WEBVTT - Relax and Win from Legacy of Speed 0:00:15.356 --> 0:00:15.796 Pushkin. 0:00:18.396 --> 0:00:21.796 Hello, Hello Revisionist history listeners. I'm so excited to bring 0:00:21.836 --> 0:00:25.796 you Season seven in just two short weeks. Until then, 0:00:25.996 --> 0:00:28.876 I wanted to share another podcast with you that I've 0:00:28.876 --> 0:00:32.876 been working on. It's a new show called Legacy of Speed. 0:00:33.276 --> 0:00:36.636 As any loyal revisionist history listener knows, I'm totally crazy 0:00:36.636 --> 0:00:40.156 about running. So when Tracksmith approached Pushkin to make a 0:00:40.156 --> 0:00:43.036 show about running in sports activism, I was all in. 0:00:43.556 --> 0:00:46.236 Legacy of Speed is a series about the transformation of 0:00:46.276 --> 0:00:49.276 a track program at San Jose State in the nineteen sixties. 0:00:49.996 --> 0:00:53.076 What started out as just a second tier state college 0:00:53.156 --> 0:00:56.516 that no one outside of northern California had even heard of, 0:00:57.116 --> 0:01:00.516 quickly became known as the home to Speed City. Under 0:01:00.556 --> 0:01:04.036 the guidance of one coach and his unconventional techniques, San 0:01:04.116 --> 0:01:07.916 Jose launched the careers of the fastest sprinters of the day. 0:01:08.516 --> 0:01:10.996 I traced the journey of those sprinters who went on 0:01:11.116 --> 0:01:13.956 to make an iconic protest at the nineteen sixty eight 0:01:14.036 --> 0:01:19.516 Summer Olympics. The show features conversations with Olympic athletes, sports journalists, 0:01:19.676 --> 0:01:23.396 performance coaches, and documentarians. You'll hear from some of the 0:01:23.436 --> 0:01:28.156 best runners of all time. Tommy Smith, John Carlos, Lee Evans. 0:01:28.676 --> 0:01:31.396 It's a story about athletes who dare to take a 0:01:31.436 --> 0:01:34.996 stand and the mentors who made them fast and brave 0:01:35.116 --> 0:01:38.596 enough to pave the way for the sports activism we 0:01:38.716 --> 0:01:42.156 see today. Here's a preview. You can follow the story 0:01:42.636 --> 0:01:46.796 by searching for Legacy of Speed wherever you get your podcasts. 0:01:48.036 --> 0:01:51.716 Nineteen sixty eight, the Summer Olympic Games are in Mexico 0:01:51.796 --> 0:01:55.196 City for the first time. The Games are truly a 0:01:55.276 --> 0:01:59.276 television spectacle, twice as many hours of coverage with new 0:01:59.356 --> 0:02:04.636 technology like instant replay, and it's being broadcast live around 0:02:04.676 --> 0:02:08.716 the world in color. Everyone is watching. 0:02:09.596 --> 0:02:12.556 The United States leads the Olympics and Metal Awards, and 0:02:12.796 --> 0:02:15.836 is just about supreme in the sprint races thanks to 0:02:15.876 --> 0:02:18.316 men like Tommy Smith and John Carlos. 0:02:18.916 --> 0:02:22.276 Tommy Smith John Carlos, two of the greatest sprinters of 0:02:22.276 --> 0:02:25.636 all time, captured in one of the most iconic images 0:02:25.716 --> 0:02:30.436 of the twentieth century, two black men standing on a platform, 0:02:30.476 --> 0:02:32.316 each with a fist in the air. 0:02:33.516 --> 0:02:37.316 Yesterday they stood on the victory platform with bowed heads, 0:02:37.396 --> 0:02:40.796 wearing black socks and gloves and a racial protest. 0:02:49.036 --> 0:02:51.236 I remember seeing that photo as a kid growing up 0:02:51.276 --> 0:02:54.556 in the nineteen seventies, a kid who was obsessed with sports, 0:02:55.116 --> 0:02:57.476 And even though I was much too young to understand 0:02:57.516 --> 0:03:00.956 anything about the context for it, I understood that it 0:03:00.996 --> 0:03:05.316 was an act of transgression. Over the next five episodes, 0:03:05.556 --> 0:03:08.636 I want to tell you the story behind that transgression, 0:03:09.396 --> 0:03:11.796 how those two men ended up on the victory stand, 0:03:12.276 --> 0:03:16.316 their struggles and triumphs, because in that moment half a 0:03:16.356 --> 0:03:19.716 century ago, the way we think about sports and social 0:03:19.756 --> 0:03:24.196 protest shifted forever in ways that we are still wrestling 0:03:24.236 --> 0:03:29.036 with today. Two extraordinary figures made that iconic moment possible. 0:03:29.596 --> 0:03:33.956 One Bud Winter, an eccentric tactician who reinvented what it 0:03:33.996 --> 0:03:39.636 meant to be a coach. The other Harry Edwards, a 0:03:39.756 --> 0:03:43.636 fiery professor and black power activist who dared to challenge 0:03:43.916 --> 0:03:49.716 that most sacred of American institutions. And here's the remarkable thing. 0:03:50.436 --> 0:03:53.436 All four of those men, those two runners, the professor 0:03:53.636 --> 0:03:57.396 and the coach, came from the same place, a second 0:03:57.396 --> 0:04:01.396 tier state college that no one outside of northern California 0:04:01.756 --> 0:04:06.236 had ever heard of, San Jose State, or as it 0:04:06.316 --> 0:04:14.556 was known back then, Speeds City. I'm Malcolm Gladwell. This 0:04:14.756 --> 0:04:18.396 is Legacy of Speed, a story about athletes who dared 0:04:18.396 --> 0:04:20.916 to take a stand and the visionaries who made them 0:04:20.956 --> 0:04:33.076 fast enough and brave enough to change the world. In 0:04:33.116 --> 0:04:37.276 the nineteen sixties, Silicon Valley was not yet called Silicon Valley. 0:04:37.796 --> 0:04:41.396 That nickname wouldn't come until the early nineteen seventies. But 0:04:41.476 --> 0:04:44.836 among the Rolling Hills and Citrus Grove south of San Francisco, 0:04:45.236 --> 0:04:49.636 one hundred revolutions had already started to bubble, the microchip, 0:04:49.996 --> 0:04:54.116 the beginnings, the personal computer, the Internet. The Bay Area 0:04:54.476 --> 0:04:58.276 was wide open to innovation and reinvention and anyone who 0:04:58.276 --> 0:05:00.516 had a crazy idea about how to do things better. 0:05:01.796 --> 0:05:04.116 And in the middle of that ferment was a commuter 0:05:04.156 --> 0:05:09.996 school in downtown San Jose. San Jose State State was 0:05:10.036 --> 0:05:13.076 where a coach named Bud Winter held court, and Bud 0:05:13.116 --> 0:05:16.276 Winter is where this story begins. Bud was one of 0:05:16.316 --> 0:05:20.076 the most important coaches of the twentieth century. He invented 0:05:20.396 --> 0:05:25.356 modern sprinting with an unconventional approach that has today become dogma. 0:05:26.516 --> 0:05:28.636 Have you ever watched the way of the fastest man 0:05:28.676 --> 0:05:34.716 in history, the Jamaican sprinter Ussain Bolt, glides down the track, You, Saint. 0:05:34.556 --> 0:05:40.556 Bolt, look at the timeline by night, world record, unruffled, 0:05:41.156 --> 0:05:42.596 calm composed. 0:05:43.356 --> 0:05:45.836 You can credit Bud Winter for the way Bolt ran. 0:05:46.836 --> 0:05:51.116 Bolt's coach was a Bud Winter disciple. Over his career, 0:05:51.436 --> 0:05:55.556 Bud coached one hundred and two All Americans, thirty seven 0:05:55.796 --> 0:06:00.716 world record holders, and twenty Olympians, including Tommy Smith and 0:06:00.796 --> 0:06:04.116 John Carlos, the two sprinters who raised their gloved fists 0:06:04.156 --> 0:06:09.436 in Mexico City. Bud's athletes so completely dominated sprinting the 0:06:09.516 --> 0:06:11.756 people stopped calling the San Jose A team by its 0:06:11.796 --> 0:06:15.716 formal nickname, the Spartans, and just called it Speeds City. 0:06:16.156 --> 0:06:18.636 He was a scrapper. He grew up in a poor 0:06:18.836 --> 0:06:22.516 neighborhood in San Francisco. Yeah, it was right by the zoo. 0:06:22.796 --> 0:06:27.236 That's Kathy Winter, Bud's daughter. Bud Winter was born Lloyd C. 0:06:27.476 --> 0:06:30.436 Winter in nineteen oh nine and grew up in San Francisco. 0:06:31.396 --> 0:06:36.476 Well, his mom was a spitfire Irish woman, and his 0:06:36.516 --> 0:06:41.316 father was a photographer and a very quiet introvert. And 0:06:41.356 --> 0:06:43.956 he lived on the poor side, So I think that's 0:06:43.996 --> 0:06:46.276 why he had such a compassion and a heart for 0:06:46.356 --> 0:06:47.676 people that didn't have money. 0:06:48.076 --> 0:06:52.796 Bud ended up at UC Berkeley. He studied psychology. After college, 0:06:53.036 --> 0:06:55.196 Bud coached football at a high school and then a 0:06:55.276 --> 0:06:58.756 junior college. He was a man of obsessions. He didn't 0:06:58.836 --> 0:07:02.196 just golf. He invented a golf club that he swore 0:07:02.316 --> 0:07:05.516 hit the ball further because he'd exposed it to radiation. 0:07:06.436 --> 0:07:09.716 He didn't just fish, He went fishing around the world. 0:07:10.156 --> 0:07:15.116 He was unkempt, unassuming. He wore mismatched patterns. His clothes 0:07:15.116 --> 0:07:18.596 were often wrinkled. When he traveled, he stuffed his suits 0:07:18.636 --> 0:07:19.556 into a Duffel bag. 0:07:20.236 --> 0:07:23.196 You always seem to have soup or something down his shirt, 0:07:24.636 --> 0:07:27.116 but when you pointed it out, he'd go, you know 0:07:27.156 --> 0:07:30.076 who cares. It just wasn't his priority. 0:07:30.716 --> 0:07:33.556 In nineteen forty one, Bud took a job coaching track 0:07:33.716 --> 0:07:35.836 and freshman football at San Jose State. 0:07:36.396 --> 0:07:40.676 I would say my dad was somewhat absent, and I 0:07:40.716 --> 0:07:43.516 don't say that with negativity in my heart or anything, 0:07:43.596 --> 0:07:47.476 but his whole life was about track and field and 0:07:47.956 --> 0:07:50.916 the guys. We'd be sitting there at the table at dinner, 0:07:51.156 --> 0:07:52.716 and all of a sudden, my dad would get up 0:07:52.756 --> 0:07:54.196 and he would go over to the side and he'd 0:07:54.236 --> 0:07:57.636 start to practice like the shot put. Okay, now he 0:07:57.676 --> 0:07:59.556 wants to tell him to turn his head this way. 0:07:59.916 --> 0:08:01.756 And here we were in the middle of trying to 0:08:01.796 --> 0:08:03.836 tell him a story about what we did at school. 0:08:03.796 --> 0:08:07.276 As a coach. Bud was a teacher, not a screamer. 0:08:07.956 --> 0:08:11.116 The thing that impressed me about Bud he never raised 0:08:11.156 --> 0:08:11.836 his voice. 0:08:11.996 --> 0:08:14.796 This is Ray Norton, one of Bud's athletes. 0:08:14.996 --> 0:08:18.316 And never did I ever hear him use propenity. That's 0:08:18.356 --> 0:08:21.236 pretty unusual for a coach, My high school coach. Is 0:08:21.236 --> 0:08:23.916 all they did yo. They couldn't coach all that they 0:08:23.996 --> 0:08:24.676 was used propetit. 0:08:25.956 --> 0:08:28.796 Bud didn't look like a traditional coach. He didn't sound 0:08:28.836 --> 0:08:31.156 like a traditional coach, and that was all part of 0:08:31.156 --> 0:08:34.836 the charm. Norton remembers the first time he met Bud, 0:08:35.116 --> 0:08:37.236 he was still in high school. He and some of 0:08:37.236 --> 0:08:39.676 his friends who also ran went to a track meet 0:08:39.716 --> 0:08:43.516 at the University of California, Berkeley, the annual showdown between 0:08:43.516 --> 0:08:45.876 the Big Ten and the conference that would become the 0:08:45.916 --> 0:08:46.556 Pac twelve. 0:08:48.356 --> 0:08:50.476 First of all, we snuck in the place and we're 0:08:50.556 --> 0:08:53.236 sitting quietly hoping nobody noticed us. 0:08:53.276 --> 0:08:58.116 You know, Norton and his friends all ran track for 0:08:58.156 --> 0:09:00.996 their high school teams. A couple of them were pretty fast, 0:09:01.316 --> 0:09:03.636 but none of them expected to be recruited by the 0:09:03.676 --> 0:09:07.476 colleges at this meet. It's nineteen fifty five, not too 0:09:07.556 --> 0:09:10.836 many of the big track schools. We're interested in black sprinters. 0:09:12.556 --> 0:09:16.276 We watched the big boys, the collegian guys, and then 0:09:16.316 --> 0:09:19.116 when they left, we kind of eased down on the 0:09:19.196 --> 0:09:22.116 track and got into starting blocks. 0:09:22.636 --> 0:09:24.916 They started to raise each other just for fun. 0:09:27.516 --> 0:09:29.956 We were supposed to be there, obviously, and there were 0:09:29.996 --> 0:09:34.276 several coaches in the stands watching. All of them left 0:09:34.356 --> 0:09:40.596 except one that one was but Winter and but walked 0:09:40.636 --> 0:09:42.876 from the bleachers and then we were in the starting 0:09:42.916 --> 0:09:46.916 blocks and we said, oh god, we've been busted. They're 0:09:46.916 --> 0:09:50.036 going to throw us out of here. And he walked 0:09:50.276 --> 0:09:52.836 real slow, and then he stopped in front of me 0:09:53.196 --> 0:09:55.116 and he said, do you know you could be the 0:09:55.156 --> 0:10:04.356 world's fastest human? And I went k, I wasn't even 0:10:04.396 --> 0:10:07.196 the fastest guy in the starting blocks where he was standing. 0:10:08.396 --> 0:10:10.316 A couple of the high school kids could beat me. 0:10:10.876 --> 0:10:13.836 And they're going, what this coach must be old something. 0:10:16.156 --> 0:10:18.956 At the time, Norton had no idea what Bud saw 0:10:18.996 --> 0:10:21.756 on him. It wasn't until he went to San Jose 0:10:21.836 --> 0:10:24.796 State that he understood that Bud had turned the science 0:10:24.796 --> 0:10:26.476 of sprinting on its head. 0:10:27.076 --> 0:10:30.476 I was six three sprinters are like five eight, five, nine, 0:10:30.596 --> 0:10:32.996 five ten. What he saw is that I had a 0:10:33.076 --> 0:10:37.276 natural relaxation mode. I did string what I ran and 0:10:37.316 --> 0:10:41.516 the other kids did. He could teach me the relaxation mode, 0:10:41.556 --> 0:10:42.436 and I could handle it. 0:10:43.076 --> 0:10:49.036 The relaxation mode shorthand for the complex set of ideas 0:10:49.276 --> 0:10:53.436 at the heart of Bud's philosophy. Coaches for generations had 0:10:53.436 --> 0:10:58.436 stressed the visible application of effort intensity, the grimacing, tightly 0:10:58.476 --> 0:11:01.356 coiled runner, huffing and snorting down the track like a 0:11:01.436 --> 0:11:06.396 runaway plow horse work harder, push, push, push, But Bud's 0:11:06.396 --> 0:11:10.876 thought was, what if that was entirely backward? What if 0:11:10.876 --> 0:11:16.316 the sprinter should be gliding. Norton joined Bud's team in 0:11:16.396 --> 0:11:19.716 nineteen fifty six on a scholarship. He would become a star, 0:11:20.036 --> 0:11:22.956 the first real star of the so called speed city 0:11:23.036 --> 0:11:43.596 era at San Jose State. We'll be right back. Bud 0:11:43.596 --> 0:11:46.716 Winter had his light bulb moment when he first arrived 0:11:46.756 --> 0:11:49.636 at San Jose State. He sat in on a class 0:11:49.676 --> 0:11:53.956 taught by Dorothy Hazeltine Yates. It was about the psychology 0:11:53.956 --> 0:11:57.636 of fighter pilots, an enormously important subject. At the start 0:11:57.636 --> 0:12:01.196 of World War Two. Pilots were suffering from nervous exhaustion, 0:12:01.556 --> 0:12:05.996 burnout breakdowns. They were making fatal errors in combat because 0:12:06.036 --> 0:12:09.116 of the enormous stress they were under. In the class, 0:12:09.556 --> 0:12:12.316 Bud learned about a new approach to tackling the problem, 0:12:12.876 --> 0:12:18.116 teaching the pilot's relaxation techniques. Bud watched as the techniques 0:12:18.116 --> 0:12:21.196 were applied to boxers at San Jose State. This is 0:12:21.196 --> 0:12:24.036 what Bud wrote in his nineteen eighty one book, Relax 0:12:24.116 --> 0:12:29.476 and Win. The results proved not only gratifying in some cases, 0:12:29.676 --> 0:12:34.116 they were amazing to us. Green inexperienced novices very soon 0:12:34.196 --> 0:12:38.716 showed the cool, confident poise of champions. San Jose boxers 0:12:38.916 --> 0:12:46.556 won every bout that season, some spectacularly. At the start 0:12:46.596 --> 0:12:49.476 of the Second World War, Bud enlisted in the Navy, 0:12:50.036 --> 0:12:51.756 and he got a chance to build on what he'd 0:12:51.836 --> 0:12:54.916 learned with Yates's class at San Jose. He was put 0:12:54.956 --> 0:12:57.236 in charge of a research study at a flight school 0:12:57.276 --> 0:13:02.396 in California looking at relaxation training for cadets. It was 0:13:02.436 --> 0:13:04.916 the beginning of what would be a radical transformation in 0:13:04.956 --> 0:13:08.316 the way we think about preparing people for stressful jobs. 0:13:09.276 --> 0:13:12.036 We called up doctor Belisa Vranich to get a little 0:13:12.116 --> 0:13:14.156 one oh one on relaxation techniques. 0:13:14.796 --> 0:13:18.156 So, any tense muscle you have on your body is 0:13:18.276 --> 0:13:23.676 using oxygen, and you need other muscles to be sort 0:13:23.676 --> 0:13:25.716 of prepped and alert and ready to go. 0:13:26.356 --> 0:13:28.956 Brandich is a clinical psychologist who works with lots of 0:13:28.956 --> 0:13:34.236 people in high stressed jobs, law enforcement, firefighters, navy seals, pilots. 0:13:35.076 --> 0:13:38.436 So if your entire body is tense, you are going 0:13:38.476 --> 0:13:40.876 to be using up calories and you're going to be 0:13:40.956 --> 0:13:45.316 using up oxygen. For instance, chess masters burn a tremendous 0:13:45.356 --> 0:13:49.836 amount of calories playing chess, and it's because your brain 0:13:50.156 --> 0:13:53.956 uses so much oxygen. So if you are thinking intense 0:13:53.996 --> 0:13:56.636 and if your body is tense, you're tapping into your 0:13:56.676 --> 0:13:57.476 tank of energy. 0:13:57.996 --> 0:14:00.756 Imagine how quickly you might drain that tank of energy 0:14:00.756 --> 0:14:03.636 in a dog fight, And if you return safely, how 0:14:03.636 --> 0:14:05.836 would you manage to get some sleep so you could 0:14:05.836 --> 0:14:10.276 fight again tomorrow. The solution is to learn how to relax, 0:14:10.996 --> 0:14:14.036 to contain and control your stress. 0:14:14.156 --> 0:14:17.916 Inhale two three four. 0:14:17.796 --> 0:14:22.356 Breathing slowly and deliberately. This is called tactical breathing. 0:14:22.876 --> 0:14:30.516 Inhale, stretch a little bit more, sigh on the exhale, 0:14:30.676 --> 0:14:34.956 and you're ready to go. So your breathing controls your 0:14:34.956 --> 0:14:38.396 heart rate, and your heart rate is your main indicator 0:14:38.436 --> 0:14:41.796 of stress. So when you get stressed out, your heart 0:14:41.916 --> 0:14:45.596 rate goes up, and once it goes past a certain point, 0:14:45.836 --> 0:14:50.236 it affects your motor skills, your fine motor skills, your memory, 0:14:50.756 --> 0:14:55.356 and your ability to perform. So, whether you are working 0:14:55.396 --> 0:14:58.396 in a corporate setting or you're an athlete, you'd like 0:14:58.476 --> 0:15:01.156 your heart rate to be at a place where you 0:15:01.276 --> 0:15:03.396 are calm but alert. 0:15:03.996 --> 0:15:07.356 At the Flight School, Winter study involved two hundred cadets. 0:15:07.716 --> 0:15:11.316 For six weeks, they get tended classes, played sports, and 0:15:11.356 --> 0:15:15.476 took psychological tests. The cadets were split into two groups. 0:15:15.836 --> 0:15:19.636 One was the control group. The other group learned relaxation techniques. 0:15:20.476 --> 0:15:24.796 Bud wrote about the outcome in his book. The relaxation 0:15:24.916 --> 0:15:30.116 group made more significant and even spectacular progress. The greatest 0:15:30.156 --> 0:15:33.916 improvement by the relaxation group was demonstrated in the courses 0:15:33.956 --> 0:15:40.076 that involved the most pressure. When the war was over, 0:15:40.476 --> 0:15:43.196 Bud went back to San Jose staid, and that's when 0:15:43.276 --> 0:15:48.356 he realized if relaxation techniques could help pilots. Surely they 0:15:48.356 --> 0:15:52.516 could also help sprinters. Doctor Belisa Vranich again. 0:15:52.876 --> 0:15:57.836 If you are able to get yourself to breathe well 0:15:57.876 --> 0:16:02.196 mechanically meaning dive framatically, and now you train those muscles 0:16:02.316 --> 0:16:06.996 separate from your sport, it actually affects your times. It 0:16:07.076 --> 0:16:08.676 delays fatigue. 0:16:09.196 --> 0:16:12.396 The problem at the heart of a sprinter's task was pressure. 0:16:13.156 --> 0:16:15.436 They weren't running a marathon where they had two hours 0:16:15.436 --> 0:16:18.396 to settle in and adjust and make up for mistakes 0:16:18.396 --> 0:16:22.556 and misjudgments. One hundred meters sprint is ten seconds, the 0:16:22.556 --> 0:16:26.836 two hundred meters is twenty seconds. The runner must react 0:16:26.876 --> 0:16:30.716 instantly to the gun, run a flawless race, extract every 0:16:30.796 --> 0:16:35.236 ounce of speed from their bodies over an impossibly compressed timeframe. 0:16:36.116 --> 0:16:39.116 The sprinter settling into the blocks before a race was 0:16:39.236 --> 0:16:43.756 under an extraordinary, potentially debilitating amount of pressure, and the 0:16:43.796 --> 0:16:47.996 body's untrained response to that pressure makes the runner slower, 0:16:48.516 --> 0:16:53.676 not faster. Bud realized he needed to fix that problem. 0:16:54.116 --> 0:16:57.316 That idea seems common sense to our ears today, but 0:16:57.396 --> 0:16:58.236 he came from Bud. 0:16:58.876 --> 0:17:03.516 He was really visionary and understanding how important relaxation was 0:17:03.556 --> 0:17:07.636 to performance. Think about it in the forties fifties, or sixties. 0:17:07.676 --> 0:17:10.916 What you were hearing was buck right, and maybe a 0:17:10.956 --> 0:17:13.956 little bit later was no pain, no gain, was pull 0:17:13.996 --> 0:17:17.356 yourself up by your bootstraps. So that he was saying, 0:17:17.556 --> 0:17:23.476 relaxed to perform better was fantastic because it works. 0:17:24.036 --> 0:17:26.916 Ray Norton and other athletes on the track team remember 0:17:26.996 --> 0:17:28.236 Bud and his phrases. 0:17:28.796 --> 0:17:34.316 How do you explain to a sprinter running bull speed 0:17:34.836 --> 0:17:42.076 to relax? Well, you teach them to relax by using 0:17:42.196 --> 0:17:44.636 certain terminologies, mantras. 0:17:44.676 --> 0:17:47.676 Really, they were designed to keep parts of your body relaxed. 0:17:48.356 --> 0:17:50.996 If you ran for Bud, a couple of them were 0:17:51.076 --> 0:17:52.116 burned into your brain. 0:17:55.156 --> 0:17:56.036 Loose hands. 0:17:56.356 --> 0:17:59.516 You never clinch your fists when you're running. Loose jaws, 0:17:59.996 --> 0:18:02.796 but you don't have to open your mouth, but just relax. 0:18:03.276 --> 0:18:07.036 To demonstrate the power of loose hands loose jaws, Bud 0:18:07.036 --> 0:18:10.356 would have his athletes run it tight, straining with effort 0:18:10.516 --> 0:18:21.476 and time them. Then he'd have them run relaxed, their 0:18:21.516 --> 0:18:26.516 hands unclenched, their faces sagging with what Bud called fish lips. 0:18:32.596 --> 0:18:43.196 The stopwatch didn't lie. I spoke with Tommy Smith, one 0:18:43.236 --> 0:18:47.676 of the greatest of all Bud's athletes. Was it difficult 0:18:47.676 --> 0:18:49.796 to master some of the things he was talking about. 0:18:50.076 --> 0:18:51.796 So it was a lot of things that he put 0:18:52.156 --> 0:18:57.876 into a process that we had to understand, and it 0:18:57.956 --> 0:19:02.596 was very difficult at times for us to master the 0:19:02.796 --> 0:19:06.876 usage of the muscles to their maximum without tensing up, 0:19:07.236 --> 0:19:12.236 without overdoing it. The process of too much is not good, 0:19:12.596 --> 0:19:14.356 too little is just as bad. 0:19:14.836 --> 0:19:18.116 And just like the Navy cadets, Bud's athletes also had 0:19:18.116 --> 0:19:22.556 to do visualization exercises. This is Ben Tucker, a distance runner. 0:19:23.036 --> 0:19:27.596 Before each competition, Bud would always call us in on 0:19:27.636 --> 0:19:31.676 the Friday night. This is the night before the event, 0:19:32.876 --> 0:19:37.516 and then he would have us sit in a room, 0:19:39.396 --> 0:19:42.476 turn the lights out, and then we would just sit 0:19:42.556 --> 0:19:47.516 there and he would just talk us through. This is 0:19:47.516 --> 0:19:54.316 the first lap. This is a second lap. And so 0:19:55.036 --> 0:20:00.516 he had us not only strategizing, but he had us 0:20:00.916 --> 0:20:10.316 seeing ourselves. This is the night before. A hypnosis, but 0:20:10.476 --> 0:20:15.236 it's hypnotize on us, but it got into our heads, 0:20:16.276 --> 0:20:17.396 got into our heads. 0:20:21.436 --> 0:20:25.356 But also ran his athletes methodically through drills he'd created, 0:20:25.756 --> 0:20:28.956 like the high knee exercise. The runner marches up and 0:20:28.996 --> 0:20:31.996 down the track, driving one knee after the other high 0:20:32.036 --> 0:20:36.076 into the air. In an exaggerated slow motion version of running. 0:20:36.716 --> 0:20:38.796 That's a real basic of how sprinter's run. 0:20:39.236 --> 0:20:42.516 Doctor Peter wayAnd And studies the biomechanics of sprinting at 0:20:42.516 --> 0:20:47.596 the Locomotive Performance Laboratory at Southern Methodist University, and it's. 0:20:47.436 --> 0:20:51.156 Directly connected to how forcefully the sprinters hit the ground. 0:20:51.156 --> 0:20:53.156 So if you watch a marathon or run, they don't 0:20:53.236 --> 0:20:55.796 run that way. They have kind of a shuffling gait. 0:20:56.196 --> 0:20:59.116 The sprinters punch the track with their limb, so the 0:20:59.196 --> 0:21:00.956 high knee lift allows in the space to get the 0:21:00.996 --> 0:21:03.476 high velocity and then the quick stop. It's like delivering 0:21:03.476 --> 0:21:04.516 a punch to the ground. 0:21:04.956 --> 0:21:07.716 The more force the sprinter can deliver with that leg punch, 0:21:08.196 --> 0:21:11.116 the faster they can get off the ground, which leads 0:21:11.156 --> 0:21:13.916 to a longer, more efficient stride. 0:21:13.956 --> 0:21:16.116 All of the difference in how fast they can run, 0:21:16.236 --> 0:21:19.796 all of the force difference happens during that initial impact period. 0:21:20.276 --> 0:21:22.436 So it's essential that they get the highknee lift and 0:21:22.436 --> 0:21:25.196 that they execute the high velocity and quick stop. That's 0:21:25.196 --> 0:21:26.916 the entire secret right there. 0:21:27.676 --> 0:21:31.476 The innovations, the tinkering, the rethinking, the search for the 0:21:31.516 --> 0:21:33.636 slightest edge never stopped. 0:21:35.956 --> 0:21:38.636 I realized, I said, this is the first genius. I 0:21:38.676 --> 0:21:41.956 remember because his mind was busy of how to make 0:21:42.036 --> 0:21:42.796 us run faster. 0:21:43.756 --> 0:21:46.556 That's Lee Evans, another Abud's greatest sprinters. 0:21:47.596 --> 0:21:50.876 I remember he said, okay, everybody, give me your your shorts, 0:21:52.716 --> 0:21:56.116 and he was punch holes in the back part of 0:21:56.196 --> 0:22:00.916 him so the wind could throw through them better. And 0:22:01.036 --> 0:22:02.836 he said, okay, okay, give me, everybody, give me the 0:22:02.876 --> 0:22:04.636 spikes out of your shoes. We take our spikes on 0:22:04.716 --> 0:22:07.036 get to him, and he would shape them like a 0:22:07.076 --> 0:22:11.796 pyramid so that the real part would get more push off. 0:22:12.156 --> 0:22:14.876 He was always thinking of waye to take off a 0:22:14.996 --> 0:22:18.756 tenth or one hundredths of a second, and I never 0:22:18.796 --> 0:22:21.436 had a coach to you'd be concerned about little minor 0:22:21.556 --> 0:22:22.276 details like that. 0:22:34.876 --> 0:22:37.516 At the heart of the Bud Winter Revolution is that 0:22:37.556 --> 0:22:40.836 he saw his role as cultivating the talent of his athletes. 0:22:41.276 --> 0:22:44.996 He took raw clay and molded it. That is not 0:22:45.036 --> 0:22:48.276 how coaches saw their role in those years. The traditional 0:22:48.316 --> 0:22:54.396 coach exploited talent. The distinction between cultivation and exploitation is crucial. 0:22:54.996 --> 0:23:01.156 Coaches of that era were motivators, recruiters, tacticians. Coaches took 0:23:01.196 --> 0:23:04.636 what they were given and put it to use. Bud 0:23:04.956 --> 0:23:07.716 was one of the first modern coaches who understood that 0:23:07.796 --> 0:23:10.996 a coach's job was to make you facture elite performance 0:23:11.356 --> 0:23:16.516 systematically and methodically, not just shepherd it into existence. The 0:23:16.516 --> 0:23:20.156 most successful of the coaches of the contemporary age, Bill 0:23:20.156 --> 0:23:23.956 Belichick and football, Phil Jackson and Pat Summit and basketball 0:23:24.156 --> 0:23:27.756 are in many ways Bud's disciples. When a coach wins 0:23:27.836 --> 0:23:31.476 again and again in different places and with different athletes, 0:23:31.716 --> 0:23:35.476 it means they have crossed the line from exploitation to cultivation. 0:23:36.276 --> 0:23:42.796 Bud was the profit of that movement. Bud held coaching 0:23:42.836 --> 0:23:46.116 clinics NonStop. He wrote a how to manual, So You 0:23:46.156 --> 0:23:48.516 Want to Be a Sprinter that became a must read 0:23:48.756 --> 0:23:52.876 for coaches and athletes alike. In it, two cartoon sprinters 0:23:53.036 --> 0:23:55.716 helped demonstrate the right way and the wrong way to 0:23:55.796 --> 0:24:00.396 execute Bud's techniques. Their names were Jack Champ and Joe Chump. 0:24:00.996 --> 0:24:04.636 Their coach is a Bud like figure named Igor Beaver. 0:24:05.436 --> 0:24:09.116 Get it egor Beaver. He eventually made a fifteen minute 0:24:09.196 --> 0:24:11.836 instructional film that he shot at San Jose State. 0:24:12.476 --> 0:24:15.556 Coach Winter believes that the sprinter should undergo a special drill. 0:24:16.156 --> 0:24:18.556 Members of Bud's team appeared in the film, which was 0:24:18.556 --> 0:24:20.836 called sprinting with Bud Winter. 0:24:20.916 --> 0:24:24.796 Bohm action is powerful, but it is also relaxed. The 0:24:24.916 --> 0:24:28.236 run of things, of driving his elbows, the hands are loose. 0:24:28.876 --> 0:24:33.076 Ray Norton was his first major recruit. In nineteen fifty eight, 0:24:33.436 --> 0:24:35.756 Norton tied the world record for the one hundred yard 0:24:35.836 --> 0:24:39.116 dash with a time of nine point three seconds. The 0:24:39.156 --> 0:24:42.156 only other Americans that held that record were from big 0:24:42.196 --> 0:24:47.316 schools like USC and COL. That same year, Budd added 0:24:47.396 --> 0:24:50.276 another star to his team. This one was shorter in 0:24:50.316 --> 0:24:54.236 stock here, a more traditional looking sprinter. Bob Pointer was 0:24:54.236 --> 0:24:57.116 a high school state champion from Pasadena who had his 0:24:57.196 --> 0:25:00.916 heart set on USC. He went to junior college trying 0:25:00.916 --> 0:25:04.276 to study his way onto the USC track team. Meanwhile, 0:25:04.636 --> 0:25:06.916 Bud kept sending him letters. 0:25:06.716 --> 0:25:08.196 That kind of thrilled me, you know, in fact that 0:25:08.316 --> 0:25:09.716 somebody for you tented to you. 0:25:10.156 --> 0:25:12.756 Eithers started to pay attention to San Jose State too. 0:25:13.436 --> 0:25:16.236 It drew crowds from you know, the Bay area and 0:25:17.236 --> 0:25:19.596 all around because Bud would promote the heck out of 0:25:19.876 --> 0:25:23.596 attract meet and we got an invitation to go to 0:25:23.636 --> 0:25:25.316 the pen relays. Well, I didn't even know where that 0:25:25.516 --> 0:25:28.716 was because I'd never been back east in my life. 0:25:29.276 --> 0:25:31.956 The Penn Relays in Philadelphia are the oldest track and 0:25:31.956 --> 0:25:35.916 field event in the United States, a massive international carnival 0:25:35.916 --> 0:25:36.756 of track and field. 0:25:37.316 --> 0:25:42.356 So Ray and I went and we won all the 0:25:42.396 --> 0:25:45.676 stuff back east, and people back there they hadn't heard 0:25:45.676 --> 0:25:48.796 the sounds. They used to pronounce its San Josie and say, 0:25:48.916 --> 0:25:50.596 those guys from San Jose, And they thought it was 0:25:50.956 --> 0:25:55.676 a black college because we had gold uniforms and most 0:25:55.676 --> 0:25:58.916 of the kids were African Americans. But what that did? 0:25:59.076 --> 0:26:01.276 That put Soundly State on the map. 0:26:01.756 --> 0:26:04.156 Bud was doing all of this with a minuscule budget 0:26:04.316 --> 0:26:06.716 out of state college that when he arrived didn't even 0:26:06.716 --> 0:26:07.556