1 00:00:06,409 --> 00:00:09,689 Speaker 1: Welcome to Coffee Time, a podcast series on Markets and 2 00:00:09,699 --> 00:00:13,260 Speaker 1: Economies from D BS Group Research. I'm ba chief economist, 3 00:00:13,380 --> 00:00:16,500 Speaker 1: welcoming you to our 101st episode, 4 00:00:17,389 --> 00:00:21,190 Speaker 1: the series began right before the 2020 global pandemic. And 5 00:00:21,200 --> 00:00:24,159 Speaker 1: at that time, my idea was to record chats with thinkers. 6 00:00:24,170 --> 00:00:27,379 Speaker 1: I meet during my travels, I really doubt if I'd 7 00:00:27,389 --> 00:00:33,110 Speaker 1: have recorded 100 episodes with that model of operation by now. 8 00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:36,389 Speaker 1: But once the pandemic broke out remote recording with guests 9 00:00:36,400 --> 00:00:39,830 Speaker 1: all over the world became acceptable and away, we went. 10 00:00:40,209 --> 00:00:40,720 Speaker 1: Now 11 00:00:41,209 --> 00:00:44,119 Speaker 1: 100 episodes is a lot and there have been some 12 00:00:44,130 --> 00:00:47,259 Speaker 1: really memorable ones. We have covered our bread and butter, 13 00:00:47,270 --> 00:00:51,349 Speaker 1: global macro and markets in 41 episodes, but we've gone 14 00:00:51,360 --> 00:00:54,099 Speaker 1: way beyond that as well. Given the times we live in, 15 00:00:54,110 --> 00:00:57,849 Speaker 1: we've had a dozen episodes on Geopolitics, eight on tech 16 00:00:57,860 --> 00:01:01,000 Speaker 1: and fintech and a dozen on climate change. An issue. 17 00:01:01,009 --> 00:01:02,159 Speaker 1: Close to my heart. 18 00:01:02,500 --> 00:01:10,830 Speaker 1: Beyond that, we've covered banking, energy, metals, crypto, financial inclusion, health, science, innovation, 19 00:01:11,099 --> 00:01:17,790 Speaker 1: gender and wealth management. Quite the bread. Never a dull moment. Today, 20 00:01:17,800 --> 00:01:20,459 Speaker 1: I'd like to take stock of the top 10 episodes 21 00:01:20,470 --> 00:01:23,750 Speaker 1: of the series. All of which have had between various 22 00:01:23,760 --> 00:01:29,569 Speaker 1: podcast platforms and youtube versions over 10,000 downloads plus views. 23 00:01:29,830 --> 00:01:33,080 Speaker 1: The number one in this ranking in fact has over 24 00:01:33,089 --> 00:01:38,360 Speaker 1: 175,000 views and nearly 900 comments on youtube. But that 25 00:01:38,370 --> 00:01:42,509 Speaker 1: will come later. First. My only guest to have appeared 26 00:01:42,519 --> 00:01:46,400 Speaker 1: three times China expert Bert Hoffman, Director of the East 27 00:01:46,410 --> 00:01:50,449 Speaker 1: Asian Institute at National University of Singapore Bird has been 28 00:01:50,459 --> 00:01:55,669 Speaker 1: on episodes 1 46 in 93 in these three occasions, 29 00:01:55,680 --> 00:01:57,599 Speaker 1: we have gone deep on China. 30 00:01:58,309 --> 00:02:02,769 Speaker 1: We have discussed uh COVID-19 fallout likely economic impact on 31 00:02:02,779 --> 00:02:07,160 Speaker 1: policy response, the political dimensions and the Chinese economies much 32 00:02:07,279 --> 00:02:11,360 Speaker 1: needed move towards service and consumption orientation. In each of 33 00:02:11,369 --> 00:02:17,809 Speaker 1: these episodes, you will find candid and tight insights articulated cogently. 34 00:02:18,179 --> 00:02:20,820 Speaker 1: I think I can safely say that Bird will be 35 00:02:20,830 --> 00:02:24,240 Speaker 1: the first guest on the series to appear for 1/4 time. 36 00:02:25,119 --> 00:02:30,960 Speaker 1: Then there is astute investment strategist Kumar on episodes 14 37 00:02:30,970 --> 00:02:35,978 Speaker 1: and 58 connecting from Santa Monica, California with three. We 38 00:02:35,990 --> 00:02:39,649 Speaker 1: have discussed global economic outlook with the focus on the US. 39 00:02:39,660 --> 00:02:45,880 Speaker 1: Inflation risks fed credibility, housing market, rising inequality. Three to 40 00:02:46,044 --> 00:02:48,195 Speaker 1: not give the fed a break. So you can hear 41 00:02:48,205 --> 00:02:52,133 Speaker 1: some serious criticism of various fed policy actions there. Uh 42 00:02:52,145 --> 00:02:56,494 Speaker 1: but most importantly, free market timing in the US fixed 43 00:02:56,505 --> 00:03:00,154 Speaker 1: income is just impeccable evidence of that is ample in 44 00:03:00,163 --> 00:03:03,095 Speaker 1: both of these episodes. In my show notes from July 45 00:03:03,104 --> 00:03:08,315 Speaker 1: 21 he is described as short duration neutral to be 46 00:03:08,544 --> 00:03:12,835 Speaker 1: us dollar long, gold and long commodities, food, energy and metals. 47 00:03:12,845 --> 00:03:14,354 Speaker 1: Mind you July 21 48 00:03:14,580 --> 00:03:19,288 Speaker 1: and very little conviction equities. That's an absolutely killer portfolio 49 00:03:19,300 --> 00:03:22,739 Speaker 1: allocation for what was to come in the following year. 50 00:03:22,860 --> 00:03:25,149 Speaker 1: So she has been just outstanding 51 00:03:26,490 --> 00:03:31,029 Speaker 1: from markets to pandemic back in the summer of 2020 52 00:03:31,038 --> 00:03:34,699 Speaker 1: battle days when the world was mired in uncertainty about 53 00:03:34,710 --> 00:03:38,580 Speaker 1: the Coronavirus pandemic. We spoke with a man who discovered 54 00:03:38,589 --> 00:03:41,250 Speaker 1: the back to man link in the SARS virus way 55 00:03:41,259 --> 00:03:44,660 Speaker 1: back in 2003 and had been deeply involved in getting 56 00:03:44,669 --> 00:03:46,600 Speaker 1: to the bottom of the COVID-19 pandemic. 57 00:03:46,960 --> 00:03:51,619 Speaker 1: Professor director of the program in emerging infectious diseases at 58 00:03:51,630 --> 00:03:55,190 Speaker 1: Duke N Us Medical School walked us through numerous questions 59 00:03:55,199 --> 00:03:58,570 Speaker 1: that we had in those days about the Coronavirus pandemic. 60 00:03:58,630 --> 00:04:02,410 Speaker 1: What's the difference between SARS COV two and the COVID-19 virus? 61 00:04:02,630 --> 00:04:05,330 Speaker 1: Where did it originate as if we knew or could 62 00:04:05,339 --> 00:04:08,259 Speaker 1: it be manmade intent? A lot of conspiracy theories were 63 00:04:08,270 --> 00:04:13,429 Speaker 1: to follow. Why is it so infectious? Are asymptomatic carriers infectious? 64 00:04:13,479 --> 00:04:14,070 Speaker 1: How good are 65 00:04:14,149 --> 00:04:16,769 Speaker 1: for the test? And what's the pipeline for rapid tests? 66 00:04:16,779 --> 00:04:20,410 Speaker 1: What about the antibodies and convalescent plasma therapy? Think of 67 00:04:20,420 --> 00:04:22,660 Speaker 1: the questions we had in those days. What's the latest 68 00:04:22,670 --> 00:04:26,980 Speaker 1: on antiviral developments? What about the Holy grail of vaccine development? 69 00:04:27,140 --> 00:04:30,500 Speaker 1: It's a great tour going back in the time machine 70 00:04:30,510 --> 00:04:33,988 Speaker 1: to those days. I'm so grateful that Professor Lin came 71 00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:36,928 Speaker 1: to the podcast and offered his expert opinion given that 72 00:04:36,940 --> 00:04:40,309 Speaker 1: there was so much misperception and fake news around that 73 00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:41,260 Speaker 1: issue in those days. 74 00:04:41,899 --> 00:04:46,570 Speaker 1: Now, the next widely downloaded and shared podcast was on Brexit, 75 00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:52,269 Speaker 1: while not as cataclysmic as the pandemic, but tumultuous. Nonetheless, 76 00:04:52,279 --> 00:04:55,670 Speaker 1: I decided to take a deep dive on Brexit's past, 77 00:04:55,678 --> 00:04:59,828 Speaker 1: present and future with perhaps a foremost expert on the issue. Sir, 78 00:04:59,839 --> 00:05:03,869 Speaker 1: Ivan Rogers, who was the permanent representative of the UK 79 00:05:03,940 --> 00:05:06,769 Speaker 1: to the EU between 2013 and 2017. 80 00:05:07,149 --> 00:05:10,700 Speaker 1: He also served various top treasury roles under Kenneth Clark, 81 00:05:10,709 --> 00:05:15,679 Speaker 1: Gordon Brown and Tony Blair eloquent and prescient. Uh Ivan 82 00:05:15,690 --> 00:05:18,899 Speaker 1: Rogers took stock of how the UK ended up with Brexit. 83 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:22,140 Speaker 1: He summarized the risks around the rift between the UK 84 00:05:22,149 --> 00:05:25,570 Speaker 1: and EU which lingers on, of course, the usefulness of 85 00:05:25,579 --> 00:05:29,100 Speaker 1: multilateral pacts covered in trade and commerce and perhaps most 86 00:05:29,109 --> 00:05:31,719 Speaker 1: profoundly the role of the UK in the global landscape. 87 00:05:32,140 --> 00:05:35,390 Speaker 1: Looking forward, he offered caution and a little bit of 88 00:05:35,399 --> 00:05:39,919 Speaker 1: hope for the UK with clear eyed exposition on the 89 00:05:39,928 --> 00:05:44,469 Speaker 1: challenges associated with the pandemic, innovation, labor market, debt, trading, 90 00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:47,649 Speaker 1: goods and services, and evolving relationship with the EU and 91 00:05:47,660 --> 00:05:50,109 Speaker 1: the US. It was a tour de force and again, 92 00:05:50,119 --> 00:05:53,928 Speaker 1: like my favorite other podcast that we're discussing in this episode. 93 00:05:54,040 --> 00:05:58,130 Speaker 1: Absolutely spot on and worth revisiting even today. Um You 94 00:05:58,140 --> 00:06:00,269 Speaker 1: just just check it out. Um 95 00:06:00,920 --> 00:06:03,369 Speaker 1: As I said earlier, uh we have done a dozen 96 00:06:03,380 --> 00:06:07,469 Speaker 1: episodes on climate change, including with uh climate investor mad. 97 00:06:07,890 --> 00:06:11,488 Speaker 1: He's been there twice. E CE CBS uh head of 98 00:06:11,500 --> 00:06:14,450 Speaker 1: systemic risk, Paul. Hi, he has been there twice as well. 99 00:06:14,488 --> 00:06:17,970 Speaker 1: China climate expert, Ma Jun, who has represented China in 100 00:06:17,980 --> 00:06:22,089 Speaker 1: the G 20 climate change roundtable, Lin Li uh head 101 00:06:22,100 --> 00:06:24,989 Speaker 1: of Global Center for maritime decarbonisation in Singapore. 102 00:06:25,339 --> 00:06:29,350 Speaker 1: Unsurprisingly though the biggest hit of all on climate change 103 00:06:29,428 --> 00:06:34,170 Speaker 1: related episodes was Grace Fu Singapore's Minister for Sustainability and 104 00:06:34,178 --> 00:06:39,920 Speaker 1: Environment who joined us in episode 79. Last July in 105 00:06:39,928 --> 00:06:43,269 Speaker 1: the conversation, Mr Fu laid out in sobering detail, the 106 00:06:43,279 --> 00:06:47,000 Speaker 1: issues associated with recalibrating the entire Singaporean economy for re 107 00:06:47,010 --> 00:06:51,010 Speaker 1: transition with heightened focus on energy and food security. 108 00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:55,269 Speaker 1: While cognizant of the steep hill to climb toward a 109 00:06:55,279 --> 00:06:59,529 Speaker 1: midcentury dead zero goal, Minister Fu was constructive about the 110 00:06:59,540 --> 00:07:03,779 Speaker 1: work being done with public private coordination and cooperation as 111 00:07:03,790 --> 00:07:06,669 Speaker 1: well as the myriad of financial and technological solutions available 112 00:07:06,774 --> 00:07:11,035 Speaker 1: global and under development. We went over Singapore's plans for 113 00:07:11,045 --> 00:07:15,333 Speaker 1: carbon tax, greening of the energy grid and overall infrastructure, 114 00:07:15,394 --> 00:07:19,515 Speaker 1: the exciting area of urban agri and the ongoing changes 115 00:07:19,524 --> 00:07:21,994 Speaker 1: in global regulatory environment for decarbonisation. 116 00:07:22,529 --> 00:07:26,850 Speaker 1: I came out of that recording with a sense of somewhat, 117 00:07:26,859 --> 00:07:28,510 Speaker 1: you know, being sober in the sense that there was 118 00:07:28,519 --> 00:07:31,640 Speaker 1: such a long road ahead and the huge challenges outstanding. 119 00:07:31,700 --> 00:07:34,980 Speaker 1: But I was also encouraged by the energy and resources 120 00:07:34,989 --> 00:07:38,089 Speaker 1: being devoted to this foremost challenge of our lifetime and 121 00:07:38,100 --> 00:07:39,940 Speaker 1: our generation and generations to come 122 00:07:40,769 --> 00:07:44,540 Speaker 1: now for the most unusual setting of this series on 123 00:07:44,549 --> 00:07:48,750 Speaker 1: a beautiful afternoon back in August 2021. Uh We set 124 00:07:48,760 --> 00:07:52,440 Speaker 1: up by the waters in the island of Sentosa there, 125 00:07:52,700 --> 00:07:56,700 Speaker 1: the mound with the Singapore skyline and the port behind us. 126 00:07:56,709 --> 00:08:00,339 Speaker 1: He's the chief fintech officer at the Montreal Authority of Singapore. 127 00:08:00,350 --> 00:08:03,079 Speaker 1: He and I sat down and recorded episode 60. 128 00:08:03,350 --> 00:08:07,839 Speaker 1: He began the conversation by noting that Singapore's relatively small 129 00:08:07,850 --> 00:08:12,339 Speaker 1: market size paved the way for numerous innovations in the 130 00:08:12,350 --> 00:08:14,458 Speaker 1: area of business to business. Fintech. 131 00:08:14,820 --> 00:08:18,220 Speaker 1: Uh Sonando then went over Singapore's journey of developing fintech 132 00:08:18,230 --> 00:08:22,850 Speaker 1: relevant human capital, raising growth, capital, fostering community capital and 133 00:08:22,859 --> 00:08:26,869 Speaker 1: entrenching trust capital over the past half a decade. So 134 00:08:26,880 --> 00:08:29,910 Speaker 1: you can see the theme here various different kinds of capital. 135 00:08:30,059 --> 00:08:35,429 Speaker 1: The journey has also entailed major regulatory developments, sandbox experiments, 136 00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:39,890 Speaker 1: collaboration with key multilateral official sector institutions, as well as 137 00:08:39,900 --> 00:08:41,728 Speaker 1: various private sector entities, 138 00:08:42,539 --> 00:08:47,130 Speaker 1: foundational public goods such as digital identity, trusted data exchange, 139 00:08:47,140 --> 00:08:52,929 Speaker 1: interoperable payment systems and consent architecture have been developed, paving 140 00:08:52,940 --> 00:08:55,530 Speaker 1: the way for innovation in Singapore's domestic as well as 141 00:08:55,539 --> 00:09:00,489 Speaker 1: cross border payments. Fundamentally changing the cost, speed and security 142 00:09:00,500 --> 00:09:03,729 Speaker 1: of such transactions. So and I then talked about the 143 00:09:03,739 --> 00:09:07,369 Speaker 1: application of central bank digital currencies and why such currencies 144 00:09:07,380 --> 00:09:09,929 Speaker 1: have better use case for a developing country than a 145 00:09:09,940 --> 00:09:10,968 Speaker 1: developed one. 146 00:09:11,169 --> 00:09:14,500 Speaker 1: He then elaborated on the digital transformation challenges faced by 147 00:09:14,510 --> 00:09:17,729 Speaker 1: small and medium sized enterprises and how MA S was 148 00:09:17,739 --> 00:09:19,500 Speaker 1: helping address them 149 00:09:19,859 --> 00:09:22,590 Speaker 1: uh on the issue of climate change. He saw the 150 00:09:22,599 --> 00:09:25,729 Speaker 1: fintech space as a critical source of data and behavioral 151 00:09:25,739 --> 00:09:28,468 Speaker 1: nudges that can move the needle especially with respect to 152 00:09:28,479 --> 00:09:33,320 Speaker 1: green solutions needed by companies and individuals. Singapore has lately 153 00:09:33,330 --> 00:09:36,968 Speaker 1: become a vibrant space for green product related research and development, 154 00:09:36,979 --> 00:09:40,820 Speaker 1: as well as fundraising something the regulators and authorities have 155 00:09:40,830 --> 00:09:42,450 Speaker 1: encouraged actively. 156 00:09:42,770 --> 00:09:45,479 Speaker 1: I then asked something to what about the future technologies 157 00:09:45,489 --> 00:09:49,500 Speaker 1: and solutions in the pipeline at what key developments awaited us? 158 00:09:49,510 --> 00:09:52,239 Speaker 1: You can hear about his crystal ball gazing in that 159 00:09:52,250 --> 00:09:56,200 Speaker 1: episode as well. Again, just a reminder that was episode 160 00:09:56,210 --> 00:10:00,218 Speaker 1: 60 back in July 2021 161 00:10:01,039 --> 00:10:05,210 Speaker 1: from fintech to crypto. We've had a couple of episodes 162 00:10:05,219 --> 00:10:09,319 Speaker 1: of crypto, for example, episode 28 was devoted to Bitcoin 163 00:10:09,419 --> 00:10:14,459 Speaker 1: and the investment case with Michael Sonenshein of Grayscale investments. 164 00:10:14,609 --> 00:10:18,489 Speaker 1: Um but far more important and memorable for me was 165 00:10:18,500 --> 00:10:19,429 Speaker 1: episode 89 166 00:10:20,070 --> 00:10:23,460 Speaker 1: recorded in November last year on the sidelines of the 167 00:10:23,469 --> 00:10:27,400 Speaker 1: Singapore fintech Festival 2022 we have the honor of hosting 168 00:10:27,409 --> 00:10:32,460 Speaker 1: Stuart Haber. Doctor Heber call along with Scott Stora coined 169 00:10:32,469 --> 00:10:36,119 Speaker 1: a Blockchain technique in 1990 which was later adopted by 170 00:10:36,130 --> 00:10:41,409 Speaker 1: Satoshi Nakamoto. That mysterious guy as the basic mechanism for 171 00:10:41,419 --> 00:10:42,979 Speaker 1: data integrity in Bitcoin. 172 00:10:43,409 --> 00:10:47,939 Speaker 1: We began that conversation traveling back over three decades to 173 00:10:47,950 --> 00:10:51,200 Speaker 1: understand the problem and motivation that drove Haber and ST 174 00:10:51,690 --> 00:10:55,900 Speaker 1: for developing the Blockchain. It is clear even as young 175 00:10:55,909 --> 00:11:00,819 Speaker 1: coders and cryptographers, their ambitious ambition was substantial and their 176 00:11:00,830 --> 00:11:05,140 Speaker 1: goal was to have a transformative and lasting impact on 177 00:11:05,150 --> 00:11:09,260 Speaker 1: the way civilizations records are stored. We then talked about 178 00:11:09,270 --> 00:11:11,799 Speaker 1: the seminal moment in 2008 when 179 00:11:12,250 --> 00:11:14,640 Speaker 1: Sato, who I mentioned as a he earlier could be 180 00:11:14,650 --> 00:11:18,020 Speaker 1: a she uh that white paper came out. Uh And 181 00:11:18,030 --> 00:11:21,059 Speaker 1: Doctor Hebert's take on that then and now we tackle 182 00:11:21,070 --> 00:11:25,400 Speaker 1: the questions of a crypto bubble. Bitcoin's adverse environmental impact 183 00:11:25,409 --> 00:11:29,150 Speaker 1: and possible solutions around it. Proliferation of tech solutions looking 184 00:11:29,159 --> 00:11:33,179 Speaker 1: for a problem and applications that appeal to him. Doctor 185 00:11:33,190 --> 00:11:36,380 Speaker 1: Haber talked about his current research and took on my 186 00:11:36,390 --> 00:11:40,200 Speaker 1: questions on the potential impact of quantum computing in cryptography 187 00:11:40,210 --> 00:11:41,880 Speaker 1: based record authentication, 188 00:11:42,330 --> 00:11:46,299 Speaker 1: a brilliant mind with outstanding insights. OK. 189 00:11:46,900 --> 00:11:51,030 Speaker 1: Now we're in the top 3d Bs, Ceo Piush Gupta 190 00:11:51,039 --> 00:11:54,679 Speaker 1: came by to mark episode 50 of COVID time. We 191 00:11:54,690 --> 00:11:57,960 Speaker 1: squeezed in a lot. In that episode, Peche talked about 192 00:11:57,969 --> 00:12:01,130 Speaker 1: the track record of banks during the pandemic, the evolving 193 00:12:01,140 --> 00:12:05,380 Speaker 1: notion of data privacy and societal responsibilities. The most interesting 194 00:12:05,390 --> 00:12:09,330 Speaker 1: instances of accelerated disruption due to the pandemic, remote 195 00:12:09,419 --> 00:12:12,770 Speaker 1: working and the future of office short and long term 196 00:12:12,780 --> 00:12:16,789 Speaker 1: challenges facing banks gaps in the way we assess economies 197 00:12:16,799 --> 00:12:20,809 Speaker 1: and companies E S G as an opportunity, not obligation 198 00:12:20,950 --> 00:12:24,669 Speaker 1: and Southeast Asia's prospects in the decades ahead. It was 199 00:12:24,679 --> 00:12:28,830 Speaker 1: a riveting discussion and again, points remain as valid then 200 00:12:28,840 --> 00:12:29,729 Speaker 1: as they are today. 201 00:12:31,030 --> 00:12:36,270 Speaker 1: Our second most talked about guest is Rara Rajan, professor 202 00:12:36,280 --> 00:12:39,348 Speaker 1: at University of Chicago. He joined us in the early 203 00:12:39,359 --> 00:12:42,359 Speaker 1: days of the pandemic on episode eight. And then he 204 00:12:42,369 --> 00:12:46,070 Speaker 1: kindly came by to mark episode 100 last month. Very 205 00:12:46,080 --> 00:12:48,979 Speaker 1: few thinkers in my view have been as prescient as 206 00:12:48,989 --> 00:12:52,979 Speaker 1: Doctor Rajan in capturing the fault lines of modern finance. 207 00:12:52,989 --> 00:12:54,919 Speaker 1: It was a privilege to have him on the show. 208 00:12:55,190 --> 00:12:59,400 Speaker 1: We began with the here and now duration mismatch risk 209 00:12:59,409 --> 00:13:02,729 Speaker 1: causing a rise in vulnerability among banks and non bank 210 00:13:02,739 --> 00:13:06,700 Speaker 1: financial institutions in the US. Is this an inevitable result 211 00:13:06,710 --> 00:13:10,229 Speaker 1: of the exceptional monetary accommodation of the past decade and 212 00:13:10,239 --> 00:13:13,619 Speaker 1: a half? Um And then, which then led to some 213 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:13,919 Speaker 1: degree of 214 00:13:14,275 --> 00:13:17,694 Speaker 1: Hinton Rau says, yes. Uh there were other questions that 215 00:13:17,705 --> 00:13:20,875 Speaker 1: we discussed. Uh why haven't post G F C regulations 216 00:13:20,885 --> 00:13:24,103 Speaker 1: stemmed such risks from materializing? What are the indicators to 217 00:13:24,114 --> 00:13:27,484 Speaker 1: watch going forward and what can policymakers do at this point? 218 00:13:27,655 --> 00:13:30,603 Speaker 1: What about the entire edifice of inflation targeting and where 219 00:13:30,614 --> 00:13:32,765 Speaker 1: do the emerging market economies fit into all this? 220 00:13:33,450 --> 00:13:38,119 Speaker 1: While this discussion focused largely on financial market stress and 221 00:13:38,130 --> 00:13:41,419 Speaker 1: central uh banking. Uh Professor Rajan also weighed in on 222 00:13:41,429 --> 00:13:44,039 Speaker 1: issues very close to his heart, the issue of sovereign 223 00:13:44,049 --> 00:13:47,020 Speaker 1: debt restructuring that is badly needed for a number of 224 00:13:47,030 --> 00:13:49,960 Speaker 1: developing countries with critical roles to be played by credit, 225 00:13:49,969 --> 00:13:53,559 Speaker 1: credit nations and multilateral organizations. 226 00:13:54,309 --> 00:13:58,580 Speaker 1: Finally, from the number one episode of cope time by 227 00:13:58,590 --> 00:14:03,099 Speaker 1: a wide margin as episode 52 Hira Mahala, veteran expert 228 00:14:03,109 --> 00:14:07,640 Speaker 1: on geopolitics and presently distinguished fellow at the Asia Research Institute. 229 00:14:07,650 --> 00:14:11,559 Speaker 1: Talked about the urgent need for constructive engagement with China 230 00:14:11,570 --> 00:14:14,520 Speaker 1: to avoid the risk of a lose lose outcome from 231 00:14:14,530 --> 00:14:15,010 Speaker 1: the world. 232 00:14:15,679 --> 00:14:19,580 Speaker 1: A pragmatic trade of oriented strategy to deal with China 233 00:14:19,590 --> 00:14:24,280 Speaker 1: would help achieve peace and prosperity for all while ideologically 234 00:14:24,289 --> 00:14:29,799 Speaker 1: driven confrontations would only keep escalating matters in Professor Mei's view, 235 00:14:30,369 --> 00:14:35,320 Speaker 1: as always aide uh Mr Alwani Fan, global history and 236 00:14:35,330 --> 00:14:40,239 Speaker 1: geography to draw in lessons for policymakers and non-government observers alike. 237 00:14:40,530 --> 00:14:44,119 Speaker 1: Check out the video of this interaction on youtube and 238 00:14:44,130 --> 00:14:47,340 Speaker 1: the nearly 900 comments uh that are at at at 239 00:14:47,349 --> 00:14:50,099 Speaker 1: the bottom. There are some of those comments are really something. 240 00:14:51,200 --> 00:14:53,969 Speaker 1: So there you have it. Our top 10 looking forward 241 00:14:53,979 --> 00:14:56,659 Speaker 1: to sharing many such moments with you in the coming days. 242 00:14:56,789 --> 00:15:00,580 Speaker 1: Coby time is for information only does not represent any 243 00:15:00,590 --> 00:15:04,929 Speaker 1: trade recommendation. All 101 episodes of Coby Time are available 244 00:15:04,940 --> 00:15:08,869 Speaker 1: on youtube and on all major podcast platforms including Apple 245 00:15:08,880 --> 00:15:12,570 Speaker 1: Google and Spotify. As for our research publications, webinars and 246 00:15:12,580 --> 00:15:15,090 Speaker 1: live streams, you can find them all by Googling the 247 00:15:15,099 --> 00:15:18,450 Speaker 1: D BS research library. A few thanks to be made. 248 00:15:18,580 --> 00:15:20,909 Speaker 1: Uh Martin Tay. He, 249 00:15:21,010 --> 00:15:23,700 Speaker 1: he was there with me from the very beginning and 250 00:15:23,710 --> 00:15:26,469 Speaker 1: helped set up the whole framework and ran the podcast 251 00:15:26,479 --> 00:15:29,599 Speaker 1: as a producer for a good couple of years. Ken 252 00:15:29,609 --> 00:15:34,890 Speaker 1: Delbridge from Spice Studios is my current producer. Absolutely outstanding 253 00:15:34,900 --> 00:15:37,890 Speaker 1: and reliable Daisy Sherma and Violet Lee from D V 254 00:15:37,900 --> 00:15:42,200 Speaker 1: S group. Research, provide post editorial and publication support and 255 00:15:42,210 --> 00:15:45,799 Speaker 1: this podcast would go, would go nowhere without them either. So, 256 00:15:45,809 --> 00:15:47,270 Speaker 1: thanks to all of them and thanks to you, our 257 00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:50,619 Speaker 1: listeners have a great day. Keep listening to Kobe time.