1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,239 Speaker 1: Hey, history enthusiasts, you get not one, but two events 2 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:05,800 Speaker 1: in history today. Heads up that you also might hear 3 00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:09,720 Speaker 1: two different hosts, me and Tracy V. Wilson. With that said, 4 00:00:09,880 --> 00:00:13,399 Speaker 1: on with the show. Welcome to this day in History 5 00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:15,960 Speaker 1: Class from how Stuff Works dot com and from the 6 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:18,200 Speaker 1: desk of Stuff you Missed in History Class. It's the 7 00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:20,439 Speaker 1: show where we explore the past one day at a 8 00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:27,920 Speaker 1: time with a quick look at what happened today in history. Hello, 9 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:30,880 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. Wilson, and 10 00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:35,800 Speaker 1: it's December. South Carolina seceded from the Union on the 11 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:38,920 Speaker 1: state in eighteen sixty and this is marked as a 12 00:00:38,960 --> 00:00:41,200 Speaker 1: turning point on the way to the US Civil War, 13 00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:45,160 Speaker 1: and it was, but disputes between northern and southern states, 14 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:48,959 Speaker 1: between free and slave states have been going on for decades. 15 00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:51,839 Speaker 1: By that point, there had been a whole series of 16 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:54,680 Speaker 1: compromises might to try to preserve the balance of power 17 00:00:54,760 --> 00:00:58,600 Speaker 1: between free states and slave states. As one example, there 18 00:00:58,640 --> 00:01:01,840 Speaker 1: was the Missouri Compromise, which allowed Missouri to be admitted 19 00:01:01,840 --> 00:01:04,800 Speaker 1: into the Union as a slave state while Maine was 20 00:01:04,840 --> 00:01:07,880 Speaker 1: split off for Massachusetts and admitted as a free state. 21 00:01:08,800 --> 00:01:12,440 Speaker 1: But by eighteen sixty. Even after all of these compromises, 22 00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:16,640 Speaker 1: things had grown progressively more tense. Northern states had started 23 00:01:16,640 --> 00:01:20,800 Speaker 1: abolishing slavery and passing laws to prevent the return of 24 00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:23,119 Speaker 1: escaped slaves to the states where they had been held 25 00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:27,520 Speaker 1: in bondage. There was increasing pressure on slave states to 26 00:01:27,560 --> 00:01:33,280 Speaker 1: start abolishing slavery slave states. Dissatisfaction with all this increased 27 00:01:33,360 --> 00:01:37,120 Speaker 1: dramatically in eighteen fifty when California, which is a free state, 28 00:01:37,240 --> 00:01:40,920 Speaker 1: was admitted into the Union without a corresponding slave state 29 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:44,920 Speaker 1: to preserve this balance of power in Congress between slave 30 00:01:45,040 --> 00:01:50,200 Speaker 1: and free. As the eighteen sixty election approached, the prevailing 31 00:01:50,280 --> 00:01:54,160 Speaker 1: wisdom was at the election of a Republican president would 32 00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:58,520 Speaker 1: guarantee that slaveholding states would start breaking away from the Union. 33 00:01:59,240 --> 00:02:02,480 Speaker 1: The Republican Party had been founded six years earlier by 34 00:02:02,520 --> 00:02:06,800 Speaker 1: anti slavery Whigs, and the Republican president who was elected 35 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:11,240 Speaker 1: was Abraham Lincoln. He was elected on November six, and 36 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:14,840 Speaker 1: on December twentieth, South Carolina became the first state to secede. 37 00:02:15,680 --> 00:02:19,560 Speaker 1: On December twenty four, South Carolina adopted a Declaration of 38 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:24,040 Speaker 1: the Immediate Causes which induce and justify the Secession of 39 00:02:24,120 --> 00:02:28,840 Speaker 1: South Carolina from the Federal Union. It begins, quote, the 40 00:02:28,960 --> 00:02:32,559 Speaker 1: people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled 41 00:02:32,639 --> 00:02:35,600 Speaker 1: on the twenty six day of April a. D. Eighteen 42 00:02:35,680 --> 00:02:40,480 Speaker 1: fifty two, declared that the frequent violations of the Constitution 43 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:43,320 Speaker 1: of the United States by the Federal Government and its 44 00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:47,760 Speaker 1: encroachments upon the reserved rights of the States, fully justified 45 00:02:47,919 --> 00:02:51,920 Speaker 1: this state, and then withdrawing from the Federal Union. But 46 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:54,680 Speaker 1: in deference to the opinions and wishes of the other 47 00:02:54,760 --> 00:02:59,679 Speaker 1: slaveholding states, she forbore at that time to exercise this right. 48 00:03:00,520 --> 00:03:04,560 Speaker 1: Since that time, these encroachments have continued to increase, and 49 00:03:04,680 --> 00:03:09,920 Speaker 1: further forbearance ceases to be a virtue. In other words, 50 00:03:09,960 --> 00:03:12,160 Speaker 1: we said we had the right to succeed back in 51 00:03:12,240 --> 00:03:15,640 Speaker 1: eighteen fifty two, but because the other slaveholding states asked 52 00:03:15,680 --> 00:03:17,960 Speaker 1: us not to, we did not. But now we are. 53 00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:22,480 Speaker 1: It goes on about the idea of free, sovereign and 54 00:03:22,560 --> 00:03:27,280 Speaker 1: independent states before it gets around to what freedoms specifically 55 00:03:27,480 --> 00:03:30,600 Speaker 1: we're talking about. One of these is outlined an Article 56 00:03:30,720 --> 00:03:35,040 Speaker 1: four of the Constitution. Quote, no person held in service 57 00:03:35,160 --> 00:03:38,440 Speaker 1: or labor in one state under the laws thereof escaping 58 00:03:38,480 --> 00:03:42,160 Speaker 1: into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 59 00:03:42,160 --> 00:03:46,080 Speaker 1: therein be discharged from such service or labor, but shall 60 00:03:46,120 --> 00:03:48,720 Speaker 1: be delivered up on claim of the party to whom 61 00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:52,400 Speaker 1: such service or labor maybe do. In other words, if 62 00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:55,080 Speaker 1: you're enslaved in one state and you run away to another, 63 00:03:55,600 --> 00:03:57,560 Speaker 1: you can't be just kept there. You have to be 64 00:03:57,640 --> 00:04:01,760 Speaker 1: sent back. That was in the Constitution. This document then 65 00:04:01,800 --> 00:04:04,960 Speaker 1: goes on to talk about the hostility of the non 66 00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:08,840 Speaker 1: slaveholding states to the slaveholding states, which quote led to 67 00:04:08,920 --> 00:04:12,880 Speaker 1: a disregard of their obligations. And the document goes on 68 00:04:12,920 --> 00:04:17,880 Speaker 1: to condemn abolition societies which have quote encouraged and assisted 69 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:20,960 Speaker 1: thousands of our slaves to leave their homes, and those 70 00:04:20,960 --> 00:04:25,159 Speaker 1: who remain have been incited by emissaries, books, and pictures 71 00:04:25,520 --> 00:04:30,919 Speaker 1: to servile insurrection. Towards the end, the statement says, quote, 72 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:34,039 Speaker 1: the slaveholding states will no longer have the power of 73 00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:37,560 Speaker 1: self government or self protection, and the federal government will 74 00:04:37,600 --> 00:04:43,400 Speaker 1: have become their enemy. A total of eleven states seceded 75 00:04:43,480 --> 00:04:47,520 Speaker 1: from the Union, several others repeatedly citing slavery as their 76 00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:50,760 Speaker 1: reason for doing so, and they formed the Confederate States 77 00:04:50,760 --> 00:04:54,200 Speaker 1: of America. The Civil War began on April twelfth of 78 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:58,600 Speaker 1: eighteen sixty one. Thanks to Casey Pegram and Chandler Maye 79 00:04:58,680 --> 00:05:01,240 Speaker 1: for their audio work on this show. You can subscribe 80 00:05:01,240 --> 00:05:04,320 Speaker 1: to the Day in History Class on Apple Podcast, Google Podcast, 81 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:07,440 Speaker 1: I Heart Radio app and where else you get podcast, 82 00:05:07,480 --> 00:05:09,960 Speaker 1: and you can tune in tomorrow for an infamous bombing. 83 00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:22,240 Speaker 1: Hey everyone, welcome to the podcast. I'm Eves and you're 84 00:05:22,240 --> 00:05:25,280 Speaker 1: listening to this Day in History Class, a podcast that 85 00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:27,839 Speaker 1: really takes to heart the phrase you learn something new 86 00:05:27,960 --> 00:05:40,520 Speaker 1: every day. The day was December twentieth nine, seven the 87 00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:45,239 Speaker 1: Philippine registered passenger ferry m V Donia Pause sank, claiming 88 00:05:45,279 --> 00:05:48,560 Speaker 1: the lives of more than four thousand people. It was 89 00:05:48,600 --> 00:05:52,760 Speaker 1: the deadliest peace time ship wreck in history. Donta Pause, 90 00:05:52,880 --> 00:05:56,520 Speaker 1: originally called him a Yuti Madu, was built by Onomichi 91 00:05:56,720 --> 00:06:00,719 Speaker 1: Zosen in Hiroshima, Japan in nineteen sixty three. It was 92 00:06:00,800 --> 00:06:04,039 Speaker 1: first used as a passenger ferry in Japanese waters, but 93 00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:07,000 Speaker 1: it was later sold to a Philippine operator who ran 94 00:06:07,080 --> 00:06:10,960 Speaker 1: passenger ferries. After the vessel was destroyed in a fire 95 00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:14,000 Speaker 1: in nineteen seventy nine, it returned to service as a 96 00:06:14,040 --> 00:06:18,640 Speaker 1: passenger ferry. In nineteen eighties seven. Dona Pause was traveling 97 00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:23,360 Speaker 1: between Tacloban, cat Boligan and Manila, picking up passengers along 98 00:06:23,400 --> 00:06:27,120 Speaker 1: the way. The vessel could officially hold one thousand, five 99 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:30,160 Speaker 1: hundred and eighteen people and be operated by a crew 100 00:06:30,200 --> 00:06:34,480 Speaker 1: of sixty six. On December twentieth, nineteen eighties seven, at 101 00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:37,560 Speaker 1: six thirty a m. A Local time, Donia Pause left 102 00:06:37,600 --> 00:06:40,440 Speaker 1: Tacloban on the island of Later and headed out for 103 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:44,039 Speaker 1: Manila in the Philippines with a stop and caught Bolligan samar. 104 00:06:45,040 --> 00:06:48,600 Speaker 1: It made this trip a couple of times a week. Meanwhile, 105 00:06:48,680 --> 00:06:52,360 Speaker 1: an oil tanker named Empty Vector was traveling from bata 106 00:06:52,440 --> 00:06:56,080 Speaker 1: On to mas Batte, carrying around eight thousand, eight hundred 107 00:06:56,160 --> 00:07:01,240 Speaker 1: barrels of gasoline and other petroleum products. Vector was chartered 108 00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:06,160 Speaker 1: by Caltex Philippines. That night, while passengers were sleeping, as 109 00:07:06,200 --> 00:07:09,720 Speaker 1: the ferry traveled through the topless straight Vector and Donia 110 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:14,239 Speaker 1: Pause collided off Mindoro Island. The lights on board Dona 111 00:07:14,280 --> 00:07:18,320 Speaker 1: Pause went out and Vector's cargo caught fire, sending gas 112 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:23,000 Speaker 1: and kerosene into the surrounding water. The flames soon engulfed 113 00:07:23,080 --> 00:07:27,440 Speaker 1: Dona Pause. Life jackets on the ferry were reportedly inaccessible, 114 00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:30,640 Speaker 1: and the crew did not organize a rescue effort. This 115 00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:34,560 Speaker 1: intensified the panic on board, and people who survived the 116 00:07:34,640 --> 00:07:38,440 Speaker 1: collision jumped off the ship into flaming, shark infested water. 117 00:07:39,640 --> 00:07:42,240 Speaker 1: Don'ia Pause sank within two hours of the wreck, and 118 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:46,080 Speaker 1: Vector sank within four hours. The death toll has been 119 00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:49,080 Speaker 1: estimated at four thousand, three hundred and eighty six people, 120 00:07:50,200 --> 00:07:52,840 Speaker 1: but the Dona Pause was overcrowded at the time of 121 00:07:52,920 --> 00:07:56,480 Speaker 1: the disaster. Hundreds of passengers did not buy tickets, but 122 00:07:56,680 --> 00:08:00,520 Speaker 1: instead boarded the ship and paid a lower fare. Those 123 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:04,280 Speaker 1: people were not listed on the Fairies passenger list. Over 124 00:08:04,360 --> 00:08:07,080 Speaker 1: the next few days, corpses floated in the waters around 125 00:08:07,120 --> 00:08:10,000 Speaker 1: the island of Mindoro. The Coast Guard got word of 126 00:08:10,040 --> 00:08:13,320 Speaker 1: the disaster and a search and rescue operations soon began. 127 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:18,400 Speaker 1: Twenty four people survived the disaster. It was later found 128 00:08:18,480 --> 00:08:22,080 Speaker 1: that Donia Pause had no radio, hindering communication between the 129 00:08:22,160 --> 00:08:27,000 Speaker 1: two vessels. Salpicio Lines, who operated the ferry, claimed they 130 00:08:27,120 --> 00:08:30,120 Speaker 1: followed all rules set by the Philippine Coast Guard, but 131 00:08:30,360 --> 00:08:33,719 Speaker 1: the Board of Marine Inquiry determined that Silpicio Lines was 132 00:08:33,840 --> 00:08:37,800 Speaker 1: not at fault. Though overcrowding on Donia Pause was part 133 00:08:37,880 --> 00:08:41,240 Speaker 1: of the cause of the disaster. Victor was deemed responsible 134 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:44,920 Speaker 1: by the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Because Victor was 135 00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:47,559 Speaker 1: so heavy, two people had to steer it, causing it 136 00:08:47,640 --> 00:08:50,160 Speaker 1: to go in a zig zag motion towards Donia Pause, 137 00:08:50,559 --> 00:08:54,760 Speaker 1: which may have confused the Fairies crew. Also, Vector was 138 00:08:54,880 --> 00:08:58,520 Speaker 1: understaffed with under qualified crew. On top of that, the 139 00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:02,080 Speaker 1: vessel did not have a certific kid of inspection. Families 140 00:09:02,120 --> 00:09:06,600 Speaker 1: of the victims received little compensation. I'm each Jeff Coo 141 00:09:06,840 --> 00:09:09,280 Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today 142 00:09:09,360 --> 00:09:13,160 Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. Send your best history means to 143 00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:18,920 Speaker 1: us at t D i h C podcast on Facebook, Instagram, 144 00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:24,280 Speaker 1: and Twitter. We also accept electronic letters at this day 145 00:09:24,480 --> 00:09:28,199 Speaker 1: at i heart media dot com. Thanks for listening and 146 00:09:28,320 --> 00:09:41,079 Speaker 1: we'll see you tomorrow. For more podcasts from my Heart Radio, 147 00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:43,680 Speaker 1: visit the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever 148 00:09:43,800 --> 00:09:45,040 Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.