1 00:00:01,280 --> 00:00:03,600 Speaker 1: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda 2 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:08,600 Speaker 1: Bunjelung Calcottin woman from Gadighl Country. The Daily oz acknowledges 3 00:00:08,680 --> 00:00:10,880 Speaker 1: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the 4 00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,440 Speaker 1: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and Torres 5 00:00:14,440 --> 00:00:17,360 Speaker 1: Strait Island and nations. We pay our respects to the 6 00:00:17,400 --> 00:00:20,160 Speaker 1: first peoples of these countries, both past and present. 7 00:00:25,520 --> 00:00:28,840 Speaker 2: Good morning and welcome to the Daily os. It's somehow Monday, 8 00:00:28,880 --> 00:00:30,000 Speaker 2: the second of October. 9 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:33,680 Speaker 3: I'm Zara, I'm sam. We begin with breaking news now 10 00:00:33,680 --> 00:00:37,640 Speaker 3: at six with major developments from Hollywood overnight. 11 00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:41,080 Speaker 4: The Writer's strike reaching its final act. The Writer's Guild 12 00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:43,879 Speaker 4: of America says it has indeed reached a deal. 13 00:00:43,880 --> 00:00:46,520 Speaker 3: After one hundred and forty eight days of strike action. 14 00:00:46,760 --> 00:00:50,000 Speaker 3: The Writer's Guild of America has reached a deal with 15 00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:53,600 Speaker 3: Hollywood Studios and that means their strike is officially over. 16 00:00:54,560 --> 00:00:57,080 Speaker 3: So what have they agreed to and does this mean 17 00:00:57,200 --> 00:01:00,360 Speaker 3: film and TV production is back on track or will 18 00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:04,280 Speaker 3: the actor strike still slow things down? TDA factchecker and 19 00:01:04,480 --> 00:01:07,959 Speaker 3: resident Film of Fishinado, Lucy Tassel, will join me to 20 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:11,000 Speaker 3: discuss it in today's deep dive, but first the headlines. 21 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:16,200 Speaker 3: US President Joe Biden has signed a short term funding bill, 22 00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:20,360 Speaker 3: avoiding a full shutdown of the US government. The bill 23 00:01:20,440 --> 00:01:23,760 Speaker 3: was passed by Congress only hours before the deadline. The 24 00:01:23,840 --> 00:01:26,759 Speaker 3: government now has enough funding to last until the seventeenth 25 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:29,920 Speaker 3: of November and does not allow the government to implement 26 00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:34,560 Speaker 3: the planned increased funding for Ukraine's war against Russia. 27 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:38,840 Speaker 2: The Royal Commission into Violence, Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation of 28 00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:43,800 Speaker 2: People with Disability has handed down its final report that 29 00:01:43,920 --> 00:01:46,480 Speaker 2: was made available to the public on Friday, so we 30 00:01:46,560 --> 00:01:50,240 Speaker 2: now know its contents. Among thirteen volumes of four and 31 00:01:50,240 --> 00:01:53,080 Speaker 2: a half years of findings, the Commission reported people with 32 00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:56,600 Speaker 2: disability are subject to higher rate to violence, neglect and 33 00:01:56,720 --> 00:02:01,360 Speaker 2: abuse than Australians without disability. The Commission also made two 34 00:02:01,480 --> 00:02:06,200 Speaker 2: hundred and twenty two recommendations, including reform across areas like education, 35 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:08,040 Speaker 2: employment and housing. 36 00:02:09,320 --> 00:02:12,520 Speaker 3: A massive weekend of sports last night, the Penrith Panthers 37 00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:15,720 Speaker 3: won the NRL Men's Grand Final, beating the Brisbane Broncos 38 00:02:15,800 --> 00:02:18,639 Speaker 3: in a thrilling game at Sydney's Acre Stadium. It was 39 00:02:18,680 --> 00:02:21,880 Speaker 3: the greatest comeback in NRL Grand Final history after the 40 00:02:21,919 --> 00:02:25,560 Speaker 3: Panthers overcame a sixteen point deficit to win twenty six 41 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:29,400 Speaker 3: twenty four. It was their third premiership in a row. 42 00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:32,280 Speaker 3: Earlier in the day, the Newcastle Knights beat the Gold 43 00:02:32,280 --> 00:02:35,160 Speaker 3: Coast Titans in the NRLW Grand Final. 44 00:02:36,440 --> 00:02:39,640 Speaker 2: And I'm being told this is good news. A new 45 00:02:39,720 --> 00:02:43,560 Speaker 2: electric blue spider has been discovered in Thailand. It's considered 46 00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:46,239 Speaker 2: especially significant as the color blue is one of the 47 00:02:46,360 --> 00:02:49,480 Speaker 2: rarest colors found in nature. The team who found the 48 00:02:49,520 --> 00:02:51,600 Speaker 2: spider will now auction off the right to name the 49 00:02:51,639 --> 00:02:54,440 Speaker 2: species to raise money for charity. Well there you. 50 00:02:54,440 --> 00:02:59,280 Speaker 3: Go, Lucy, welcome back to the podcast. 51 00:02:59,480 --> 00:03:00,720 Speaker 4: It's so good to be here. 52 00:03:00,840 --> 00:03:04,160 Speaker 3: So you've kind of become tda's Hollywood correspondent, not so 53 00:03:04,280 --> 00:03:06,320 Speaker 3: much of the actual going to Hollywood bit, but the 54 00:03:06,360 --> 00:03:09,040 Speaker 3: inn house Hollywood correspondent over the last few months. And 55 00:03:09,280 --> 00:03:11,720 Speaker 3: you've kept us up to date on developments with the 56 00:03:11,760 --> 00:03:15,919 Speaker 3: Writers and Actors' strike. What news you bringing us today. 57 00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:20,560 Speaker 4: Well, huge news. The Writers Guild has ended its strike, 58 00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:24,560 Speaker 4: so the WGA, the Writers' Union, has reached an agreement 59 00:03:24,680 --> 00:03:28,359 Speaker 4: with the big Hollywood studios. So all of those eleven 60 00:03:28,400 --> 00:03:31,239 Speaker 4: thousand writers who are covered by the union went back 61 00:03:31,280 --> 00:03:33,600 Speaker 4: to work, or at least could go back to work 62 00:03:33,919 --> 00:03:35,640 Speaker 4: starting from last Wednesday. 63 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:38,360 Speaker 3: And I guess the way that materializes for us is 64 00:03:38,560 --> 00:03:41,560 Speaker 3: more stuff on our televisions and our movie screens. We'll 65 00:03:41,600 --> 00:03:43,840 Speaker 3: get there in a sec. But first, how did we 66 00:03:43,880 --> 00:03:44,800 Speaker 3: get to this point? 67 00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:48,680 Speaker 4: Well, let's recap. There's two bodies you need to understand. 68 00:03:48,800 --> 00:03:51,480 Speaker 4: So we've got the WGA, which is the union that 69 00:03:51,560 --> 00:03:55,760 Speaker 4: represents writers for TV and movies. So that's everything from 70 00:03:55,840 --> 00:04:01,360 Speaker 4: Barbie to the Drew Barrymore Show, so that include talk shows, 71 00:04:01,400 --> 00:04:06,440 Speaker 4: that include scripted television like dramas like Outer Banks. So 72 00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:10,480 Speaker 4: the WGA represents all of those people. Then there's the AMPTP, 73 00:04:11,080 --> 00:04:14,280 Speaker 4: which is the group representing the studios that actually fund 74 00:04:14,400 --> 00:04:17,080 Speaker 4: and produce these shows and movies, so the Alliance of 75 00:04:17,160 --> 00:04:23,120 Speaker 4: Motion Picture and Television Producers. So they represent groups like Amazon, 76 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:30,320 Speaker 4: like Apple, NBC, Disney, Netflix, Paramount, all the big players 77 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:34,920 Speaker 4: exactly the names on TV channels. That's who the AMPTP represents, 78 00:04:35,200 --> 00:04:40,880 Speaker 4: and that's who the WGA negotiates their multi year contracts with. Basically, 79 00:04:41,040 --> 00:04:43,800 Speaker 4: if there's a contract, then writers from that union can 80 00:04:43,839 --> 00:04:47,640 Speaker 4: write shows that the AMPTP puts on air. Got it 81 00:04:47,760 --> 00:04:52,040 Speaker 4: so earlier this year May the second, the WGA actually 82 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:56,600 Speaker 4: voted to strike because their contract that was up earlier 83 00:04:56,640 --> 00:04:59,560 Speaker 4: this year had lapsed and they weren't able to come 84 00:04:59,640 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 4: to a new agreement. And there were a couple of 85 00:05:02,520 --> 00:05:07,039 Speaker 4: different reasons for that. I mean, it's not an overstatement 86 00:05:07,080 --> 00:05:09,800 Speaker 4: to say that the landscape of film and TV has 87 00:05:09,920 --> 00:05:16,120 Speaker 4: changed so incredibly dramatically, has been completely upended by streaming. 88 00:05:16,880 --> 00:05:20,480 Speaker 4: It looks completely different to how it did twenty years ago, 89 00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:23,719 Speaker 4: with the rise of things like streaming services, with AI, 90 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:28,200 Speaker 4: with the pandemic, a lot of things have changed very dramatically. 91 00:05:28,240 --> 00:05:30,320 Speaker 3: And you and I did a podcast episode where we 92 00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:32,800 Speaker 3: kind of went a bit deeper into those issues. I'll 93 00:05:32,800 --> 00:05:35,279 Speaker 3: put a link to the episode we did on the actors' 94 00:05:35,279 --> 00:05:37,920 Speaker 3: strike in the show notes. But today we're talking about 95 00:05:37,920 --> 00:05:40,640 Speaker 3: the end of the writer's strike. So you say they've 96 00:05:40,680 --> 00:05:42,960 Speaker 3: now reached an agreement. What have they agreed to. 97 00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:45,440 Speaker 4: Well, one of the main things that the writers were 98 00:05:45,480 --> 00:05:49,200 Speaker 4: asking for was better pay. So one of the ways 99 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:52,560 Speaker 4: that writers make money is through residual payments, which are 100 00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:57,200 Speaker 4: ongoing payments given to the cast and crew of particularly 101 00:05:57,200 --> 00:06:00,920 Speaker 4: TV shows, whenever they're rerun or released on d That 102 00:06:00,960 --> 00:06:04,760 Speaker 4: was all changed by streaming. So one of the things 103 00:06:04,760 --> 00:06:08,680 Speaker 4: that has changed is that pay overall is better. So 104 00:06:08,839 --> 00:06:11,800 Speaker 4: writers are going to get annual minimum pay increases of 105 00:06:11,880 --> 00:06:14,680 Speaker 4: five percent, four percent, and three and a half percent 106 00:06:14,839 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 4: over the course of their new contract with the studios. 107 00:06:18,839 --> 00:06:22,080 Speaker 4: So the expiration of the previous contract obviously started the strike. 108 00:06:22,200 --> 00:06:25,120 Speaker 4: The next one expires in twenty twenty six. Until then 109 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:30,200 Speaker 4: they're getting yearly pay rises. Another huge change which based 110 00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:31,760 Speaker 4: on what I saw online, this was one of the 111 00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:34,080 Speaker 4: biggest developments for writers. This was the sort of thing 112 00:06:34,080 --> 00:06:36,040 Speaker 4: that people were saying. They said it couldn't be done. 113 00:06:36,320 --> 00:06:39,919 Speaker 4: And that is a minimum number of writers employed in writers' 114 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:44,480 Speaker 4: rooms who are guaranteed a set term of employment. So 115 00:06:44,720 --> 00:06:47,400 Speaker 4: for people like you and me, we go to work 116 00:06:47,680 --> 00:06:51,120 Speaker 4: every week knowing that our job continues, even though we 117 00:06:51,160 --> 00:06:53,920 Speaker 4: work at a startup. There's still an element of job 118 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:58,320 Speaker 4: security that a Hollywood writer does not have. If your 119 00:06:58,320 --> 00:07:01,800 Speaker 4: show gets canceled, that might mean that ten weeks of 120 00:07:01,800 --> 00:07:03,719 Speaker 4: work that you were banking on for the next year 121 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:05,120 Speaker 4: are no longer there. 122 00:07:05,240 --> 00:07:07,640 Speaker 3: Well, the number of shows that have a pilot episode 123 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:09,120 Speaker 3: and then are stopped after that. 124 00:07:09,360 --> 00:07:12,280 Speaker 4: Mascically, yeah, so you have you know, three weeks writing 125 00:07:12,280 --> 00:07:15,320 Speaker 4: for the pilot and then after that, good luck. Maybe 126 00:07:15,320 --> 00:07:17,640 Speaker 4: you won't here for six months. So to have ten 127 00:07:17,760 --> 00:07:21,480 Speaker 4: weeks guaranteed employment is huge. That's going to be a massive, 128 00:07:22,200 --> 00:07:25,480 Speaker 4: a massive lifestyle change for a lot of people, I think, 129 00:07:25,480 --> 00:07:26,240 Speaker 4: probably for the better. 130 00:07:26,280 --> 00:07:28,680 Speaker 3: Do you think that will mean that studios are taking 131 00:07:28,800 --> 00:07:31,320 Speaker 3: less risks if they have to lock in ten weeks employment, 132 00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:32,920 Speaker 3: That's entirely possible. 133 00:07:33,120 --> 00:07:35,760 Speaker 4: That is always the flip side of the coin is 134 00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:40,560 Speaker 4: that with these gains for writers, you might get different 135 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:42,280 Speaker 4: business decisions being made. 136 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:42,960 Speaker 3: Interesting. 137 00:07:43,240 --> 00:07:47,040 Speaker 4: I think the argument that writers would have for taking 138 00:07:47,040 --> 00:07:51,240 Speaker 4: these potential risks, certainly in negotiating with studios, is that 139 00:07:51,720 --> 00:07:55,040 Speaker 4: studios have already made financial risks by going all in 140 00:07:55,120 --> 00:07:58,600 Speaker 4: on streaming. So things have already changed. 141 00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:02,200 Speaker 3: And part of what has really changed is the AI space. 142 00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:03,880 Speaker 3: And you and I spoke about that a lot a 143 00:08:03,880 --> 00:08:07,640 Speaker 3: couple of weeks ago. What sort of agreements around AI 144 00:08:07,800 --> 00:08:08,480 Speaker 3: have been reached? 145 00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:14,200 Speaker 4: This is another huge agreement. So back in May, writers 146 00:08:14,320 --> 00:08:17,480 Speaker 4: were asking for One of their original demands for their 147 00:08:17,520 --> 00:08:21,480 Speaker 4: new contract was regulating the use of AI on projects 148 00:08:21,520 --> 00:08:25,600 Speaker 4: covered by their contract. So they specifically said AI can't 149 00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:29,000 Speaker 4: write or rewrite material, can't be used as source material, 150 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:32,520 Speaker 4: and our material can't be used to train AI. So 151 00:08:32,600 --> 00:08:36,280 Speaker 4: that was the writer's pitch, and the amptp's response was 152 00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:40,280 Speaker 4: that they wanted to have annual meetings to discuss advancements 153 00:08:40,280 --> 00:08:43,680 Speaker 4: in technology. So that's where negotiation kind of broke down. 154 00:08:44,240 --> 00:08:49,080 Speaker 4: What has changed is that the AMPTP has agreed artificial 155 00:08:49,160 --> 00:08:52,760 Speaker 4: intelligence can't be used to produce or edit written material. 156 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:57,520 Speaker 4: Writers can choose to use AI, but studios can't force 157 00:08:57,559 --> 00:09:00,920 Speaker 4: them to do so, got it. Okay, a huge step. 158 00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:03,000 Speaker 4: That's one of the things that's come out of these 159 00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:05,679 Speaker 4: many months of strikes and negotiations. 160 00:09:06,080 --> 00:09:10,079 Speaker 3: So another big factor in these negotiations was residuals. I 161 00:09:10,120 --> 00:09:12,040 Speaker 3: feel like we've explained this a couple of times, but 162 00:09:12,080 --> 00:09:15,000 Speaker 3: in case we've forgotten, that's the money writers would make 163 00:09:15,040 --> 00:09:18,319 Speaker 3: from series like Friends or Seinfeld when they get rerun 164 00:09:18,360 --> 00:09:20,840 Speaker 3: on networks, and they kind of can make that in 165 00:09:20,920 --> 00:09:23,760 Speaker 3: perpetuity forever, exactly right, what's the update here? 166 00:09:23,920 --> 00:09:27,560 Speaker 4: So streaming residuals were a very different beast. That's one 167 00:09:27,559 --> 00:09:30,040 Speaker 4: of the reasons that writers wanted to negotiate for a 168 00:09:30,080 --> 00:09:34,400 Speaker 4: new contract, so to compensate for the fact that residuals 169 00:09:34,440 --> 00:09:37,600 Speaker 4: don't act in the same way on streaming. This new 170 00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:41,680 Speaker 4: agreement introduces viewership based residuals to award bonuses to the 171 00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:46,240 Speaker 4: writers behind content that performs well with US subscribers. So 172 00:09:46,440 --> 00:09:49,760 Speaker 4: writers involved in projects that reach a certain viewership threshold 173 00:09:49,800 --> 00:09:53,280 Speaker 4: in their first three months of release, we'll get extra money. 174 00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:56,000 Speaker 4: If you remember, when we first talked about residuals on 175 00:09:56,040 --> 00:09:58,600 Speaker 4: the pod, we heard about cast and crew of Oranges 176 00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:02,360 Speaker 4: the New Black getting tiny checks in the mail despite 177 00:10:02,400 --> 00:10:05,880 Speaker 4: that show having been huge on Netflix. So any writers 178 00:10:05,920 --> 00:10:10,559 Speaker 4: associated with whatever the next massive Netflix phenomenon is that 179 00:10:10,640 --> 00:10:14,480 Speaker 4: will not happen to them. Actors, however, are still negotiating 180 00:10:14,520 --> 00:10:18,079 Speaker 4: that kind of thing. Residual payments for content viewed by 181 00:10:18,120 --> 00:10:22,400 Speaker 4: overseas subscribers, so people like you and me will increase massively, 182 00:10:22,679 --> 00:10:27,760 Speaker 4: So huge, huge gains for residuals. As for transparency, so 183 00:10:27,960 --> 00:10:31,000 Speaker 4: obviously you and I don't know how many people have 184 00:10:31,120 --> 00:10:33,920 Speaker 4: viewed a Netflix show. We only hear what Netflix has 185 00:10:34,160 --> 00:10:38,320 Speaker 4: told us. So the AMPTP agreed to share international and 186 00:10:38,400 --> 00:10:43,120 Speaker 4: domestics so Hollywood streaming numbers with the Writers Guild. That's 187 00:10:43,160 --> 00:10:46,240 Speaker 4: subject to confidentiality, but it means that writers will actually 188 00:10:46,280 --> 00:10:49,560 Speaker 4: know how many people have watched their shows, which they 189 00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:51,199 Speaker 4: weren't allowed to find out before. 190 00:10:51,840 --> 00:10:55,640 Speaker 3: Okay, So both parties have signed this agreement. What happens 191 00:10:55,640 --> 00:10:58,320 Speaker 3: from here and how quickly can we expect to see 192 00:10:58,320 --> 00:11:00,719 Speaker 3: our favorite shows back on television or on. 193 00:11:00,720 --> 00:11:04,840 Speaker 4: Streaming, Well, that depends. So the agreement has been accepted 194 00:11:04,960 --> 00:11:08,880 Speaker 4: by the union's leadership, which means that writers were able 195 00:11:08,920 --> 00:11:11,680 Speaker 4: to go back to work. It does need to be 196 00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:14,920 Speaker 4: voted on by those writers. That's going to be happening 197 00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:17,560 Speaker 4: over the course of this week and next, but it's 198 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:19,640 Speaker 4: expected that they will agree to the agreement. 199 00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:21,600 Speaker 3: So it's not an one hundred percent done deal, but 200 00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:23,920 Speaker 3: it's pretty likely that this is going to be the 201 00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:24,600 Speaker 3: state of play. 202 00:11:24,679 --> 00:11:27,839 Speaker 4: It would be very, very surprising if the membership of 203 00:11:27,880 --> 00:11:30,640 Speaker 4: the WGA said, we don't accept this agreement and we 204 00:11:30,679 --> 00:11:31,360 Speaker 4: want a better one. 205 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:34,520 Speaker 3: Okay. So from there, that's when everyone goes back to 206 00:11:34,559 --> 00:11:38,240 Speaker 3: set and writers' rooms and starts producing stuff. 207 00:11:38,320 --> 00:11:40,480 Speaker 4: Right, Well, they go back to the writers' rooms. They 208 00:11:40,480 --> 00:11:44,240 Speaker 4: don't go back to set because SAG after the Actors' 209 00:11:44,280 --> 00:11:47,280 Speaker 4: Union is still on strike. Okay, they went on strike 210 00:11:47,320 --> 00:11:49,360 Speaker 4: in July. That's when we first talked about this on 211 00:11:49,400 --> 00:11:53,319 Speaker 4: the podcast. So actors performers, all those one hundred and 212 00:11:53,360 --> 00:11:57,000 Speaker 4: sixty thousand people covered by SAG after they're all still 213 00:11:57,040 --> 00:12:00,400 Speaker 4: on strike. However, as you're listening to this pot cast 214 00:12:00,520 --> 00:12:03,600 Speaker 4: right now, the leadership of SAG AFTRA has actually gone 215 00:12:03,640 --> 00:12:07,760 Speaker 4: back to the negotiating table with AMPTP and that's inspired 216 00:12:07,800 --> 00:12:12,440 Speaker 4: by the success of the WGA agreement. So we could 217 00:12:12,520 --> 00:12:15,000 Speaker 4: be seeing people back to set soon. We're not sure. 218 00:12:15,040 --> 00:12:17,400 Speaker 4: It's going to depend on how things turn out over 219 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:18,440 Speaker 4: the next couple of days. 220 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:20,880 Speaker 3: So big step forward for writers, but we'll have to 221 00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:24,439 Speaker 3: watch and see what happens with actors exactly. Lucy, thank 222 00:12:24,480 --> 00:12:26,559 Speaker 3: you so much for joining us on the Daily OZ today. 223 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:30,760 Speaker 2: Thanks Sam, thanks for listening to today's pod. If you 224 00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:33,640 Speaker 2: learned something from today's episode, don't forget to share it 225 00:12:33,679 --> 00:12:36,480 Speaker 2: with a friend. We'll be back again tomorrow morning, but 226 00:12:36,760 --> 00:12:43,160 Speaker 2: until then, Happy Monday.