1 00:00:00,600 --> 00:00:03,760 Speaker 1: Already and this this is the Daily This is. 2 00:00:03,760 --> 00:00:04,600 Speaker 2: The Daily os. 3 00:00:05,240 --> 00:00:06,920 Speaker 3: Oh, now it makes sense. 4 00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:17,640 Speaker 4: Good morning and welcome to the Daily Ods. It's Wednesday, 5 00:00:17,680 --> 00:00:21,000 Speaker 4: the twenty first of February. I'm Zara, I'm Billy and Sarah. 6 00:00:21,040 --> 00:00:23,239 Speaker 4: Before we go any further, we have to acknowledge that 7 00:00:23,320 --> 00:00:25,480 Speaker 4: it is our first video podcast. 8 00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:27,360 Speaker 3: I feel like I'm like not sure where I'm looking 9 00:00:27,400 --> 00:00:28,160 Speaker 3: about the camera? 10 00:00:28,240 --> 00:00:28,440 Speaker 4: Is it? 11 00:00:28,560 --> 00:00:28,880 Speaker 5: Are you? 12 00:00:29,200 --> 00:00:32,080 Speaker 3: But if you do, but if you do want to 13 00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:34,320 Speaker 3: watch this on video, we will put a link in 14 00:00:34,360 --> 00:00:36,360 Speaker 3: the show notes and it's on our YouTube. 15 00:00:36,520 --> 00:00:39,440 Speaker 1: Wow, there you go, a world first for the Daily Odds. 16 00:00:39,479 --> 00:00:41,400 Speaker 3: But what are we talking about on the podcast today? 17 00:00:41,760 --> 00:00:45,880 Speaker 4: Well, today we are speaking about alcohol in Parliament. That's 18 00:00:45,880 --> 00:00:49,120 Speaker 4: because earlier this month a video went viral of National's 19 00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:52,960 Speaker 4: MP and former Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby's Joyce lying on 20 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:55,720 Speaker 4: the ground in the middle of a Canvra street swearing 21 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:59,440 Speaker 4: into his bone. Then this week we had National Senator 22 00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:02,240 Speaker 4: Hearing Day, the admitting that she had two drinks before 23 00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:03,720 Speaker 4: a Senate Estimate hearing. 24 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:05,720 Speaker 1: Where she could be heard slurring her words. 25 00:01:06,440 --> 00:01:09,280 Speaker 4: So in today's Deep Dive, Billy, we are discussing the 26 00:01:09,360 --> 00:01:12,680 Speaker 4: rules around drinking in Parliament, the push for breath testing 27 00:01:12,760 --> 00:01:14,440 Speaker 4: and what happens next. 28 00:01:14,480 --> 00:01:16,680 Speaker 1: Before we get there, though, that's making headlines. 29 00:01:19,120 --> 00:01:22,160 Speaker 3: The Australian Navy will get an extra eleven point one 30 00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:25,440 Speaker 3: billion dollars of funding under the government's new Defense plan. 31 00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:28,400 Speaker 3: This will bring the naval Fleet's funding to over fifty 32 00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:31,600 Speaker 3: four billion dollars in the next decade, which covers eleven 33 00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:34,640 Speaker 3: new warships and six new vessels that can operate without 34 00:01:34,640 --> 00:01:38,080 Speaker 3: a driver. It comes after an independent review commissioned by 35 00:01:38,120 --> 00:01:41,560 Speaker 3: the Labor government claimed the naval fleet was underfunded by 36 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:43,200 Speaker 3: twenty five billion dollars. 37 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:49,360 Speaker 4: Queensland's Police Commissioner, Katerina Carroll has announced that she is 38 00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:52,800 Speaker 4: stepping down from the roll after increasing pressure around a 39 00:01:52,920 --> 00:01:56,800 Speaker 4: range of issues, including increased domestic violence and youth crime 40 00:01:56,880 --> 00:02:00,960 Speaker 4: in the state. In a press conference yesterday, Carol said, quote, 41 00:02:01,280 --> 00:02:03,680 Speaker 4: the world has changed since COVID. To have in one 42 00:02:03,800 --> 00:02:07,080 Speaker 4: year a twenty five percent increase in domestic violence is 43 00:02:07,240 --> 00:02:10,840 Speaker 4: just unheard of, and that's in one year. Carroll was 44 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:13,720 Speaker 4: appointed in twenty nineteen and was the first woman in 45 00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:14,280 Speaker 4: the position. 46 00:02:16,200 --> 00:02:19,560 Speaker 3: A landslide in Afghanistan has killed twenty five people in 47 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:22,840 Speaker 3: the province of Nuristan. According to a spokesperson for the 48 00:02:22,880 --> 00:02:26,680 Speaker 3: Disaster Management Ministry, a further eight people have been injured. 49 00:02:27,160 --> 00:02:31,000 Speaker 3: Heavy snowfall in the country's east caused the landslide. Due 50 00:02:31,040 --> 00:02:34,280 Speaker 3: to weather conditions, helicopters providing aid have not been able 51 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:37,480 Speaker 3: to land. Rescuers have had to use hand shovels to 52 00:02:37,520 --> 00:02:40,519 Speaker 3: recover bodies, and explosives have been used to make way 53 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:41,680 Speaker 3: through fallen boulders. 54 00:02:43,960 --> 00:02:47,320 Speaker 4: And today's good news, an NBA All Star game has 55 00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:51,280 Speaker 4: broken the record for the most points ever scored. The 56 00:02:51,360 --> 00:02:54,920 Speaker 4: game in Indianapolis saw the scoreboard reach two hundred for 57 00:02:54,960 --> 00:02:58,840 Speaker 4: the first time in the game's history of seventy three years. However, 58 00:02:59,000 --> 00:03:02,000 Speaker 4: the two hundred points barrier was met with some controversy, 59 00:03:02,080 --> 00:03:04,360 Speaker 4: as some said that the game was not very competitive 60 00:03:04,520 --> 00:03:05,240 Speaker 4: with that score. 61 00:03:05,639 --> 00:03:07,639 Speaker 3: Zara, I think you should be transparent about the fact 62 00:03:07,639 --> 00:03:09,040 Speaker 3: that you didn't think that was good news. 63 00:03:09,280 --> 00:03:15,200 Speaker 1: I maintained my position, Billy. 64 00:03:15,280 --> 00:03:19,040 Speaker 4: In the last fortnight, there have been two incidents involving 65 00:03:19,120 --> 00:03:24,440 Speaker 4: videos of National Party politicians being intoxicated. It has renewed 66 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:27,799 Speaker 4: a push to have rules introduced that regulate the behavior 67 00:03:27,880 --> 00:03:30,960 Speaker 4: of politicians in their workplace, which, of course, in this 68 00:03:31,040 --> 00:03:32,160 Speaker 4: case is Parliament. 69 00:03:32,360 --> 00:03:34,200 Speaker 3: How would you feel if I rocked up a little 70 00:03:34,240 --> 00:03:34,800 Speaker 3: bit drunk? 71 00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:37,200 Speaker 1: I mean, I think that I would have an issue 72 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:37,440 Speaker 1: with that. 73 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:41,200 Speaker 4: And it's incredible that we're talking about that potentially not 74 00:03:41,240 --> 00:03:43,280 Speaker 4: being an issue in our nation's capital. 75 00:03:43,640 --> 00:03:46,200 Speaker 3: So for anyone who has missed it, can you quickly 76 00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:48,880 Speaker 3: just take us through what are those two incidents that 77 00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:50,160 Speaker 3: has triggered this conversation. 78 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:54,160 Speaker 4: So the first incident was when The Daily Mail published 79 00:03:54,240 --> 00:03:57,800 Speaker 4: a video of Barnaby Joyce drunk on a pavement in camera. 80 00:03:58,360 --> 00:04:01,080 Speaker 4: Now Joyce, who is of course an National's MP, he 81 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:05,320 Speaker 4: was also Australia's Deputy Prime Minister. He was filmed yelling 82 00:04:05,360 --> 00:04:09,400 Speaker 4: expletives into his phone while lying on the ground. Now, 83 00:04:09,800 --> 00:04:13,000 Speaker 4: after that video emerged, Barnib Joyce said that he had 84 00:04:13,040 --> 00:04:16,880 Speaker 4: mixed alcohol and prescription medication and that that was what 85 00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:21,200 Speaker 4: had created this illusion of drunkenness. Here he is explaining 86 00:04:21,279 --> 00:04:23,200 Speaker 4: his version of events to Sunrise. 87 00:04:23,560 --> 00:04:24,560 Speaker 5: I made a big mistake. 88 00:04:25,200 --> 00:04:28,599 Speaker 3: There's no excuse for it. There's a reason I'm on 89 00:04:28,640 --> 00:04:32,640 Speaker 3: a prescription drug and they say certain things may happen 90 00:04:32,680 --> 00:04:36,360 Speaker 3: to you if you drink, and they were absolutely one 91 00:04:36,440 --> 00:04:37,200 Speaker 3: hundred percent. 92 00:04:37,040 --> 00:04:37,640 Speaker 5: Right they did. 93 00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:42,120 Speaker 4: Now, after the incident, National's leader David Little Proud encouraged 94 00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:45,680 Speaker 4: his colleague Barnaby Joyce to take some personal leave and 95 00:04:45,800 --> 00:04:50,760 Speaker 4: said that he had quote embarrassed himself and embarrassed his family. Ultimately, 96 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:54,039 Speaker 4: though Barnabe Joyce didn't heed that advice, he remained working 97 00:04:54,279 --> 00:04:56,880 Speaker 4: and this week he said that he's giving up alcohol 98 00:04:56,960 --> 00:05:00,520 Speaker 4: for lent, Lent being a period where some Christians abstain 99 00:05:00,640 --> 00:05:03,039 Speaker 4: from something that they enjoy in the lead up to Easter. 100 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:06,640 Speaker 3: So that was the first incident that triggered this conversation. 101 00:05:07,160 --> 00:05:09,679 Speaker 3: And it was interesting that some of the commentary around 102 00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:12,960 Speaker 3: that Barnaby Joyce video was perhaps if it was a 103 00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:16,280 Speaker 3: female politician, how we responded to that in terms of 104 00:05:16,360 --> 00:05:21,120 Speaker 3: the media and the public perhaps would have been slightly different. Ultimately, 105 00:05:21,400 --> 00:05:24,599 Speaker 3: we didn't have to wait very long to test that theory, 106 00:05:24,640 --> 00:05:28,440 Speaker 3: because this week another Nationals politician is making headlines for 107 00:05:28,480 --> 00:05:29,279 Speaker 3: a similar reason. 108 00:05:29,360 --> 00:05:30,920 Speaker 1: What happened, that's right. 109 00:05:31,080 --> 00:05:35,120 Speaker 4: So in a separate incident, Deputy Nationals leader Peren Davy 110 00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:38,400 Speaker 4: appeared to slur her words during a Senate hearing. 111 00:05:38,800 --> 00:05:42,839 Speaker 5: I'm really thank you for your evidence tonight, and I 112 00:05:43,040 --> 00:05:47,080 Speaker 5: thank you because I having sit in this place now 113 00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:54,120 Speaker 5: for nearly five years. I have seen a dramatic change 114 00:05:54,160 --> 00:06:01,240 Speaker 5: from when one's the would come in, And this is 115 00:06:01,279 --> 00:06:05,000 Speaker 5: what we're saying. You come prepared. You know exactly the 116 00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:07,280 Speaker 5: questions I'm going to ask about the regions, and the 117 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:09,960 Speaker 5: regions is now a topic of conversation. 118 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:13,240 Speaker 4: Davy admitted to drinking two glasses of wine at a 119 00:06:13,360 --> 00:06:16,280 Speaker 4: social meeting before the hearing, but she denies that she 120 00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:19,680 Speaker 4: was drunk. She said she is mortified by how this 121 00:06:19,800 --> 00:06:23,400 Speaker 4: is being reported. She actually said yesterday that she had 122 00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:27,640 Speaker 4: had emergency throat surgery in twenty nineteen, which she said 123 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:31,880 Speaker 4: affects her speech. Davy said in a radio interview quote, 124 00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:34,640 Speaker 4: I've been very conscious of it ever since, and I've 125 00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:38,480 Speaker 4: always thought I've managed it well. She acknowledged that when 126 00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:41,080 Speaker 4: she has had a glass of wine, she can sometimes 127 00:06:41,120 --> 00:06:44,279 Speaker 4: slur her words. So again, she did confirm that she 128 00:06:44,400 --> 00:06:46,800 Speaker 4: drank two glasses of wine before that hearing. 129 00:06:47,160 --> 00:06:49,800 Speaker 3: So here we have two politicians who have admitted to 130 00:06:49,880 --> 00:06:54,520 Speaker 3: drinking alcohol in or around the workplace. What other rules 131 00:06:54,520 --> 00:06:57,440 Speaker 3: are when it comes to drinking alcohol in parliament? 132 00:06:58,160 --> 00:06:59,840 Speaker 1: I do think that it should be so. 133 00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:03,880 Speaker 4: I had, first and foremost that alcohol has always been 134 00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:08,159 Speaker 4: a really prominent feature of Australia's Parliament. Anyone that has 135 00:07:08,279 --> 00:07:10,720 Speaker 4: worked there can attest to that. I only had a 136 00:07:10,720 --> 00:07:12,920 Speaker 4: brief stint there, and even so, the way that you 137 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:16,200 Speaker 4: make friends is just basically by going to drinks and 138 00:07:16,520 --> 00:07:19,160 Speaker 4: politicians put on drinks in their offices and that's kind 139 00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:23,080 Speaker 4: of how everyone mingles. So you know, that's my anecdotal evidence, 140 00:07:23,240 --> 00:07:27,760 Speaker 4: but more importantly by former Sex Discrimination Commissioner Kate Jenkins, 141 00:07:27,840 --> 00:07:32,120 Speaker 4: who reviewed Parliament House's workplace culture. She handed down that 142 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:36,840 Speaker 4: review in twenty twenty one after a slew of allegations. 143 00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:37,480 Speaker 1: About toxic culture. 144 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:42,240 Speaker 4: The review found frequent alcohol consumption was part of Parliament's 145 00:07:42,320 --> 00:07:46,600 Speaker 4: quote kind of work, hard play hard culture. Jenkins recommended 146 00:07:46,640 --> 00:07:49,800 Speaker 4: restricting the availability of alcohol in Parliament. 147 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:52,680 Speaker 3: So that recommendation was made a number of years ago. 148 00:07:52,720 --> 00:07:55,560 Speaker 3: Now what has actually happened has it been implemented? 149 00:07:56,080 --> 00:07:59,880 Speaker 4: So a task force was established to oversee the implementation 150 00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:03,320 Speaker 4: of this recommendation and a number of other recommendations that 151 00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:06,360 Speaker 4: were made. And the task force is made up of 152 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:10,440 Speaker 4: a number of politicians from across the political spectrum. Actually 153 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:13,360 Speaker 4: one of those members is Perrin Davey, who of course 154 00:08:13,440 --> 00:08:15,840 Speaker 4: is the Senator. We just referred to who was accused 155 00:08:15,880 --> 00:08:16,440 Speaker 4: of drinking. 156 00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:18,520 Speaker 3: So just to be clear, she was part of a 157 00:08:18,600 --> 00:08:22,240 Speaker 3: task force reviewing the alcohol policy in parliament. 158 00:08:22,520 --> 00:08:25,360 Speaker 4: That is correct, but we don't have any kind of 159 00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:29,120 Speaker 4: formal policy to point at yet. So the latest update 160 00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:31,840 Speaker 4: from the task force that was released at the beginning 161 00:08:31,960 --> 00:08:36,520 Speaker 4: of this month says that alcohol policies have been partly implemented, 162 00:08:37,040 --> 00:08:41,040 Speaker 4: and the update says consultation and implementation of alcohol policy 163 00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:44,840 Speaker 4: for parliamentarians and their staff is anticipated in the first 164 00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:48,680 Speaker 4: half of twenty twenty four, so it sounds like it's 165 00:08:48,679 --> 00:08:51,600 Speaker 4: on its way soon, but you know, not here yet. 166 00:08:52,120 --> 00:08:55,240 Speaker 4: The City Morning Herald this week obtained a leaked version 167 00:08:55,440 --> 00:08:58,679 Speaker 4: of the policy, so someone had given them that draft 168 00:08:58,800 --> 00:09:03,120 Speaker 4: policy as it currently stands, and according to the Herald's report, 169 00:09:03,520 --> 00:09:09,080 Speaker 4: it doesn't actually propose a ban on alcohol in federal Parliament. Instead, 170 00:09:09,280 --> 00:09:12,640 Speaker 4: part of the leaked proposal does say that quote alcohol 171 00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:17,079 Speaker 4: or legal drug consumption should not adversely affect an individual's 172 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:19,439 Speaker 4: work performance or official conduct. 173 00:09:19,640 --> 00:09:22,920 Speaker 3: Okay, So Kate Jenkins release that report in twenty twenty one. 174 00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:25,680 Speaker 3: We're now in twenty twenty four and that policy still 175 00:09:25,760 --> 00:09:28,760 Speaker 3: isn't finalized, but will be finalized at least in the 176 00:09:28,760 --> 00:09:32,120 Speaker 3: next four months. Are there any other proposals being put 177 00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:35,040 Speaker 3: on the table about regulating alcohol in Parliament House? 178 00:09:35,320 --> 00:09:39,560 Speaker 4: Well, Independent MP Zalie Stegel, who's also on the task force. 179 00:09:40,080 --> 00:09:43,520 Speaker 4: This week has suggested she thinks that random alcohol and 180 00:09:43,679 --> 00:09:47,040 Speaker 4: drug testing should be adopted. We wanted to hear directly 181 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:48,920 Speaker 4: from Zari about what this could look like. 182 00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:50,040 Speaker 1: Here's what she said. 183 00:09:50,240 --> 00:09:57,000 Speaker 2: Alcohol in Parliament House is unlimited, unmonitored, freely available and 184 00:09:57,040 --> 00:10:00,679 Speaker 2: pretty much all social interactions happen over our cool Now, 185 00:10:00,720 --> 00:10:02,600 Speaker 2: it's all fine and well for the Prime Minister and 186 00:10:02,679 --> 00:10:05,880 Speaker 2: many men others to say, look, we're all adults and 187 00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:09,319 Speaker 2: we should be responsible and have responsible consumption of alcohol. 188 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:15,240 Speaker 2: But what recent incidents would tend to indicate that is 189 00:10:15,320 --> 00:10:20,120 Speaker 2: not the case. We still don't have responsible consumption of alcohol. 190 00:10:20,840 --> 00:10:23,680 Speaker 2: We are passing laws that will impact the lives of 191 00:10:23,760 --> 00:10:27,880 Speaker 2: millions of people and so with that responsibility comes. I 192 00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:33,120 Speaker 2: think a duty of professionalism. Consuming alcohol on the job 193 00:10:33,320 --> 00:10:37,920 Speaker 2: is just not part of it. Now. Many workplaces have 194 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:42,720 Speaker 2: strong and strict alcohol policies or random testing, so I 195 00:10:42,760 --> 00:10:46,040 Speaker 2: think it's time the parliamentary workplace got into line. 196 00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:50,000 Speaker 3: So that's what Zally Staggle and independent MP thinks, I'm 197 00:10:50,040 --> 00:10:52,360 Speaker 3: interested in what the Prime Minister thinks and also what 198 00:10:52,400 --> 00:10:53,760 Speaker 3: does the opposition leader think. 199 00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:56,360 Speaker 4: Well, when he was asked about this idea of a 200 00:10:56,480 --> 00:11:00,280 Speaker 4: kind of blanket alcohol ban, PM Anthony Albanezi said that 201 00:11:00,320 --> 00:11:03,520 Speaker 4: there was no alcohol in his office, but he said, 202 00:11:03,559 --> 00:11:06,400 Speaker 4: and I quote a bit of common sense should apply. 203 00:11:06,679 --> 00:11:10,079 Speaker 4: People are adults and they should behave responsibly like any 204 00:11:10,200 --> 00:11:11,040 Speaker 4: adults should. 205 00:11:11,640 --> 00:11:13,400 Speaker 1: So that's what the government is saying. 206 00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:18,560 Speaker 4: Peter Dudden, the Opposition leader, said on Sunrise that people 207 00:11:18,600 --> 00:11:21,160 Speaker 4: can have a drink in moderation, but you need to 208 00:11:21,200 --> 00:11:25,360 Speaker 4: take responsibility, particularly if you're in the public eye. He said, 209 00:11:25,480 --> 00:11:27,520 Speaker 4: I think a lot of people will learn a lesson 210 00:11:27,520 --> 00:11:27,840 Speaker 4: from it. 211 00:11:28,160 --> 00:11:30,480 Speaker 3: We will keep an eye on what happens, especially on 212 00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:33,080 Speaker 3: that alcohol policy that is apparently coming out in the 213 00:11:33,080 --> 00:11:35,800 Speaker 3: next four months or so, so it'll be very interesting 214 00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:38,280 Speaker 3: to see what that says. Thank you so much for 215 00:11:38,360 --> 00:11:40,199 Speaker 3: joining us on the Daily Ohs, whether you're on the 216 00:11:40,320 --> 00:11:43,760 Speaker 3: video or whether you're listening in your ears. If you've 217 00:11:43,840 --> 00:11:47,160 Speaker 3: learned something from today's episode, don't forget to hit subscribe 218 00:11:47,320 --> 00:11:51,000 Speaker 3: or follow on Spotify. It really helps the Daily Ods 219 00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:53,600 Speaker 3: grow and gets us in front of as many young 220 00:11:53,640 --> 00:11:57,000 Speaker 3: people as possible. We'll be back again tomorrow. Until then, 221 00:11:57,120 --> 00:11:57,880 Speaker 3: have a great day. 222 00:11:58,240 --> 00:11:58,840 Speaker 1: Bye. 223 00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:03,760 Speaker 3: My name is Lily Maddon and I'm a proud Arunda 224 00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:08,800 Speaker 3: bungelung Caalgadion woman from Gadighl country. The Daily oz acknowledges 225 00:12:08,840 --> 00:12:11,040 Speaker 3: that this podcast is recorded on the lands of the 226 00:12:11,040 --> 00:12:14,680 Speaker 3: Gadighl people and pays respect to all Aboriginal and torrest 227 00:12:14,720 --> 00:12:17,520 Speaker 3: Rate island and nations. We pay our respects to the 228 00:12:17,559 --> 00:12:20,320 Speaker 3: first peoples of these countries, both past and present.