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Speaker 1: New Jersey and Amanda jam Nation.

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Speaker 2: Well, we've been staying updated on the two astronauts stuck

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Speaker 2: in space for the last nine months. Barry Wilmore known

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Speaker 2: as Butch Wilmore and Sunny Williams are only supposed to

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Speaker 2: be up there for eight days. It ended up being

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Speaker 2: nine months. Usually the maximum stay for astronauts at the

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Speaker 2: International Space Station is six months. So the mission has

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Speaker 2: started to bring them home. They're still at the space station,

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Speaker 2: but be expected to be home on Earth in a

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Speaker 2: matter of days. What does this do to your body?

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Speaker 2: And what will it be like for them to be home?

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Speaker 2: Here to tell us more is camera based astrophysicist Brad

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Speaker 2: Tucker Brad High.

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Speaker 1: How's it going.

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Speaker 2: It's going very well. How's it going to go for them?

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Speaker 2: What's happened to their bodies in space now? Nine months?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, as you said, there's a lot of changes that

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Speaker 1: you go into these longer duration missions. Ah, things like

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Speaker 1: your phones. We don't realize it, but you actually lose

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Speaker 1: a lot of bone density in space, and we know

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Speaker 1: that for every six months you spend around the space station,

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Speaker 1: you lose twenty years worth of bone city loss. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so they'll come back like they have the bones of

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Speaker 1: a sixty or seventy year old, and that's huge, and

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Speaker 1: that doesn't get repaired. It takes a while for your

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Speaker 1: heart to get back to normal because your heart actually

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Speaker 1: adapts to being in space and gets a bit lazy.

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Speaker 1: You know, you have to think about on Earth where

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Speaker 1: you used to our heart pumping against gravity. Well, if

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Speaker 1: you remove it, our heart adapts to that. But then

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Speaker 1: you get back down, your heart can no longer pump

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Speaker 1: enough oxigenated blood to the brain, so you get things

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Speaker 1: like you get faint, and you feel light headed, and

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Speaker 1: you actually can't even stand up without fainting. Your eyeball

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Speaker 1: physically changes its shape in space because of the pressure

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Speaker 1: in your head, so that takes a while to get

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Speaker 1: to normal. Even the physical shape of your brain takes

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Speaker 1: about three years to return to normal. So there's a

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Speaker 1: slew of these things that they'll have to happen when

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Speaker 1: they get back.

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Speaker 2: Wow. Yeah, and how have I helped to do that?

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Speaker 2: Did I have to live in a certain enclave to

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Speaker 2: have this stuff repaired?

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Speaker 1: So some of it, some of it kind of just

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Speaker 1: goes back with time. Others they do need treatment. Others

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Speaker 1: like the eyeball and the eye pressure. No one really

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Speaker 1: understands the indicators that will tell you whether it will

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Speaker 1: go back to normal. So some it takes a couple

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Speaker 1: of weeks, some it takes a couple of years for

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Speaker 1: your vision to actually get back to full functional and normal.

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Speaker 1: So there's a lot of these things where they just

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Speaker 1: don't understand. And that's actually where Butcher and Sunny will

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Speaker 1: be interesting as almost guinea pigs to say, to say,

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Speaker 1: because most of the data comes from younger astronauts in

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Speaker 1: their thirties into the early forties, late twenties and or

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Speaker 1: only up there for six months. They have both been

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Speaker 1: into space their late forties early fifties and have been

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Speaker 1: up multiple times, so we'll actually learn a lot from

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Speaker 1: their long exposure and how to potentially treat these things

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Speaker 1: going into the future.

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Speaker 2: Is there any benefits from being in space for a

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Speaker 2: long time, Like there's a lot of negatives, it seems

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Speaker 2: to me. Are they benefits?

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Speaker 1: So you get taller, so it's a quick way of

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Speaker 1: growing because your spine stretches, you do eventually lose that.

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Speaker 1: There are some changes that actually your physical age does

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Speaker 1: change in space. They've actually measured this between two identical

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Speaker 1: twins and we're actually to measure at a genetic level

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Speaker 1: a change in aging in space. There's a lot of

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Speaker 1: belief that cancer to tumors in space actually change and

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Speaker 1: multiply differently and as in slower, because they don't have

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Speaker 1: the mechanisms they think due to gravity to do it.

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Speaker 1: So there's actually a lot of work on cancer treatments

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Speaker 1: on the space station because they think it's a quicker

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Speaker 1: way of accelerating it. Now, the reverse also happens, because

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Speaker 1: you're exposed to higher levels of radiation, you do end

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Speaker 1: up with a potential higher level of cancer down the road.

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Speaker 1: So there's just a lot of stuff that goes to

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Speaker 1: the human body in space that it's a huge amount

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Speaker 1: of effort nasal pores into.

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Speaker 2: Well, if anything, soon he's hair hasn't stopped crying. That's

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Speaker 2: certainly now Donald Trump, Well, Donald said this.

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Speaker 1: I see the woman with the wild hair and good

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Speaker 1: solid head of hair she's.

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Speaker 2: Got, and he's wondering whether they've all fallen in love.

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Speaker 2: He's really big on the signs.

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Speaker 1: Brad, thank you for joining us, No worries, take care.

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Speaker 2: I'm talking of the astrophysist, physicist