1 00:00:03,520 --> 00:00:08,479 Speaker 1: Santiago is the Stadio Nacional. It's normally a cauldron of sound, 2 00:00:09,119 --> 00:00:13,920 Speaker 1: a NonStop, throbbing sea of red as Chileans cheer on 3 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:18,680 Speaker 1: their national team La Roja. When the Chilean national team 4 00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:21,440 Speaker 1: is playing. I mean, it could be a World Cup match, 5 00:00:21,880 --> 00:00:24,360 Speaker 1: it could be a Cope America match, it could be 6 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:28,600 Speaker 1: a friendly, an exhibition, and it is like a national holiday, 7 00:00:29,120 --> 00:00:32,280 Speaker 1: a World Cup qualifying match in a soccer mad country 8 00:00:32,280 --> 00:00:38,120 Speaker 1: like Chile. But even the most festive holidays to shame, wild, emotional, 9 00:00:38,240 --> 00:00:42,479 Speaker 1: full of anxious anticipation. So you would have expected a 10 00:00:42,600 --> 00:00:47,680 Speaker 1: Studio Nacional to be erupting this November day in at 11 00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:51,840 Speaker 1: stake for Chile a final spot in the upcoming FIFA 12 00:00:51,920 --> 00:00:58,560 Speaker 1: World Cup. But the stadium was practically empty. It's wooden benches, barren. 13 00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:04,080 Speaker 1: The utter absence of fans of voices was a testament 14 00:01:04,120 --> 00:01:09,160 Speaker 1: to the absurdity of the situation that was unfolding. Samuel 15 00:01:09,160 --> 00:01:12,200 Speaker 1: Galvez remembers watching the game at home on a black 16 00:01:12,200 --> 00:01:16,399 Speaker 1: and white TV that was unbelievable. Was supposed to be 17 00:01:16,680 --> 00:01:20,440 Speaker 1: the stadium full of people, but nothing like that happened, 18 00:01:21,120 --> 00:01:26,440 Speaker 1: Nothing like that happened. Oh my goodness, Dressed in their 19 00:01:26,440 --> 00:01:30,520 Speaker 1: traditional red tops and royal blue shorts, the eleven members 20 00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:34,160 Speaker 1: of Laroja were ready to go. They lined up at 21 00:01:34,200 --> 00:01:37,880 Speaker 1: the center of the field. The Chilean national anthem blared 22 00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:44,240 Speaker 1: over the speaker system. The players seemed relaxed, confidently waving 23 00:01:44,280 --> 00:01:47,520 Speaker 1: to the few thousand supporters that had turned out. It 24 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:51,320 Speaker 1: was a perfect South American summer day for soccer. The 25 00:01:51,320 --> 00:01:56,400 Speaker 1: only thing missing the other team, the eleven players from 26 00:01:56,400 --> 00:02:01,280 Speaker 1: the Soviet Union. We're nowhere to be seen. Now. You 27 00:02:01,360 --> 00:02:03,920 Speaker 1: might think you need an opposing team to play a 28 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:08,080 Speaker 1: World Cup qualifying match FIFA in ninety three, It turns 29 00:02:08,120 --> 00:02:12,120 Speaker 1: out did not so. In the referee blew his whistle. 30 00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:16,920 Speaker 1: The Chilean team made nine passes. None were particularly crisp 31 00:02:17,240 --> 00:02:21,120 Speaker 1: or under control. The Chilean squad looked like a group 32 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:24,359 Speaker 1: of friends at a park. If you watch the video, 33 00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:28,560 Speaker 1: you can almost see them giggling at the bizarre kabuki 34 00:02:28,680 --> 00:02:32,000 Speaker 1: theater they were acting out as they casually worked the 35 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:36,760 Speaker 1: ball across midfield and deep into their opponent's territory. The 36 00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:42,200 Speaker 1: Chilean captain, Francisco Valdez, ever so calmly kicks the ball 37 00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:47,400 Speaker 1: into the unguarded net Just thirty seconds after the opening kickoff, 38 00:02:48,160 --> 00:02:51,280 Speaker 1: the referee blew his whistle and called the match. The 39 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:57,480 Speaker 1: game was over. The scoreboard made it official. Chile one 40 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:02,760 Speaker 1: the Soviet Union nil for the first time in nearly 41 00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:07,600 Speaker 1: a decade. La Roja was heading back to the World Cup. Yea, 42 00:03:09,240 --> 00:03:12,280 Speaker 1: I've never seen anything like that since. You know, a 43 00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:15,480 Speaker 1: team have to score a goal without the opponents on 44 00:03:15,520 --> 00:03:19,240 Speaker 1: the pitch, and that's how it ended. And this, you know, 45 00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:24,720 Speaker 1: weirdest forfeit ever. Chilean American John Gonzalez says the absurdity 46 00:03:24,760 --> 00:03:27,640 Speaker 1: of the match is etched in his mind when we 47 00:03:27,680 --> 00:03:30,240 Speaker 1: talk about the situation with the Soviet Union. That was 48 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:34,440 Speaker 1: a political event, that was something that was beyond the sport. 49 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:40,480 Speaker 1: Chile's military dictator, General Augusto Pinochet was no doubt celebrating 50 00:03:41,440 --> 00:03:45,320 Speaker 1: his brutal regime had dodged the bullet all thanks to 51 00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:49,080 Speaker 1: the lords of soccer. To understand what led to this 52 00:03:49,200 --> 00:03:53,320 Speaker 1: empty net goal, this force of a World Cup qualifying match, 53 00:03:53,920 --> 00:03:56,280 Speaker 1: and why FIFA pimped out one of its games to 54 00:03:56,320 --> 00:03:59,840 Speaker 1: prop up a violent authoritarian regime, you have to go 55 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:04,560 Speaker 1: back a few years before sports and global politics met 56 00:04:04,600 --> 00:04:11,440 Speaker 1: on the pitch in Santiago. I'm Connor Powell. This is 57 00:04:11,480 --> 00:04:20,719 Speaker 1: episode seven, Seeing No Evil. On this faithful September morning, 58 00:04:21,160 --> 00:04:24,680 Speaker 1: the buses in Santiago were more crowded than usual. The 59 00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:28,599 Speaker 1: passengers were in a foul mood, nudging and pushing each 60 00:04:28,640 --> 00:04:32,080 Speaker 1: other for a little extra space. Some even hitched the 61 00:04:32,160 --> 00:04:36,280 Speaker 1: ride on the outside, standing on the buses bumper comfort 62 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:40,360 Speaker 1: at the expense of safety. A nationwide strike had been 63 00:04:40,440 --> 00:04:44,159 Speaker 1: called in the summer of three by truckers, taxi drivers, 64 00:04:44,480 --> 00:04:48,880 Speaker 1: and middle class shopkeepers. The transportation system was paralyzed, the 65 00:04:48,920 --> 00:04:53,720 Speaker 1: economy was a wreck. Chileans were fed up and frustrated. 66 00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:59,880 Speaker 1: The country was broke. No food, no mail, no nothing. 67 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:05,200 Speaker 1: That's Samuel Galvez, an American Spanish language radio host who 68 00:05:05,200 --> 00:05:08,360 Speaker 1: grew up in Chile as a teenager. He remembers his 69 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:12,760 Speaker 1: homeland as a stable, middle class country, and yes, they 70 00:05:12,760 --> 00:05:16,600 Speaker 1: were passionate about soccer. Chili had its problems, of course. 71 00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:20,640 Speaker 1: Outside the capital Santiago, the country was poor and what 72 00:05:20,720 --> 00:05:25,440 Speaker 1: wealth there was was distributed unevenly. But it wasn't an 73 00:05:25,480 --> 00:05:29,479 Speaker 1: economic basket case or political tinder box either, but it 74 00:05:29,520 --> 00:05:32,920 Speaker 1: had become one by v three with a little outside help. 75 00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:37,320 Speaker 1: The strike causing The traffic on this particular September morning 76 00:05:37,680 --> 00:05:42,560 Speaker 1: was aimed squarely the Socialist government of President Salvador Allende. 77 00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:48,960 Speaker 1: The Doctor Agende was a very nice politician, but west 78 00:05:49,080 --> 00:05:53,039 Speaker 1: nice when he was in the opposition. When he took 79 00:05:53,040 --> 00:05:58,440 Speaker 1: the power, that was a mess, absolutely a mess. Allende 80 00:05:58,480 --> 00:06:01,040 Speaker 1: had been elected three years early on a promise to 81 00:06:01,160 --> 00:06:05,120 Speaker 1: redistribute wealth more fairly. The Soviet Union had sensed a 82 00:06:05,160 --> 00:06:09,560 Speaker 1: new potential ally in the Americas, they made overtures, and 83 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:13,600 Speaker 1: almost overnight Moscow and Washington opened a new fronts in 84 00:06:13,640 --> 00:06:18,680 Speaker 1: their Cold War. But Allende's agenda was struggling. You cannot 85 00:06:18,880 --> 00:06:24,599 Speaker 1: buy uh, cigarettes, bread, moder anything except if you have 86 00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:31,720 Speaker 1: the ration card. That's that was very difficult. To tackle inequality, 87 00:06:32,160 --> 00:06:35,200 Speaker 1: Allende created new food and health programs for the poor, 88 00:06:35,680 --> 00:06:37,960 Speaker 1: similar to the ones launched by his good friend Fidel 89 00:06:38,080 --> 00:06:43,159 Speaker 1: Castro in Cuba. Allende expanded a plan to redistribute land 90 00:06:43,279 --> 00:06:47,400 Speaker 1: to rural families and a nationalized key industries like copper 91 00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:51,440 Speaker 1: mining and banking. These sectors had long been dominated by 92 00:06:51,440 --> 00:06:56,680 Speaker 1: American and European companies, and these masters of industry seethed 93 00:06:57,200 --> 00:07:01,640 Speaker 1: at Allende's audacity. They warned that the Marxists would soon 94 00:07:01,720 --> 00:07:12,320 Speaker 1: control not just Chile but all of South America. Allende 95 00:07:12,680 --> 00:07:16,840 Speaker 1: is really screwing us. Now, that's US President Richard Nixon. 96 00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:20,520 Speaker 1: He and his Secretary of State Henry Kissinger saw pretty 97 00:07:20,600 --> 00:07:24,520 Speaker 1: much everything that was an American style capitalism as a 98 00:07:24,560 --> 00:07:29,320 Speaker 1: warning sign of creeping communism. The Soviets, they feared, were 99 00:07:29,360 --> 00:07:33,520 Speaker 1: always lurking around the corner. If Allende should win the 100 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:38,720 Speaker 1: election in Chile and then you have Castro in Cuba, 101 00:07:39,680 --> 00:07:43,240 Speaker 1: what you will in effect have in Latin America is 102 00:07:43,280 --> 00:07:49,040 Speaker 1: a red sandwich, and eventually it'll all be read. Kissinger 103 00:07:49,240 --> 00:07:52,640 Speaker 1: urged Nixon to move against Allende. I would go to 104 00:07:52,720 --> 00:07:59,120 Speaker 1: a confrontation. According to historian Brenda Elsie, Nixon took the 105 00:07:59,160 --> 00:08:04,080 Speaker 1: advice the United States government, particularly Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon, 106 00:08:04,160 --> 00:08:10,400 Speaker 1: immediately start to plan a coup attempt. The CIA began 107 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:15,200 Speaker 1: funneling millions of dollars to Chilean opposition groups, encouraging strikes 108 00:08:15,280 --> 00:08:19,800 Speaker 1: to destabilize the country. Nixon vowed to make the Chilean economy, 109 00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:24,440 Speaker 1: in his own words, scream by the morning of September eleven, 110 00:08:25,360 --> 00:08:30,360 Speaker 1: seventy three. That faithful September morning, most of Chile was 111 00:08:30,400 --> 00:08:33,760 Speaker 1: in a foul mood, and like the passengers crammed into 112 00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:38,079 Speaker 1: those overflowing buses, their elbows were growing sharp. And that's 113 00:08:38,080 --> 00:08:41,800 Speaker 1: when had happened. And then on September eleventh, nine three, 114 00:08:42,280 --> 00:08:52,080 Speaker 1: there's a bombardment of the presidential Palace. La Moneda Air 115 00:08:52,120 --> 00:08:55,080 Speaker 1: Force planes flew low over the presidential Palace and dropped 116 00:08:55,080 --> 00:08:58,280 Speaker 1: their bombs with deadly accuracy. In the early hours of 117 00:08:58,360 --> 00:09:03,320 Speaker 1: September eleven, the Chilean military had seized control of the 118 00:09:03,400 --> 00:09:07,560 Speaker 1: TV and radio stations throughout the country. The general's demanded 119 00:09:07,720 --> 00:09:13,000 Speaker 1: Allende resign. The socialist president's economic policies had been shredded, 120 00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:17,600 Speaker 1: in part by a not so covert Cia campaign, but 121 00:09:17,679 --> 00:09:20,760 Speaker 1: even after the bombs dropped, he refused to hand over 122 00:09:20,840 --> 00:09:25,480 Speaker 1: power as tanks and soldiers supporting the military coup took 123 00:09:25,480 --> 00:09:28,480 Speaker 1: control of the streets of Santiago. I end A made 124 00:09:28,720 --> 00:09:39,240 Speaker 1: one last radio address, long long lived, the people, long 125 00:09:39,320 --> 00:09:44,760 Speaker 1: moved the workers. On my last words, Salvadora Yende talks 126 00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:49,520 Speaker 1: about the tragedy of democracy being destroyed, that he still 127 00:09:49,559 --> 00:09:54,720 Speaker 1: has faith in workers in the working class. By four pm, 128 00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:58,840 Speaker 1: the streets of Santiago were quiet. Soldiers controlled all the 129 00:09:58,960 --> 00:10:03,000 Speaker 1: key spots the mill. Harry was now in charge Presidential palace. 130 00:10:03,080 --> 00:10:07,440 Speaker 1: Bomb that day continued to burn. The pungent smell of 131 00:10:07,480 --> 00:10:11,520 Speaker 1: the day's violence, burnt carbon and metallic sulfur. You know 132 00:10:11,600 --> 00:10:15,880 Speaker 1: what if you've smelled it lingered over the city. Then 133 00:10:16,200 --> 00:10:21,520 Speaker 1: came the news and SALVADORI and dies. A witness claims 134 00:10:21,520 --> 00:10:23,720 Speaker 1: he took his own life with an a K forty 135 00:10:23,760 --> 00:10:27,280 Speaker 1: seven given to him by Fidel Castro, but no one 136 00:10:27,360 --> 00:10:31,920 Speaker 1: really knows. As quick and violent as the coup had been, 137 00:10:32,640 --> 00:10:36,560 Speaker 1: its brutality was nothing compared to what was about to happen. 138 00:10:44,160 --> 00:10:47,880 Speaker 1: In the days following the coup, soldiers rounded up thousands 139 00:10:47,880 --> 00:10:53,960 Speaker 1: of Chileans, workers, students, politicians, and artists who were arrested 140 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:59,680 Speaker 1: and imprisoned. In the fall of it was dangerous to 141 00:10:59,679 --> 00:11:04,640 Speaker 1: be a supporter of Salvador, and military death squads roamed 142 00:11:04,679 --> 00:11:13,200 Speaker 1: the country. Chileans were arrested in mass imprisoned, killed in Santiago. 143 00:11:13,920 --> 00:11:17,040 Speaker 1: Bodies floated in the currents of the Mapocho River each morning, 144 00:11:17,840 --> 00:11:22,200 Speaker 1: victims of killings. The night before, the US race to 145 00:11:22,240 --> 00:11:27,120 Speaker 1: recognize the new ruling military junta led by General Augusto Pinochet, 146 00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:32,240 Speaker 1: Samuel Galvez remembers the confusion and horror each day brought, 147 00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:38,000 Speaker 1: and the desperation people felt trying to stay alive. Suspicion 148 00:11:38,040 --> 00:11:41,880 Speaker 1: was everywhere. Chileans were forced to whisper to each other, 149 00:11:42,320 --> 00:11:45,760 Speaker 1: hoping to clean any shred of information about a missing 150 00:11:45,760 --> 00:11:49,640 Speaker 1: neighbor or family member. Hey, do you know that guy 151 00:11:49,679 --> 00:11:53,360 Speaker 1: who used to leave at that corner? The Secret Service 152 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:56,040 Speaker 1: came and took it, and we don't know what's going on. 153 00:11:56,160 --> 00:12:00,240 Speaker 1: That's the issue. The main issue among the many who 154 00:12:00,240 --> 00:12:03,240 Speaker 1: were arrested in the days after September eleven was the 155 00:12:03,240 --> 00:12:07,520 Speaker 1: famous Chilean folk singer Victor Horror. His hands were smashed, 156 00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:11,600 Speaker 1: his interrogators mocked him. They demanded he played the guitar 157 00:12:11,679 --> 00:12:16,920 Speaker 1: with his mangled fingers. Horra defiant until the end, instead 158 00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:19,520 Speaker 1: sang a Chilean protest song at the top of his 159 00:12:19,640 --> 00:12:32,960 Speaker 1: longest Horror's body, riddled with bullet wounds, was dumped and 160 00:12:33,000 --> 00:12:40,880 Speaker 1: displayed outside of sports arena stadiums throughout the country, overflowed 161 00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:46,280 Speaker 1: with prisoners, their lights always on, the screams piercing the 162 00:12:46,320 --> 00:12:49,040 Speaker 1: US back regime. They didn't even try to hide what 163 00:12:49,080 --> 00:12:52,679 Speaker 1: was happening, The military government in Chile said today it 164 00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:56,480 Speaker 1: executed six so called extremists over the weekend and promised 165 00:12:56,480 --> 00:12:59,800 Speaker 1: the same fate for others, and thousands of people out 166 00:12:59,840 --> 00:13:02,480 Speaker 1: of favor with the new regime are being held prisoner 167 00:13:02,559 --> 00:13:07,560 Speaker 1: in the stadium. That stadium, a Stadio Nacionale, home to Laroja, 168 00:13:08,320 --> 00:13:12,880 Speaker 1: was packed with so called subversives. There, the military junta 169 00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:16,240 Speaker 1: tortured and killed anyone deemed to be an enemy of 170 00:13:16,280 --> 00:13:20,400 Speaker 1: the state. Even Chile's famous soccer players went into hiding, 171 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:24,440 Speaker 1: afraid their long hair and mustaches would brand them as radicals. 172 00:13:25,520 --> 00:13:29,680 Speaker 1: Leonardo Valley's, one of Laroja's captains, spent days trying to 173 00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:32,160 Speaker 1: track down an uncle who had been taken to the stadium, 174 00:13:32,840 --> 00:13:36,360 Speaker 1: while the team's doctor, Alfonso Reis, was brutally tortured for 175 00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:41,360 Speaker 1: his Communist beliefs. Hugo Lepe, a retired player and leader 176 00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:46,600 Speaker 1: of an important soccer union, disappeared. Other players, like Carlos Kazili, 177 00:13:46,920 --> 00:13:50,920 Speaker 1: would spend months trying to free family members. Foreigners were 178 00:13:50,920 --> 00:13:54,240 Speaker 1: also rounded up. Among the thousands taken to the stadium, 179 00:13:54,600 --> 00:14:01,400 Speaker 1: two british Men, Richard Barber and Adrian Jansen. Brutality. You 180 00:14:01,400 --> 00:14:04,920 Speaker 1: could see people kneeling. Long row of people kneeling with 181 00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:08,160 Speaker 1: the legs widespread, with their hands hype out their heads. 182 00:14:08,240 --> 00:14:10,679 Speaker 1: One of these men or three of these men were collapsing. 183 00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:13,880 Speaker 1: As they collapsed, they were beaten or kicked or trampled 184 00:14:13,880 --> 00:14:16,520 Speaker 1: onto to get them up again. In the west, example 185 00:14:16,559 --> 00:14:19,200 Speaker 1: I saw was about eight men coming in one by 186 00:14:19,240 --> 00:14:22,640 Speaker 1: one to urinate, and after that they were gunned by 187 00:14:22,760 --> 00:14:24,880 Speaker 1: it very heavily, into the back, into the shoulders and 188 00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:27,920 Speaker 1: into the stomach and ribs by carabineros. We saw one 189 00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:29,920 Speaker 1: of these men next day in the cell. They seemed 190 00:14:29,960 --> 00:14:33,440 Speaker 1: to have been very heavily worked over. Barbara and Jansen 191 00:14:33,480 --> 00:14:38,760 Speaker 1: were released shortly after the queue, traumatized but alive after 192 00:14:38,840 --> 00:14:42,960 Speaker 1: more than a century. Chilean democracy was far less fortunate 193 00:14:43,560 --> 00:14:48,080 Speaker 1: with American help, Marxism had been defeated there, but so 194 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:54,360 Speaker 1: had democracy In Chile. Democracy had become a casualty of 195 00:14:54,400 --> 00:14:59,920 Speaker 1: the Cold War between the Eagle and the Bear. As 196 00:15:00,080 --> 00:15:03,840 Speaker 1: the world watched the violence and a once vibrant democracy crumbled, 197 00:15:04,560 --> 00:15:08,000 Speaker 1: Chile's national soccer team, Laroja, was preparing for one of 198 00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:12,320 Speaker 1: its most important matches in decades. In a twist of fate, 199 00:15:12,400 --> 00:15:15,600 Speaker 1: Laroja was set to play the Soviet Union No. Longer 200 00:15:15,680 --> 00:15:19,040 Speaker 1: a friend and now a political foe. Their match with 201 00:15:19,160 --> 00:15:23,320 Speaker 1: the side the final spot in the FIFA World Cup, 202 00:15:24,400 --> 00:15:28,640 Speaker 1: But after seeing the carnage across Chile, the Sylviets threatened 203 00:15:28,640 --> 00:15:32,400 Speaker 1: to boycott the game, demanding FIFA move the match away 204 00:15:32,440 --> 00:15:36,720 Speaker 1: from the stadium that was still dripping with blood. Why 205 00:15:36,760 --> 00:15:40,760 Speaker 1: didn't FIFA listen? The answer to that question is a 206 00:15:40,880 --> 00:15:44,360 Speaker 1: stain on the organization, as the lords of soccer cast 207 00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:48,160 Speaker 1: their lot with Pinochet, giving the dictator the one thing 208 00:15:48,240 --> 00:16:00,520 Speaker 1: he wanted most of all. The Nationalist Stadium is a 209 00:16:00,520 --> 00:16:04,280 Speaker 1: horrific place to be. The prisoners. You can see some 210 00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:10,160 Speaker 1: of them on the bleachers, blood, urine, and God only 211 00:16:10,160 --> 00:16:15,840 Speaker 1: knows what else, staying the walls and floors, moaning, crying. 212 00:16:16,640 --> 00:16:20,600 Speaker 1: The crackling sound of electricity echoed down the long corridors 213 00:16:21,280 --> 00:16:24,160 Speaker 1: until it was drowned out by the screams ere a 214 00:16:24,280 --> 00:16:29,560 Speaker 1: piercing the sounds someone makes when they're hit again and 215 00:16:29,640 --> 00:16:34,280 Speaker 1: again and again with fifteen thousand volts from a cattle prod. 216 00:16:35,320 --> 00:16:38,000 Speaker 1: The lights and the makeshift prison cells were always on, 217 00:16:39,280 --> 00:16:42,640 Speaker 1: so too were the lights in the stadium. With their 218 00:16:42,640 --> 00:16:47,800 Speaker 1: hands tied behind their backs, the prisoners sat there day 219 00:16:47,800 --> 00:16:51,200 Speaker 1: and night, listening to the sounds of torture from the 220 00:16:51,240 --> 00:16:55,800 Speaker 1: benches they once sat in to cheer on Chile's national 221 00:16:55,880 --> 00:17:02,160 Speaker 1: soccer team. The prisoners being held in a Stadio Nacionale 222 00:17:02,280 --> 00:17:05,719 Speaker 1: were accustomed to seeing soldiers in their crisp green uniforms 223 00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:08,720 Speaker 1: with a little black patch on their left chest declaring 224 00:17:09,080 --> 00:17:13,320 Speaker 1: Army of Chile and the rifles the prisoners knew all 225 00:17:13,359 --> 00:17:15,639 Speaker 1: too well with the strike from the butt of a rifle. 226 00:17:15,680 --> 00:17:19,360 Speaker 1: Felt like they were also familiar with the journalists who 227 00:17:19,359 --> 00:17:23,320 Speaker 1: were regularly paraded through the makeshift prison. But who were 228 00:17:23,359 --> 00:17:26,879 Speaker 1: these men? What were they doing inspecting the grass pitch. 229 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:32,159 Speaker 1: A few prisoners tried to call out from underneath the bleachers, udonos, udonos. 230 00:17:32,240 --> 00:17:36,119 Speaker 1: They pleaded for help. The well dressed soccer officials didn't 231 00:17:36,119 --> 00:17:40,840 Speaker 1: stay long and left without making eye contact. The men 232 00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:43,560 Speaker 1: were a small group of FIFA officials who had traveled 233 00:17:43,560 --> 00:17:46,600 Speaker 1: to Chile to inspect the pitch at a Stadio Nacional. 234 00:17:47,440 --> 00:17:51,040 Speaker 1: The fierce international debate about the final World Cup qualifying 235 00:17:51,119 --> 00:17:54,560 Speaker 1: match between Chile and the Soviet Union had been raging 236 00:17:54,600 --> 00:18:00,119 Speaker 1: for weeks. Here again, Brenda Elsie Soviet's refused to play 237 00:18:00,160 --> 00:18:03,840 Speaker 1: in the stadium citing all of the reasons. Our comrades 238 00:18:03,880 --> 00:18:06,600 Speaker 1: have just been tortured and killed in the stadium. We 239 00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:10,959 Speaker 1: do not want to legitimize this government, and they refused 240 00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:13,919 Speaker 1: to play it. Reports of the torture and abuse have 241 00:18:14,040 --> 00:18:17,840 Speaker 1: been circulating in Western press and amongst soccer officials for weeks. 242 00:18:18,760 --> 00:18:22,640 Speaker 1: Italian powerhouse inter Milan had even canceled a friendly match 243 00:18:22,680 --> 00:18:26,280 Speaker 1: with Chile because of the violence. FIFA saw what was 244 00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:31,440 Speaker 1: happening and went ahead anyways. Elsie was granted access to 245 00:18:31,520 --> 00:18:36,399 Speaker 1: FIFA's archives for her own research. FIFA knows what's going on. 246 00:18:36,640 --> 00:18:42,440 Speaker 1: They are getting dozens of letters every day from different 247 00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:48,240 Speaker 1: people within football organizations, from club members, from citizens, from 248 00:18:48,280 --> 00:18:51,760 Speaker 1: people that were in exile throughout Europe, throughout the world, 249 00:18:52,040 --> 00:18:56,080 Speaker 1: writing to FIFA to say, please don't legitimize this government, 250 00:18:56,400 --> 00:19:00,679 Speaker 1: Please don't play this match. Legitimacy is exactly what the 251 00:19:00,720 --> 00:19:05,320 Speaker 1: military junta craved. Recognition from the Green Gooes in Washington 252 00:19:05,400 --> 00:19:11,160 Speaker 1: and London wasn't enough. Pinochet wanted no, he needed global 253 00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:14,280 Speaker 1: respect and who better than the lords of soccer, the 254 00:19:14,359 --> 00:19:17,400 Speaker 1: captains of the World Cup to bless his new regime. 255 00:19:18,040 --> 00:19:20,879 Speaker 1: He sends the team with a letter to go to 256 00:19:20,960 --> 00:19:25,240 Speaker 1: the nineteen four World Cup to Basically, the letter's intention 257 00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:28,160 Speaker 1: is to assure everyone that things are wonderful and peaceful 258 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:32,880 Speaker 1: in Chile and that they're open for business. FIFA's then president, 259 00:19:32,920 --> 00:19:36,320 Speaker 1: Stanley Rouse might have believed soccer could be pure, free 260 00:19:36,320 --> 00:19:40,320 Speaker 1: of world politics, a sanctuary from the Cold War, but 261 00:19:40,359 --> 00:19:43,359 Speaker 1: there was no avoiding the brutality of the Pinochet regime. 262 00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:47,680 Speaker 1: To play a match in Santiago in a Stadio nacional 263 00:19:48,040 --> 00:19:50,679 Speaker 1: would be to ignore the violence of the coup to 264 00:19:50,800 --> 00:19:55,440 Speaker 1: sanction it. The Soviets, no strangers to political violence themselves, 265 00:19:55,520 --> 00:19:58,240 Speaker 1: offered FIFA a way out. They requested the game we 266 00:19:58,320 --> 00:20:03,159 Speaker 1: moved to a neutral country. This surprised and irritated Rouse, 267 00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:07,600 Speaker 1: FIFA around the World Cup, not its member nations, and 268 00:20:07,680 --> 00:20:12,120 Speaker 1: certainly not the Communists over in Moscow. Privately, many European 269 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:16,920 Speaker 1: countries also argued the match should be moved. Rouse relented, 270 00:20:17,560 --> 00:20:20,600 Speaker 1: but only a bit. In the days before the match 271 00:20:20,680 --> 00:20:23,040 Speaker 1: was set to kick off, Rouse promised to send a 272 00:20:23,119 --> 00:20:27,960 Speaker 1: delegation to Santiago to investigate the claims that a Stadio 273 00:20:28,040 --> 00:20:32,120 Speaker 1: nacional was unfit to host a World Cup qualifier. This 274 00:20:32,200 --> 00:20:35,119 Speaker 1: is the same Stanley Rouse who investigated the South African 275 00:20:35,160 --> 00:20:40,240 Speaker 1: apartheid regime and concluded it wasn't racist those guys inspecting 276 00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:43,840 Speaker 1: the grass pitch the FIFA officials prisoners called out to 277 00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:49,480 Speaker 1: these were those guys. Here's British soccer writers to Horsefield 278 00:20:49,480 --> 00:20:53,040 Speaker 1: and historian Brenda Elsie to explain with those officials, Saul 279 00:20:53,600 --> 00:20:57,880 Speaker 1: and ignored. The delegation are actually made to wait two 280 00:20:57,960 --> 00:21:02,760 Speaker 1: days by the Chilean all thorities while they well, while 281 00:21:02,760 --> 00:21:06,800 Speaker 1: they clear out the stadium for the FIFA visit. They 282 00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:11,439 Speaker 1: clear out the stadium literally, have to pose the blood 283 00:21:11,560 --> 00:21:16,600 Speaker 1: off of the walls and other human excrement and everything else. 284 00:21:17,359 --> 00:21:20,920 Speaker 1: With most of the prisoners relocated to another torture site. 285 00:21:21,440 --> 00:21:24,520 Speaker 1: The few that remain were held at gunpoint and after 286 00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:28,720 Speaker 1: crying out, ordered to stay quiet. The FIFA visit takes 287 00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:31,520 Speaker 1: place while there's dissidents down in the bowels of the 288 00:21:31,600 --> 00:21:34,320 Speaker 1: changing rooms, right of the bowels of the stadium. FIFA 289 00:21:34,359 --> 00:21:36,439 Speaker 1: look at the pitch, they look at the stands and 290 00:21:36,520 --> 00:21:39,159 Speaker 1: not as much as they do, and they see nothing. 291 00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:43,600 Speaker 1: There's political prisoners who are about probably gonna lose their lives, 292 00:21:43,600 --> 00:21:47,360 Speaker 1: probably not a hundred yards away, but it's because it's 293 00:21:47,359 --> 00:21:49,800 Speaker 1: not looked for or because they don't want to look 294 00:21:49,840 --> 00:21:54,600 Speaker 1: for it. It's not seen, it's not communicated by FIFA's 295 00:21:54,640 --> 00:21:59,159 Speaker 1: inspection lasted less than twenty minutes. Somehow they didn't notice 296 00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:02,400 Speaker 1: what was happening, or they didn't care, and they declared 297 00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:07,760 Speaker 1: the Stadio Nacional fit for competition. So FIFA since a 298 00:22:07,760 --> 00:22:11,120 Speaker 1: communicate back to Stanley Rouse, everything's okay, the game should 299 00:22:11,119 --> 00:22:14,399 Speaker 1: go ahead. It lands at the feet of a particular 300 00:22:14,480 --> 00:22:19,959 Speaker 1: delegate named Renee Court. His quotation at that time was, 301 00:22:20,440 --> 00:22:25,320 Speaker 1: when asked about Chile, was quote, we are not concerned 302 00:22:25,359 --> 00:22:29,879 Speaker 1: with politics or what regimes are ruling a country. End 303 00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:34,200 Speaker 1: of quote. Rouse issued an ultimatum to the Soviet Union 304 00:22:34,840 --> 00:22:40,000 Speaker 1: play or forfeit. How could they defy him? Nobody walks 305 00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:42,760 Speaker 1: away from a spot in the World Cup, And as 306 00:22:42,920 --> 00:22:46,119 Speaker 1: is so often the case in such matters, FIFA claimed 307 00:22:46,119 --> 00:22:49,919 Speaker 1: to be above politics, not to be taken sides, But 308 00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:53,840 Speaker 1: in the issuing of that ultimatum, it took the side 309 00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:59,879 Speaker 1: of a ruthless dictator. Even they still refuse to accept 310 00:23:00,119 --> 00:23:04,120 Speaker 1: the politics has a part to play, and they mandate 311 00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:07,280 Speaker 1: that the game goes ahead. But the Soviet Union don't 312 00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:11,080 Speaker 1: travel Moscow said, no, I know, you don't want to 313 00:23:11,080 --> 00:23:13,440 Speaker 1: give too many, perhaps to the Soviet Union in this 314 00:23:13,480 --> 00:23:18,880 Speaker 1: period when it is itself committing crimes and human rights abuses. 315 00:23:18,960 --> 00:23:21,080 Speaker 1: But this decision is a good one, it's the right one, 316 00:23:21,760 --> 00:23:26,320 Speaker 1: and they withdraw. But FIFA to create, a game must 317 00:23:26,320 --> 00:23:30,119 Speaker 1: be played, a goal must be scored, as if the 318 00:23:30,280 --> 00:23:34,160 Speaker 1: history books could somehow be deceived, and the torture chambers 319 00:23:34,280 --> 00:23:37,520 Speaker 1: just a race. Once the game goes ahead and there's 320 00:23:37,520 --> 00:23:41,280 Speaker 1: a scoreline. Technically it's a footnote in the World Cup 321 00:23:41,359 --> 00:23:45,639 Speaker 1: qualifying campaign. It's not a result that needs explaining with 322 00:23:45,680 --> 00:23:48,960 Speaker 1: an asterix. It's a It's a football result, and that's 323 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:53,520 Speaker 1: how FIFA wanted their game to be, and the qualifying 324 00:23:54,240 --> 00:23:56,800 Speaker 1: nature of the World Cup to be. At the end 325 00:23:56,800 --> 00:24:00,560 Speaker 1: of the day, FIFA, by refusing to take sides, had 326 00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:05,120 Speaker 1: given Pinochet its blessing and that's all he really ever wanted. 327 00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:16,840 Speaker 1: Section eight. At a Stadio Nacional, the warped wooden benches 328 00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:19,639 Speaker 1: stand out like a battered ship and a sea of 329 00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:24,800 Speaker 1: red modern seats. A rusted out metal fence surrounds them. 330 00:24:24,840 --> 00:24:27,000 Speaker 1: It almost looks like it could fall at any minute. 331 00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:31,280 Speaker 1: At first glance, Section eight seems so out of place. 332 00:24:31,800 --> 00:24:34,159 Speaker 1: Did they run out of money while they were doing construction. 333 00:24:34,680 --> 00:24:38,520 Speaker 1: Did they forget to finish the job. But it isn't 334 00:24:38,520 --> 00:24:46,000 Speaker 1: a mistake. They sat in those benches, the sons, the daughters, 335 00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:52,520 Speaker 1: the brothers, the sisters, mothers and fathers who were held prisoner, 336 00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:56,560 Speaker 1: tortured and murdered in a Stadio National in the fall 337 00:24:56,600 --> 00:25:03,320 Speaker 1: of Chileans have never forgotten what took place there, and 338 00:25:03,359 --> 00:25:08,840 Speaker 1: they've never forgotten the game FIFA made them play. It's 339 00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:11,679 Speaker 1: something that really not just that match, but that era 340 00:25:12,320 --> 00:25:15,439 Speaker 1: is kind of left out a conversation many of times. 341 00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:19,800 Speaker 1: Here again, journalist John Gonzalez. There's such a passion of 342 00:25:19,800 --> 00:25:24,080 Speaker 1: soccer in my family, but I can be honest, I've 343 00:25:24,160 --> 00:25:27,680 Speaker 1: never heard anyone discussed that match. It's hurtful, and I 344 00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:30,800 Speaker 1: really anytime I talked to a Chilean about it, whether 345 00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:33,120 Speaker 1: it be a family member or a friend, you can 346 00:25:33,160 --> 00:25:36,919 Speaker 1: tell that it's definitely something. I don't know if embarrassment 347 00:25:37,080 --> 00:25:39,760 Speaker 1: is the right word, but I guess shame. There's a 348 00:25:39,760 --> 00:25:44,360 Speaker 1: lot of shame around that incident today. No matter how exciting, 349 00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:46,840 Speaker 1: no matter how amped up a crowd is for a game, 350 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:50,840 Speaker 1: that hunting monument, those warped wooden benches behind the North 351 00:25:50,880 --> 00:25:55,840 Speaker 1: Goal are there always there, the ghosts that never leave 352 00:25:56,640 --> 00:26:00,000 Speaker 1: Chilean's don't have to speak of the horrors to remember them. 353 00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:03,639 Speaker 1: That is really a stain, it's a black eye. And 354 00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:10,639 Speaker 1: I think it's because that incident was beyond soccer. And 355 00:26:10,680 --> 00:26:13,200 Speaker 1: while FIFA would like the world to forget its involvement, 356 00:26:13,600 --> 00:26:18,600 Speaker 1: its decision, it's ultimatum. Samuel Galvez says, the pain can't 357 00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:24,160 Speaker 1: be erased. What can I say it try to forget 358 00:26:24,560 --> 00:26:30,719 Speaker 1: the circumstances. It's like somebody kill your mother and say, uh, 359 00:26:31,359 --> 00:26:35,800 Speaker 1: forget it. When it comes to FIFA's pardon this. Maybe 360 00:26:35,840 --> 00:26:38,200 Speaker 1: it's fair to pin this all on Stanley Rouse, a 361 00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:41,199 Speaker 1: British colonialists who saw the world through the eyes of 362 00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:46,000 Speaker 1: white Victorian privilege. But five years later, FIFA faced a 363 00:26:46,119 --> 00:26:50,119 Speaker 1: similar dilemma, another moral test of what it means to 364 00:26:50,200 --> 00:26:54,000 Speaker 1: promote the beautiful game to an eager world, and that 365 00:26:54,160 --> 00:27:00,040 Speaker 1: decision made in Argentina wasn't made by Rouse. FIFA I 366 00:27:00,119 --> 00:27:03,640 Speaker 1: had a chance to do better and it absolutely failed. 367 00:27:04,760 --> 00:27:13,879 Speaker 1: That's coming up next on the Lords of Soccer. The 368 00:27:13,960 --> 00:27:17,480 Speaker 1: Lords of Soccer Al FIFA stole the Beautiful Game is 369 00:27:17,520 --> 00:27:21,320 Speaker 1: an Inside Voices media production in conjunction with I Heart Radio. 370 00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:25,240 Speaker 1: The series was written and executive produced by Gary Scott 371 00:27:25,320 --> 00:27:29,639 Speaker 1: and me Connor Powell. Special thanks to gizli Rossi for 372 00:27:29,720 --> 00:27:32,360 Speaker 1: helping me with the trickiest of the Brazilian names. If 373 00:27:32,400 --> 00:27:35,720 Speaker 1: I screwed up, It's on me, not her Logan he 374 00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:39,679 Speaker 1: Tell and Katie mcmurrn provided the sound design with assistance 375 00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:43,159 Speaker 1: from j. C. Swaddick and Jake Blue Note. Alec Cowen 376 00:27:43,280 --> 00:27:46,960 Speaker 1: is our associate producer and Jeffrey Katz was our story editor. 377 00:27:47,400 --> 00:27:51,440 Speaker 1: Our fact checker is Alexa O'Brien and thanks to Miles Gray, 378 00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:54,800 Speaker 1: who produced the series for I Heart Radio. If you 379 00:27:54,840 --> 00:27:57,959 Speaker 1: have any comments or questions, please reach out. You can 380 00:27:58,000 --> 00:28:01,960 Speaker 1: find us on Twitter. I'm at Connor m Powell and 381 00:28:02,119 --> 00:28:05,840 Speaker 1: Gary is at Gary Robert Scott and if you have 382 00:28:05,880 --> 00:28:09,320 Speaker 1: any stories about FIFA, let us know. If you like 383 00:28:09,400 --> 00:28:12,159 Speaker 1: what you hear, please give us a shout out at 384 00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:14,080 Speaker 1: the hashtag Lords of Soccer