1 00:00:05,519 --> 00:00:08,200 Speaker 1: Good morning, and welcome to the Daily Odds. It's Tuesday, 2 00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:09,360 Speaker 1: the twenty fourth of June. 3 00:00:09,480 --> 00:00:11,440 Speaker 2: I'm Lucy Tassel, I'm Sam Kulski. 4 00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:14,280 Speaker 1: Over the weekend, the US struck Iran. 5 00:00:14,600 --> 00:00:18,280 Speaker 3: The operation President Trump planned was bold and it was brilliant, 6 00:00:18,400 --> 00:00:22,400 Speaker 3: showing the world that American deterrence is back. 7 00:00:22,560 --> 00:00:26,880 Speaker 2: Iran cannot be allowed to get a nuclear weapon, and 8 00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:29,280 Speaker 2: we support action to prevent that. 9 00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:30,360 Speaker 4: That is what this is. 10 00:00:30,840 --> 00:00:33,360 Speaker 1: It's the largest attack America has ever carried out on 11 00:00:33,440 --> 00:00:36,560 Speaker 1: Iran and comes amid a war between Iran and Israel, 12 00:00:36,640 --> 00:00:40,400 Speaker 1: which counts the US as its closest ally. In today's episode, 13 00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:44,440 Speaker 1: we'll explain the historic strike, discuss Iran's reaction, and catch 14 00:00:44,479 --> 00:00:46,320 Speaker 1: you up with this rapidly evolving story. 15 00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:50,479 Speaker 2: Okay, So, Lucy, when you and I chatted in the 16 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:53,680 Speaker 2: office on Friday afternoon, yeah, the position was that we 17 00:00:53,760 --> 00:00:57,320 Speaker 2: knew that President Trump was considering the possibility of the 18 00:00:57,440 --> 00:01:02,200 Speaker 2: US striking Iran. Here said this very ominous, indecisive quote 19 00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:04,120 Speaker 2: of I may do it, I may not do it. 20 00:01:04,240 --> 00:01:07,720 Speaker 2: Late last week, then on Sunday morning, our time, about 21 00:01:07,720 --> 00:01:10,880 Speaker 2: ten am, he did do it, and he launched strikes 22 00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:14,640 Speaker 2: on three nuclear sites in Iran. There's so much one pack, 23 00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:16,640 Speaker 2: But give me a sense of how we got here. 24 00:01:17,080 --> 00:01:19,839 Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean it's hard to know where to even start. 25 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:22,319 Speaker 1: I know that we have been discussing how we can 26 00:01:22,560 --> 00:01:25,640 Speaker 1: explain the US Iran relationship. If that's something you would 27 00:01:25,640 --> 00:01:27,680 Speaker 1: be interested in, please reach out to us. 28 00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:28,480 Speaker 2: I'll let us know. 29 00:01:29,240 --> 00:01:31,120 Speaker 1: I'm just going to kind of talk about the last 30 00:01:31,160 --> 00:01:34,280 Speaker 1: few days, just to catch people up to speed. I 31 00:01:34,319 --> 00:01:37,320 Speaker 1: think it starts with a statement from the UN Nuclear 32 00:01:37,360 --> 00:01:41,240 Speaker 1: Watchdog earlier this month. So the watchdog said Iran had 33 00:01:41,280 --> 00:01:46,199 Speaker 1: failed to comply with its international legal obligations to allow 34 00:01:46,400 --> 00:01:51,160 Speaker 1: independent monitors from the UN to fully investigate its nuclear sites. 35 00:01:51,600 --> 00:01:55,120 Speaker 1: It said it hadn't answered questions about activities at certain sites, 36 00:01:55,360 --> 00:01:58,480 Speaker 1: and it said Iran hadn't explained why it was accruing quote, 37 00:01:58,640 --> 00:02:01,640 Speaker 1: highly enriched urani, which is the kind that you need 38 00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:06,240 Speaker 1: for nuclear weapons rather than nuclear energy. The Watchdog did 39 00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:08,960 Speaker 1: not find that Iran had a nuclear weapon or had 40 00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:11,560 Speaker 1: made one, but it said it was the only nation 41 00:02:11,800 --> 00:02:15,680 Speaker 1: without nuclear weapons that is producing such material, which the 42 00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:21,240 Speaker 1: watchdog couldn't ignore given the potential proliferation implications and. 43 00:02:21,240 --> 00:02:24,880 Speaker 2: All of those international regulations that govern the nuclear energy 44 00:02:24,919 --> 00:02:29,399 Speaker 2: and nuclear warfare sphere or comes in this framework of 45 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:32,240 Speaker 2: the international community trying to figure out how to prevent 46 00:02:32,639 --> 00:02:35,440 Speaker 2: a nuclear war essentially, But what do you mean by 47 00:02:35,480 --> 00:02:36,880 Speaker 2: the word proliferation? 48 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:41,080 Speaker 1: In this context, the word proliferation means increasing the number 49 00:02:41,080 --> 00:02:44,400 Speaker 1: of nuclear weapons in the world. The UN's main treaty 50 00:02:44,440 --> 00:02:47,000 Speaker 1: on nuclear weapons is called the Treaty on the Non 51 00:02:47,080 --> 00:02:51,800 Speaker 1: Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which binds countries to never acquire 52 00:02:51,919 --> 00:02:56,280 Speaker 1: nuclear weapons other than a handful which had developed and 53 00:02:56,480 --> 00:03:01,160 Speaker 1: detonated one before nineteen sixty seven. Iran had signed this treaty, 54 00:03:01,240 --> 00:03:04,800 Speaker 1: as has the US. Israel has not. Nuclear weapons are 55 00:03:04,800 --> 00:03:08,120 Speaker 1: obviously catastrophic. We know from the only time in history 56 00:03:08,160 --> 00:03:10,720 Speaker 1: they have been used in conflict, during World War II, 57 00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:14,200 Speaker 1: when the US dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese 58 00:03:14,240 --> 00:03:18,960 Speaker 1: cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, how wide ranging and long 59 00:03:19,040 --> 00:03:23,080 Speaker 1: lasting the effects can be. There are strict regulations under 60 00:03:23,240 --> 00:03:26,639 Speaker 1: international law around which countries are allowed to have them. 61 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:30,280 Speaker 1: As I said earlier, we have heard, though from governments 62 00:03:30,320 --> 00:03:34,240 Speaker 1: around the world, including our own, that Iran can never 63 00:03:34,320 --> 00:03:38,800 Speaker 1: be allowed to develop a nuclear weapon, can never become 64 00:03:39,040 --> 00:03:40,320 Speaker 1: a nuclear nation. 65 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:43,040 Speaker 2: And what is it about Iran that puts it in 66 00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:44,760 Speaker 2: that category of country. 67 00:03:45,480 --> 00:03:49,280 Speaker 1: For some context origious statement from the G seven summit 68 00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:53,040 Speaker 1: earlier this month, where world leaders said Iran can never 69 00:03:53,080 --> 00:03:56,600 Speaker 1: have a nuclear weapon because it is the principal source 70 00:03:56,760 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 1: of regional instability and terror. We know so that Iran 71 00:04:01,200 --> 00:04:04,880 Speaker 1: financially and militarily supports a number of groups in the region, 72 00:04:05,320 --> 00:04:09,560 Speaker 1: Hamas in Gaza, Hesbla and Lebanon, and the Huthis in Yemen, 73 00:04:09,640 --> 00:04:14,400 Speaker 1: among others. All three groups are designated as terrorist organizations 74 00:04:14,400 --> 00:04:18,440 Speaker 1: by Australia. We also know that the Iranian regime has 75 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:22,760 Speaker 1: said its goal is to destroy Israel, and again on 76 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:24,960 Speaker 1: that note of concern about what it would do to 77 00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:28,760 Speaker 1: the region. Saudi Arabia, for example, has said it will 78 00:04:28,760 --> 00:04:33,120 Speaker 1: acquire nuclear weapons if Iran develops one. Israel is believed 79 00:04:33,200 --> 00:04:36,800 Speaker 1: to have nuclear weapons, but it has never publicly confirmed 80 00:04:36,880 --> 00:04:41,559 Speaker 1: or denied either way. Finally, in twenty fifteen, Iran signed 81 00:04:41,600 --> 00:04:45,040 Speaker 1: a treaty that it would not develop nuclear weapons, that 82 00:04:45,160 --> 00:04:48,839 Speaker 1: its nuclear program would only be for energy in exchange 83 00:04:48,960 --> 00:04:53,440 Speaker 1: for other countries, slowly lifting financial restrictions on Iran. 84 00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:56,239 Speaker 2: Okay, so let me kind of bring that all together. 85 00:04:56,360 --> 00:04:59,800 Speaker 2: You've got a country that is known to be supporting 86 00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:04,880 Speaker 2: and financially facilitating known terrorist groups in the region. And 87 00:05:05,080 --> 00:05:07,480 Speaker 2: it's a region where other countries have said, well, if 88 00:05:07,480 --> 00:05:10,200 Speaker 2: they keep developing their nuclear program, then we'll have to 89 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:12,640 Speaker 2: as well. So you've got a backdrop of all of 90 00:05:12,640 --> 00:05:16,000 Speaker 2: these concerns. Then you have their promise of not developing 91 00:05:16,160 --> 00:05:19,080 Speaker 2: a weapon, and then last week we got this release 92 00:05:19,160 --> 00:05:21,839 Speaker 2: from the UN Nuclear watchdog saying there are concerns that 93 00:05:21,880 --> 00:05:26,320 Speaker 2: they are in fact making progress. Yeah. Then what after that? 94 00:05:26,920 --> 00:05:30,360 Speaker 1: Israel carried out a series of strikes on Iran. Israel 95 00:05:30,400 --> 00:05:34,400 Speaker 1: said it was targeting military and nuclear infrastructure, including the 96 00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:39,000 Speaker 1: residences of military generals in apartment buildings in Tehran. Here's 97 00:05:39,080 --> 00:05:44,000 Speaker 1: what Israeli PM Benjamin Netnya, who said was Israel's justification. 98 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:48,120 Speaker 4: In recent months, Iran has taken steps that it has 99 00:05:48,240 --> 00:05:53,120 Speaker 4: never taken before, steps to weaponize this enriched uranium. If 100 00:05:53,120 --> 00:05:56,640 Speaker 4: not stopped, Iran could produce a nuclear weapon in a 101 00:05:56,839 --> 00:05:59,240 Speaker 4: very short time. It could be a year, it could 102 00:05:59,279 --> 00:06:02,360 Speaker 4: be within a few months, less than a you this 103 00:06:02,400 --> 00:06:06,039 Speaker 4: is a clear and present danger to Israel's very survival. 104 00:06:06,320 --> 00:06:10,120 Speaker 1: Iran, for its part, has repeatedly said its nuclear program 105 00:06:10,240 --> 00:06:15,120 Speaker 1: is entirely peaceful, Iran's supreme leader is called the Ayatollah, 106 00:06:15,240 --> 00:06:17,320 Speaker 1: and he said a few times in the past that 107 00:06:17,400 --> 00:06:21,120 Speaker 1: the use of nuclear weapons is haram or forbidden under Islam, 108 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:24,360 Speaker 1: and Iran, as we know, is an Islamic republic ever 109 00:06:24,440 --> 00:06:29,080 Speaker 1: since its revolution in nineteen seventy nine. Iran responded by 110 00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:34,320 Speaker 1: striking back. It hit Israeli cities Telabev and Haifa. In 111 00:06:34,360 --> 00:06:38,400 Speaker 1: the ensuing days, the nations have struck each other with missiles. 112 00:06:38,800 --> 00:06:42,919 Speaker 1: Both sides say they're aiming for military infrastructure. Both sides 113 00:06:42,960 --> 00:06:47,320 Speaker 1: have killed and injured civilians. The latest death toll that 114 00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:51,880 Speaker 1: we have from Iranian authorities is four hundred and thirty deaths, 115 00:06:52,200 --> 00:06:58,000 Speaker 1: mainly civilians. Israeli authorities report twenty five civilian deaths. During 116 00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:00,839 Speaker 1: this time, there was a lot of discuss about whether 117 00:07:00,880 --> 00:07:03,039 Speaker 1: the US would strike Iran, as we mentioned at the 118 00:07:03,040 --> 00:07:06,960 Speaker 1: top of today's episode, given its close relationship with Israel 119 00:07:07,120 --> 00:07:10,440 Speaker 1: and its capabilities as the world's most powerful military. 120 00:07:10,840 --> 00:07:13,960 Speaker 2: It's crazy to think that from when that nuclear report 121 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:18,280 Speaker 2: came out to last Friday was only about a week. Yeah, 122 00:07:18,360 --> 00:07:20,760 Speaker 2: it was about eight or nine days, So so much 123 00:07:20,840 --> 00:07:25,400 Speaker 2: happened in that period, and this idea of US involvement 124 00:07:25,600 --> 00:07:29,040 Speaker 2: started to become more and more present in the new cycle, 125 00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:32,360 Speaker 2: in the language with which all parties were speaking and 126 00:07:32,440 --> 00:07:35,640 Speaker 2: analyzing the situation. And then on Sunday morning, there was 127 00:07:35,680 --> 00:07:38,680 Speaker 2: this strike from the US and we found out via 128 00:07:38,840 --> 00:07:43,520 Speaker 2: a post to President Trump's social media platform Truth Social. 129 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:44,840 Speaker 2: Tell me about the strike. 130 00:07:45,280 --> 00:07:48,440 Speaker 1: We know the US struck three nuclear sites in Iran. 131 00:07:49,320 --> 00:07:53,000 Speaker 1: US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth said on Sunday night 132 00:07:53,080 --> 00:07:57,080 Speaker 1: our time that the US flew B two Spirit planes, 133 00:07:57,240 --> 00:08:01,080 Speaker 1: which are really big and really quiet aircraft. He said 134 00:08:01,120 --> 00:08:05,200 Speaker 1: these were flown into Iranian airspace without being detected and 135 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:10,080 Speaker 1: dropped what he called massive ordinance penetrators. We would know 136 00:08:10,120 --> 00:08:14,120 Speaker 1: these better as bunker busters. It's a kind of bomb 137 00:08:14,160 --> 00:08:18,840 Speaker 1: that drops deeply into the earth before exploding. These were 138 00:08:18,880 --> 00:08:22,800 Speaker 1: dropped because at least one of Iran's nuclear sites is 139 00:08:22,840 --> 00:08:24,360 Speaker 1: deep underground. 140 00:08:23,840 --> 00:08:27,040 Speaker 2: About ninety meters I think underground, so a substantial amount 141 00:08:27,080 --> 00:08:29,280 Speaker 2: of earth to get through with the bomb. Yeah, to 142 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:31,679 Speaker 2: actually do some damage to the facility, yeah. 143 00:08:31,920 --> 00:08:34,360 Speaker 1: Hegsath said it was the first time these had ever 144 00:08:34,400 --> 00:08:37,480 Speaker 1: been used. He added that the goal of the operation 145 00:08:37,760 --> 00:08:41,240 Speaker 1: was to quote neutralize the threats to our national interests 146 00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:45,400 Speaker 1: posed by the Iranian nuclear program and the collective self 147 00:08:45,400 --> 00:08:47,920 Speaker 1: defense of our troops and our ally Israel. 148 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:50,880 Speaker 2: So to translate some of that kind of corporate political 149 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:54,520 Speaker 2: speak to what Hags Earth is actually saying there, He's saying, 150 00:08:55,040 --> 00:08:58,520 Speaker 2: essentially that the US needed to bomb these Iranian nuclear 151 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:02,240 Speaker 2: facilities because there was a threat to America and a 152 00:09:02,280 --> 00:09:04,720 Speaker 2: threat to Israel and a threat to American troops in 153 00:09:04,760 --> 00:09:07,880 Speaker 2: the region. Yeah, and what is his boss, President Trump 154 00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:08,640 Speaker 2: said about this? 155 00:09:09,320 --> 00:09:12,720 Speaker 1: Shortly after Trump made that truth social post, he spoke 156 00:09:12,760 --> 00:09:14,800 Speaker 1: at the White House. He is a bit of what 157 00:09:14,880 --> 00:09:15,319 Speaker 1: he said. 158 00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:19,559 Speaker 3: This cannot continue. There will be either peace or there 159 00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:22,960 Speaker 3: will be tragedy. For I ran far greater than we 160 00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:26,600 Speaker 3: have witnessed over the last eight days. Remember, there are 161 00:09:27,120 --> 00:09:31,640 Speaker 3: many targets left. The nights was the most difficult of 162 00:09:31,679 --> 00:09:35,920 Speaker 3: them all by far, and perhaps the most lethal. But 163 00:09:35,960 --> 00:09:38,600 Speaker 3: if peace does not come quickly, we will go after 164 00:09:39,040 --> 00:09:44,679 Speaker 3: those other targets with precision, speed and skill. Most of 165 00:09:44,720 --> 00:09:47,440 Speaker 3: them can be taken out in a matter of minutes. 166 00:09:47,559 --> 00:09:49,840 Speaker 2: And that last part of the statement, Lucy, was probably 167 00:09:50,080 --> 00:09:52,240 Speaker 2: of the most concerns of you and I when we 168 00:09:52,240 --> 00:09:56,880 Speaker 2: were watching that address live on Sunday. It really brought 169 00:09:56,960 --> 00:09:59,640 Speaker 2: to the fronts this idea that the US could continue 170 00:09:59,679 --> 00:10:04,360 Speaker 2: striving which the international community might consider more of a 171 00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:07,680 Speaker 2: full blown war with Iran, rather than this language around 172 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:11,960 Speaker 2: a targeted strike, a limited strike, allumited operation. What has 173 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:16,080 Speaker 2: the reaction been from Iran to these strikes, especially with 174 00:10:16,240 --> 00:10:17,960 Speaker 2: that framing by President Trump. 175 00:10:18,240 --> 00:10:21,240 Speaker 1: So Iran called for the UN Security Council to have 176 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:24,600 Speaker 1: an emergency meeting, which happened on Monday morning our time. 177 00:10:25,200 --> 00:10:27,840 Speaker 1: The Security Council, for those who might not know, is 178 00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:30,840 Speaker 1: one of the UN's main bodies. It's responsible for the 179 00:10:30,960 --> 00:10:35,199 Speaker 1: maintenance of international peace and security. It's the only body 180 00:10:35,240 --> 00:10:37,480 Speaker 1: in the UN that actually has the power to make 181 00:10:37,559 --> 00:10:42,040 Speaker 1: decisions that member states are obligated to implement. It has 182 00:10:42,160 --> 00:10:45,280 Speaker 1: fifteen members. Some of these are permanent, some of them 183 00:10:45,320 --> 00:10:48,440 Speaker 1: are temporary. The US is one of the permanent members. 184 00:10:48,559 --> 00:10:51,200 Speaker 1: Australia has been a temporary member in the past. We 185 00:10:51,320 --> 00:10:55,280 Speaker 1: are not currently on the makeup of the Security Council. 186 00:10:56,200 --> 00:11:01,520 Speaker 1: So at that Security Council meeting, Iran's delegate used Netnyahu again, 187 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:06,120 Speaker 1: he's the Israeli Prime Minister of quote hijacking US foreign policy, 188 00:11:06,400 --> 00:11:10,920 Speaker 1: dragging the United States into yet another costly, baseless war. 189 00:11:11,280 --> 00:11:15,120 Speaker 1: He called the US attack quote aggression and unlawful action, 190 00:11:15,559 --> 00:11:19,680 Speaker 1: and said the allegations of nuclear development were baseless. He 191 00:11:19,800 --> 00:11:22,560 Speaker 1: said Iran had a right to defend itself and that 192 00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:26,280 Speaker 1: its response would be quote proportionate in terms of what 193 00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:29,120 Speaker 1: that attack could involve. We should remember Iran is a 194 00:11:29,160 --> 00:11:32,640 Speaker 1: long way from even the US East Coast, and not 195 00:11:32,720 --> 00:11:35,280 Speaker 1: many countries have missiles that have a long enough range 196 00:11:35,320 --> 00:11:37,400 Speaker 1: to travel that far. I would think it would be 197 00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:40,160 Speaker 1: more likely for Iran to attack a US military base 198 00:11:40,280 --> 00:11:43,160 Speaker 1: in the region, which, as we said, was something that 199 00:11:43,200 --> 00:11:45,400 Speaker 1: Trump was thinking about. 200 00:11:45,760 --> 00:11:49,679 Speaker 2: The other potential, therefore, Iran is a response directly against 201 00:11:49,720 --> 00:11:53,160 Speaker 2: Israel they see as part of this duo with the US. 202 00:11:53,640 --> 00:11:57,400 Speaker 2: That indeed happened in the twenty four hours after the 203 00:11:57,440 --> 00:12:01,320 Speaker 2: strikes on the three nuclear facilities. What has the position 204 00:12:01,480 --> 00:12:05,079 Speaker 2: been from the US and Israel in the days since 205 00:12:05,120 --> 00:12:05,560 Speaker 2: the strike? 206 00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:06,440 Speaker 4: Yeah. So. 207 00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:09,440 Speaker 1: At that Security Council meeting, the US said its move 208 00:12:09,559 --> 00:12:12,960 Speaker 1: was justified because of the UN Watchdog report and that 209 00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:16,200 Speaker 1: it needed to act now to quote eliminate a longstanding 210 00:12:16,280 --> 00:12:20,120 Speaker 1: but rapidly escalating source of global insecurity and to aid 211 00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:23,960 Speaker 1: our ally Israel in our inherent right of collective self defense. 212 00:12:24,960 --> 00:12:28,720 Speaker 1: Israel's representative called the attack a quote last line of defense, 213 00:12:29,160 --> 00:12:32,640 Speaker 1: saying the cost of inaction would have been catastrophic. A 214 00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:35,560 Speaker 1: nuclear Iran would have been a death sentence, just as 215 00:12:35,640 --> 00:12:37,880 Speaker 1: much for you as it would have been for us. 216 00:12:38,800 --> 00:12:41,000 Speaker 2: We'll be back with more of today's date dive right 217 00:12:41,040 --> 00:12:43,240 Speaker 2: after this. I want to talk a little bit more 218 00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:47,400 Speaker 2: about this idea about self defense and the way that 219 00:12:47,400 --> 00:12:51,079 Speaker 2: that's used in coordination with an idea of a preemptive 220 00:12:51,120 --> 00:12:54,000 Speaker 2: strike as well. There's been a number of times in 221 00:12:54,040 --> 00:12:56,640 Speaker 2: the international arena in the last couple of years that 222 00:12:56,679 --> 00:13:00,680 Speaker 2: we've seen self defense and preemptive strike language US. We 223 00:13:00,720 --> 00:13:03,280 Speaker 2: can talk about Hamas attacking Israel on the seventh of 224 00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:06,040 Speaker 2: October twenty twenty three. We can also talk about Russia 225 00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:07,559 Speaker 2: invading Ukraine. 226 00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:07,960 Speaker 4: The year before. 227 00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:13,440 Speaker 2: Where does this idea of self defense come from? Because 228 00:13:13,440 --> 00:13:15,440 Speaker 2: I know there's a body of international law. It's a 229 00:13:15,480 --> 00:13:18,800 Speaker 2: notoriously hard area to actually police, But give me a 230 00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:21,920 Speaker 2: sense of kind of the rule book that sits behind 231 00:13:21,960 --> 00:13:22,360 Speaker 2: all of this. 232 00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:25,280 Speaker 1: Yeah, the idea of the right to self defense comes 233 00:13:25,320 --> 00:13:29,520 Speaker 1: from the United Nations Charter. It's kind of its founding document. 234 00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:32,800 Speaker 1: It was signed when the organization was being formed in 235 00:13:32,840 --> 00:13:36,000 Speaker 1: the dying days of World War II. Under that charter, 236 00:13:36,160 --> 00:13:39,160 Speaker 1: which member states agree to, countries have a right to 237 00:13:39,240 --> 00:13:43,360 Speaker 1: quote individual or collective self defense if an armed attack 238 00:13:43,440 --> 00:13:46,720 Speaker 1: occurs against a member of the United Nations until the 239 00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:51,160 Speaker 1: Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace 240 00:13:51,240 --> 00:13:55,160 Speaker 1: and security. So that's what the US is talking about 241 00:13:55,200 --> 00:13:59,120 Speaker 1: in relation to collective self defense acting on behalf of 242 00:13:59,160 --> 00:14:02,480 Speaker 1: their ally is. It remains to be seen if the 243 00:14:02,600 --> 00:14:07,439 Speaker 1: UN its other members will accept the possibility of progress 244 00:14:07,520 --> 00:14:11,440 Speaker 1: towards a nuclear bomb as enough to justify an attack 245 00:14:11,480 --> 00:14:16,440 Speaker 1: of individual self defense by Israel on Iran. Iran would 246 00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:20,400 Speaker 1: argue and has argued, because Israel attacked it, it now 247 00:14:20,440 --> 00:14:22,040 Speaker 1: has a right to self defense. 248 00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:25,560 Speaker 2: So we've talked through the United Nations response to this 249 00:14:25,640 --> 00:14:30,080 Speaker 2: and the Security Council. Let's hone in though, on Australia's reaction. Yeah, 250 00:14:30,120 --> 00:14:32,840 Speaker 2: what has the reaction been from the Australian government. 251 00:14:33,080 --> 00:14:36,360 Speaker 1: We've heard that the government supports the US strikes, with 252 00:14:36,600 --> 00:14:40,320 Speaker 1: Foreign Minister Pennywong saying it supports quote action to prevent 253 00:14:40,400 --> 00:14:43,760 Speaker 1: Iran obtaining a nuclear weapon, and that is what this is. 254 00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:48,120 Speaker 1: She said, these sites are specific to Iran's nuclear program, 255 00:14:48,200 --> 00:14:50,680 Speaker 1: and we know that the UN Nuclear watchdog has said 256 00:14:50,960 --> 00:14:55,880 Speaker 1: that Iran is enriching to almost military levels. However, both 257 00:14:56,160 --> 00:15:00,520 Speaker 1: Penny Wong and Prime Minister Anthony Albanizi have been to 258 00:15:01,280 --> 00:15:06,280 Speaker 1: emphasize that these strikes were unilaterally from the US, that 259 00:15:06,360 --> 00:15:09,000 Speaker 1: this was carried out by the US without any other 260 00:15:09,080 --> 00:15:14,000 Speaker 1: country involved. The Prime Minister said Australia supported action to 261 00:15:14,040 --> 00:15:17,040 Speaker 1: prevent Iran from making a nuclear weapon, but said the 262 00:15:17,080 --> 00:15:21,520 Speaker 1: government wanted to quote diplomacy, dialogue and de escalation in 263 00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:22,200 Speaker 1: the region. 264 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:24,640 Speaker 2: And the other part of this story is that there 265 00:15:24,680 --> 00:15:28,520 Speaker 2: are Australians in the conflict zone, both in Iran and 266 00:15:28,640 --> 00:15:32,560 Speaker 2: in Israel. What's the update on planned evacuations of these 267 00:15:32,800 --> 00:15:35,400 Speaker 2: citizens and their families in both of those countries. 268 00:15:36,120 --> 00:15:39,760 Speaker 1: So Penny one confirmed yesterday morning twenty nine hundred Australians 269 00:15:39,760 --> 00:15:43,680 Speaker 1: and their families have requested help to leave Iran. In Israel, 270 00:15:43,840 --> 00:15:47,120 Speaker 1: thirteen hundred Australians have applied to leave. The government is 271 00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:50,920 Speaker 1: working on various ways of getting people out of the region. 272 00:15:51,160 --> 00:15:54,600 Speaker 2: So ultimately where we're at is still a number of 273 00:15:54,680 --> 00:15:58,600 Speaker 2: unknowns and a lot of this story to still play 274 00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:01,160 Speaker 2: out over the week ahead. Lucy, I don't think this 275 00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:03,200 Speaker 2: is the last time we're going to be chatting about 276 00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:05,760 Speaker 2: this story on the podcast this week, let alone into 277 00:16:05,800 --> 00:16:08,560 Speaker 2: the future. Thank you for breaking down what happened over 278 00:16:08,600 --> 00:16:11,600 Speaker 2: the last couple of days, and we look forward to 279 00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:15,240 Speaker 2: chatting again as this story does progress. And thank you 280 00:16:15,320 --> 00:16:17,840 Speaker 2: for joining us on the Daily Os. We'd love to know, 281 00:16:17,880 --> 00:16:20,760 Speaker 2: as Lucy mentioned in the podcast, what questions you've got 282 00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:22,800 Speaker 2: about this topic so we can be as helpful as 283 00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:25,680 Speaker 2: possible amid the uncertainty. We'll be back again with some 284 00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:34,440 Speaker 2: headlines in the afternoon. Until then, have a beautiful day. 285 00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:41,040 Speaker 2: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda 286 00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:46,080 Speaker 2: Bungelung Kalkuttin woman from Gadigol Country. The Daily os acknowledges 287 00:16:46,160 --> 00:16:48,320 Speaker 2: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the 288 00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:51,880 Speaker 2: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres 289 00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:54,840 Speaker 2: Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the 290 00:16:54,840 --> 00:16:57,640 Speaker 2: first peoples of these countries, both past and present.