:47.400 --> 0:06:51.880 we have from Iranian authorities is four hundred and thirty deaths, 0:06:52.200 --> 0:06:58.000 mainly civilians. Israeli authorities report twenty five civilian deaths. During 0:06:58.000 --> 0:07:00.839 this time, there was a lot of discuss about whether 0:07:00.880 --> 0:07:03.039 the US would strike Iran, as we mentioned at the 0:07:03.040 --> 0:07:06.960 top of today's episode, given its close relationship with Israel 0:07:07.120 --> 0:07:10.440 and its capabilities as the world's most powerful military. 0:07:10.840 --> 0:07:13.960 It's crazy to think that from when that nuclear report 0:07:14.000 --> 0:07:18.280 came out to last Friday was only about a week. Yeah, 0:07:18.360 --> 0:07:20.760 it was about eight or nine days, So so much 0:07:20.840 --> 0:07:25.400 happened in that period, and this idea of US involvement 0:07:25.600 --> 0:07:29.040 started to become more and more present in the new cycle, 0:07:29.280 --> 0:07:32.360 in the language with which all parties were speaking and 0:07:32.440 --> 0:07:35.640 analyzing the situation. And then on Sunday morning, there was 0:07:35.680 --> 0:07:38.680 this strike from the US and we found out via 0:07:38.840 --> 0:07:43.520 a post to President Trump's social media platform Truth Social. 0:07:43.800 --> 0:07:44.840 Tell me about the strike. 0:07:45.280 --> 0:07:48.440 We know the US struck three nuclear sites in Iran. 0:07:49.320 --> 0:07:53.000 US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth said on Sunday night 0:07:53.080 --> 0:07:57.080 our time that the US flew B two Spirit planes, 0:07:57.240 --> 0:08:01.080 which are really big and really quiet aircraft. He said 0:08:01.120 --> 0:08:05.200 these were flown into Iranian airspace without being detected and 0:08:05.280 --> 0:08:10.080 dropped what he called massive ordinance penetrators. We would know 0:08:10.120 --> 0:08:14.120 these better as bunker busters. It's a kind of bomb 0:08:14.160 --> 0:08:18.840 that drops deeply into the earth before exploding. These were 0:08:18.880 --> 0:08:22.800 dropped because at least one of Iran's nuclear sites is 0:08:22.840 --> 0:08:24.360 deep underground. 0:08:23.840 --> 0:08:27.040 About ninety meters I think underground, so a substantial amount 0:08:27.080 --> 0:08:29.280 of earth to get through with the bomb. Yeah, to 0:08:29.360 --> 0:08:31.679 actually do some damage to the facility, yeah. 0:08:31.920 --> 0:08:34.360 Hegsath said it was the first time these had ever 0:08:34.400 --> 0:08:37.480 been used. He added that the goal of the operation 0:08:37.760 --> 0:08:41.240 was to quote neutralize the threats to our national interests 0:08:41.640 --> 0:08:45.400 posed by the Iranian nuclear program and the collective self 0:08:45.400 --> 0:08:47.920 defense of our troops and our ally Israel. 0:08:48.280 --> 0:08:50.880 So to translate some of that kind of corporate political 0:08:50.920 --> 0:08:54.520 speak to what Hags Earth is actually saying there, He's saying, 0:08:55.040 --> 0:08:58.520 essentially that the US needed to bomb these Iranian nuclear 0:08:58.520 --> 0:09:02.240 facilities because there was a threat to America and a 0:09:02.280 --> 0:09:04.720 threat to Israel and a threat to American troops in 0:09:04.760 --> 0:09:07.880 the region. Yeah, and what is his boss, President Trump 0:09:08.000 --> 0:09:08.640 said about this? 0:09:09.320 --> 0:09:12.720 Shortly after Trump made that truth social post, he spoke 0:09:12.760 --> 0:09:14.800 at the White House. He is a bit of what 0:09:14.880 --> 0:09:15.319 he said. 0:09:15.760 --> 0:09:19.559 This cannot continue. There will be either peace or there 0:09:19.600 --> 0:09:22.960 will be tragedy. For I ran far greater than we 0:09:23.000 --> 0:09:26.600 have witnessed over the last eight days. Remember, there are 0:09:27.120 --> 0:09:31.640 many targets left. The nights was the most difficult of 0:09:31.679 --> 0:09:35.920 them all by far, and perhaps the most lethal. But 0:09:35.960 --> 0:09:38.600 if peace does not come quickly, we will go after 0:09:39.040 --> 0:09:44.679 those other targets with precision, speed and skill. Most of 0:09:44.720 --> 0:09:47.440 them can be taken out in a matter of minutes. 0:09:47.559 --> 0:09:49.840 And that last part of the statement, Lucy, was probably 0:09:50.080 --> 0:09:52.240 of the most concerns of you and I when we 0:09:52.240 --> 0:09:56.880 were watching that address live on Sunday. It really brought 0:09:56.960 --> 0:09:59.640 to the fronts this idea that the US could continue 0:09:59.679 --> 0:10:04.360 striving which the international community might consider more of a 0:10:04.440 --> 0:10:07.680 full blown war with Iran, rather than this language around 0:10:07.720 --> 0:10:11.960 a targeted strike, a limited strike, allumited operation. What has 0:10:12.000 --> 0:10:16.080 the reaction been from Iran to these strikes, especially with 0:10:16.240 --> 0:10:17.960 that framing by President Trump. 0:10:18.240 --> 0:10:21.240 So Iran called for the UN Security Council to have 0:10:21.320 --> 0:10:24.600 an emergency meeting, which happened on Monday morning our time. 0:10:25.200 --> 0:10:27.840 The Security Council, for those who might not know, is 0:10:27.840 --> 0:10:30.840 one of the UN's main bodies. It's responsible for the 0:10:30.960 --> 0:10:35.199 maintenance of international peace and security. It's the only body 0:10:35.240 --> 0:10:37.480 in the UN that actually has the power to make 0:10:37.559 --> 0:10:42.040 decisions that member states are obligated to implement. It has 0:10:42.160 --> 0:10:45.280 fifteen members. Some of these are permanent, some of them 0:10:45.320 --> 0:10:48.440 are temporary. The US is one of the permanent members. 0:10:48.559 --> 0:10:51.200 Australia has been a temporary member in the past. We 0:10:51.320 --> 0:10:55.280 are not currently on the makeup of the Security Council. 0:10:56.200 --> 0:11:01.520 So at that Security Council meeting, Iran's delegate used Netnyahu again, 0:11:01.600 --> 0:11:06.120 he's the Israeli Prime Minister of quote hijacking US foreign policy, 0:11:06.400 --> 0:11:10.920 dragging the United States into yet another costly, baseless war. 0:11:11.280 --> 0:11:15.120 He called the US attack quote aggression and unlawful action, 0:11:15.559 --> 0:11:19.680 and said the allegations of nuclear development were baseless. He 0:11:19.800 --> 0:11:22.560 said Iran had a right to defend itself and that 0:11:22.600 --> 0:11:26.280 its response would be quote proportionate in terms of what 0:11:26.320 --> 0:11:29.120 that attack could involve. We should remember Iran is a 0:11:29.160 --> 0:11:32.640 long way from even the US East Coast, and not 0:11:32.720 --> 0:11:35.280 many countries have missiles that have a long enough range 0:11:35.320 --> 0:11:37.400 to travel that far. I would think it would be 0:11:37.440 --> 0:11:40.160 more likely for Iran to attack a US military base 0:11:40.280 --> 0:11:43.160 in the region, which, as we said, was something that 0:11:43.200 --> 0:11:45.400 Trump was thinking about. 0:11:45.760 --> 0:11:49.679 The other potential, therefore, Iran is a response directly against 0:11:49.720 --> 0:11:53.160 Israel they see as part of this duo with the US. 0:11:53.640 --> 0:11:57.400 That indeed happened in the twenty four hours after the 0:11:57.440 --> 0:12:01.320 strikes on the three nuclear facilities. What has the position 0:12:01.480 --> 0:12:05.079 been from the US and Israel in the days since 0:12:05.120 --> 0:12:05.560 the strike? 0:12:06.000 --> 0:12:06.440 Yeah. So. 0:12:06.600 --> 0:12:09.440 At that Security Council meeting, the US said its move 0:12:09.559 --> 0:12:12.960 was justified because of the UN Watchdog report and that 0:12:13.000 --> 0:12:16.200 it needed to act now to quote eliminate a longstanding 0:12:16.280 --> 0:12:20.120 but rapidly escalating source of global insecurity and to aid 0:12:20.160 --> 0:12:23.960 our ally Israel in our inherent right of collective self defense. 0:12:24.960 --> 0:12:28.720 Israel's representative called the attack a quote last line of defense, 0:12:29.160 --> 0:12:32.640 saying the cost of inaction would have been catastrophic. A 0:12:32.760 --> 0:12:35.560 nuclear Iran would have been a death sentence, just as 0:12:35.640 --> 0:12:37.880 much for you as it would have been for us. 0:12:38.800 --> 0:12:41.000 We'll be back with more of today's date dive right 0:12:41.040 --> 0:12:43.240 after this. I want to talk a little bit more 0:12:43.240 --> 0:12:47.400 about this idea about self defense and the way that 0:12:47.400 --> 0:12:51.079 that's used in coordination with an idea of a preemptive 0:12:51.120 --> 0:12:54.000 strike as well. There's been a number of times in 0:12:54.040 --> 0:12:56.640 the international arena in the last couple of years that 0:12:56.679 --> 0:13:00.680 we've seen self defense and preemptive strike language US. We 0:13:00.720 --> 0:13:03.280 can talk about Hamas attacking Israel on the seventh of 0:13:03.280 --> 0:13:06.040 October twenty twenty three. We can also talk about Russia 0:13:06.120 --> 0:13:07.559 invading Ukraine. 0:13:07.200 --> 0:13:07.960 The year before. 0:13:09.080 --> 0:13:13.440 Where does this idea of self defense come from? Because 0:13:13.440 --> 0:13:15.440 I know there's a body of international law. It's a 0:13:15.480 --> 0:13:18.800 notoriously hard area to actually police, But give me a 0:13:18.800 --> 0:13:21.920 sense of kind of the rule book that sits behind 0:13:21.960 --> 0:13:22.360 all of this. 0:13:22.800 --> 0:13:25.280 Yeah, the idea of the right to self defense comes 0:13:25.320 --> 0:13:29.520 from the United Nations Charter. It's kind of its founding document. 0:13:29.600 --> 0:13:32.800 It was signed when the organization was being formed in 0:13:32.840 --> 0:13:36.000 the dying days of World War II. Under that charter, 0:13:36.160 --> 0:13:39.160 which member states agree to, countries have a right to 0:13:39.240 --> 0:13:43.360 quote individual or collective self defense if an armed attack 0:13:43.440 --> 0:13:46.720 occurs against a member of the United Nations until the 0:13:46.760 --> 0:13:51.160 Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace 0:13:51.240 --> 0:13:55.160 and security. So that's what the US is talking about 0:13:55.200 --> 0:13:59.120 in relation to collective self defense acting on behalf of 0:13:59.160 --> 0:14:02.480 their ally is. It remains to be seen if the 0:14:02.600 --> 0:14:07.439 UN its other members will accept the possibility of progress 0:14:07.520 --> 0:14:11.440 towards a nuclear bomb as enough to justify an attack 0:14:11.480 --> 0:14:16.440 of individual self defense by Israel on Iran. Iran would 0:14:16.480 --> 0:14:20.400 argue and has argued, because Israel attacked it, it now 0:14:20.440 --> 0:14:22.040 has a right to self defense. 0:14:22.240 --> 0:14:25.560 So we've talked through the United Nations response to this 0:14:25.640 --> 0:14:30.080 and the Security Council. Let's hone in though, on Australia's reaction. Yeah, 0:14:30.120 --> 0:14:32.840 what has the reaction been from the Australian government. 0:14:33.080 --> 0:14:36.360 We've heard that the government supports the US strikes, with 0:14:36.600 --> 0:14:40.320 Foreign Minister Pennywong saying it supports quote action to prevent 0:14:40.400 --> 0:14:43.760 Iran obtaining a nuclear weapon, and that is what this is. 0:14:44.480 --> 0:14:48.120 She said, these sites are specific to Iran's nuclear program, 0:14:48.200 --> 0:14:50.680 and we know that the UN Nuclear watchdog has said 0:14:50.960 --> 0:14:55.880 that Iran is enriching to almost military levels. However, both 0:14:56.160 --> 0:15:00.520 Penny Wong and Prime Minister Anthony Albanizi have been to 0:15:01.280 --> 0:15:06.280 emphasize that these strikes were unilaterally from the US, that 0:15:06.360 --> 0:15:09.000 this was carried out by the US without any other 0:15:09.080 --> 0:15:14.000 country involved. The Prime Minister said Australia supported action to 0:15:14.040 --> 0:15:17.040 prevent Iran from making a nuclear weapon, but said the 0:15:17.080 --> 0:15:21.520 government wanted to quote diplomacy, dialogue and de escalation in 0:15:21.600 --> 0:15:22.200 the region. 0:15:23.000 --> 0:15:24.640 And the other part of this story is that there 0:15:24.680 --> 0:15:28.520 are Australians in the conflict zone, both in Iran and 0:15:28.640 --> 0:15:32.560 in Israel. What's the update on planned evacuations of these 0:15:32.800 --> 0:15:35.400 citizens and their families in both of those countries. 0:15:36.120 --> 0:15:39.760 So Penny one confirmed yesterday morning twenty nine hundred Australians 0:15:39.760 --> 0:15:43.680 and their families have requested help to leave Iran. In Israel, 0:15:43.840 --> 0:15:47.120 thirteen hundred Australians have applied to leave. The government is 0:15:47.160 --> 0:15:50.920 working on various ways of getting people out of the region. 0:15:51.160 --> 0:15:54.600 So ultimately where we're at is still a number of 0:15:54.680 --> 0:15:58.600 unknowns and a lot of this story to still play 0:15:58.600 --> 0:16:01.160 out over the week ahead. Lucy, I don't think this 0:16:01.200 --> 0:16:03.200 is the last time we're going to be chatting about 0:16:03.200 --> 0:16:05.760 this story on the podcast this week, let alone into 0:16:05.800 --> 0:16:08.560 the future. Thank you for breaking down what happened over 0:16:08.600 --> 0:16:11.600 the last couple of days, and we look forward to 0:16:11.840 --> 0:16:15.240 chatting again as this story does progress. And thank you 0:16:15.320 --> 0:16:17.840 for joining us on the Daily Os. We'd love to know, 0:16:17.880 --> 0:16:20.760 as Lucy mentioned in the podcast, what questions you've got 0:16:20.800 --> 0:16:22.800 about this topic so we can be as helpful as 0:16:22.800 --> 0:16:25.680 possible amid the uncertainty. We'll be back again with some 0:16:25.720 --> 0:16:34.440 headlines in the afternoon. Until then, have a beautiful day. 0:16:38.720 --> 0:16:41.040 My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda 0:16:41.280 --> 0:16:46.080 Bungelung Kalkuttin woman from Gadigol Country. The Daily os acknowledges 0:16:46.160 --> 0:16:48.320 that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the 0:16:48.360 --> 0:16:51.880 Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres 0:16:51.880 --> 0:16:54.840 Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the 0:16:54.840 --> 0:16:57.640 first peoples of these countries, both past and present.