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Speaker 1: Welcome to you stuff you should know from house Stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm

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Speaker 1: Josh Clark, There's Charles w Chuck Bryant, and Jerry is

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Speaker 1: in a certain kind of mood today. She's making jokes

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Speaker 1: and stuff talking. Yeah, she made a joke that would

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Speaker 1: have been great for the show, and I was like, well,

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Speaker 1: look at you. And then she was like, oh, I

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Speaker 1: didn't say you could use that joke. It's her man,

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Speaker 1: she's got her spinning bow tie on the day. I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna say the joke. Jerry said that her blood type

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Speaker 1: was a positive, which she thought was the most optimistic

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Speaker 1: of blood types. It doesn't even make sense, Sure it does,

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Speaker 1: that doesn't She's a positive person. Oh, I see. I

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Speaker 1: think of a positive is like a plus. So like

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Speaker 1: you were the star stum. Yeah, the star student of

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Speaker 1: the blood type. That makes sense. Though. That's not a

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Speaker 1: bad joke, Jerry know that. I understand. It's the first

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Speaker 1: joke she's given us in seven years. Way to go, Jeers,

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Speaker 1: that's gonna be a trivia question. You're down the roads

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Speaker 1: just knocking up with Jerry's one joke. How are you, sir?

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Speaker 1: I'm doing good. I'm feeling a positive myself. I'm feeling

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Speaker 1: oh negative. Wow, this joke just keep I don't even

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Speaker 1: know my blood type. I don't know mine neither. Is

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Speaker 1: that crazy? Yeah, that's great. And I've never had to

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Speaker 1: I mean, I've given blood IVY, but I don't. I don't.

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Speaker 1: I've never received blood. Get the records. Don't they test

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Speaker 1: your blood type? I guess, but I don't. Ever, I

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Speaker 1: don't know. It should be on your donor card. I

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Speaker 1: think you know what I do have, and this is

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Speaker 1: so silly. I have some dog tags that I made

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Speaker 1: when I was in high school because I just thought

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Speaker 1: it was cool to wear in shop. I didn't make

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Speaker 1: it myself. I had them made. Oh I see, oh

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Speaker 1: hey Richie. Richis like, I'm gonna get dog tag. That's

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Speaker 1: neat and um, I don't know. I went through a

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Speaker 1: little phase. I guess the dog tag and it's your

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Speaker 1: blood type on that it is and I actually know

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Speaker 1: where they are are so I could go find that.

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Speaker 1: I can wait, all right, I'll be back. Just give

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Speaker 1: me a couple of hours. Well, I legitimately have no

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Speaker 1: idea what my blood type is, um, because I didn't

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Speaker 1: go through a dog tag face and it's not on

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Speaker 1: my birth certificate. I went and looked, not there was

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Speaker 1: your real name, your real name, I think, so, I'm

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Speaker 1: pretty sure I wasn't an abductive baby. I've always had

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Speaker 1: this fear that, like I look at my birth certificate

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Speaker 1: and find out I'm like three years older or something

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Speaker 1: that I thought I was. This is a strange fear,

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Speaker 1: which would explain a lot. Really, yeah, it's fine, okay

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Speaker 1: if you were what now, If you're forty, yeah you are,

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Speaker 1: happy birthday, thank you. If I was forty seven, you

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Speaker 1: and Julius Caesar just celebrated a birthday that would be bad.

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Speaker 1: Or was it his birthday or he just died that

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Speaker 1: was the death day. Yeah, that was the opposite of

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Speaker 1: his birthday. Yeah, although some people have died on their birthday,

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Speaker 1: some famous people. Oh really yeah. I don't remember who though,

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Speaker 1: but at LEAs one famous person was at Ason or

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Speaker 1: Alexander Graham, Bell somebody like that that did they die

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Speaker 1: because of their birthday? Thomas Jefferson. Maybe No, it wasn't. Okay,

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Speaker 1: it wasn't anything like that as far as I know,

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Speaker 1: Like they didn't like a party, their last breath, blowing

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Speaker 1: out their candles, that'd be pretty neat. So blood types.

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Speaker 1: Did you know much about this? Did not? I didn't either.

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Speaker 1: I just suspected it was fascinating. They had a vague

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Speaker 1: awareness of it because, um remember the ten scientists who

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Speaker 1: were their own guinea pigs episode. Karl Landsteiner makes an

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Speaker 1: appearance in that, yeah, which I think means uh, well,

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Speaker 1: stein is Stone, So like land Stoner, he's a landstowner. Nice,

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Speaker 1: good for him. He was quite a doctor though for

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Speaker 1: a landstowner. He uh he was fearless. Yeah, well, not

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Speaker 1: really fearless. He was fearless about um needles, He didn't

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Speaker 1: mind with drawing blood from himself. Um. But the reason

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Speaker 1: we bring up carl An Stannard because he's the guy

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Speaker 1: who finally discovered blood types way back in the d R.

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Speaker 1: Yeah exactly. He got the Nobel for it in n Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so it's pretty recent stuff here, you know. Yeah, but

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Speaker 1: I thought the history, uh you did the research on this,

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Speaker 1: which thanks man, hats off to you. I appreciate it. Um.

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Speaker 1: I thought the history of it was super interesting. Um.

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Speaker 1: So yeah, carl Anstarner was the first guy, and we'll

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Speaker 1: talk about him a little more in depth than what

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Speaker 1: he did. Um, but he was the first guy to

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Speaker 1: identify the A, B O blood types. Um. But prior

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Speaker 1: to him, people were aware that there was some weirdness

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Speaker 1: with blood and that you couldn't just mix the stuff

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Speaker 1: willie nilly and expect good results. Because for a very

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Speaker 1: long time, humans, thanks to horrible things like vivisection, knew

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Speaker 1: that we are blood was very, very vital. It was

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Speaker 1: a vital life force. Yeah. And um, you know back

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Speaker 1: in the day, I think we've talked about bleeding in

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Speaker 1: barbers before, but they were real big on taking blood

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Speaker 1: out of people. Um. And at some point, I guess

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Speaker 1: some doctors must have, you know, taken some drugs and thought,

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Speaker 1: I wonder what would happen if we put blood into

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Speaker 1: a person? Right, Well, I mean, if you think about it,

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Speaker 1: if you're like, this is a vital life force. If

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Speaker 1: you have somebody who's dying from bleeding out like a hemorrhage,

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Speaker 1: which happened a lot like during childbirth, for example, then

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Speaker 1: you would think maybe if I took some healthy blood

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Speaker 1: and put it into a dying person who's bleeding to death,

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Speaker 1: they'll come back. Yeah. And of course, uh, they had

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Speaker 1: all sorts of like crazy notions back then, so they

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Speaker 1: thought it could like bleeding someone out. They thought putting

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Speaker 1: blood back in someone could cure weird things like insanity,

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Speaker 1: which we, of course we know now has nothing to

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Speaker 1: do with that kind of thing, right, So they said, well,

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Speaker 1: let's try this, let's see what we can do. Um.

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Speaker 1: They didn't start with human blood, oddly enough, he went

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Speaker 1: right to the animal blood. Uh. And it was not

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Speaker 1: good when they started taking blood from animals like cows,

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Speaker 1: calves and injecting it into human patients. Yeah. There was

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Speaker 1: a French doctor that put cast blood into a madman. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: Jean Baptiste. Denise the doctor, okay, and he Um. The

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Speaker 1: madman started to sweat and vomit and urinate the color

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Speaker 1: of chimney soot, and I guess the doctor said, yep,

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Speaker 1: he's a madman, and then he gave him another transfusion

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Speaker 1: after that after Yeah, and then the guy died and

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Speaker 1: actually Denise was charged with murder for that and he

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Speaker 1: was forced to quit medicine. Man, it was very very scandalous, um,

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Speaker 1: even though he was experimenting on a madman, which you

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Speaker 1: know at the time was pretty much fair game for anything.

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Speaker 1: I think the horrific accounts of the whole thing really

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Speaker 1: kind of captured the national imagination and as a result, um,

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Speaker 1: the Decree of Chalet was shoot by the French monarchy

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Speaker 1: that basically said oh no, no, no no, no more transfusions

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Speaker 1: and uh for a while, like basically a hundred and

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Speaker 1: fifty years this it was banned in France and the

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Speaker 1: effect that it had kind of extended over the continent.

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Speaker 1: It was basically de facto banned throughout Europe because these

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Speaker 1: horrible experiments by Denny's and others that had these terrible results.

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Speaker 1: It was like, you guys, this is mad science, and

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Speaker 1: you can't do that anymore because it's a really bad news.

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Speaker 1: France also banned ketchup when like three years ago the

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Speaker 1: band catch up, but chats up around still now. They

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Speaker 1: didn't ban the spelling of ketchup, they banned the condiment

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Speaker 1: in school cafeterias, and um, I think a lot of

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Speaker 1: people were put it on like uh, French cuisine, like

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Speaker 1: they don't want to catch up on their cuisine. But

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Speaker 1: it had to do with the sugar, yeah, the sugar intake.

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Speaker 1: But they said it's okay for French fries, which they

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Speaker 1: just called fries over there, exactly Fritz. I think so

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Speaker 1: they band catch up and then a long time ago

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Speaker 1: they banned blood transfusions. That's right, thank you, Franz. That's right.

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Speaker 1: And it stayed that way for a long time. I

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Speaker 1: mean there were doctors here and there in the nineteenth

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Speaker 1: century that that experimented around a little bit, of course. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Well the Decree of shell it was sixty eight and

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Speaker 1: it really was prohibitive until the mid nineteenth century, the

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Speaker 1: early nineteenth century. Well, and that's when the guy named,

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Speaker 1: a physician in Britain named James Blendell was tired of

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Speaker 1: seeing his patients died during childbirth bleeding out like you

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Speaker 1: were talking about. Yeah, he's one of the heroes of

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Speaker 1: the story, he is. And he said, you know what,

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Speaker 1: there's got to be a better way, and let me

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Speaker 1: try and and you know, let me try and put

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Speaker 1: blood that's not an animal into someone. Yeah. The thing

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Speaker 1: that Blendell figured out was that the great error that

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Speaker 1: the early French doctors were doing was using the blow

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Speaker 1: out of a brute. As he put it, that don't

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Speaker 1: mean a jerk, right right, means an animal. He guys, like,

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Speaker 1: just let me watch my rugby. Um, the mixing like

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Speaker 1: the blood of one species with another. Blendell decided was

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Speaker 1: just a really bad move and that that's what it

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Speaker 1: caused these horrible reactions. Really good start, right, So human

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Speaker 1: human blood, he decided would should work, it would possibly work,

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Speaker 1: And he faced an immediate problem, which was, you have

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Speaker 1: no means of getting blood out of somebody and into

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Speaker 1: somebody else at this point, blood hell, what are you

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Speaker 1: gonna do? So he invented a contraption for it, like

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Speaker 1: the first blood transfusing contraption was invented by James Blendell

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Speaker 1: for this very recent Yeah, And he got some dogs

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Speaker 1: and he practiced on them, and uh, I have a

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Speaker 1: bad feeling that some of those dogs probably died. I

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Speaker 1: would guess along the way. But um he he eventually

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Speaker 1: got to a guy that was bleeding to death, and

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Speaker 1: I guess. The guy was like, um, doctor, I'm bleeding

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Speaker 1: a lot, and could you take some of that blood

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Speaker 1: and put it back into me? But because that might

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Speaker 1: be a good idea, because I'm told it's important, like

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Speaker 1: chimneys in the Yeah, let's just go for this, and

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Speaker 1: he did. Then the guy died. Well yeah, but it

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Speaker 1: was two days, which wasn't too bad. So I guess

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Speaker 1: he was like, he didn't see vomit or charcoal sut urine, right,

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Speaker 1: And the guy did say he was feeling less fainty.

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Speaker 1: So it did revive him for two days. That's a

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Speaker 1: great prognosis, I think. But because he didn't see all

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Speaker 1: those awful reactions immediately, he was sort of onto something.

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Speaker 1: Even though the guy died, he was encouraged by the results, right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so he went on to perform I believe ten more

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Speaker 1: blood transfusions and um the result, says the the author

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Speaker 1: of one of the articles we used for research, Carl Zimmer,

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Speaker 1: who wrote a great article in Mosaic about blood types UM.

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Speaker 1: As he put it, the results were dismal. Four out

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Speaker 1: of the ten survived. It's not too bad. I'm kind

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Speaker 1: of like, if this guy is just shooting in the dark,

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Speaker 1: mixing human blood together, and yeah, he's doing okay. But

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Speaker 1: what he what he proved was that you can take

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Speaker 1: human blood and transfer it from one human to another.

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Speaker 1: But there's still something we don't know, like what it

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Speaker 1: should be a hundred percent success rate? What's the problem here?

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Speaker 1: And he never lived to see the answer to it.

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Speaker 1: But it was Carl land Steiner who who figured it

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Speaker 1: out before them, because because blood Dell's success rate was

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Speaker 1: still pretty low and he was working in the twenties

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Speaker 1: something like that. In the mid nineteenth century, there was

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Speaker 1: a weird little um sidetrack that took place the milk Yeah,

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Speaker 1: in in North America and Canada. In the United States,

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Speaker 1: doctors decided that milk would be a better substitute for

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Speaker 1: transfusions than blow. Yeah. Were they mixing milk into the

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Speaker 1: blood or were they just injecting milk directly into the

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Speaker 1: blood stream. Here is some sheep's milk, um goat. It

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Speaker 1: looks or smells or taste nothing like human blood, but

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Speaker 1: let's give it a shot. They're thinking was that the

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Speaker 1: fats in the milk would be converted into white blood

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Speaker 1: cells and then into red blood cells in the blood stream.

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Speaker 1: So um, not even close. They tried with They tried

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Speaker 1: with cow, they try with goat, and then eventually they

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Speaker 1: try with human milk. And they were doing like massive

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Speaker 1: doses and stuff like twelve ounces a beer bottles worth

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Speaker 1: of goat milk injected directly into the human blood stream,

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Speaker 1: and the results were really really bad. Um. One patient

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Speaker 1: suddenly experienced unstagamous, which is uncontrollable like eye movements and

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Speaker 1: vertigo and spasms like immediately upon injected. And they're still

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Speaker 1: they're they're giving more injections. Some of them were like, Okay,

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Speaker 1: this is gonna work too much, right, So people were

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Speaker 1: slipping into comas and dying, and finally everyone was like,

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Speaker 1: this is wrong, this is not good. Let's stop doing this,

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Speaker 1: and they started using sailing. Yeah. You know who also

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Speaker 1: used injected milk, oh, Michael Jackson. That was a totally

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Speaker 1: different kind of milk based right, what's the name of

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Speaker 1: that stuff? We never get it right, but I think

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Speaker 1: it is prop think you just got it right, man,

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Speaker 1: So sad one. And it is a little side note.

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Speaker 1: One of the patients was given milk and then does

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Speaker 1: support that injection. They were injected with morphine and then whiskey.

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Speaker 1: So they're just basically putting anything they wanted to into

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Speaker 1: the blood streams of people back then. That's crazy. So

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Speaker 1: the point is this, Chuck, There was a little sidetrack.

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Speaker 1: And the reason there was a sidetrack is because still

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Speaker 1: even after Blundell's experiments were successful in some cases, blood

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Speaker 1: transmissions still had a really bad name. Yeah. Um, they

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Speaker 1: started to kind of figure it out a little bit though,

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Speaker 1: uh in at least what the problem him was when

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Speaker 1: they started to mix blood from different people together in

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Speaker 1: test tubes and they saw clumping, they saw red blood

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Speaker 1: cell sticking together, and said, you know what, um, the

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Speaker 1: reason why this is happening is because these are all

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Speaker 1: from sick people. That was their explanation at first, Like,

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Speaker 1: we got a bunch of sick blood, we're mixing it

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Speaker 1: with sick blood, so that's why it's doing all these

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Speaker 1: funky things. And it wasn't until the Landstoner came around

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Speaker 1: and said, you know what, maybe I should try to

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Speaker 1: mix the blood of healthy people together and see what happens. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: see if that landmark idea? Yeah, because I mean they

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Speaker 1: knew that blood clumped, that's one of the reasons they

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Speaker 1: went to milk, but they just thought it was because well,

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Speaker 1: you're stick already, there's nothing that could be done about that.

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Speaker 1: But yeah, when Landsteiner came along and thought that it

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Speaker 1: was groundbreaking, and he did it with his own blood

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Speaker 1: and with the blood of some of his lab assistants,

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Speaker 1: and he just started taking blood samples and then just

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Speaker 1: randomly mixing together people's blood to see if it clumped,

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Speaker 1: and when it didn't clump, he started mapping his patterns

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Speaker 1: and ultimately came up with what's now known as the

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Speaker 1: A B O blood typing group. Although initially he came

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Speaker 1: up with type A, type B, and type C. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and then later on we found out about A B, right,

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Speaker 1: and C was changed to Oh yeah, but it was.

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's pretty crazy that he could even I mean,

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Speaker 1: he separated his plasma from his red blood cells. It's

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Speaker 1: it's nuts that he was even able to do that.

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Speaker 1: Back then, I didn't know things with that advance. Oh,

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Speaker 1: you just inject some morphine and whiskey into your blood

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Speaker 1: and man, it just kind of falls to the side. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Plasma by the way, you hear that word a lot.

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Speaker 1: You may not know what it is. It's just mostly water.

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Speaker 1: It's the liquid portion of your blood. That's what it's

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Speaker 1: the taxicab. Basically, it carries everything around. It carries the

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Speaker 1: red blood cells, among other things, hormones, waste, nutrients, all

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Speaker 1: sorts of stuff. So this is like a really really

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Speaker 1: really big advancement in medical science. Yeah, but what did

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Speaker 1: he say? Oh, he had a great quote. Is my favorite,

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Speaker 1: Like this landmark discovery and He's kind of like, well,

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Speaker 1: you might just want to look at this, he goes

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Speaker 1: it might be mentioned that the reported observations may assist

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Speaker 1: in the explanation of various consequences of therapeutic blood transfusions.

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Speaker 1: Like it's possible that this is what's been killing people

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Speaker 1: all the time. There's blood types. I don't know his

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Speaker 1: personality though, so I don't know how to read that.

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Speaker 1: It sounds a little smarmy. I I took it as

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Speaker 1: he was being very humble. Oh that's how I took it.

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Speaker 1: That's because you're a positive that's right. But what this

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Speaker 1: did was um millions of millions and millions, I mean,

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Speaker 1: I opened the door for everything to come when it

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Speaker 1: comes to blood typing. And after this break, we're going

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Speaker 1: to get a little bit into what these blood types aren't,

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Speaker 1: what they mean. All right, we're back and we are

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Speaker 1: talking about blood types and what this means. And it's

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Speaker 1: really pretty simple. It is. It's elegant on your red

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Speaker 1: blood cells. Um you have you can have lots of things,

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Speaker 1: but you can have sugars and proteins, and those sugars

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Speaker 1: and proteins can be expressed as antigens and antigens are

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Speaker 1: something that your immune system says, Hey, you got a

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Speaker 1: foreign invader coming, you might want to do something about it. Right,

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Speaker 1: It's something that you're a body can take as a

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Speaker 1: foreign invader, even if it's not a foreign invader, or

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Speaker 1: even if it's not harmful, But it's something that's found

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Speaker 1: on the surface of your red blood cells. Like pollen

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Speaker 1: is an anergen. We talked about that in the Allergy podcast.

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Speaker 1: So a blood type at its core is just a

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Speaker 1: description of what kind of anergen is found on the

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Speaker 1: surface of your red blood cells, right, which is just

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Speaker 1: a sugar or a protein, right, Penny. So if you're

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Speaker 1: if you have A type blood, you have the A

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Speaker 1: antigen present on your cells. If you have B type blood,

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Speaker 1: you have the B antigen. If you have O type blood,

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Speaker 1: you have neither A nor B. And then if you

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Speaker 1: have a B you have both A and B antigens

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Speaker 1: present on on the surface of your blood. Sounds pretty simple.

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Speaker 1: There's no real issues here except that blood types are

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Speaker 1: also associated with the type of antibody your blood produces

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Speaker 1: your body produces, right, that's right, And that's a protein

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Speaker 1: that your immune system uses to attack antign invader or

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Speaker 1: what it thinks is a foreign invader. So, if you

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Speaker 1: have type A blood, your body produces B antibodies, which

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Speaker 1: means that when your body comes in contact with type

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Speaker 1: BED antigens, which would be found on type B blood cells, right,

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Speaker 1: your body goes crazy and launches an immune response and

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Speaker 1: attacks those antigens, which is in the other way around

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Speaker 1: in that case with A and B. Yeah, they don't

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Speaker 1: like each other, No, they don't. So not only do

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Speaker 1: they have opposing and egens, they have opposing antibody. So

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Speaker 1: if you make say and B blood together, bad bad

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Speaker 1: things are going to happen. Yeah. And you know what,

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Speaker 1: you can also be allergic to your own blood, which

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Speaker 1: is not good. When we talked about mistaken identity, Uh,

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Speaker 1: that is something called hemolytic anemia and um immune hemolytic anemia,

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Speaker 1: and that's it sounds immediately like I thought, well, you're

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Speaker 1: dead if you've got that because your blood is allergic

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Speaker 1: to itself. Yeah, apparently people live with it are able

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Speaker 1: to almost everyone does. It's really rare to lead to

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Speaker 1: death these days. UM. I did look it up though,

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Speaker 1: and the first symptom it listed was feeling grumpy, which

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Speaker 1: I thought was like, well, perhaps we all have it

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Speaker 1: or he or has immune anemia. Um. So, like we said,

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Speaker 1: A and B do not like each other at all.

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Speaker 1: I think you said they're like the hat Fields and

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Speaker 1: the McCoys of blood types. Yeah, I mean they're in

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Speaker 1: a complete opposition to one another. That's right. Type OH

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Speaker 1: though is different so TYPO everybody it does. It doesn't

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Speaker 1: have any anigens on it on the blood cell surface.

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Speaker 1: So as far as blood transfusions go, you could take

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Speaker 1: TYPO and give it to type B people, Type A

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Speaker 1: people and TYPO people and even type A B people,

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Speaker 1: which makes type O the universal donor, right, oh negative specifically,

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Speaker 1: But that sounds all great and it is. But because

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Speaker 1: it doesn't have anigen's, it uh produces anybody's against A

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Speaker 1: and B antigens I'm sorry, antibodies against and B anogens, okay,

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Speaker 1: which means it can only accept oh transfusions, Yeah, which

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Speaker 1: is said because it's they're the universal donor, they can give,

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Speaker 1: but they can't. They can only get from other oaths

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Speaker 1: because they have antibodies against everything. But ohs right, A

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Speaker 1: B is the opposite of Oh. They're actually the universal recipient, right.

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Speaker 1: They have the A and B antigen on the surface

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Speaker 1: of the red blood cells. But like you said, they

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Speaker 1: are the universal recipient, so that's great. They don't have

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Speaker 1: any anybody's at all. So they can they can take

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Speaker 1: A they can be they can take oh, but they

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Speaker 1: have the antigens A and B, so A B or

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Speaker 1: OH can't take a B blood, so they just take

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Speaker 1: take take to recap. I'm sure I have a B blood.

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Speaker 1: I'm positive of it, you think, yeah, to recap. There's

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Speaker 1: a handy little chart here which we do not have.

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Speaker 1: Um no, but it's from the American Red Cross. Webon

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Speaker 1: like I think everyone that works at the Red Cross

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Speaker 1: probably has is printed out, like in their wallet. I'm

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Speaker 1: so everyone who's listening to this in the Red Cross

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Speaker 1: share it with somebody. Group OH, though can donate red

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Speaker 1: blood cells to anybody. Group A can donate red blood

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Speaker 1: cells to ais and a B S. Group B can

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Speaker 1: donate red blood cells to bees and a bees in

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Speaker 1: Group A B can donate to other A B is

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Speaker 1: but can receive it from all others. Take take take

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Speaker 1: pretty neat um, So there you go. That's the type

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Speaker 1: A BO blood type and it's pretty. It was a

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Speaker 1: sweeping discovery and that's it, right. No, more about blood types. No,

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Speaker 1: this is the end, beautiful friend, it is not the end.

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Speaker 1: Uh No, because it turns out the A, B O

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Speaker 1: blood typing or blood groups are really one of many

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Speaker 1: twenty two we're up to by now. Yeah. Remember earlier

391
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Speaker 1: I was talking about UM positive or negative. Well that too,

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Speaker 1: but I was talking about the dog tags. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: was talking about that, sugars, booms, sugars. Yes, Sugars and

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Speaker 1: proteins are the two different antigens that you can have

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Speaker 1: on your red blood cells. We said that the A, B,

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Speaker 1: O U grouping are the sugars, so that leaves the proteins,

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Speaker 1: and that's where you get into the r h uh

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Speaker 1: If you've ever heard your blood as negative or positive.

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Speaker 1: That was named after the Reesus monkey spelled r H

400
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Speaker 1: E s U s, which they were obviously the test subjects.

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Speaker 1: It basically just says, if you're positive for that protein

402
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Speaker 1: or negative for that protein. Yeah, it's just it's another

403
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Speaker 1: anogen and either you have it or you don't, so

404
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Speaker 1: you can be oh negative, oh positive. So that would

405
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Speaker 1: mean that you are in the O type blood group,

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Speaker 1: so you have sugar anogens on or you know, you

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Speaker 1: don't have A or B on your blood cell surface.

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Speaker 1: But if you're positive, you would have neither A or

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Speaker 1: B on your surface, but you would have the recess

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Speaker 1: anogen on there. Right, And just like the A, B

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Speaker 1: O types, the r H types don't mix either. Know.

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Speaker 1: As a matter of fact, there's a really terrible condition

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Speaker 1: called mother fetus incompatibility, which the means the mother is

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Speaker 1: RH negative and the baby is RH positive. So as

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Speaker 1: the baby is developing, it's blood cells that carry the

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Speaker 1: r H anogen are taken as foreign invaders by the

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Speaker 1: mother's blood, so the baby, the fetus is attacked by

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Speaker 1: the mother's immune system. Not a good position for a

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Speaker 1: fetus to begin. But this is also very treatable these days. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I got the impression. Yeah, I looked into what it

421
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Speaker 1: used to be a really scary thing, obviously, but now

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Speaker 1: they know how to treat it. And I think on

423
00:24:11,119 --> 00:24:14,280
Speaker 1: the first your firstborn, it's not really a big deal

424
00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:17,080
Speaker 1: at all. Oh yeah, and the reason why because the

425
00:24:17,080 --> 00:24:20,240
Speaker 1: blood is not mixing right right. Well, No, that first exposure,

426
00:24:20,280 --> 00:24:21,760
Speaker 1: your body is like, what the heck is this? It

427
00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:24,479
Speaker 1: gets caught off guard. Second one, it's kind of like,

428
00:24:24,880 --> 00:24:28,280
Speaker 1: fool me once, Shame on you, fool me twice, I'm

429
00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:30,840
Speaker 1: gonna get you, and it goes after the fetus and

430
00:24:30,880 --> 00:24:33,320
Speaker 1: then it just gets this immune response gets more and

431
00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:38,680
Speaker 1: more heightened with each pregnancy. I'm almost positive that's the case.

432
00:24:38,880 --> 00:24:41,680
Speaker 1: I ran across it during UM during research for this,

433
00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:45,639
Speaker 1: and if I'm not mistaken, that's what happens. Okay. Well,

434
00:24:45,760 --> 00:24:50,720
Speaker 1: I know roughly of the population is r H positive,

435
00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:53,679
Speaker 1: so you have much more likelihood to be RH positive

436
00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:58,879
Speaker 1: than negative. Okay in life, huh, I know that I

437
00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:03,240
Speaker 1: would have guessed negative I would be more common. I

438
00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:05,920
Speaker 1: don't know. I just guess that you need to improve

439
00:25:05,960 --> 00:25:10,560
Speaker 1: your outlook my friends. UM. So, the r H blood groups,

440
00:25:10,600 --> 00:25:13,040
Speaker 1: the A, B O blood groups. There two of UM

441
00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:16,520
Speaker 1: I think twenty two at least total blood groups that

442
00:25:16,560 --> 00:25:20,640
Speaker 1: have been identified. There's other ones like Diego, kid, kill,

443
00:25:21,119 --> 00:25:25,679
Speaker 1: Duffy blood groups, and all of them are descriptors of

444
00:25:25,760 --> 00:25:27,919
Speaker 1: anergens that can be found on the surface of a

445
00:25:27,960 --> 00:25:31,280
Speaker 1: person's red blood cells. So your blood type can go

446
00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:36,200
Speaker 1: far beyond a positive or OH negative. It can be

447
00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:43,840
Speaker 1: like a negative Duffy positive kill UM to the third power.

448
00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:50,040
Speaker 1: Who knows why not, But it's just basically the presence

449
00:25:50,480 --> 00:25:53,440
Speaker 1: or the absence of these different anigens and these combinations

450
00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:57,280
Speaker 1: can form the thing is we now know and Landsteiner

451
00:25:57,359 --> 00:25:59,920
Speaker 1: figured it out early on, but didn't didn't discover that

452
00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:03,240
Speaker 1: actual mechanism. But we know that each one is is

453
00:26:03,359 --> 00:26:06,960
Speaker 1: controlled by a different gene or a mutation on a

454
00:26:07,000 --> 00:26:10,119
Speaker 1: specific gene. And like I said, Landsteiner kind of figured

455
00:26:10,119 --> 00:26:12,080
Speaker 1: it out early on that it was heritable, that blood

456
00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:15,160
Speaker 1: types are heritable, and as a result blood typing where

457
00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:17,760
Speaker 1: it was used in early paternity tests, like almost from

458
00:26:17,800 --> 00:26:21,800
Speaker 1: the outset of Landsteiner's research. Um. The other thing that

459
00:26:21,880 --> 00:26:25,560
Speaker 1: they found out was that you can also be a

460
00:26:25,880 --> 00:26:29,119
Speaker 1: that sounds a little gross, a secretor or a non secretor,

461
00:26:30,280 --> 00:26:33,600
Speaker 1: which means that if you're a secretor, your antigens can

462
00:26:33,640 --> 00:26:36,879
Speaker 1: be secreted into other fluids like saliba or mucus in

463
00:26:36,880 --> 00:26:40,960
Speaker 1: your body toward off other infections, usually at the surface

464
00:26:40,960 --> 00:26:44,960
Speaker 1: of the skin. Yeah, so you're I think are secretors

465
00:26:44,960 --> 00:26:50,120
Speaker 1: in the United States And that's just another subclassification even

466
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:56,240
Speaker 1: to rule people out. Um quickly, you're a secretor non secretor. Yeah,

467
00:26:57,359 --> 00:27:01,680
Speaker 1: ah lois a secretor got us a great idea. He's

468
00:27:01,720 --> 00:27:04,680
Speaker 1: secreting all over the place. Um. So like you said,

469
00:27:04,760 --> 00:27:09,240
Speaker 1: land Uh, the Landstoner determined that you could test maternity

470
00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:12,640
Speaker 1: and because of that in the ninet nineties, that led

471
00:27:12,680 --> 00:27:16,800
Speaker 1: to the discovery of that A B O gene. And basically,

472
00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:20,400
Speaker 1: if you can have that A antigen be expressed, or

473
00:27:20,960 --> 00:27:22,679
Speaker 1: if something is a little tweaked, you can have that

474
00:27:22,720 --> 00:27:26,480
Speaker 1: B antrogen expressed, right, or if they're both tweaked, you

475
00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:31,359
Speaker 1: can have both A B I think in that case

476
00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:34,280
Speaker 1: you inherit the A mutation from one parent and the

477
00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:36,879
Speaker 1: G mutation from another parent. Yeah, did you say G

478
00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:41,520
Speaker 1: B the gene there's another blood type, the A G.

479
00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:43,800
Speaker 1: I just came up with it. Uh. And then if

480
00:27:43,840 --> 00:27:46,359
Speaker 1: it's completely shut off, then that is where you get

481
00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:49,520
Speaker 1: your OH blood type. Right. But we have to point out, um,

482
00:27:49,680 --> 00:27:53,800
Speaker 1: that the A B O blood type isn't like the

483
00:27:53,840 --> 00:27:56,240
Speaker 1: A is the presence of a egine. B is the

484
00:27:56,240 --> 00:27:58,639
Speaker 1: presence of an engine, and OH is the presence of nothing.

485
00:27:59,200 --> 00:28:02,000
Speaker 1: It's not the case. Um Again. Carl Zimmer in that

486
00:28:02,040 --> 00:28:07,159
Speaker 1: mosaic article put it like, if the A antigen is

487
00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:10,879
Speaker 1: like a two story home in one former fashion, and

488
00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:13,040
Speaker 1: the B antigen is like a different type of two

489
00:28:13,040 --> 00:28:16,760
Speaker 1: story home, the OH is like the single story ranch

490
00:28:17,320 --> 00:28:20,440
Speaker 1: that the second stories are built on top mid century modern. Yeah,

491
00:28:20,640 --> 00:28:25,040
Speaker 1: to love. It's my preference in houses. I like those two. Um,

492
00:28:25,080 --> 00:28:28,000
Speaker 1: I wonder what I wonder what blood type the double

493
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:30,879
Speaker 1: wide trailer is. I don't know. It's a single story,

494
00:28:30,960 --> 00:28:34,000
Speaker 1: so technically would be oh as well, there's secretors for sure.

495
00:28:34,240 --> 00:28:37,560
Speaker 1: So Chuck, um we talked. You said that RH positive

496
00:28:37,600 --> 00:28:40,360
Speaker 1: was the most common for the r H blood type. Right,

497
00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:44,160
Speaker 1: that's right. What's the most common for A B O types? Uh? Well,

498
00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:46,640
Speaker 1: you've got OH is the most OH positive is the

499
00:28:46,640 --> 00:28:50,000
Speaker 1: most common H. Then you've got A, then you've got B.

500
00:28:50,520 --> 00:28:53,680
Speaker 1: Then you've got a B as the least common, and um.

501
00:28:54,200 --> 00:28:58,719
Speaker 1: Across ethnic groups, it's uh, it's pretty interesting. Hispanic folks

502
00:28:59,120 --> 00:29:02,760
Speaker 1: have higher number of os. Asian folks have a higher

503
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:06,440
Speaker 1: higher number of bees. And there's reasons for this, which

504
00:29:06,480 --> 00:29:10,120
Speaker 1: we'll get into later. They're pretty interesting, I think. So, um,

505
00:29:10,120 --> 00:29:12,840
Speaker 1: all the teaser we should say with when you do

506
00:29:13,080 --> 00:29:15,320
Speaker 1: we've kind of touched on what happens when you mix blood,

507
00:29:15,480 --> 00:29:20,000
Speaker 1: remember the chimney sit urine um. But the real on

508
00:29:20,080 --> 00:29:23,040
Speaker 1: the molecular level, on the cellular level, what's going on

509
00:29:23,120 --> 00:29:27,479
Speaker 1: when you mix blood types is that the antigens present

510
00:29:28,040 --> 00:29:30,680
Speaker 1: in one blood type that doesn't mix with another one

511
00:29:31,040 --> 00:29:35,200
Speaker 1: attracts the antibodies. Yeah, because it thinks it's some foreign invader. Yep.

512
00:29:35,360 --> 00:29:38,000
Speaker 1: So it's like the troops. You're coming into a house

513
00:29:38,040 --> 00:29:41,200
Speaker 1: that has anybodies that are primed against the engines on

514
00:29:41,280 --> 00:29:45,200
Speaker 1: your blood right right, and um, those anergens or those

515
00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:49,320
Speaker 1: antibodies surround the anergens and just kind of collect and

516
00:29:49,360 --> 00:29:53,200
Speaker 1: clump around the red blood cells. That's a glutination. Yeah.

517
00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:56,080
Speaker 1: That Uh, that just sounded gross to me. It does.

518
00:29:56,120 --> 00:29:58,120
Speaker 1: It's a gross word. I think medical. I think I

519
00:29:58,200 --> 00:30:03,000
Speaker 1: figured out medical terms that have gs and them and glug. Yeah,

520
00:30:03,040 --> 00:30:05,960
Speaker 1: it just sounds kind of gross because what happens after

521
00:30:06,120 --> 00:30:12,560
Speaker 1: a glutination is it coagulates. Yeah, and that thickened blood

522
00:30:12,680 --> 00:30:15,840
Speaker 1: is tough to pump through your body. It's pretty simple, really.

523
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:19,840
Speaker 1: You give blood clots everywhere and you have trouble breathing,

524
00:30:20,080 --> 00:30:22,959
Speaker 1: your lungs filled with blood and you drown in it.

525
00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:26,880
Speaker 1: And again you're if if you're injected with cow milk,

526
00:30:27,840 --> 00:30:29,880
Speaker 1: your eyes go crazy and you spas them in some

527
00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:32,959
Speaker 1: new coma and die. But if not, you're just gonna

528
00:30:33,120 --> 00:30:36,160
Speaker 1: drown in your own turnal bleeding in your lungs. But

529
00:30:36,240 --> 00:30:39,600
Speaker 1: what's going on is the result of a massive immune

530
00:30:39,640 --> 00:30:42,560
Speaker 1: response launched by your body because of the presence of

531
00:30:42,560 --> 00:30:44,880
Speaker 1: what it takes as a foreign invader. If you take

532
00:30:44,960 --> 00:30:48,520
Speaker 1: the blood of somebody with the same blood type as yours,

533
00:30:48,920 --> 00:30:52,480
Speaker 1: even though it comes from another person, entirely your blood

534
00:30:52,680 --> 00:30:55,600
Speaker 1: is used to the antigen present on that blood type

535
00:30:55,680 --> 00:30:58,080
Speaker 1: because that's the one that produces itself, and it just

536
00:30:58,120 --> 00:31:01,280
Speaker 1: thinks it's more of the same blood that it produced

537
00:31:02,240 --> 00:31:06,160
Speaker 1: in your body. That's right, So this is all super interesting.

538
00:31:06,560 --> 00:31:08,800
Speaker 1: Uh I guess after this break we're going to talk

539
00:31:08,840 --> 00:31:12,440
Speaker 1: a little bit about why we have blood types and

540
00:31:12,480 --> 00:31:30,640
Speaker 1: where they came from to begin with. Al Right, before

541
00:31:30,680 --> 00:31:34,920
Speaker 1: the break, my friend, we were talking about what are

542
00:31:34,960 --> 00:31:40,640
Speaker 1: blood types come from? It's true, that was the title

543
00:31:40,680 --> 00:31:43,040
Speaker 1: of the segment. Well, I had no I don't even

544
00:31:43,040 --> 00:31:45,360
Speaker 1: know what that accident was or who that was supposed

545
00:31:45,360 --> 00:31:47,680
Speaker 1: to be. It was the one group that you can

546
00:31:47,760 --> 00:31:50,960
Speaker 1: make fun of now, which is this non existent when

547
00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:54,080
Speaker 1: you just made the indefinable group thinking about that the

548
00:31:54,120 --> 00:31:56,600
Speaker 1: other day, is there anybody Germans you can make fun

549
00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:58,480
Speaker 1: of Germans? Still, right? And you can make fun of

550
00:31:58,480 --> 00:32:02,000
Speaker 1: white men? Oh yeah, because like the n asking for

551
00:32:02,120 --> 00:32:06,000
Speaker 1: it for millennia totally. Yeah, there's nothing you can say

552
00:32:06,040 --> 00:32:08,800
Speaker 1: to a white man that is, you know, truly offensive.

553
00:32:09,480 --> 00:32:12,200
Speaker 1: It's true. Yeah, I guess it is, sad man. This

554
00:32:12,360 --> 00:32:16,000
Speaker 1: just took a really surprising n I remember my sociology

555
00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:18,920
Speaker 1: teacher in college that taught as that. Yeah, because they

556
00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:21,200
Speaker 1: he was putting up bad words about different races and

557
00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:24,800
Speaker 1: ethnic groups and sexes. And he's like, you might notice something.

558
00:32:24,840 --> 00:32:26,840
Speaker 1: He's a there's no word that you can call a

559
00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:30,200
Speaker 1: white man that is truly truly offensive. And really there

560
00:32:30,240 --> 00:32:32,680
Speaker 1: really isn't. I mean, a d bag, I guess, but

561
00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:35,120
Speaker 1: that's not offensive. You're just either that or you're not.

562
00:32:35,480 --> 00:32:39,440
Speaker 1: It's the truth or it's not. All right, So let's

563
00:32:39,440 --> 00:32:43,320
Speaker 1: get back to blood types. Where did it come from?

564
00:32:43,440 --> 00:32:45,480
Speaker 1: I know who it is. It's Balky bar taka mos.

565
00:32:46,040 --> 00:32:49,920
Speaker 1: I can't make no. He was from an unknown country, right, yeah, yeah,

566
00:32:49,960 --> 00:32:54,480
Speaker 1: there you go. All right. So primate species, my friend,

567
00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:59,480
Speaker 1: we found out that primate species had blood that you

568
00:32:59,480 --> 00:33:03,440
Speaker 1: could make with human blood. It wasn't a cow, it

569
00:33:03,560 --> 00:33:08,360
Speaker 1: wasn't a sheep, but primates because they're closer relatives than

570
00:33:08,520 --> 00:33:11,120
Speaker 1: cows and sheeps does well, that's what that was the assumption,

571
00:33:11,160 --> 00:33:13,560
Speaker 1: but it's still scientists were kind of scratching their heads.

572
00:33:13,600 --> 00:33:15,240
Speaker 1: They're like, oh, wait a minute, and what are we

573
00:33:15,320 --> 00:33:18,200
Speaker 1: to make of this? Because it suggests two things. It

574
00:33:18,280 --> 00:33:22,160
Speaker 1: suggests that either blood types are so old that they

575
00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:28,480
Speaker 1: predate human and uh like chimps and girls, so we

576
00:33:28,480 --> 00:33:32,520
Speaker 1: we share some sort of common ancestor that have blood

577
00:33:32,520 --> 00:33:38,800
Speaker 1: types itself, or that blood types evolved independently in different species.

578
00:33:38,840 --> 00:33:43,360
Speaker 1: Because it's like such a great idea, right right, Either way,

579
00:33:43,680 --> 00:33:48,200
Speaker 1: they still said, well, what are these things for? Yeah,

580
00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:50,920
Speaker 1: And some people for a long time said that, oh,

581
00:33:51,160 --> 00:33:54,360
Speaker 1: was the original the O G blood type, Yeah, which

582
00:33:54,360 --> 00:33:56,760
Speaker 1: makes sense because it's the simplest one. Yeah. And they

583
00:33:56,760 --> 00:33:59,840
Speaker 1: thought that, you know, our original ancestors in Africa had type.

584
00:34:00,000 --> 00:34:02,640
Speaker 1: Other people thought A B might have been the original

585
00:34:02,680 --> 00:34:07,360
Speaker 1: because um it evolved into a B and O, which

586
00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:10,920
Speaker 1: that sort of makes sense to and one lens right

587
00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:14,680
Speaker 1: and then is broken down into its constituent. But neither

588
00:34:14,680 --> 00:34:17,359
Speaker 1: one of them, it turns out, are probably true. Right. Well,

589
00:34:17,520 --> 00:34:20,520
Speaker 1: we we honestly don't know. We just there's first of all,

590
00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:23,839
Speaker 1: not all of the primates genes have been surveyed, so

591
00:34:23,960 --> 00:34:26,120
Speaker 1: we can't really say, but they've looked into a lot

592
00:34:26,120 --> 00:34:29,040
Speaker 1: of them. They have UM and the results are still

593
00:34:29,080 --> 00:34:33,320
Speaker 1: just kind of baffling. Like guerrillas just have type by UM.

594
00:34:33,360 --> 00:34:36,840
Speaker 1: I think chimps have type A and O. But that's it. Uh.

595
00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:38,560
Speaker 1: We we don't quite know what to make of it.

596
00:34:38,600 --> 00:34:40,799
Speaker 1: We do know that it's not just primates that have

597
00:34:41,080 --> 00:34:45,279
Speaker 1: blood types. Cats and dogs both too. Yeah, and I

598
00:34:45,440 --> 00:34:47,919
Speaker 1: never thought about it that you can have your cat

599
00:34:48,040 --> 00:34:51,160
Speaker 1: or dog if you want to feel really good about yourself. Yeah,

600
00:34:51,280 --> 00:34:54,080
Speaker 1: but really piss off your animals. You can take them

601
00:34:54,080 --> 00:34:57,640
Speaker 1: in and have them give blood. Yeah, there's animal dog

602
00:34:57,719 --> 00:35:01,000
Speaker 1: like dog and cat blood banks. Yeah, there's one right here. Indicator.

603
00:35:01,160 --> 00:35:04,600
Speaker 1: Consult your vet. Huh yeah, consult your vet, piss off

604
00:35:04,600 --> 00:35:06,840
Speaker 1: your cat, take them in to give blood, and explain

605
00:35:06,880 --> 00:35:09,359
Speaker 1: to them what a great thing they're doing, right right,

606
00:35:09,880 --> 00:35:14,040
Speaker 1: Just wear like leather falconry gloves while you're doing it.

607
00:35:14,040 --> 00:35:15,520
Speaker 1: It is a great thing to do. But yeah, it

608
00:35:15,640 --> 00:35:17,640
Speaker 1: just never occurred to me. Of course, that's what you

609
00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:21,440
Speaker 1: need to do as a responsible pet owner, right, I

610
00:35:21,520 --> 00:35:25,360
Speaker 1: guess maybe start with donating your human blood first, and

611
00:35:25,400 --> 00:35:28,600
Speaker 1: then once you got that down, pat bring your dog

612
00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:30,279
Speaker 1: into the mix. Well, you have to go to a

613
00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:33,600
Speaker 1: special dog and cat blood bank. Yeah, can tell your vet.

614
00:35:34,160 --> 00:35:36,080
Speaker 1: And I think if I looked at a my all

615
00:35:36,120 --> 00:35:37,880
Speaker 1: mine are too old, which is sad. I think you

616
00:35:38,040 --> 00:35:41,480
Speaker 1: can't be over seven. Well at least did the one indicator.

617
00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:44,560
Speaker 1: Maybe there's different looking for spry blood, I guess. So, yeah,

618
00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:49,520
Speaker 1: it's very sad for me. My guys. Um, so here's

619
00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:52,640
Speaker 1: a neat thing, though, Josh. Blood types aren't even said

620
00:35:52,680 --> 00:35:55,520
Speaker 1: in stone necessarily they can change, and it's mind blowing

621
00:35:55,840 --> 00:35:59,000
Speaker 1: it is. And I found this really neat. Uh, well,

622
00:35:59,040 --> 00:36:01,080
Speaker 1: a couple of neat things. One is not only can

623
00:36:01,160 --> 00:36:04,279
Speaker 1: it change, We'll go and explain how it can change naturally. Well,

624
00:36:04,320 --> 00:36:08,080
Speaker 1: our old friend epigenetics, Um, what was that episode we did,

625
00:36:08,120 --> 00:36:11,080
Speaker 1: can your can my Grandfather's diet short in my Life?

626
00:36:10,920 --> 00:36:13,040
Speaker 1: One of our best? Yes, it was, And no one

627
00:36:13,080 --> 00:36:16,520
Speaker 1: has any ideas about epigenetics because of the title. But

628
00:36:16,600 --> 00:36:19,040
Speaker 1: if you are looking for an epigenetics episode, go listen

629
00:36:19,040 --> 00:36:22,000
Speaker 1: to that one. But basically, because of changes in the

630
00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:27,400
Speaker 1: way genes are expressed, if your say, a mutation on

631
00:36:27,520 --> 00:36:31,480
Speaker 1: your gene is shut down epigenetically, then all of a

632
00:36:31,520 --> 00:36:34,480
Speaker 1: sudden over time, because red blood cells have about a

633
00:36:34,520 --> 00:36:38,600
Speaker 1: four month life span and bloods is constantly regenerating itself. Um,

634
00:36:38,920 --> 00:36:42,279
Speaker 1: you will turn into an OH blood type person within

635
00:36:42,360 --> 00:36:45,960
Speaker 1: your lifetime. You may not even notice, and until you

636
00:36:45,960 --> 00:36:48,960
Speaker 1: get a blood transfer, then you're gonna notice. But I

637
00:36:48,800 --> 00:36:51,799
Speaker 1: imagine that are good friends at the Red Cross test

638
00:36:51,920 --> 00:36:55,040
Speaker 1: blood type that kind of thing with each donation and

639
00:36:55,160 --> 00:36:57,520
Speaker 1: just leave it to to presumption. I don't think we

640
00:36:57,600 --> 00:37:00,160
Speaker 1: even pointed out they to test this. They still is

641
00:37:00,160 --> 00:37:03,280
Speaker 1: a similar method of mixing blood and scene if it clumps,

642
00:37:03,880 --> 00:37:06,279
Speaker 1: the same thing that the Landstoner did way back in

643
00:37:06,320 --> 00:37:09,760
Speaker 1: the day. So I found another couple of cool things. Though, Um,

644
00:37:09,840 --> 00:37:11,600
Speaker 1: this is from two years ago and I couldn't get

645
00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:14,680
Speaker 1: anything more recent. I think it is still under review.

646
00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:20,239
Speaker 1: But they think now that they can actually not synthetically,

647
00:37:20,280 --> 00:37:24,560
Speaker 1: but just not naturally change your blood type two oh

648
00:37:25,520 --> 00:37:27,799
Speaker 1: to make you. And this would be great because if

649
00:37:27,800 --> 00:37:30,240
Speaker 1: you could change blood type and this is in the body,

650
00:37:30,280 --> 00:37:32,920
Speaker 1: this is in the blood bag, change it from a

651
00:37:33,040 --> 00:37:34,800
Speaker 1: B two oh, then that means, all of a sudden

652
00:37:34,840 --> 00:37:39,239
Speaker 1: you have a more valuable blood because it's more universally accepted. Uh.

653
00:37:39,239 --> 00:37:41,279
Speaker 1: And what they've done is um, of course it was

654
00:37:41,760 --> 00:37:45,600
Speaker 1: the University of Copenhagen Professor Einrich Calaussen. They're always doing

655
00:37:45,680 --> 00:37:49,480
Speaker 1: the best work, it seems like. Um. So they found

656
00:37:49,520 --> 00:37:54,319
Speaker 1: they studied different types of fungi and bacteria and found, uh,

657
00:37:54,360 --> 00:37:56,600
Speaker 1: they're looking for proteins that could help, and they found

658
00:37:56,960 --> 00:38:03,480
Speaker 1: two that could help. One was called Elizabeth Kenya men

659
00:38:03,560 --> 00:38:09,520
Speaker 1: in go specate them septicum. Nice. My guess is that

660
00:38:09,920 --> 00:38:13,400
Speaker 1: Professor Erorich either has a daughter or a wife named Elizabeth. Yeah,

661
00:38:13,480 --> 00:38:17,640
Speaker 1: who's like, I got a bacteria or he's in big trouble. Uh.

662
00:38:17,680 --> 00:38:22,680
Speaker 1: And then the other one is Bacteriosis fragilus and basically

663
00:38:22,680 --> 00:38:26,879
Speaker 1: those two yielded enzymes that remove those A and B antigens. Yeah,

664
00:38:26,920 --> 00:38:29,640
Speaker 1: they just sheered those sugars off. They go in and

665
00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:32,279
Speaker 1: made it the O type. So I don't know where

666
00:38:32,320 --> 00:38:34,960
Speaker 1: that's at now, but that was just from two years ago. Uh.

667
00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:37,919
Speaker 1: And then this this case of this girl that doctor

668
00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:42,839
Speaker 1: say is a one in six billion event. At nine

669
00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:45,239
Speaker 1: years old, she got a liver transplant. And everyone knows

670
00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:47,439
Speaker 1: when you get an organ transplant, getting it to take

671
00:38:47,600 --> 00:38:50,400
Speaker 1: is a big deal. Uh, not having it rejected. And

672
00:38:50,440 --> 00:38:52,720
Speaker 1: what they do is they give you medication, usually for life,

673
00:38:53,080 --> 00:38:56,480
Speaker 1: to make sure it stays not rejected. What they found

674
00:38:56,480 --> 00:38:58,520
Speaker 1: with her was that when she got her new liver,

675
00:38:58,680 --> 00:39:02,680
Speaker 1: the drugs actually made her sick, the ones to keep

676
00:39:02,680 --> 00:39:04,880
Speaker 1: her from rejecting it. And what they found when they

677
00:39:04,880 --> 00:39:08,000
Speaker 1: tested her blood was that her body was changing its

678
00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:12,600
Speaker 1: blood type and completely changed its blood type to where

679
00:39:12,640 --> 00:39:15,759
Speaker 1: she didn't need those drugs anymore. It changed from OH

680
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:19,040
Speaker 1: negative to oh positive, right, and she completely went off

681
00:39:19,040 --> 00:39:21,040
Speaker 1: those drugs. And I think she's like twenty years old now,

682
00:39:21,560 --> 00:39:23,840
Speaker 1: and the doctors I don't think they have any explanation

683
00:39:23,920 --> 00:39:27,239
Speaker 1: for it other than I guess this can happen. Her

684
00:39:27,280 --> 00:39:31,120
Speaker 1: body was like like the kind of local tough that

685
00:39:31,200 --> 00:39:33,399
Speaker 1: fights with pool queues or something like that. You know.

686
00:39:34,040 --> 00:39:35,759
Speaker 1: I was like, all right, just what I gotta do.

687
00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:39,280
Speaker 1: I gotta do what I gotta do keep this liver. Uh.

688
00:39:39,320 --> 00:39:42,120
Speaker 1: So that's pretty awesome. Yeah, that was super awesome. One

689
00:39:42,120 --> 00:39:45,160
Speaker 1: in six billion. It's pretty nice to have that quantified

690
00:39:45,239 --> 00:39:47,480
Speaker 1: for you. You know. I bet she feels like a

691
00:39:47,520 --> 00:39:51,319
Speaker 1: lucky lady. So, Chuck, we've kind of laid out by

692
00:39:51,360 --> 00:39:55,719
Speaker 1: now that blood types are confounding science still um but

693
00:39:55,800 --> 00:39:59,200
Speaker 1: there are some guests, some assumptions about why we have them,

694
00:39:59,280 --> 00:40:02,879
Speaker 1: Although that is the that is still the question that

695
00:40:02,960 --> 00:40:07,480
Speaker 1: plagues blood researchers. Why do we have blood types. Well,

696
00:40:07,520 --> 00:40:10,800
Speaker 1: you'd think it was because, you know, because they're fighting

697
00:40:10,800 --> 00:40:14,879
Speaker 1: off uh, blood born invaders. Like, that's why we have them.

698
00:40:14,880 --> 00:40:17,640
Speaker 1: But that doesn't explain why we have different ones, right exactly.

699
00:40:17,680 --> 00:40:20,959
Speaker 1: And then what confounds that even further is the fact

700
00:40:20,960 --> 00:40:26,040
Speaker 1: that apparently some blood types actually increase your susceptibility to

701
00:40:26,600 --> 00:40:30,040
Speaker 1: some blood born invaders. Yes, so some blood types help

702
00:40:30,160 --> 00:40:33,399
Speaker 1: certain fight certain diseases and not others. And like you said,

703
00:40:33,400 --> 00:40:35,520
Speaker 1: then there are others that make you more susceptible. Yeah,

704
00:40:35,520 --> 00:40:37,799
Speaker 1: and not only in the case of like where oh,

705
00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:42,560
Speaker 1: not having this a antigen makes me more susceptible because

706
00:40:42,600 --> 00:40:47,719
Speaker 1: the a antigen fights off say I think malaria more.

707
00:40:48,360 --> 00:40:50,560
Speaker 1: It's not even the case of that. In some cases,

708
00:40:50,880 --> 00:40:54,480
Speaker 1: having an antigen proves to be food for certain kind

709
00:40:54,520 --> 00:40:59,840
Speaker 1: of um germs and bacteria that cause illness actually binds easier. Yeah,

710
00:40:59,840 --> 00:41:02,239
Speaker 1: it binds or they eat like the sugar of the

711
00:41:02,239 --> 00:41:05,120
Speaker 1: protein and they just go attack your body. Like it's

712
00:41:05,160 --> 00:41:07,840
Speaker 1: like food, Like your blood type is food to certain

713
00:41:07,920 --> 00:41:11,400
Speaker 1: kinds of diseases that make you terribly sick. Right, So

714
00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:16,400
Speaker 1: from an evolutionary standpoint, those things should not exist. Yeah,

715
00:41:16,440 --> 00:41:19,759
Speaker 1: the only thing to me that makes sense is when

716
00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:23,399
Speaker 1: you included this word in here, which is variation, And

717
00:41:23,680 --> 00:41:27,600
Speaker 1: that to me makes sense because variation is generally pretty

718
00:41:27,640 --> 00:41:33,799
Speaker 1: good for a population, right, because it covers more bases. Uh.

719
00:41:33,840 --> 00:41:36,719
Speaker 1: And in this case that maybe why I mean they

720
00:41:36,800 --> 00:41:40,480
Speaker 1: have found Kevin Kane, this guy. University of Toronto did

721
00:41:40,480 --> 00:41:42,520
Speaker 1: a lot of investigating on this and found that, like

722
00:41:42,560 --> 00:41:46,200
Speaker 1: you said, it was, Type OH protects against malaria better.

723
00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:50,560
Speaker 1: Type A makes you more susceptible to pulp smallpox. Type

724
00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:53,000
Speaker 1: B you're more likely to be infected by E. Coli.

725
00:41:53,840 --> 00:41:57,439
Speaker 1: So it's just you should know what your blood type

726
00:41:57,480 --> 00:41:59,799
Speaker 1: is and what you're more likely to get and not get. Yeah,

727
00:42:00,000 --> 00:42:02,840
Speaker 1: would think. And again remember we said that UM that

728
00:42:03,080 --> 00:42:08,600
Speaker 1: some some anergin service binding sites for certain kinds of bacteria.

729
00:42:08,920 --> 00:42:11,959
Speaker 1: Same thing with the neuro virus UM, which has nothing

730
00:42:12,000 --> 00:42:14,000
Speaker 1: to do with your bloods seem to make any sense

731
00:42:14,200 --> 00:42:16,799
Speaker 1: at first at first, until you find out that not

732
00:42:16,920 --> 00:42:19,880
Speaker 1: only does UM do the does your body express your

733
00:42:19,880 --> 00:42:22,960
Speaker 1: blood type anogens on the surface of your red blood cells,

734
00:42:23,160 --> 00:42:26,320
Speaker 1: it also expresses them on the surface of the cells

735
00:42:26,400 --> 00:42:29,960
Speaker 1: that line your gut. And neuro virus has had a

736
00:42:29,960 --> 00:42:33,799
Speaker 1: lot to do with your gut. So specifically, I think

737
00:42:33,840 --> 00:42:38,640
Speaker 1: if you're Type OH, you UM have basically what accounts

738
00:42:38,800 --> 00:42:42,960
Speaker 1: what amounts to a landing pad for UM neuro virus

739
00:42:43,400 --> 00:42:45,920
Speaker 1: to bind too, and you are really going to be

740
00:42:45,960 --> 00:42:48,839
Speaker 1: hating it compared to everybody else on the cruise ship

741
00:42:48,880 --> 00:42:51,799
Speaker 1: that has Type A B or A B or if

742
00:42:51,800 --> 00:42:54,840
Speaker 1: your type OH, you might get a ruptured Achilles tendon

743
00:42:54,960 --> 00:42:57,200
Speaker 1: or an ulcer a little more easily, and that weird. Yeah,

744
00:42:57,200 --> 00:43:00,239
Speaker 1: they've linked a lot of a lot of susceptibilityy to

745
00:43:00,320 --> 00:43:05,960
Speaker 1: illness is two different blood types, So infections, cancers, memory loss,

746
00:43:06,280 --> 00:43:10,399
Speaker 1: heart disease get this. Type A blood types are most

747
00:43:10,520 --> 00:43:13,239
Speaker 1: most susceptible to stress, which makes a lot of sense

748
00:43:13,280 --> 00:43:15,880
Speaker 1: because the type of personality is like, I don't think

749
00:43:15,920 --> 00:43:19,840
Speaker 1: those are l go go go, let's get things done

750
00:43:19,920 --> 00:43:23,160
Speaker 1: kind of thing type. But that's not what you know.

751
00:43:23,680 --> 00:43:28,120
Speaker 1: We don't know. Uh. All this ignorance though lead to

752
00:43:29,120 --> 00:43:32,320
Speaker 1: a discovery, while it didn't lead to but it's exemplified

753
00:43:32,360 --> 00:43:37,400
Speaker 1: by the discovery in ninety two and Bombay UM patients

754
00:43:37,520 --> 00:43:42,480
Speaker 1: that didn't have a B O blood type at all confounding.

755
00:43:42,560 --> 00:43:44,920
Speaker 1: It's called the Bombay phenotype and it was discovered in

756
00:43:44,920 --> 00:43:48,600
Speaker 1: the fifties, and basically it's um. It's really rare. It's

757
00:43:48,640 --> 00:43:52,440
Speaker 1: again Carl Zimmer comes in to say, if owes that

758
00:43:52,560 --> 00:43:56,440
Speaker 1: single story ranch and A is two story and b's

759
00:43:56,440 --> 00:43:59,640
Speaker 1: a two story house, then this Bombay phenotype is an

760
00:43:59,680 --> 00:44:02,120
Speaker 1: empty vacant lot. Yeah, like these are the guys that

761
00:44:02,200 --> 00:44:05,799
Speaker 1: have nothing there. Yeah, as far as goes and uh,

762
00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:09,520
Speaker 1: in India, you're about one in ten thousand. You have

763
00:44:09,560 --> 00:44:13,160
Speaker 1: one inten thousand chants of having this UM blood type,

764
00:44:13,280 --> 00:44:16,200
Speaker 1: and one in four million in the world. But the

765
00:44:16,560 --> 00:44:19,960
Speaker 1: thing that's confounding about is these people don't appear to

766
00:44:20,000 --> 00:44:23,560
Speaker 1: be any more or less fit or healthy than people

767
00:44:23,760 --> 00:44:26,239
Speaker 1: in the A B O blood group. Yeah, it's just

768
00:44:26,320 --> 00:44:28,439
Speaker 1: if you need that blood, you're in bad shape. Yeah,

769
00:44:28,440 --> 00:44:31,239
Speaker 1: you have to get Bombay because I think uh, I

770
00:44:31,239 --> 00:44:33,560
Speaker 1: think blood has a shelf life of about forty two days.

771
00:44:34,320 --> 00:44:38,880
Speaker 1: So I mean imagine places like India and Bombay especially,

772
00:44:39,239 --> 00:44:41,000
Speaker 1: they probably have a lot more of this on hand.

773
00:44:41,719 --> 00:44:44,279
Speaker 1: But if you're traveling in the United States, maybe you

774
00:44:44,400 --> 00:44:47,279
Speaker 1: might have a bit of a time if you're bleeding out.

775
00:44:48,920 --> 00:44:53,400
Speaker 1: It was also a general hospital subplot, wasn't really I

776
00:44:53,480 --> 00:44:55,759
Speaker 1: was just poking around and it was like a leave

777
00:44:55,800 --> 00:44:58,239
Speaker 1: it to the soap opera to make that like the

778
00:44:58,320 --> 00:45:02,359
Speaker 1: rarest blood type a sub paternity subplot. That was how

779
00:45:02,360 --> 00:45:04,560
Speaker 1: they proved out fraternity for one of the somebody had

780
00:45:04,600 --> 00:45:08,319
Speaker 1: the Bombay phenixs. Yeah, they're like, it is you and

781
00:45:08,360 --> 00:45:14,960
Speaker 1: you're a secretory fuzz uh. So we've talked about how

782
00:45:15,080 --> 00:45:18,680
Speaker 1: the blood types are they make you more or less

783
00:45:18,680 --> 00:45:21,719
Speaker 1: susceptible of the disease, right. They think that that's one

784
00:45:21,760 --> 00:45:25,440
Speaker 1: of the reasons why UM. Different blood types appear in

785
00:45:25,520 --> 00:45:30,840
Speaker 1: different UM ethnic groups differently. They think that it's evidence

786
00:45:30,880 --> 00:45:35,120
Speaker 1: that in the not too distant evolutionary past, certain UM,

787
00:45:35,360 --> 00:45:40,560
Speaker 1: certain parasites or bacteria or germs or viruses that have

788
00:45:40,680 --> 00:45:43,360
Speaker 1: some sort of preference for a certain blood type passed

789
00:45:43,400 --> 00:45:47,399
Speaker 1: through an area and largely wiped out the people with

790
00:45:47,440 --> 00:45:51,359
Speaker 1: that blood type, left the other blood type standing. Yeah,

791
00:45:51,360 --> 00:45:54,680
Speaker 1: we were talking earlier about in China UM, and actually

792
00:45:54,719 --> 00:45:56,440
Speaker 1: in Russian and India two they have a lot more

793
00:45:56,640 --> 00:45:59,960
Speaker 1: blood type b UM, and that is because the bubona

794
00:46:00,080 --> 00:46:03,440
Speaker 1: plague and malaria outbreaks that swept through those countries not

795
00:46:03,560 --> 00:46:07,160
Speaker 1: too long ago and basically wiped out a lot of

796
00:46:07,200 --> 00:46:10,239
Speaker 1: the o's and a's. So you've got a lot more bees. Yeah,

797
00:46:10,520 --> 00:46:15,160
Speaker 1: this isn't This hasn't been proven in science. Things aren't

798
00:46:15,200 --> 00:46:17,480
Speaker 1: proven that there's more and more and more evidence that

799
00:46:17,560 --> 00:46:19,919
Speaker 1: backs it up. It seems to be a correlation. Yeah,

800
00:46:19,960 --> 00:46:22,400
Speaker 1: there is. And it's not just China, Russia, and India.

801
00:46:22,760 --> 00:46:27,360
Speaker 1: Africa has a lot of type uh oh people, which

802
00:46:27,440 --> 00:46:31,960
Speaker 1: is less susceptible than malaria UM, and Africa has a

803
00:46:32,000 --> 00:46:34,239
Speaker 1: lot of malaria. So it does make a lot of

804
00:46:34,280 --> 00:46:38,319
Speaker 1: sense that that's that's what happened. So even if the

805
00:46:38,400 --> 00:46:43,520
Speaker 1: reason we have blood types isn't because UM, it provides

806
00:46:43,560 --> 00:46:47,840
Speaker 1: a defense against defend blood borne um illnesses or whatever.

807
00:46:48,239 --> 00:46:52,200
Speaker 1: It's a function for sure of blood types. If you

808
00:46:52,239 --> 00:46:57,800
Speaker 1: want to not get teleological here, well who does teleologists?

809
00:47:00,040 --> 00:47:04,960
Speaker 1: Oh we'll finish up here with two uh examples of

810
00:47:05,760 --> 00:47:09,360
Speaker 1: well one example of HOKEM. One example that may or

811
00:47:09,440 --> 00:47:11,520
Speaker 1: may not be HOKEM, but it's probably HOKEM at the

812
00:47:11,600 --> 00:47:14,560
Speaker 1: very least. It's fun the blood type diet. There was

813
00:47:14,640 --> 00:47:23,920
Speaker 1: a natural path named Peter damont at Adamo Adamo I

814
00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:26,680
Speaker 1: actually funny enough. I was like, how do you pronounce that?

815
00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:30,120
Speaker 1: I found an old Regis and Kathy Lee. I don't

816
00:47:30,160 --> 00:47:32,360
Speaker 1: know if I would trust that. Well, he was standing

817
00:47:32,440 --> 00:47:34,279
Speaker 1: next to him, and he seemed to agree with it.

818
00:47:34,480 --> 00:47:36,800
Speaker 1: So usually though, when it's a di apostrophe, is just

819
00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:41,239
Speaker 1: dottamo and not diadamo. He didn't correct Regius. Well, who

820
00:47:41,320 --> 00:47:45,560
Speaker 1: does Kathy Lee? Oh, this is pre Kelly Rippa. Yeah,

821
00:47:45,600 --> 00:47:48,000
Speaker 1: it was Regis and Kathy Lee. Well, so she was drunk,

822
00:47:49,239 --> 00:47:53,440
Speaker 1: and just as Regis, all right, this is he is

823
00:47:53,480 --> 00:47:56,359
Speaker 1: a natural path with my wife calls a hokey pokey doctor.

824
00:47:57,080 --> 00:48:00,919
Speaker 1: And he published a very famous and popular book called

825
00:48:01,000 --> 00:48:04,840
Speaker 1: Eat Right for Number four Your Type, Eat Right for

826
00:48:04,920 --> 00:48:09,480
Speaker 1: Your Type UM seven million copies to date, sixty languages

827
00:48:09,560 --> 00:48:14,359
Speaker 1: has been translated into and he postulated that um our

828
00:48:14,400 --> 00:48:18,200
Speaker 1: blood types came along over the years, um as we evolved,

829
00:48:18,840 --> 00:48:22,920
Speaker 1: and that we should eat according to win our blood type.

830
00:48:22,960 --> 00:48:26,719
Speaker 1: What was going on when our blood type first came about? Right?

831
00:48:26,840 --> 00:48:31,160
Speaker 1: Like evolutionarily speaking exactly so like um the I think

832
00:48:31,239 --> 00:48:35,040
Speaker 1: he's he decided that the type oh blood type came

833
00:48:35,080 --> 00:48:39,120
Speaker 1: about during hunter gatherer era. Yeah, you're saying he decided

834
00:48:39,160 --> 00:48:41,920
Speaker 1: it's very key here, Yeah, I mean I don't know

835
00:48:42,040 --> 00:48:44,839
Speaker 1: what it was based on other than his guesses. Um,

836
00:48:44,960 --> 00:48:47,160
Speaker 1: but he and then he said type A was the

837
00:48:47,239 --> 00:48:51,680
Speaker 1: dawn of agriculture. Type B was from the Himalayan highlands

838
00:48:51,760 --> 00:48:54,360
Speaker 1: ten thousand and fifteen thousand years ago. And then he

839
00:48:54,400 --> 00:48:56,719
Speaker 1: said Type A B is a modern blending of Type

840
00:48:56,760 --> 00:49:00,720
Speaker 1: A and Type B. Pretty convenient. So if you, for example,

841
00:49:00,840 --> 00:49:03,880
Speaker 1: or type A, your blood type came about during the

842
00:49:03,960 --> 00:49:08,960
Speaker 1: hunter gather um days, and your your diet should consist

843
00:49:09,080 --> 00:49:12,800
Speaker 1: mostly of like raw vegetarian foods. Now, that's during the

844
00:49:12,880 --> 00:49:18,080
Speaker 1: dawn of agriculture. Hunter gatherer would be meat eaters. Oh sorry, yeah, yeah,

845
00:49:18,360 --> 00:49:19,880
Speaker 1: so that would be type Oh, it would be the

846
00:49:20,040 --> 00:49:22,520
Speaker 1: meat eaters, right. So Type A would be dawn of agriculture.

847
00:49:22,560 --> 00:49:26,359
Speaker 1: So you would eat um, Yeah, vegetables should he said,

848
00:49:26,440 --> 00:49:31,520
Speaker 1: like you yeah, type oh meat rich, no grains and

849
00:49:31,600 --> 00:49:35,520
Speaker 1: dairy type be lots of dairy um. Also called the

850
00:49:35,560 --> 00:49:40,520
Speaker 1: death diet right, and to avoid foods that aren't suited

851
00:49:40,560 --> 00:49:43,680
Speaker 1: to your blood type. And he did this. Um he said,

852
00:49:43,680 --> 00:49:46,360
Speaker 1: it will reduce infections and you'll lose weight and you

853
00:49:46,440 --> 00:49:49,839
Speaker 1: can fight cancer and I can sell books a lot

854
00:49:49,960 --> 00:49:52,719
Speaker 1: of books pretty much was the reason. And they've done

855
00:49:52,800 --> 00:49:55,719
Speaker 1: testing over the years, the Red Cross of Belgium did

856
00:49:56,000 --> 00:49:58,800
Speaker 1: a lot of people have and they've all said this

857
00:49:59,040 --> 00:50:01,400
Speaker 1: is not true. No, the Red Cross of Belgium did

858
00:50:01,440 --> 00:50:03,840
Speaker 1: a survey of a thousand studies and found no directive

859
00:50:03,880 --> 00:50:05,800
Speaker 1: and it's supporting the health effects of the A B

860
00:50:05,920 --> 00:50:09,440
Speaker 1: O blood type diet. End quote. But that's not to

861
00:50:09,480 --> 00:50:11,960
Speaker 1: say that these diets aren't good for you. For example,

862
00:50:12,760 --> 00:50:17,080
Speaker 1: that type A diet, it's basically vegetarianism. So of course

863
00:50:17,120 --> 00:50:20,480
Speaker 1: you're gonna lose weight, you're gonna lower your body mass index. Uh,

864
00:50:20,719 --> 00:50:24,160
Speaker 1: you you may, whatever you're going to. You're going on

865
00:50:24,280 --> 00:50:26,360
Speaker 1: a vegetarian diet. There, but none of these have to

866
00:50:26,400 --> 00:50:28,680
Speaker 1: do a blood type. No, Like, if you're a type oh,

867
00:50:29,000 --> 00:50:31,399
Speaker 1: go on the type A diet and you will see

868
00:50:31,440 --> 00:50:33,960
Speaker 1: those same benefits, same effects, So don't go on the

869
00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:36,719
Speaker 1: type B diet. So basically it seems like this guy

870
00:50:37,040 --> 00:50:40,359
Speaker 1: um just took some some pretty good diets except for yeah,

871
00:50:40,400 --> 00:50:42,800
Speaker 1: the type the type B diet is. Yeah, you'd a

872
00:50:42,840 --> 00:50:46,279
Speaker 1: bunch of fats and dairy. Although fats have gotten a

873
00:50:46,360 --> 00:50:48,359
Speaker 1: bad rap. Yeah, I mean not all fats are bad,

874
00:50:48,440 --> 00:50:51,840
Speaker 1: of course we know that. But but supposed diet is

875
00:50:51,880 --> 00:50:56,319
Speaker 1: not the one to go with. So that was hokum. Allegedly,

876
00:50:56,719 --> 00:51:01,040
Speaker 1: this I'm at the risk of respecting our friends in Asia.

877
00:51:01,080 --> 00:51:03,759
Speaker 1: I'm not gonna call this complete hokum. Well, they they

878
00:51:03,800 --> 00:51:06,720
Speaker 1: believe it pretty like like we believe it is. Actually

879
00:51:06,840 --> 00:51:09,360
Speaker 1: it's gonna say, like we believe astrology. A lot of

880
00:51:09,400 --> 00:51:12,440
Speaker 1: people here just have astrology is like a fun thing

881
00:51:12,520 --> 00:51:17,080
Speaker 1: to read. They really take it seriously in Japan apparently. Yeah, so, um,

882
00:51:18,120 --> 00:51:20,400
Speaker 1: I don't know what you would compare it to over here.

883
00:51:20,440 --> 00:51:22,880
Speaker 1: I don't even know that it has an analog astrology.

884
00:51:23,440 --> 00:51:27,759
Speaker 1: I guess, um, I guess the but the but yeah,

885
00:51:27,840 --> 00:51:30,600
Speaker 1: there's the distinction is is that like over there, more

886
00:51:30,680 --> 00:51:34,080
Speaker 1: people definitely take it as as fact. Yes, I'm saying

887
00:51:34,080 --> 00:51:35,919
Speaker 1: they take it way more seriously. But it's being born

888
00:51:36,000 --> 00:51:38,960
Speaker 1: with something that determines your personality type. So back in

889
00:51:39,040 --> 00:51:43,520
Speaker 1: the seven two kg, fur Fura Kawa, who is a

890
00:51:43,600 --> 00:51:48,960
Speaker 1: professor at Tokyo Women's Teachers School, he decided that blood types,

891
00:51:49,560 --> 00:51:51,960
Speaker 1: and this is based on his observations, blood types and

892
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:55,360
Speaker 1: personality types were related somehow, and he started to do

893
00:51:55,520 --> 00:51:59,600
Speaker 1: some studies and he decided, I've got this figured out.

894
00:51:59,680 --> 00:52:02,879
Speaker 1: I I've got them mapped. I have type A, type

895
00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:06,200
Speaker 1: B type baby and type OH personality types map And

896
00:52:06,280 --> 00:52:09,480
Speaker 1: it actually caught on, uh, in the East big time

897
00:52:09,560 --> 00:52:12,360
Speaker 1: and still is today. And the Japanese actually have a

898
00:52:12,520 --> 00:52:16,560
Speaker 1: word for a type of harassment, say basically getting passed

899
00:52:16,600 --> 00:52:18,960
Speaker 1: over for a job or not getting into a certain

900
00:52:19,000 --> 00:52:23,279
Speaker 1: school based on your blood type. Yeah, buddhah, Yeah, is

901
00:52:23,280 --> 00:52:26,239
Speaker 1: that right? Is a good pronouncement. I think of pronunciation,

902
00:52:26,600 --> 00:52:31,359
Speaker 1: I couldn't even frown that up, but blood type harassment. Yeah.

903
00:52:31,360 --> 00:52:34,000
Speaker 1: And we'll go over these because it's, um, they're cute.

904
00:52:34,080 --> 00:52:37,399
Speaker 1: It's interesting. Um, if you're blood type A, you were

905
00:52:37,520 --> 00:52:41,240
Speaker 1: going to be kind and compassionate and put others before yourself.

906
00:52:42,320 --> 00:52:44,239
Speaker 1: You're calm on the outside, but you have a lot

907
00:52:44,280 --> 00:52:47,000
Speaker 1: of inner turmoil. Um, but you're a good listener, and

908
00:52:47,000 --> 00:52:48,640
Speaker 1: you're gonna have a lot of friends, and you get

909
00:52:48,640 --> 00:52:51,560
Speaker 1: along with others well. But it's typically at the expense

910
00:52:51,640 --> 00:52:54,000
Speaker 1: of your own sense of balance and happiness. You're just

911
00:52:54,760 --> 00:52:57,640
Speaker 1: giving a little too much. Yeah, you're not speaking up

912
00:52:57,680 --> 00:53:00,520
Speaker 1: for yourself necessarily in order to keep the peace. That's right.

913
00:53:01,280 --> 00:53:04,560
Speaker 1: That's type A. Yeah. Type B is the George Clooney

914
00:53:04,600 --> 00:53:10,080
Speaker 1: of blood types. Smug. No, he's not smug. What I

915
00:53:10,080 --> 00:53:14,320
Speaker 1: don't think he's smug. What it's like, it's defining characteristic.

916
00:53:14,600 --> 00:53:18,160
Speaker 1: I don't think he smug at all. Oh my god, really, yes,

917
00:53:18,280 --> 00:53:20,839
Speaker 1: I'm about a faint. No, I don't find him smug

918
00:53:20,920 --> 00:53:23,359
Speaker 1: at all. I think if you agree with someone, then

919
00:53:23,400 --> 00:53:25,279
Speaker 1: you probably don't find them smug. I agree with him

920
00:53:25,280 --> 00:53:26,759
Speaker 1: in a lot of ways. I think it's a really

921
00:53:26,880 --> 00:53:29,399
Speaker 1: cool thing to do to spend your money the higher

922
00:53:29,440 --> 00:53:32,160
Speaker 1: satellites to track war lords in Africa. That's about as

923
00:53:32,200 --> 00:53:33,960
Speaker 1: cool a thing as you can do with your riches

924
00:53:34,000 --> 00:53:37,160
Speaker 1: as anybody. Right, I still think he's smug. I don't

925
00:53:37,160 --> 00:53:39,080
Speaker 1: think he smugging. I can't like. I don't think he

926
00:53:39,120 --> 00:53:43,440
Speaker 1: can help it. I think we have different definitions of smug.

927
00:53:43,640 --> 00:53:46,520
Speaker 1: If you mean handsome and winning and charming, then yes,

928
00:53:46,560 --> 00:53:49,960
Speaker 1: he's smug. And being a hundred and ten percent aware

929
00:53:50,400 --> 00:53:53,239
Speaker 1: that you're handsome and charming and winning at any given moment,

930
00:53:53,360 --> 00:53:56,520
Speaker 1: down to the molecular levels. That's my definition of smug.

931
00:53:58,040 --> 00:54:01,279
Speaker 1: Awareness of your good looks. That yeah, over confident self

932
00:54:01,320 --> 00:54:05,360
Speaker 1: awareness is smugness. I'm on team Cleaney. I'm not opposed

933
00:54:05,440 --> 00:54:08,040
Speaker 1: George Claney. I just think I just can't imagine not

934
00:54:08,200 --> 00:54:11,200
Speaker 1: thinking you smug. Well, imagine it, baby, like I don't

935
00:54:11,239 --> 00:54:14,719
Speaker 1: even know you right now. Well, that's because I'm a

936
00:54:14,760 --> 00:54:18,040
Speaker 1: personality Type BE blood Type BE, like my buddy George,

937
00:54:18,280 --> 00:54:21,520
Speaker 1: that means I'm outgoing, in friendly. I'm a people person,

938
00:54:22,239 --> 00:54:25,080
Speaker 1: and I don't do that at the expense of my

939
00:54:25,239 --> 00:54:29,560
Speaker 1: own feelings. It just comes naturally, too, yeah, George. Whereas

940
00:54:29,560 --> 00:54:31,920
Speaker 1: like a Type A would like you're a people person,

941
00:54:32,000 --> 00:54:34,640
Speaker 1: but you really expend a lot of energy being a

942
00:54:34,719 --> 00:54:37,080
Speaker 1: people person. Type B. It's just like you said, it

943
00:54:37,160 --> 00:54:41,000
Speaker 1: just comes naturally. You're very adjustable. Uh, you're good at

944
00:54:41,120 --> 00:54:42,719
Speaker 1: a job if you have to deal with people. I

945
00:54:42,760 --> 00:54:45,719
Speaker 1: don't think we said that. Type A blood people don't

946
00:54:45,800 --> 00:54:47,640
Speaker 1: like to have jobs where they deal with other people. Right.

947
00:54:48,160 --> 00:54:52,520
Speaker 1: It gives examples of programmers, accountants, writers, librarians are good

948
00:54:52,840 --> 00:54:56,120
Speaker 1: jobs for Type A. Uh, and Type BE like Mr Cliney,

949
00:54:56,239 --> 00:54:59,400
Speaker 1: is not suitable for marriage because they're flirty and playful

950
00:54:59,480 --> 00:55:03,239
Speaker 1: and sm YEA, so say Korean women, that's right. Um,

951
00:55:04,160 --> 00:55:07,480
Speaker 1: you added the smug thing by the way at the end, Yes,

952
00:55:07,719 --> 00:55:12,040
Speaker 1: of course I did. That was pretty smug. Type A

953
00:55:12,200 --> 00:55:16,160
Speaker 1: B though they are freedom loving. Yeah, they're strong and rational.

954
00:55:16,760 --> 00:55:20,120
Speaker 1: They don't worry about the little things. Uh. They can

955
00:55:20,360 --> 00:55:23,759
Speaker 1: look at life's challenges with emotion removed and say this

956
00:55:23,800 --> 00:55:25,360
Speaker 1: is what I need to do to get past this.

957
00:55:25,800 --> 00:55:29,239
Speaker 1: So their psychopaths, uh, not necessarily. They seem to not

958
00:55:29,400 --> 00:55:31,880
Speaker 1: have issues with the relationships, and they're quite popular. They

959
00:55:31,880 --> 00:55:35,000
Speaker 1: seem to be the winningest personality group. I'm gonna go

960
00:55:35,040 --> 00:55:38,120
Speaker 1: a psychopath for that. I mean, I see what you're saying,

961
00:55:38,200 --> 00:55:41,080
Speaker 1: but yeah, I don't think so. Uh. And then finally

962
00:55:41,160 --> 00:55:45,239
Speaker 1: we have personality. Oh blood type. Oh, you're responsible and

963
00:55:45,320 --> 00:55:48,839
Speaker 1: practical and rule conscious. You're a great leader and very

964
00:55:48,920 --> 00:55:53,239
Speaker 1: determined to achieve your goals. You're physically strong, so you

965
00:55:53,320 --> 00:55:56,320
Speaker 1: might be a good athlete. Yeah, and they're most happy

966
00:55:56,440 --> 00:56:00,279
Speaker 1: with other typeos or type abes, and that are the

967
00:56:00,320 --> 00:56:03,560
Speaker 1: personality blood types. I've never heard of that. That's all

968
00:56:03,640 --> 00:56:06,160
Speaker 1: we know about blood time. I thought that was pretty neat.

969
00:56:06,200 --> 00:56:08,560
Speaker 1: I never heard that that was a big thing. Yeah,

970
00:56:08,600 --> 00:56:09,799
Speaker 1: you've me told me about that. I was like, we're

971
00:56:09,960 --> 00:56:12,320
Speaker 1: doing blood type. She's like, oh, you know about like

972
00:56:12,920 --> 00:56:17,360
Speaker 1: Japanese blood types, right, blood type personality type. Yeah, She's like,

973
00:56:17,440 --> 00:56:21,040
Speaker 1: you know, like George Clooney, smuck. You're like, we're meant

974
00:56:21,080 --> 00:56:25,000
Speaker 1: to be together. It's funny. We just hold hands and

975
00:56:25,080 --> 00:56:31,160
Speaker 1: watch monuments manners, just like, oh god, alright, Chuck. If

976
00:56:31,200 --> 00:56:33,759
Speaker 1: people want to know more about blood types, I would

977
00:56:33,800 --> 00:56:36,680
Speaker 1: steer clear how stuff works because it has one of

978
00:56:36,760 --> 00:56:39,600
Speaker 1: the densest, most incomprehensible articles I've ever read in my

979
00:56:39,680 --> 00:56:44,359
Speaker 1: life on this site about blood It really needs rewriting. UM.

980
00:56:44,560 --> 00:56:46,440
Speaker 1: This this thing you put together was great, Thank you.

981
00:56:46,520 --> 00:56:48,279
Speaker 1: I appreciate that. UM, and a lot of it was

982
00:56:48,320 --> 00:56:51,239
Speaker 1: based on a mosaic article by Carl Zimmer about blood types,

983
00:56:51,239 --> 00:56:54,640
Speaker 1: which I strongly recommend you go read. Uh. And since

984
00:56:54,680 --> 00:56:59,799
Speaker 1: I said Carl Zimmer, it's time for listener mail, UH

985
00:57:00,040 --> 00:57:02,800
Speaker 1: gonna call this truck drive and chemist, Guys. I was

986
00:57:02,840 --> 00:57:04,440
Speaker 1: a truck driver from O five to O eight and

987
00:57:04,480 --> 00:57:06,640
Speaker 1: listen to your show back then I left trucking to

988
00:57:06,680 --> 00:57:09,480
Speaker 1: go to college and I was taking chemistry. We had

989
00:57:09,520 --> 00:57:12,279
Speaker 1: to do a research paper on a compound, and so

990
00:57:12,560 --> 00:57:14,640
Speaker 1: I always want to know about diesel, so I looked

991
00:57:14,680 --> 00:57:17,320
Speaker 1: into diesel. We should do one on diesel. He says,

992
00:57:17,360 --> 00:57:21,040
Speaker 1: it sounds pretty interesting. UM, I learned it's some really

993
00:57:21,120 --> 00:57:24,920
Speaker 1: interesting thing about Rudolph Diesel's invention and about the man himself.

994
00:57:25,240 --> 00:57:28,280
Speaker 1: The original diesel compound was actually made from peanuts, and

995
00:57:28,360 --> 00:57:31,400
Speaker 1: he invented the engine for small plants. Uh was it

996
00:57:31,440 --> 00:57:35,920
Speaker 1: George Washington Carver, No, it was Rudolph Diesel. Um. He

997
00:57:36,480 --> 00:57:40,000
Speaker 1: uh invented it the engine UM for small plants that

998
00:57:40,080 --> 00:57:44,320
Speaker 1: could power um, not you know, biological plants like a

999
00:57:44,360 --> 00:57:48,080
Speaker 1: power plant. Yeah. Uh yeah, you could power a warehouse

1000
00:57:48,160 --> 00:57:51,680
Speaker 1: to compete with the big industrial warehouses during the Industrial Revolution.

1001
00:57:51,760 --> 00:57:54,200
Speaker 1: So he was a man of the people. But here's

1002
00:57:54,240 --> 00:57:57,680
Speaker 1: the conspiracy theory part. Rudolph Diesel found out his diesel

1003
00:57:57,720 --> 00:58:01,040
Speaker 1: engine was going to be powering Germany's newest warships called

1004
00:58:01,200 --> 00:58:06,600
Speaker 1: Unta sea boots means under sea boats. Where are you

1005
00:58:06,640 --> 00:58:10,800
Speaker 1: gonna say? Not that? Uh? And he was really angry

1006
00:58:11,000 --> 00:58:14,240
Speaker 1: that they would use his invention for war. So he

1007
00:58:14,320 --> 00:58:16,240
Speaker 1: told the German naval representative that if they were going

1008
00:58:16,280 --> 00:58:19,680
Speaker 1: to use his diesel for war, he would take his

1009
00:58:19,760 --> 00:58:22,400
Speaker 1: designs to England so they would have it too and

1010
00:58:22,480 --> 00:58:25,160
Speaker 1: could counter Germany, and that Germany might as well not

1011
00:58:25,400 --> 00:58:28,680
Speaker 1: use it. And they shot him on the spot. Basically,

1012
00:58:29,800 --> 00:58:32,320
Speaker 1: he's not a smart thing to announce, No, he he

1013
00:58:32,400 --> 00:58:34,640
Speaker 1: pushed all his chips in and lost. He told off.

1014
00:58:34,680 --> 00:58:37,120
Speaker 1: The government boarded a ferry to England in the evening

1015
00:58:37,240 --> 00:58:39,640
Speaker 1: to arrive in the morning. Uh. He left word to

1016
00:58:39,720 --> 00:58:41,680
Speaker 1: wake him since he had an appointment with the Naval

1017
00:58:41,760 --> 00:58:44,560
Speaker 1: Office in Britain, and when the ferry ducked the next morning,

1018
00:58:44,640 --> 00:58:47,680
Speaker 1: he was gone. Eight days later, his body was found

1019
00:58:47,720 --> 00:58:50,200
Speaker 1: floating in the English Channel. And this all happened a

1020
00:58:50,240 --> 00:58:53,560
Speaker 1: few short years before World War One. Wow, I can't

1021
00:58:53,560 --> 00:58:58,320
Speaker 1: believe that, like government agents would fascinate somebody when they

1022
00:58:58,400 --> 00:59:01,920
Speaker 1: threatened to take a very important thing to another country. Yeah. Um,

1023
00:59:02,120 --> 00:59:03,960
Speaker 1: so that sounds like a good podcast. He says. You

1024
00:59:04,000 --> 00:59:06,120
Speaker 1: have a man fighting for the common man, man that

1025
00:59:06,200 --> 00:59:08,680
Speaker 1: didn't like his Anvintioninis for war and engine we still

1026
00:59:08,800 --> 00:59:11,280
Speaker 1: used today and could be using more in the future.

1027
00:59:11,880 --> 00:59:15,200
Speaker 1: And that is from Russ Fortney. Russ, my friend, I

1028
00:59:15,440 --> 00:59:19,760
Speaker 1: think you just did a little mini podcast. Thanks a

1029
00:59:19,800 --> 00:59:23,520
Speaker 1: lot for that, man. I love I love history, me too,

1030
00:59:23,880 --> 00:59:27,200
Speaker 1: love history. Never knew about Rudolph Diesel, no no idea.

1031
00:59:27,280 --> 00:59:29,240
Speaker 1: I didn't even know somebody's last name. I just didn't.

1032
00:59:29,440 --> 00:59:33,320
Speaker 1: It was a thing, you know, like Jimmy gasoline right,

1033
00:59:33,880 --> 00:59:40,960
Speaker 1: or that Elizabeth bacteria Elizabeth bacteria. Jimmy, guess if you

1034
00:59:41,280 --> 00:59:43,520
Speaker 1: want to tell us something that we don't know about

1035
00:59:43,600 --> 00:59:46,880
Speaker 1: that will blow our tops because it's so cool, Like Russ,

1036
00:59:47,320 --> 00:59:49,800
Speaker 1: you can tweet to us at s y s K Podcast.

1037
00:59:50,200 --> 00:59:52,480
Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook dot com slash stuff

1038
00:59:52,480 --> 00:59:54,560
Speaker 1: You Should Know. You can send us an email to

1039
00:59:54,680 --> 00:59:57,480
Speaker 1: Stuff Podcast at how stuff works dot com, and, as always,

1040
00:59:57,520 --> 01:00:00,560
Speaker 1: joined us on the web at our lugg sarious home

1041
01:00:00,800 --> 01:00:08,800
Speaker 1: Stuff You snow dot com. For more on this and

1042
01:00:08,880 --> 01:00:11,680
Speaker 1: thousands of other topics, is it how stuff works dot com.