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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Dowdy and I'm Develine a truck a boarding

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Speaker 1: And often wars are kicked off by big events or

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Speaker 1: complex organized efforts, you know, somebody is assassinated, a bomb

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Speaker 1: is dropped on an area. But other times the start

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Speaker 1: of a war could be more subtle. It can be

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Speaker 1: kicked off by a simple gesture that gets things rolling. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and that's definitely the case with our subject Todayjna Hayk's

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Speaker 1: rebellion Um. It's also known as the Northern War or

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Speaker 1: the flag Staff War, and we're going to find out

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Speaker 1: later why that name is very appropriate. But like you said,

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Speaker 1: it was something tiny, it seemed that kicked off this

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Speaker 1: series of skirmishes absolutely, and all of these skirmishes as

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Speaker 1: you call them, took place in Northern Zealand from eighteen

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Speaker 1: forty five to eighteen forty six, and they occurred between

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Speaker 1: the indigenous people who are called the Mayori and the

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Speaker 1: British settlers there. And there were a few interesting things

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Speaker 1: about this particular war. For one thing, they occurred because

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Speaker 1: of disagreements over land that was kind of at the

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Speaker 1: root of it. They were also interesting because the battles

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Speaker 1: they've not only pitted Mayori against British but also Mayori

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Speaker 1: against Mayori in some instances, and they also included these

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Speaker 1: kind of random acts of kindness or civility so to speak. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: there's a few heartwarming moments that we're going to talk

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Speaker 1: about in these skirmishes. But the person who's credited with

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Speaker 1: starting all of this, starting these skirmishes was a guy

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Speaker 1: named Honei heck A, and he's a really interesting character.

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Speaker 1: I'd say, yes, he's a blend of rebellious, scrappy behavior,

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Speaker 1: a warrior, and on the other hand, he's also shrewd

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Speaker 1: and almost at times compassionate. His actions and decisions are

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Speaker 1: the heart of the story. So we'll start by taking

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Speaker 1: a closer look at him. Okay, So he was born

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Speaker 1: hone Hekekai in eighteen ten on New Zealand's North Island,

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Speaker 1: and his major tribal affiliation was with the Inga Pui tribe,

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Speaker 1: even though he had a few other connections to other

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Speaker 1: Mayori tribes. Um And I guess we should give you

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Speaker 1: guys a little background on the Miori. We have an

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Speaker 1: article about them, so you could read about their whole history,

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Speaker 1: but just a little background information. They're people of Polynesian

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Speaker 1: descent and they're said to have migrated to New Zealand

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Speaker 1: from other islands in Polynesia. But they also have a

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Speaker 1: pretty neat legend they do. The legend says that they

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Speaker 1: came to New Zealand on seven canoes from a place

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Speaker 1: called Hawaiiki. And Hawaiiki is an interesting place because some people,

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Speaker 1: some people have just assumed that it's a mythical place

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Speaker 1: that the Mayori are said to have originated from, but

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Speaker 1: there are some other people who think it might have

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Speaker 1: been an actual island in Polynesia or even part of

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Speaker 1: New Zealand. But whether you think it's a real place

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Speaker 1: or not, the Mayori have been in New Zealand since

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Speaker 1: about a d one thousand, So they go way back.

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Speaker 1: They go way back. And when Hannahke was young, he

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Speaker 1: lived within was educated by Christian missionary So this is where, uh,

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Speaker 1: this is where our story takes a turn a little

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Speaker 1: bit um. He attended the Carrey Carie Missionary School in

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Speaker 1: eighteen twenty four and eighteen twentive and even though he

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Speaker 1: was a really rambunctious mischievous young boy. He liked the missionaries.

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Speaker 1: He got along well with them, and one in particular,

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Speaker 1: guy named Reverend Henry Williams, became something of a father

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Speaker 1: figure for him. Yeah, they kept in contact even after

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Speaker 1: hannah Heck was no longer living with them. But hannah

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Speaker 1: Heck was definitely influenced by this encounter. He ended up

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Speaker 1: converting to Christianity. He was baptized, He learned the scriptures

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Speaker 1: through and through, and this becomes significant in our story later,

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Speaker 1: so just remember that aspect of it. Despite these Christian influences, though,

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Speaker 1: hannah Heck still remained a warrior. He participated in inter

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Speaker 1: tribal wars in the eighteen thirties and he really distinguished

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Speaker 1: himself in battle. So by the time the eighteen forties

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Speaker 1: rolled around, Hana Heck had really established a skill and

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Speaker 1: he's one of the leading chiefs of the Ngapui tribe.

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Speaker 1: And it's also around this time that the British government

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Speaker 1: really started to move in. And that was the way

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Speaker 1: it worked a lot of the times. The missionaries would

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Speaker 1: come in first, make the first contact, and then um

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Speaker 1: the imperial advance would follow. And I saw it referred

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Speaker 1: to one time as them being the shock troopers of

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Speaker 1: the Imperial Movement. Yeah, exactly, and that's definitely how it

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Speaker 1: was with So the British Governor, William Hobson showed up

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Speaker 1: and brought with him a new treaty, and the treaty,

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Speaker 1: the Treaty of why Tongi, seemed like it wasn't going

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Speaker 1: to be a terrible deal for the Mayori. It was

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Speaker 1: the pact between them and the British, and it claimed

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Speaker 1: to protect Mayori rights, including their land interests, and grant

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Speaker 1: them the full rights as British subjects in exchange for

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Speaker 1: their accepting in British sovereignty. Yes, sounded like a pretty

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Speaker 1: good deal founded fair enough. So on February sixty more

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Speaker 1: than forty Mayori chiefs signed the treaty, and many sources

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Speaker 1: say that Honehicky was actually the first one to put

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Speaker 1: his signature on there, which is a pretty big statement.

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Speaker 1: But it didn't take too long for him to change

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Speaker 1: his mind about that. Hanehicky became pretty unhappy with his

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Speaker 1: new neighbors, the British, soon enough. There were a few

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Speaker 1: things that he was upset about, first and foremost, the

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Speaker 1: way the land deal worked. Only the Queen, meaning the government,

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Speaker 1: not actually the Queen herself had exclusive rights to buy

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Speaker 1: and sell land in the area, and so that was

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Speaker 1: the way it was on paper at least, but in

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Speaker 1: actuality the demand for land continue to get greater as

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Speaker 1: more white settlers moved in, and sometimes illegal deals were

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Speaker 1: made or the colonials just flat out occupied Mayori land,

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Speaker 1: which caused a lot of trouble, as you might imagine.

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Speaker 1: So another thing they were upset about here was that

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Speaker 1: the Maori land that the colonial government did manage to

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Speaker 1: sell was often sold at a big profit. So obviously

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Speaker 1: none of that profit went to the Maori people, it

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Speaker 1: went to the government, so it didn't really work out

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Speaker 1: in their favor. Yes, so it's apparent this is a

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Speaker 1: false treaty. They don't really have land interest and they

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Speaker 1: don't really have full rights of British subjects. So that

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Speaker 1: was just the land portion of things. But by ety four,

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Speaker 1: in the township of Coro rika Hanaheck had yet another complaint.

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Speaker 1: Before the British showed up, he had been leving this

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Speaker 1: toll on all the ships coming into the Bay of Islands,

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Speaker 1: but Governor Robert fitz Roy, once he was in the picture,

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Speaker 1: he introduced his own customs, duties and regulations. And this

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Speaker 1: had two effects. It deprived Hanehika of his income and

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Speaker 1: it also increased the cost of living for his tribe.

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Speaker 1: So bad news all around. Then the final straw, a

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Speaker 1: former slave of Honehi Gays who was at the time

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Speaker 1: married to a white shopkeeper, was overheard calling hanehick a

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Speaker 1: pig's head while she was bathing in the bay with

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Speaker 1: some other women, and this was considered a really like

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Speaker 1: a bad curse to the by Maori standards. Now it's personal.

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Speaker 1: Son Haycki gets furious and he comes to the township

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Speaker 1: with some of his warriors in July, loots the shopkeepers store,

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Speaker 1: carries off the wife. I wonder to know what he

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Speaker 1: did with her. I just keep reading everywhere that he

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Speaker 1: carried off the one that I want to know where.

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Speaker 1: I was curious about that too. That meant exactly um.

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Speaker 1: But after he did that, so I mean, at that

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Speaker 1: point it's just this personal, pretty major affront to the

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Speaker 1: shopkeeper and his wife. But after that, in this symbolic

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Speaker 1: act of resistance against the British honey, he chops down

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Speaker 1: the Union flag flying over Maike Hill. And some people

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Speaker 1: say that it was really one of his followers who

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Speaker 1: did this, because Honecki was so close to Williams, the

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Speaker 1: missionary who had been his father figure to him, and

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Speaker 1: Williams had made him promise that he wouldn't do something

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Speaker 1: as dastardly is chopping down the flag. But we're not

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Speaker 1: really sure who did the chopping here, and there's some

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Speaker 1: conflicting accounts of that. What we do know is that

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Speaker 1: after this happened, fitz Roy heads over with some reinforcements

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Speaker 1: that he borrows from New South Wales because he didn't

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Speaker 1: have that many troops of his own at that time

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Speaker 1: in the area, and he meets with all of the

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Speaker 1: Mayori chiefs that are around there. Some of the chiefs

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Speaker 1: aren't really happy with Hannah's actions either. They aren't really

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Speaker 1: happy with the way that he went about things. Um

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Speaker 1: one of them in particular was to Mati Waka nene

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Speaker 1: he He and Hannah a kind of have some tensions

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Speaker 1: throughout this whole thing, so it's not surprising to see

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Speaker 1: here that he he disagrees with the way he went

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Speaker 1: about this. But they do explain where hana Heke was

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Speaker 1: coming from, and some concessions are made on both sides.

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Speaker 1: At this point, the governor agrees to abolish customs duties,

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Speaker 1: and Hannah Heck for his part, he offers to replace

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Speaker 1: the flagstaff. At this point, he's acting reticent, but we

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Speaker 1: have to wonder is it really genuine? Yeah, it doesn't

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Speaker 1: really mean to replace that flag staff. He does. He

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Speaker 1: does end up doing that, but it soon becomes apparent

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Speaker 1: that Hana Heke's fears have not been told le allayed.

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Speaker 1: He's still worried about the growing number of colonists in

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Speaker 1: the area, and because of that, he ends up chopping

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Speaker 1: down the flagstaff again and the chopping on the new flagstaff,

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Speaker 1: which he supposedly erected himself. So January nine he chops

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Speaker 1: that flagstaff down, and then again on January nineteenth he

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Speaker 1: chops it down again because they put it back up.

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Speaker 1: So we're we're at the anniversary, aren't we? Just a

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Speaker 1: few days ago? I think we are. We didn't even

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Speaker 1: do anything to celebrate, we didn't. I don't think we

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Speaker 1: have a flag around here. So that's something on Twitter, definitely.

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Speaker 1: So at this point the governor he realizes Honey is

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Speaker 1: just going to keep on taking the flag down as

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Speaker 1: many times as he puts it up and it's a

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Speaker 1: really bad statement to the to the British settlers who

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Speaker 1: are in the area. So he sends a few soldiers

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Speaker 1: and sailors to guard the flagstaff, and they have some

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Speaker 1: serious weapons with them, so they're I mean, they're taking

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Speaker 1: this pretty seriously, and Honehecki is taking it seriously too, though.

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Speaker 1: In March he brings two hundred warriors in the dead

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Speaker 1: of night to ambush Maike Hill, and at the same time,

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Speaker 1: more of his tribes warriors are making this diversionary attack

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Speaker 1: on the township. So by March eleventh, Honehicky cuts the

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Speaker 1: flag down for the fourth and final time. So, I mean,

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Speaker 1: this is this is kind of unbelievable that the British

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Speaker 1: have managed to let it be cut down four times,

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Speaker 1: and that Honehicki has managed to make it through four time. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean, he well, he's got some serious firepower and

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Speaker 1: help behind him, and the fighting is going on full

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Speaker 1: force at this point. In the midst of it, though,

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Speaker 1: there are a couple of things that happened as they're

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Speaker 1: going at each other. Heck A holds up a white

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Speaker 1: flag to cease fighting at one point, so both sides

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Speaker 1: can bury their dead. As you'll see, he does this

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Speaker 1: semi frequently throughout the war, um in various battles, So

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Speaker 1: he definitely is respectful of various cultures real rights, especially

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Speaker 1: Christian burial rights. And the other thing that happens a

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Speaker 1: little more dramatic is that there's an accident in the

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Speaker 1: township's powder magazine which causes it to explode. You might

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Speaker 1: think it's a little coincidental that this happens to happen. Well,

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Speaker 1: you might think that it's a little coincidental that this

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Speaker 1: happens while there's a battle going on. I definitely did,

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Speaker 1: But it turns out that most historians do actually think

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Speaker 1: that it was an accident. So at this point the

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Speaker 1: town has to be evacuated. All the white settlers are

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Speaker 1: put on a ship and to part that way. And

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Speaker 1: after this the tribe starts looting and burning in the town. However,

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Speaker 1: hana Hecke orders that they leave the property of the

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Speaker 1: Anglican church and house, the Roman Catholic bishop's house, and

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Speaker 1: the Roman Catholic missions alone. So again these acts of

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Speaker 1: civility we mentioned earlier. Yeah, I read somewhere that he

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Speaker 1: actually sort of drew a line on the south end

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Speaker 1: of town, and nothing beyond that was allowed to be touched.

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Speaker 1: You don't cross that guy. So at this point the Ingapu,

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Speaker 1: a tribe of Honeck, and the British are at full

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Speaker 1: on war. And then some of the other Mayoris, those

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Speaker 1: who are friendly to the British, they're called ko Papa's

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Speaker 1: among them as Wakanne who we mentioned earlier, they join

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Speaker 1: up with that side, and the war continued, so it's

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Speaker 1: Mayori against Mayori as well as British. UM. The war

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Speaker 1: continues throughout the next year, and it basically consisted of

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Speaker 1: a handful of isolated battles that took place around Pause

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Speaker 1: and Pau is kind of an interesting um defensive Mayori

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Speaker 1: fort like a stockade earthwork that was really quite effective

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Speaker 1: for how it was constructed. UM. One example at Ohaoai

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Speaker 1: was an oblong shaped paw on really high ground, basically

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Speaker 1: a maze of these skillfully dug trenches and palisades that

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Speaker 1: were all covered by thick sheets of flax too absorb

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Speaker 1: the shots. So that's sort of the interesting part part

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Speaker 1: that makes it stand out. UM. And when the British

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Speaker 1: fought the Mayori here in the summer of eighteen forty five,

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Speaker 1: they weren't able to make any headway with their heavy arsenal.

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Speaker 1: Any damage they did, the Mayori would just repair at

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Speaker 1: night because it was so it seemed lightweight, but it

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Speaker 1: could deflect pretty easily and it was easy to repair.

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Speaker 1: And so when the British tried to just attack head on,

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Speaker 1: the entrenched Maoris would cut them down with their muskets

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Speaker 1: and their shotguns. Um a very effective defense building. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I guess they had the depth advantage, you know, being

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Speaker 1: trench and uh, we're able to coverage, to have some coverage.

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Speaker 1: Definitely in this particular battle though Hannah Heck was actually

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Speaker 1: out of commission. He was injured, but the Mayori still

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Speaker 1: managed to follow his example of allowing the British a

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Speaker 1: chance to collect and bury their dead, and this was

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Speaker 1: a significant defeat for the British after afterward, after the defeat,

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Speaker 1: they replaced fitz Roy with Governor George Gray, and since

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Speaker 1: he couldn't fight, he wrote letters to Gray demanding that

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Speaker 1: Mayori rights be respected. And here's just part of one

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Speaker 1: letter that's pretty well known, and I quote, God made

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Speaker 1: this country for us. It cannot be sliced. If it

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Speaker 1: were a whale. It might be sliced. Do you return

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Speaker 1: to your own country, which was made by God for you.

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Speaker 1: God made this land for us. It is not for

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Speaker 1: any stranger or foreign nation to meddle with the sacred country.

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Speaker 1: So gray he put forth some armistice terms, but both

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Speaker 1: Hecka and his ally Kwiti rejected. Finally, everything came to

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Speaker 1: a head on January eleven, eighty six. Once again the

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Speaker 1: two sides have been fighting, but the British side had

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Speaker 1: had trouble penetrating Hecke's paw. As usual, the paw was

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Speaker 1: just so I mean, that's how the series of battles

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Speaker 1: kind of went throughout this whole war, is, you know,

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Speaker 1: traveling from one paw to another and attacking, and they

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Speaker 1: just had trouble getting through. But they hit a stroke

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Speaker 1: of luck on this particular day because it was a Sunday.

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Speaker 1: And as we know, heck A was Christian and many

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Speaker 1: of the Maori who were fighting for him were also Christian.

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Speaker 1: So the story that's generally accepted here is that Heckay

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Speaker 1: or perhaps Kawiti, we're not sure which one. Different accounts

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Speaker 1: have different ones as the instigator here, but one of

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Speaker 1: them led a bunch of warriors out for a church

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Speaker 1: service in a nearby valley, and they left the PA

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Speaker 1: virtually unprotected when they did this. So when Gray's Kopapa

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Speaker 1: allies heard them singing hymns out in this valley, he

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Speaker 1: sees the moment to attack, killed off several Mayori and

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Speaker 1: drove the rest of them off. So this is a

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Speaker 1: pretty weak picture of Britain here if they're attacking while

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Speaker 1: the theories off, they weren't a church where they know um,

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Speaker 1: and you were mentioning earlier that people have different accounts

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Speaker 1: of that too, whether there was some other reason for

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Speaker 1: them to to be leaving the paw, maybe to get food.

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Speaker 1: But yeah, there's some historians that think that they might

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Speaker 1: have left for another reason and that it might have

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Speaker 1: been unlikely that they would have just left for church.

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Speaker 1: But I think it makes a good story to think that.

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Speaker 1: It does make a good story, and it does seem, uh,

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Speaker 1: it does seem within the character of one heck A

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Speaker 1: to to do that, to to think about attending services

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Speaker 1: in the middle of battle, essentially it does. So after this,

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Speaker 1: Gray makes peace with Hannah Hecke and the other rebel

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Speaker 1: chiefs through an intermediary Nana, and Gray pardons the chiefs.

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Speaker 1: At this point, he doesn't insist on confiscating their land,

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Speaker 1: so really things kind of work out kind of neatly there.

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Speaker 1: They don't really get any harsh punishment that we know of. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: even though they're technically defeated. And interestingly, Hecke's status didn't

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Speaker 1: really diminish much either. He kept on writing letters hoping

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Speaker 1: that Britain would continue to honor the treaty, or rather

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Speaker 1: finally start honoring the treaty, and he eventually died of

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Speaker 1: tuberculosis on August six fifty, which is another surprise in

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Speaker 1: this podcast. You're expecting this leader of a rebellion to

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Speaker 1: Diane war Diane war or or be executed or be

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Speaker 1: imprisoned or something, but tuberculous is um. But the tensions

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Speaker 1: don't really stop up there, No they don't. Hanah Gay's

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Speaker 1: rebellion is really just the beginning. It just sets the

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Speaker 1: stage for another longer war that begins in eighteen sixty

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Speaker 1: and this war is known as the New Zealand Wars.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes it's called the Land Wars or the Mayori Wars.

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Speaker 1: But it just starts a new chapter. So I think

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Speaker 1: we're probably going to end of the air just in

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Speaker 1: case there are some other stories that we want to

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Speaker 1: tell from there in the future. There's some other interesting

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Speaker 1: characters involved that you guys might want to hear about,

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Speaker 1: so we'll save that definitely. So I think that about

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Speaker 1: wraps it up for now for the Mayori, and it

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Speaker 1: brings us to listener mail. This letter is from Jana

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Speaker 1: in Newfoundland, and she says, Hello, Sarah and Dablina. You

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Speaker 1: mentioned mumming in your Oliver Cromwell podcast. Well, I'm from

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Speaker 1: Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada, where we have many small

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Speaker 1: towns with old traditions that we still do today. We

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Speaker 1: still every Christmas go out mumming. We dress up with

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Speaker 1: silly clothing on, often with rubber boots, underwear on over

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Speaker 1: our clothing and a pillowcases over our heads. Then we

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Speaker 1: go door to door and have people guess who the

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Speaker 1: dressed up people are. Mummers who are over legal age

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Speaker 1: get to drink liquor, and underage get to drink a thick,

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Speaker 1: sweet drink of raspberry syrup and water. Mummers also usually

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Speaker 1: have a dance or a jig with the people in

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Speaker 1: the house. It's a wonderful fund and something I love

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Speaker 1: every year. There's also a song written by new Findler

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Speaker 1: about the tradition that I will post on your Facebook wall.

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Speaker 1: So I haven't noticed that yet, but we'll have to

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Speaker 1: check for that, Sarah. Definitely, And it's interesting. We got

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Speaker 1: so many emails about momm ng. We did a lot

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Speaker 1: from the Philadelphia area. I think you're right. The alive

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Speaker 1: is the tradition is still alive and kicking. Definitely. Well.

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Speaker 1: I guess that about wraps it up. If you want to,

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Speaker 1: I don't share any more mumming stories you might have

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Speaker 1: or contribute anything else to our discussion of the Mayori.

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Speaker 1: You can find us on Twitter at Misston History, on Facebook,

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Speaker 1: and through good old email at history podcast at how

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Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. Yeah, and if you want to

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Speaker 1: find out more about the Mayori, as Sarah mentioned earlier,

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Speaker 1: we have How the Mayori Works on our website. You

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Speaker 1: can look at it by typing Mayori on our homepage

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Speaker 1: at www dot how stuff works dot com. For more

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Speaker 1: on this and thousands of other topics, is it how

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Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. To learn more about the podcast,

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Speaker 1: click on the podcast icon in the upper right corner

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Speaker 1: of our homepage. The how stuff Works iPhone app has

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Speaker 1: a ride Download it today on iTunes,