WEBVTT - Your questions about the election, answered 0:00:00.040 --> 0:00:03.320 This podcast is produced in partnership with the Australian Electoral Commission. 0:00:03.360 --> 0:00:05.120 Camera already and. 0:00:05.320 --> 0:00:09.080 This is the Daily This is the Daily OS. 0:00:09.080 --> 0:00:20.200 Oh now it makes sense. Good morning and welcome to 0:00:20.200 --> 0:00:22.919 the Daily OS. It's Sunday, the twenty seventh of April. 0:00:23.000 --> 0:00:24.400 I'm belief, it's Simon's. 0:00:24.079 --> 0:00:25.479 I'm Sam because losky Sam. 0:00:25.520 --> 0:00:26.119 Can you smell that? 0:00:27.080 --> 0:00:28.360 Is that a democracy? 0:00:28.760 --> 0:00:32.879 It is the smell of democracy in action. And we 0:00:33.080 --> 0:00:36.120 are so happy, aren't we, Sam, to be here on 0:00:36.200 --> 0:00:40.599 another Sunday with another bonus episode, this time on all 0:00:40.640 --> 0:00:44.360 of the questions that you have about Australia's election process. 0:00:44.520 --> 0:00:47.320 Think of this as going right back to the basics. 0:00:47.360 --> 0:00:49.320 We are doing politics one oh one. 0:00:49.479 --> 0:00:51.360 It's a good time to tune in, isn't it. Because 0:00:51.479 --> 0:00:53.720 we are going to the polls next Saturday. 0:00:53.880 --> 0:00:56.560 It is a very good time to tune in all 0:00:56.600 --> 0:00:58.960 of Australia. Like you said, Sam will be heading to 0:00:59.040 --> 0:01:01.720 the polls on Saturday day, the third of May, when 0:01:01.760 --> 0:01:05.760 the country will decide who will next form government. Now, 0:01:05.800 --> 0:01:08.920 Sam over on Instagram, We asked our audience what they 0:01:08.959 --> 0:01:12.840 wanted to know and we were completely inundated with questions. 0:01:13.160 --> 0:01:18.199 So today we are answering all of those questions. 0:01:19.520 --> 0:01:22.840 Let's start off with the first one from Sharane. She 0:01:23.000 --> 0:01:26.360 asked what positions or roles are we actually voting for. 0:01:26.640 --> 0:01:29.120 That's the perfect one to start us off because it 0:01:29.120 --> 0:01:31.800 does take us right back to the basics and it's 0:01:31.840 --> 0:01:34.959 really important for us to understand. So in this election, 0:01:35.240 --> 0:01:38.240 we're all actually voting for a couple of things at 0:01:38.240 --> 0:01:41.319 the federal election. So you're voting for who you want 0:01:41.360 --> 0:01:44.640 to represent your local area in the House of Representatives, 0:01:45.000 --> 0:01:47.720 and you're also voting for who you want to represent 0:01:47.800 --> 0:01:51.120 your state or territory in the Senate. Now, I think 0:01:51.200 --> 0:01:54.960 for this episode we will mostly focus on the House 0:01:55.000 --> 0:01:58.720 of Representatives just because that is the house that determines 0:01:58.880 --> 0:02:01.000 which party will be in government. 0:02:01.120 --> 0:02:01.320 Cool. 0:02:01.600 --> 0:02:03.680 So it's in the House of Reps that voters will 0:02:03.720 --> 0:02:06.800 be electing someone from their area, which is also known 0:02:06.880 --> 0:02:10.280 as an electorate, and that person will speak on their 0:02:10.320 --> 0:02:13.160 behalf in Parliament. Now, Sam, do you know how many 0:02:13.240 --> 0:02:15.320 electorates there are in Australia, Well, I. 0:02:15.240 --> 0:02:17.799 Do know that you need seventy six seats to win. 0:02:18.160 --> 0:02:21.840 That is true, So therefore there would be seventy five 0:02:21.919 --> 0:02:23.560 times two, which is one hundred and fifty. 0:02:23.840 --> 0:02:27.200 That is true and a great guest because last election 0:02:27.280 --> 0:02:29.920 there were actually one hundred and fifty one electorates, but 0:02:30.120 --> 0:02:33.000 now there's been a redistribution and now, yeah, did you 0:02:33.040 --> 0:02:33.280 not know? 0:02:33.600 --> 0:02:34.120 I didn't know that. 0:02:34.520 --> 0:02:36.960 I love that you learned something new along with the audience. 0:02:36.960 --> 0:02:39.679 That's so good. So now there are one hundred and 0:02:39.760 --> 0:02:42.919 fifty electorates in Australia, and so that means that there 0:02:42.960 --> 0:02:45.600 are one hundred and fifty seats up for grabs in 0:02:45.760 --> 0:02:49.360 the House of Reps. And those electorates are based on 0:02:49.440 --> 0:02:52.600 population side, so there are roughly about one hundred and 0:02:52.639 --> 0:02:55.480 twenty thousand voters who live in each electorate. 0:02:55.760 --> 0:02:57.840 And then I imagine that would mean that there's many 0:02:57.880 --> 0:03:01.720 electorates in a metropolitan city, but then an electorate might 0:03:01.760 --> 0:03:05.040 be really massive in the outback or exactly in some 0:03:05.080 --> 0:03:06.080 of the more regional areas. 0:03:06.280 --> 0:03:11.000 Yeah, definitely. And each electorate will have several different candidates, 0:03:11.520 --> 0:03:14.840 usually one from each major party, so from the Labor 0:03:14.880 --> 0:03:18.000 Party and the Liberal Party, and then some from minor 0:03:18.040 --> 0:03:22.400 parties and others will also have independence running in that electorate, 0:03:22.560 --> 0:03:26.280 which means that they just don't belong to a registered party. 0:03:26.480 --> 0:03:28.680 So it's kind of like, there's one hundred and fifty 0:03:28.960 --> 0:03:32.600 different races happening all at once, and the party or 0:03:32.680 --> 0:03:36.720 the coalition of parties that wins the seventy six number 0:03:37.000 --> 0:03:39.960 across the races is going to be the next government exactly. 0:03:40.320 --> 0:03:43.160 So there literally are one hundred and fifty different races 0:03:43.320 --> 0:03:46.720 happening at once. Plus there's also the eight Senate races. 0:03:46.760 --> 0:03:47.880 I know, we said that we were just going to 0:03:47.920 --> 0:03:49.520 focus on the House of Reps, but you can't forget 0:03:49.560 --> 0:03:52.920 about the Senate, so there are also eight Senate races. 0:03:53.120 --> 0:03:55.200 But yeah, I think that's important thing to point out 0:03:55.240 --> 0:03:57.680 because often you just focus on kind of the one 0:03:57.800 --> 0:04:02.240 big federal election race, but in reality, there are so 0:04:02.440 --> 0:04:05.560 many different races all happening at once, which determines that 0:04:05.680 --> 0:04:07.280 one overall big. 0:04:07.160 --> 0:04:10.480 Race, which makes Saturday night, when everyone's counting one hundred 0:04:10.480 --> 0:04:12.520 and fifty races at once or trying to figure out 0:04:12.520 --> 0:04:15.119 what the numbers mean and where and why, it makes 0:04:15.160 --> 0:04:17.479 it such a chaotic, bit exciting night. 0:04:17.400 --> 0:04:21.159 All the more exciting. Yeah, and it's because of this, 0:04:21.320 --> 0:04:23.880 of what's happening in all the different electorates that you 0:04:23.920 --> 0:04:28.000 won't actually see either Labor leader Anthony Albanesi or Liberal 0:04:28.040 --> 0:04:31.839 Party leader Peter Dunden on your ballot paper unless you 0:04:31.960 --> 0:04:35.680 are in their actual electorate. And it's also why when 0:04:35.760 --> 0:04:38.440 you know you're walking around your area and you see 0:04:38.520 --> 0:04:41.560 lots of posters up for the election, you're probably not 0:04:41.680 --> 0:04:45.320 seeing Albanesi or Dudden's faces. You're seeing the faces and 0:04:45.400 --> 0:04:48.520 names of the local candidates in your electorate, which. 0:04:48.279 --> 0:04:50.200 Is one of the big differences we have with the 0:04:50.240 --> 0:04:53.440 American presidential system. Yeah, where it's all about kind of 0:04:53.480 --> 0:04:55.640 the two leaders. We've got that one hundred and fifty 0:04:55.760 --> 0:04:59.159 race system. And when you said the House of Representatives 0:04:59.200 --> 0:05:01.680 is where the government's formed, tell me a little bit 0:05:01.720 --> 0:05:03.839 more about how that actually works, Like how do you 0:05:03.920 --> 0:05:04.679 form a government? 0:05:04.880 --> 0:05:07.400 Well, you kind of just answer that by saying that 0:05:07.440 --> 0:05:10.120 they need to have at least seventy six seats. So 0:05:10.160 --> 0:05:12.920 to just take a quick step back, so to form government, 0:05:12.960 --> 0:05:15.680 a party needs to have at least seventy six of 0:05:15.720 --> 0:05:19.719 their party members winning their electorate. You kind of already 0:05:19.720 --> 0:05:21.720 did the mass for us, sam be I'll do it again. 0:05:21.760 --> 0:05:24.520 So seventy six is the magic number because it is 0:05:24.560 --> 0:05:27.200 a majority of the one hundred and fifty seats up. 0:05:27.040 --> 0:05:30.400 For grabs, And I literally picture a pigraph of the 0:05:30.440 --> 0:05:32.240 House of Reps in my head, and see that kind 0:05:32.240 --> 0:05:34.840 of middle point. And if you can sneak over a 0:05:34.880 --> 0:05:37.520 little bit into the other side, you're forming government. 0:05:37.680 --> 0:05:41.000 You're in government. And it's the Labor Party and the Coalition, 0:05:41.080 --> 0:05:43.520 which is made up of the Liberal and National Parties, 0:05:43.839 --> 0:05:46.960 who are usually the two groups who are able to 0:05:47.080 --> 0:05:50.599 form that majority. So they're trying to reach that number 0:05:50.640 --> 0:05:53.560 of seventy six seats at the election next Saturday. 0:05:53.800 --> 0:05:57.200 And that might happen on Saturday night if they've got 0:05:57.240 --> 0:05:59.440 heaps of seats, but it might take a little bit longer, 0:05:59.800 --> 0:06:02.960 and they might have to kind of figure out deals 0:06:03.400 --> 0:06:06.960 with smaller parties and independence to form a minority government. Right. 0:06:07.240 --> 0:06:10.559 Yes, And that is another question that we got a lot, 0:06:10.760 --> 0:06:13.279 which is what exactly is a minority government. 0:06:13.560 --> 0:06:16.360 I hear that term thrown around a lot every couple 0:06:16.360 --> 0:06:18.679 of elections. I feel like it's kind of an almost 0:06:18.760 --> 0:06:22.000 predicted result every so often. Can you explain exactly what 0:06:22.040 --> 0:06:22.479 that means? 0:06:22.600 --> 0:06:25.599 Yeah, So if no one reaches that magic number of 0:06:25.680 --> 0:06:29.200 seventy six seats, then that's when our attention turns to 0:06:29.560 --> 0:06:33.640 a minority government, which is also known as a hung parliament. 0:06:34.080 --> 0:06:36.839 And it means that the major parties will need to 0:06:36.960 --> 0:06:42.440 negotiate with minor parties or independents to form government. Now, 0:06:42.640 --> 0:06:46.760 this doesn't mean that those parties formally join forces or 0:06:46.760 --> 0:06:51.200 that the minor parties and independence become part of the government. Rather, 0:06:51.400 --> 0:06:55.000 they kind of just agree to guarantee something called confidence 0:06:55.080 --> 0:06:55.600 and supply. 0:06:55.839 --> 0:06:56.880 Explain what that means. 0:06:56.960 --> 0:06:59.440 Yeah, So that means that they agree to keep the 0:06:59.440 --> 0:07:02.800 government in power and to vote to pass the budget 0:07:02.880 --> 0:07:05.440 so that money can be allocated to keep the country 0:07:05.640 --> 0:07:10.000 essentially running. And in exchange for that support, minor parties 0:07:10.000 --> 0:07:14.160 and independents will likely impose some sort of conditions which 0:07:14.200 --> 0:07:18.320 could look like support for particular policies that are important 0:07:18.360 --> 0:07:18.680 to them. 0:07:19.040 --> 0:07:21.600 I remember it would have to be maybe fifteen years 0:07:21.640 --> 0:07:24.120 ago or so. Now we went through one of these 0:07:24.120 --> 0:07:26.600 scenarios and it was down to a group of three 0:07:26.720 --> 0:07:29.720 independents to pick who they were going to back for 0:07:29.800 --> 0:07:31.480 that confidence and supply. 0:07:31.400 --> 0:07:34.280 You're talking about when Julia Gillard was Prime Minister exactly. 0:07:34.400 --> 0:07:36.440 Yeah, and I remember it almost feeling like a little 0:07:36.440 --> 0:07:39.600 bit of an Australian Idol style press conference when they 0:07:39.600 --> 0:07:42.000 were announcing who they were going to back, and it 0:07:42.040 --> 0:07:43.920 was incredible that we have this big system with all 0:07:44.000 --> 0:07:46.400 of these races all over the country, and because of 0:07:46.400 --> 0:07:48.840 the dynamics of that election, it all came down to 0:07:48.880 --> 0:07:50.840 who those independents were going to back. 0:07:51.200 --> 0:07:54.120 I'm picturing like ten year old Sam or twelve year 0:07:54.120 --> 0:07:58.680 old Sam when that was going on TV. So excited. 0:07:59.080 --> 0:08:00.520 But it can be really confusing. 0:08:00.840 --> 0:08:02.760 It can be confusing, and so I want to just 0:08:02.800 --> 0:08:05.320 give you an example, and I'm going to use made 0:08:05.400 --> 0:08:08.080 up parties and policies here to just explain how a 0:08:08.160 --> 0:08:12.200 minority government works. So, Sam, let's say the Orange Party 0:08:12.280 --> 0:08:15.600 is a major party and they after the election has 0:08:15.640 --> 0:08:18.480 been held, only have seventy four seats. 0:08:18.560 --> 0:08:21.160 So on my pigraph, in my head, they're not over 0:08:21.160 --> 0:08:21.840 the halfway line. 0:08:21.840 --> 0:08:24.800 They're not over the halfway line, and so they need 0:08:24.920 --> 0:08:27.960 two more seats to form government and to get over 0:08:28.000 --> 0:08:31.120 that halfway line. And then let's say that we have 0:08:31.280 --> 0:08:34.600 the Pink Party, which is a minority party, and they 0:08:34.640 --> 0:08:38.120 have won two seats. So if the Orange Party and 0:08:38.240 --> 0:08:41.040 the Pink Party came together, then that would mean that 0:08:41.080 --> 0:08:44.840 they have seventy six seats and that's enough to form government. 0:08:44.920 --> 0:08:47.840 So Sam, in your paragraph, that's about fifty one percent 0:08:48.000 --> 0:08:50.520 or maybe a little bit over if my mass is correct, 0:08:51.120 --> 0:08:53.880 and that could mean that they could then form government, 0:08:54.320 --> 0:08:56.880 but in exchange for it support the Pink Party, which 0:08:56.880 --> 0:09:00.280 is the minor party. They might say, I can a 0:09:00.280 --> 0:09:03.560 lot about every person getting a free puppy, and I'll 0:09:03.600 --> 0:09:06.840 only support you if you make that law. And so 0:09:06.960 --> 0:09:09.520 then it's up to the Orange Party, the major party, 0:09:09.880 --> 0:09:12.760 to decide whether or not they're actually willing to make 0:09:12.800 --> 0:09:17.000 that compromise, since giving everyone free puppies wasn't actually part 0:09:17.160 --> 0:09:20.000 of what they wanted to do when they were campaigning 0:09:20.120 --> 0:09:21.160 to be in government. 0:09:21.440 --> 0:09:24.480 It's such an interesting way that power can kind of 0:09:24.520 --> 0:09:27.080 evolve in those situations. I mean, it's a quirk of 0:09:27.120 --> 0:09:27.600 the system. 0:09:27.720 --> 0:09:30.600 Yeah. And so basically, if you're kind of listening to 0:09:30.600 --> 0:09:32.600 this and a little bit lost, all you need to 0:09:32.600 --> 0:09:35.240 know is that when it comes to the House of Representatives, 0:09:35.240 --> 0:09:38.960 which is where government is formed, minor parties and independents 0:09:39.040 --> 0:09:42.480 are most important. When there is a minority government. 0:09:42.880 --> 0:09:45.880 Can you imagine a country where everyone had a free puppy. 0:09:46.120 --> 0:09:48.040 That's why I use that example because I think it 0:09:48.080 --> 0:09:49.599 would be a happier country. 0:09:49.640 --> 0:09:52.360 I would try and figure out how to be selling 0:09:52.559 --> 0:09:59.360 like leashes or you've got that's incredible. Let's let's stick 0:09:59.400 --> 0:10:02.280 to a more real, listic scenario. Though. The next question 0:10:02.360 --> 0:10:05.080 came through. It's a really interesting one. Tell me about 0:10:05.120 --> 0:10:06.320 a marginal seat. 0:10:06.880 --> 0:10:10.920 Okay, so a marginal seat is basically an electorate where 0:10:11.080 --> 0:10:14.920 it's not clear who's going to win because it appears 0:10:14.960 --> 0:10:16.959 to be a really close race. 0:10:17.240 --> 0:10:19.079 But it's worth noting that we don't actually know who's 0:10:19.080 --> 0:10:21.280 going to win in any seat though, right. 0:10:21.160 --> 0:10:24.319 No, that's true, But the AEC has a formal definition 0:10:24.559 --> 0:10:27.920 of a marginal seat, so they define it as one 0:10:28.040 --> 0:10:30.720 where the winner last time, So at the last election 0:10:30.880 --> 0:10:34.720 in twenty twenty two received less than fifty six percent 0:10:34.960 --> 0:10:38.880 of the final vote. Now, last election, they were actually 0:10:38.920 --> 0:10:41.240 about a third of the seat, so a third of 0:10:41.280 --> 0:10:43.960 the one hundred and fifty one remember last time, it 0:10:44.000 --> 0:10:46.080 was different. A third of the one hundred and fifty 0:10:46.080 --> 0:10:49.760 one seats that fit that description of being a marginal seat. 0:10:49.800 --> 0:10:52.360 So that's quite a few. So that tells us that 0:10:52.400 --> 0:10:56.880 there were lots of really tight races at the last election. Now, 0:10:56.960 --> 0:11:00.640 anything above that fifty six percent vote is considered a 0:11:00.720 --> 0:11:02.720 safe seat. So those are the ones where we can 0:11:02.760 --> 0:11:06.840 pretty confidently say who will win that race, got it. 0:11:06.880 --> 0:11:09.240 But it's the marginal seats that tend to get a 0:11:09.280 --> 0:11:12.880 lot of the attention because they are ultimately the ones 0:11:12.920 --> 0:11:15.240 that will determine who wins government. 0:11:15.920 --> 0:11:17.840 Okay, that's really interesting and it kind of gives you 0:11:18.160 --> 0:11:20.560 a little bit of guidance. If you're sitting on the 0:11:20.559 --> 0:11:23.800 couch next Saturday night watching the election, what you should 0:11:23.840 --> 0:11:26.959 be focused on is how some of those marginal seats 0:11:26.960 --> 0:11:29.440 are going to fall. Definitely, Billy, we've got time for 0:11:29.520 --> 0:11:33.240 one more question. What if the leader of the winning 0:11:33.360 --> 0:11:39.520 party doesn't win their seat, So Anthony Aberenezi or Peter Dutton, 0:11:39.679 --> 0:11:43.080 whoever wins, they're one of the one hundred and fifty races. 0:11:43.640 --> 0:11:46.480 If they don't win their seat locally, what happens then? 0:11:46.800 --> 0:11:50.480 So in theory, that could happen because, like you just said, Sam, 0:11:50.559 --> 0:11:53.079 the leaders of the parties they don't just need to 0:11:53.120 --> 0:11:55.720 win the election, they also need to win the race 0:11:55.800 --> 0:11:58.800 in their electorate. Now, I do think it's worth mentioning 0:11:58.840 --> 0:12:01.199 that this is rare that it would happened, but it 0:12:01.360 --> 0:12:05.120 can happen. So the most recent example which I only 0:12:05.160 --> 0:12:08.400 learned about this whilst researching for this podcast, and I 0:12:08.400 --> 0:12:10.959 couldn't believe. I didn't know it was so interesting. You're 0:12:11.000 --> 0:12:12.040 a political not so you're. 0:12:11.920 --> 0:12:15.160 Absolutely eleven year old Sam soaked this up. 0:12:15.840 --> 0:12:18.840 Okay, So for those who don't know, the most recent 0:12:18.960 --> 0:12:22.000 example of something slightly similar happening is in two thousand 0:12:22.040 --> 0:12:26.079 and seven when John Howard, who was the incumbent Prime 0:12:26.080 --> 0:12:28.480 Minister at the time, and he was also the leader 0:12:28.520 --> 0:12:32.400 of the Liberal Party, he lost his electorate during the 0:12:32.440 --> 0:12:35.600 two thousand and seven election. He lost it to Kevin 0:12:35.720 --> 0:12:38.160 Right at Kevin O seven. How could we forget? But 0:12:38.640 --> 0:12:40.760 the difference with the question that you asked is that 0:12:40.840 --> 0:12:44.240 he didn't just lose his seat. His party, the Liberal Party, 0:12:44.640 --> 0:12:46.440 also lost the entire election. 0:12:46.760 --> 0:12:48.520 Do you know who he lost his seat to. 0:12:49.559 --> 0:12:51.760 I think it's a female journalist. 0:12:51.280 --> 0:12:54.960 Maxine McHugh, a former ABC journalist. 0:12:55.200 --> 0:12:57.200 Interesting who's no longer in politics. 0:12:57.240 --> 0:13:00.160 No longer in politics, But for an eleven year old 0:13:00.280 --> 0:13:02.360 Sam aspiring journalist, that was pretty cool. 0:13:02.520 --> 0:13:04.400 Eleven year old Sam is getting so much air time. 0:13:04.400 --> 0:13:06.320 He would be so proud, he would be so proud. 0:13:06.600 --> 0:13:09.080 But just quickly to answer your actual question of what 0:13:09.160 --> 0:13:11.880 would happen if a leader of a party lost their 0:13:11.920 --> 0:13:16.640 seat but the party won the entire election. If that happened, 0:13:17.080 --> 0:13:20.400 then the party would simply need to decide who the 0:13:20.440 --> 0:13:22.280 new leader of their party would be. 0:13:22.800 --> 0:13:25.920 Right, So it's unlikely, but there is a process of 0:13:26.000 --> 0:13:28.160 what could happen should that be the case. And it 0:13:28.200 --> 0:13:32.320 does just remind us all that we operate in this party. 0:13:31.960 --> 0:13:34.040 Structure and it is That's what I was going to say. 0:13:33.880 --> 0:13:35.280 It's less about the prime minister. 0:13:35.440 --> 0:13:37.480 It is much less about the prime minister because in 0:13:37.480 --> 0:13:41.280 Australia we are voting for which party we want to govern, 0:13:41.760 --> 0:13:44.840 not which leader we want to be our prime minister. 0:13:45.080 --> 0:13:46.640 I feel like we were all taught that in school, 0:13:46.640 --> 0:13:49.880 but it's always worth reminding ourselves that that's how our 0:13:49.920 --> 0:13:51.160 system actually works. 0:13:51.360 --> 0:13:54.000 Yeah, and you mentioned the differences with the US before. 0:13:54.120 --> 0:13:57.800 That's again the key difference. We are voting for the party, 0:13:57.840 --> 0:13:59.480 We're not voting for the leader. 0:14:00.000 --> 0:14:02.640 It's really important to get familiar with the mechanics of 0:14:02.679 --> 0:14:05.280 the election and I think it's a point of pride 0:14:05.280 --> 0:14:09.480 always for me when we dive into how our democracy works, 0:14:10.360 --> 0:14:13.839 all the different tools available to politicians to get over 0:14:13.880 --> 0:14:16.920 the line get that magic seventy six seat number. Billy, 0:14:17.040 --> 0:14:19.080 thank you so much for taking us through that, Thank 0:14:19.120 --> 0:14:21.760 you so much, and we'll be back in your ears 0:14:21.800 --> 0:14:26.320 tomorrow morning for the final countdown towards the federal election. 0:14:26.440 --> 0:14:29.960 It's only six days away now. That is super exciting, 0:14:30.200 --> 0:14:32.400 a huge week for news, a huge week for the 0:14:32.440 --> 0:14:34.800 Daily os. We can't wait to be there with you. 0:14:34.840 --> 0:14:41.280 See then, my name is Lily Maddon and I'm a 0:14:41.280 --> 0:14:46.080 proud Arunda Bunjelung Kalkotin woman from Gadigl Country. The Daily 0:14:46.120 --> 0:14:49.160 oz acknowledges that this podcast is recorded on the lands 0:14:49.160 --> 0:14:52.400 of the Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal 0:14:52.480 --> 0:14:55.400 and Torres Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects 0:14:55.560 --> 0:14:58.600 to the first peoples of these countries, both past and present.