WEBVTT - From the Vault: The Mighty Sarlacc

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<v Speaker 1>Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your mind. My name

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<v Speaker 1>is Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick. In today it's

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<v Speaker 1>not Saturday, but we're bringing you a vault episode. We

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<v Speaker 1>we missed a day of work this week, and to

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<v Speaker 1>cover for the time off, we're we're subbing in an

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<v Speaker 1>episode from last May. This is the one from May

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<v Speaker 1>I think twenty second called the Mighty star Lack. You

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<v Speaker 1>can guess what it's about. A creature from tattooed. That's right. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>this is this is really fun when we get into

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<v Speaker 1>you know, talk a little bit about just sort of

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<v Speaker 1>the Star Wars lore of the star Lack, but mostly

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<v Speaker 1>we talked about, uh, stuff in the real world, actual

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<v Speaker 1>terrestrial organisms that that are kind of parallel to this

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<v Speaker 1>imagined creature. Now, one thing that that definitely has changed

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<v Speaker 1>since we recorded this episode is the second episode, I'm sorry,

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<v Speaker 1>the second season of The Mandalorian came out and officially

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<v Speaker 1>brought Boba Fette back into the live action UM Star

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<v Speaker 1>Wars canon. So anything that I say in this regarding uh,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, Boba Fett being dead or if you should

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<v Speaker 1>stay dead, just take out that with a grainess of salt,

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<v Speaker 1>because he has come back, and uh he I thought

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<v Speaker 1>he was awesome, So I'm I'm very much in favor

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<v Speaker 1>of Boba Fett being alive again. Uh in the live

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<v Speaker 1>action played by Tamara Morrison, who of course played Django

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<v Speaker 1>Fat and played all the clones in the prequel trilogy. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>did we ever decide whether the burp was canon? Um?

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<v Speaker 1>I guess the burp is still in there, So I

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<v Speaker 1>guess the Bourp is canon. Yeah, far as I know,

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<v Speaker 1>nobody's nobody's corrected us on that. Okay, Now I'm not

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<v Speaker 1>sure where what that says about, you know, about the

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<v Speaker 1>digestive system of the creature. We still don't know how

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<v Speaker 1>how Boba Fett escaped. But when he shows up again

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<v Speaker 1>in uh uh in the Mandalorian, which I believe this

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<v Speaker 1>is also his first canonical appearance. Um, you know, um

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<v Speaker 1>after the star Lack incident, he is like visibly scarred up,

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<v Speaker 1>possibly by like digestive juices. So uh we we still

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<v Speaker 1>are going to have to await the full story when

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<v Speaker 1>he gets his own his own series this fall, the

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<v Speaker 1>Book of Boba Fett. That is the best scar story

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<v Speaker 1>I've ever heard, you know, that's like the scene in

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<v Speaker 1>Jaws where they're comparing their scar. I got this, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>thresher's tail. Uh more, A eel bit me through my

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<v Speaker 1>wet suit. Oh yeah, well I was partially digested by

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<v Speaker 1>a giant creature that lives in the ground. Yeah, but

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<v Speaker 1>you know, but Boba plays it cool, so if you

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<v Speaker 1>were to ask about it, he'd probably like be like,

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<v Speaker 1>I've gotten a scrape once. Anyway, let's go ahead and

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<v Speaker 1>jump into it. Then the Mighty Sarlac. And now for traffic,

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<v Speaker 1>we take you to week Way Ray in the Channel

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<v Speaker 1>five sky skiff. Hey, Jim, we're pretty clear of sandstorms

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<v Speaker 1>across much of the dune seed this morning, so that's

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<v Speaker 1>great news for sky hopper landspeeder traffic. So far, however,

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<v Speaker 1>we're already seeing a bit of pre boot to Eve

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<v Speaker 1>classic traffic heading into Moss aspect. Plus, things are dragging

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<v Speaker 1>to a halt out near the Great Pit of Carcoon

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<v Speaker 1>and the walt rafts are playing as it looks like

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<v Speaker 1>the huts are hosting another multi skiff Sarlac offering. Always

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<v Speaker 1>best to steer clear unless you've got an invite, especially

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<v Speaker 1>if you've got an invite. All too true. Ray. Now

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<v Speaker 1>let's check in with Merge surgeon on for a look

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<v Speaker 1>at this week's solar activity. Looks like we're in for

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<v Speaker 1>a double helping of solar flares. Welcome to Stuff to

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<v Speaker 1>Blow Your Mind production of My Heart Radio. Hey you,

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<v Speaker 1>welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. My name is

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<v Speaker 1>Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick. And here we are,

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<v Speaker 1>finally here in a galaxy far far away. I did

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<v Speaker 1>not think we would end up doing Star Wars content,

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<v Speaker 1>especially so close to May fourth, but not on it.

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<v Speaker 1>Things are getting strange. Yeah, Now, fittingly, we're recording this

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<v Speaker 1>episode on May the fourth, but that that just benefits

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<v Speaker 1>the two of us. The listeners are gonna get it

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<v Speaker 1>a little later. However, since the May the fourth like

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<v Speaker 1>sales begin before May the fourth, I think it's okay

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<v Speaker 1>to assume that May the fourth is just generally a

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<v Speaker 1>a you know, a multi day, even multi week affair

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<v Speaker 1>in which we celebrate Star Wars. Yeah, it's like Christmas

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<v Speaker 1>gradually creeps out to the edges. Yeah, the thirty days

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<v Speaker 1>of May the fourth or what have you. Uh. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>so you've been going on a Star Wars expedition in

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<v Speaker 1>your house, right, Yeah? Yeah, we've been watching all the

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<v Speaker 1>all the movies. We also watched The Mandalorian. I think

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<v Speaker 1>at this point we've watched everything except the most recent one,

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<v Speaker 1>and we're going to catch that one tonight because it

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<v Speaker 1>just dropped on Disney Plus. But yeah, we've been we've

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<v Speaker 1>been full, full blown into the Star Wars um and

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<v Speaker 1>it's been It's been pretty fun because I've I think

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<v Speaker 1>I've been personally been like several different stereotypical Star Wars

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<v Speaker 1>fans over the years. I was born in seventy eight,

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<v Speaker 1>so the original trilogy and their associated toys were just

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<v Speaker 1>a key part of my childhood and uh and just

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<v Speaker 1>as aspects of their structure were based on you know,

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<v Speaker 1>archetypes of comparative mythology. You know, these films introduced many

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<v Speaker 1>of us to some of these mythic energies. So I

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<v Speaker 1>remember loving these films as a child. I remember lapsing

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<v Speaker 1>somewhat during what I think of as like the Star

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<v Speaker 1>Wars Dark Age of the early and mid nineties. I

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<v Speaker 1>think that's when I was getting like the Star Wars

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<v Speaker 1>Insider fan magazine. Oh cool, Yeah, and he'd kind of gone,

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<v Speaker 1>uh underground. I mean, I don't want to say underground,

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<v Speaker 1>because obviously there was there was still tons of content

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<v Speaker 1>coming out, and you know, the Expanded Universe and so forth.

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<v Speaker 1>There were books, there were comics, there were there were games,

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<v Speaker 1>but it wasn't as as prevalent in the pop culture

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<v Speaker 1>at that time. But of course it was gearing up

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<v Speaker 1>because then came, uh, the the prequels, right um uh Now,

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<v Speaker 1>I I too remember reading some of the Extended Universe stuff.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm getting into that and the like the late nineties.

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<v Speaker 1>But then we had Phantom Menace, and I remember being

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<v Speaker 1>first of all, like super excited for it. And then

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<v Speaker 1>I was a bit of a prequel apologist there for

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<v Speaker 1>a bit regarding the Phantom Menace, and then I became

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<v Speaker 1>kind of a snarky fan who focused only on the

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<v Speaker 1>flaws of the prequel films. And I'd say I didn't

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<v Speaker 1>fully recover from that until I watched The Mandalorian with

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<v Speaker 1>my family, uh, and we all loved it. And then

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<v Speaker 1>we started watching all the films again. And and now

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<v Speaker 1>I'm I'm leaning into the force. I'm I'm I'm just

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<v Speaker 1>saying I'm enjoying all of them. I've enjoyed each film

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<v Speaker 1>that I've watched, and and she really kind of tried

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<v Speaker 1>to watch them you know, with my son, but also

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<v Speaker 1>kind of threw his eyes and it's been a blast.

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<v Speaker 1>What are his favorites? He tells me that his favorites

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<v Speaker 1>are The Phantom Menace and let's see Phantom Menace and

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<v Speaker 1>Return of the Jedi, but especially Phantom Menace. He in

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<v Speaker 1>fact requested that we watched that one again, and so

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<v Speaker 1>we watched half of it last night. Those It does

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<v Speaker 1>not escape my attention that those are the two that

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<v Speaker 1>have the highest quotient of cuteness content they do. They have,

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<v Speaker 1>They have cuteness, but then also they just have a

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<v Speaker 1>ton of creatures. And I think that's also key because

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<v Speaker 1>like The Phantom Menace, most of it takes place on

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<v Speaker 1>like a dinosaur ridden uh you know planet where there's

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<v Speaker 1>just you know, monster after monster after monster, and and yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>you have the comic elements as well, and you have

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<v Speaker 1>an actual child in it, which I think also is

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<v Speaker 1>adds to this kind of anchor for younger viewers, going

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<v Speaker 1>against what I was just saying about cuteness. Obviously, Return

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<v Speaker 1>of the Jedi is where we get the the e

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<v Speaker 1>walks the classic Teddy Bear planet. But the first half

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<v Speaker 1>of Return of the Jedi's just when we rewatched it

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<v Speaker 1>not too long ago. I was like, man, I loved

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<v Speaker 1>this wasn't when I was a kid. But the first

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<v Speaker 1>half of this movie is gross. It is full of

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<v Speaker 1>like just like like nasty, slimy critters everywhere and and

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<v Speaker 1>and horrible monsters and uh. And I would say, actually,

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<v Speaker 1>the thing maybe that stands out the most in my

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<v Speaker 1>mind is going to be the subject of today's episode,

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<v Speaker 1>which is the Sarlac. Yes, yes, the Sarlac features heavily

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<v Speaker 1>into this portion of the film, and it is It's

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<v Speaker 1>just something that just captures uh. It certainly captures the

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<v Speaker 1>young imagination, you know, here's this pit, here is this thing.

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<v Speaker 1>And I think it also played well with the action

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<v Speaker 1>figures growing up, because you could you could pretty much

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<v Speaker 1>make a sarlac. There wasn't. I don't think there was

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<v Speaker 1>a starlac um like action play set or anything, because

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<v Speaker 1>how wrong you are, really they had one, because I

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<v Speaker 1>was just thinking you just had you had dirt, you

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<v Speaker 1>had holes, you had things you could do with like

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<v Speaker 1>a bedspread, and you had instant Starlac. Robert, I want

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<v Speaker 1>you to scroll all the way down to the bottom

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<v Speaker 1>of our notes and have a look at the images

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<v Speaker 1>I've attached for you. All these would fill you with joy.

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<v Speaker 1>This comes from a board game that I found evidence

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<v Speaker 1>of on the internet late last night. I think, uh,

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<v Speaker 1>it's called Battle at Sarlas Pit. It was released at

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<v Speaker 1>the same time as the movie, or sometime around the movie,

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<v Speaker 1>I guess, to help promote it. And it is a

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<v Speaker 1>It is a board game with a sarlac like a

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<v Speaker 1>cardboard sarlac cone set up, and then it's got a

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<v Speaker 1>little barge or skiff on top where it looks like

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<v Speaker 1>you you. You play with miniatures of Han Solo, Luke, Skywalker, Chewbacca,

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<v Speaker 1>and I guess maybe that's also supposed to be Leia.

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<v Speaker 1>It's kind of hard to tell. The miniatures are not

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<v Speaker 1>super detailed, and you have to fight your way through these,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, green pig face guards and Boba fette to

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<v Speaker 1>to confront Jab of the Hut, and I guess if

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<v Speaker 1>you lose, you fall off into the starlacks mouth. Well

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<v Speaker 1>that it looks beautiful, I mean, especially the cover art

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<v Speaker 1>in this box, it's incredible, and in the set itself

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<v Speaker 1>is is pretty ingenious, especially given the time. I can't

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<v Speaker 1>obviously I can't speak for the actual gameplay, but it

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<v Speaker 1>looks intriguing. Yeah, I've never seen this before. Well, I

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<v Speaker 1>know you're a miniatures guy, so I was wondering if

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<v Speaker 1>you might end up looking this thing up. I might

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<v Speaker 1>have to the miniatures. It looks like the miniatures are

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<v Speaker 1>supplied poorly painted, or perhaps they're supplied unpainted. And what

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<v Speaker 1>we're looking at here is the work of a child

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<v Speaker 1>roughly painting. Then I can't tell, but yeah, I'm gonna

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<v Speaker 1>have to look into this more. This this is interesting.

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<v Speaker 1>If I had known this existed when I was a kid,

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<v Speaker 1>I would have insisted on it. So I guess we should.

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<v Speaker 1>We can assume that most listeners have probably seen Return

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<v Speaker 1>of the Jedi, don't The star Lack doesn't need a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of explaining, but just to do the very basics,

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<v Speaker 1>we should explain what happens in the movie. So the

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<v Speaker 1>role in the plot is you remember our heroes Luke Skywalker,

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<v Speaker 1>Han Solo Chewbaccah. They are sentenced to death by the

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<v Speaker 1>gangster Job of the Hut. He's the big slug guy

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<v Speaker 1>and job Job of the Hut says the method of

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<v Speaker 1>execution for these three heroes is going to be a

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<v Speaker 1>kind of alien desert. For version of the pirates walking

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<v Speaker 1>of the plank, right, you know they're gonna be forced

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<v Speaker 1>to walk the plank off of this floating barge or

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<v Speaker 1>this floating boat type thing into this hole in the desert,

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<v Speaker 1>and the droid C three p o translates job as

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<v Speaker 1>execution order. He says, you will therefore be taken to

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<v Speaker 1>the dune sea, this big desert, and cast into the

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<v Speaker 1>pit of Carcoon, the nesting place of the all powerful Sarlac.

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<v Speaker 1>In his belly, you will find a new definition of

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<v Speaker 1>pain and suffering as you are slowly digested over a

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<v Speaker 1>thousand years. And I'm not gonna lie. That concept haunted

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<v Speaker 1>me as a child. I was like, slowly digested over

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<v Speaker 1>a thousand years. Wouldn't it be over sooner than that? Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>there's this idea that it extends your suffering, that it

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<v Speaker 1>is to enter into the Sarlac is to kind of

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<v Speaker 1>enter into an underworld or an afterlife of pain. It's

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<v Speaker 1>like going to hell. Yeah, yeah, hell of digestion. And

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<v Speaker 1>I also love how in C. Three pos translation, there's

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<v Speaker 1>this idea, Yeah, that's that's not only the star Lak,

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<v Speaker 1>it is the all powerful Sarlac. There's this idea that

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<v Speaker 1>it is a thing that is revered that it almost

0:12:14.080 --> 0:12:17.600
<v Speaker 1>has a divine quality to it. And certainly, as we

0:12:17.640 --> 0:12:20.280
<v Speaker 1>see in the film, it's not something that is defeated.

0:12:20.640 --> 0:12:23.560
<v Speaker 1>It is not something that is really truly overcome. It

0:12:23.679 --> 0:12:27.320
<v Speaker 1>is just avoided and escaped at best. Well, it's not

0:12:27.440 --> 0:12:30.160
<v Speaker 1>really the enemy, right, it's kind of the setting. It's

0:12:30.240 --> 0:12:31.960
<v Speaker 1>the threat in the setting. It's kind of in the

0:12:31.960 --> 0:12:35.160
<v Speaker 1>way that in most zombie movies the zombies are not

0:12:35.240 --> 0:12:39.600
<v Speaker 1>really the enemy. They're more like a hostile environment in

0:12:39.679 --> 0:12:42.480
<v Speaker 1>which the drama between the characters is set. Usually in

0:12:42.480 --> 0:12:45.560
<v Speaker 1>the zombie movie, you've got a human villain, and the

0:12:45.600 --> 0:12:48.040
<v Speaker 1>same is true here. Clearly the villain is Jab of

0:12:48.080 --> 0:12:50.320
<v Speaker 1>the Hut, not the not the star Lac. And of

0:12:50.360 --> 0:12:53.680
<v Speaker 1>course so it's very satisfying when when Leah chokes out

0:12:54.080 --> 0:12:55.720
<v Speaker 1>Jab of the Hut, that's like a great you know,

0:12:55.800 --> 0:12:58.480
<v Speaker 1>defeat of the villain scene. But there's no need to

0:12:58.559 --> 0:13:00.520
<v Speaker 1>kill the Sarlac. It's just do in its thing in

0:13:00.559 --> 0:13:04.120
<v Speaker 1>the desert. That's right. Yeah, there's this It has this

0:13:04.200 --> 0:13:06.840
<v Speaker 1>quality where the Sarlac is kind of like a pet.

0:13:07.200 --> 0:13:10.160
<v Speaker 1>It's kind of like a pampered pet of of Java,

0:13:10.200 --> 0:13:12.280
<v Speaker 1>as much like the Rain Corps is that we see

0:13:12.320 --> 0:13:15.400
<v Speaker 1>earlier in the film, but it also feels like something

0:13:15.520 --> 0:13:17.960
<v Speaker 1>that is greater than Job and certainly it's something that

0:13:18.280 --> 0:13:22.520
<v Speaker 1>will will outlive Java. Yeah. So one thing I really

0:13:22.600 --> 0:13:25.560
<v Speaker 1>liked about this monster when I was a kid um

0:13:25.840 --> 0:13:28.600
<v Speaker 1>was something about the way that the monster was presented

0:13:28.679 --> 0:13:31.640
<v Speaker 1>visually the pit of Carcoon and the Sarlac. It was

0:13:31.720 --> 0:13:35.600
<v Speaker 1>that the monster wasn't just in a pit. The monster

0:13:36.320 --> 0:13:39.600
<v Speaker 1>was the pit. Uh And and so to explain this

0:13:39.640 --> 0:13:42.240
<v Speaker 1>a little bit more, it's kind of like a presented

0:13:42.480 --> 0:13:47.520
<v Speaker 1>visually as a bio geological hybrid, like a cave or

0:13:47.559 --> 0:13:50.560
<v Speaker 1>a hole in the ground that has tentacle tongues and

0:13:50.600 --> 0:13:54.480
<v Speaker 1>eats bounty hunters alive. You can't tell where the animal

0:13:54.679 --> 0:13:58.600
<v Speaker 1>stops and the earth begins. And as a point of comparison,

0:13:59.480 --> 0:14:02.559
<v Speaker 1>I think I'd used the appeal of like the biomechanical

0:14:02.840 --> 0:14:05.760
<v Speaker 1>artwork of hr Geiger that and how that influenced the

0:14:05.760 --> 0:14:09.280
<v Speaker 1>creation of the xenomorph in the Alien films. The xenomorph

0:14:09.440 --> 0:14:12.480
<v Speaker 1>is basically supposed to be an animal, but it has

0:14:12.559 --> 0:14:16.520
<v Speaker 1>tons of body features that look like parts of industrial machines.

0:14:16.920 --> 0:14:20.000
<v Speaker 1>It's an animal made out of tubes and hoses and

0:14:20.160 --> 0:14:23.800
<v Speaker 1>hinges and pistons, and I think I always thought the

0:14:23.800 --> 0:14:25.960
<v Speaker 1>Star Lac was cool because it was like this, but

0:14:26.040 --> 0:14:30.280
<v Speaker 1>with geology instead of machinery. Uh, it's it's a mouth

0:14:30.440 --> 0:14:32.640
<v Speaker 1>that is the earth. It looks like the teeth are

0:14:32.680 --> 0:14:35.320
<v Speaker 1>coming out of rock or coming out of the sand.

0:14:36.040 --> 0:14:38.360
<v Speaker 1>And uh. Of course this is all predicated on the

0:14:38.360 --> 0:14:40.400
<v Speaker 1>fact that I grew up watching the versions of these

0:14:40.440 --> 0:14:43.960
<v Speaker 1>movies before the special edition remasters. So the version I'm

0:14:44.000 --> 0:14:45.880
<v Speaker 1>used to seeing is the original, where it's just the

0:14:45.920 --> 0:14:49.600
<v Speaker 1>gaping mouth that blends into the earth and has these

0:14:49.680 --> 0:14:52.560
<v Speaker 1>rings of inward facing teeth and the tentacles that reach

0:14:52.600 --> 0:14:55.520
<v Speaker 1>out from who knows where and grab things. When the

0:14:55.560 --> 0:14:58.000
<v Speaker 1>remasters came, of course, they added a big c g

0:14:58.200 --> 0:15:00.680
<v Speaker 1>I beak poking up out of the pit it, which

0:15:00.720 --> 0:15:03.680
<v Speaker 1>sort of eliminates some of that bio geological magic. I

0:15:04.440 --> 0:15:06.400
<v Speaker 1>try these days not to be one of the guys

0:15:06.440 --> 0:15:10.320
<v Speaker 1>who's just constantly shrieking about how Lucas ruined things and

0:15:10.360 --> 0:15:13.560
<v Speaker 1>complaining about remasters and prequels and all that, but I

0:15:13.920 --> 0:15:16.400
<v Speaker 1>will say I do not like this change. I think

0:15:16.400 --> 0:15:19.040
<v Speaker 1>it's creepier in the original version without the c g

0:15:19.200 --> 0:15:21.600
<v Speaker 1>I beak. I like it when it's just the hole

0:15:21.640 --> 0:15:25.560
<v Speaker 1>in the earth, the cave with teeth. Yeah, I I

0:15:25.600 --> 0:15:28.880
<v Speaker 1>certainly grew up with the the unedited version as well,

0:15:28.920 --> 0:15:31.840
<v Speaker 1>and so that's that's probably the version that was that

0:15:31.880 --> 0:15:34.240
<v Speaker 1>It's cemented in my mind the most. And I used

0:15:34.280 --> 0:15:36.280
<v Speaker 1>to feel, I think a lot stronger about it where

0:15:36.280 --> 0:15:40.200
<v Speaker 1>I'm like, nope, original Starla only. But I don't know,

0:15:40.280 --> 0:15:44.560
<v Speaker 1>I can I'm okay with the redesign. I just wish

0:15:44.600 --> 0:15:47.360
<v Speaker 1>that the c G I would maybe get another, you know,

0:15:47.360 --> 0:15:48.960
<v Speaker 1>a fresh coat of paint to make it look a

0:15:49.000 --> 0:15:52.560
<v Speaker 1>little sleeker. But but still like I also, I understand

0:15:52.560 --> 0:15:54.960
<v Speaker 1>that they are part of the original concept was that

0:15:55.040 --> 0:15:57.600
<v Speaker 1>it would have those elements, but they weren't able to

0:15:57.640 --> 0:16:00.200
<v Speaker 1>make it happen because they just didn't have the the

0:16:00.200 --> 0:16:04.440
<v Speaker 1>budget of the technology to implement it at the time. Um.

0:16:04.480 --> 0:16:07.720
<v Speaker 1>But but I and I also think that the addition

0:16:07.800 --> 0:16:11.480
<v Speaker 1>of the plant like elements doesn't completely take away from

0:16:11.600 --> 0:16:14.840
<v Speaker 1>what you were describing, this idea of the monster as

0:16:15.240 --> 0:16:20.320
<v Speaker 1>as pit, the monster as earth. Um. There's something very primal,

0:16:20.440 --> 0:16:25.080
<v Speaker 1>primordial even about about the star Lac. And you know,

0:16:25.240 --> 0:16:27.160
<v Speaker 1>some people, I think a lot to like to criticize

0:16:27.200 --> 0:16:29.040
<v Speaker 1>Lucas and you know that they want to go all

0:16:29.080 --> 0:16:32.200
<v Speaker 1>in on this idea that well, Lucas depended on all

0:16:32.240 --> 0:16:34.800
<v Speaker 1>these other creative people and anything that he got right,

0:16:34.800 --> 0:16:38.560
<v Speaker 1>he only did accidentally. But I I suspect that, you know,

0:16:38.680 --> 0:16:40.840
<v Speaker 1>that he was really onto something with this idea of

0:16:40.840 --> 0:16:44.200
<v Speaker 1>the star lac Um. I think there there is something

0:16:44.800 --> 0:16:47.360
<v Speaker 1>intentionally primordial about it. And well, we'll get into that

0:16:47.400 --> 0:16:50.160
<v Speaker 1>as we go. Well, I think it just it suggests

0:16:50.200 --> 0:16:53.640
<v Speaker 1>the magical thinking that that that is so common in

0:16:53.720 --> 0:16:57.760
<v Speaker 1>human culture, that characterizes caves and pits in the earth

0:16:57.840 --> 0:17:00.280
<v Speaker 1>as a mouth. I mean that kind of that kind

0:17:00.280 --> 0:17:03.960
<v Speaker 1>of language is extremely common. Yeah, So before we get

0:17:03.960 --> 0:17:06.520
<v Speaker 1>a little bit more into some mythic parallels for the

0:17:06.560 --> 0:17:08.640
<v Speaker 1>star lac I want to talk just a little bit

0:17:08.640 --> 0:17:12.880
<v Speaker 1>more about its presumed biology and its biology is presented

0:17:13.000 --> 0:17:15.719
<v Speaker 1>uh in Cannon, and also just a little interpretation on

0:17:15.760 --> 0:17:19.520
<v Speaker 1>our part. So obviously, the vast majority of the star

0:17:19.680 --> 0:17:24.280
<v Speaker 1>lacks bulk is hidden beneath the sand, leaving only its spiked,

0:17:24.280 --> 0:17:29.280
<v Speaker 1>tentacled mouth exposed. Now, presumably the star lac just normally,

0:17:29.440 --> 0:17:32.360
<v Speaker 1>you know, waits there. It doesn't move, It just waits. First,

0:17:32.440 --> 0:17:35.040
<v Speaker 1>you know, some creature to fall into it. You know,

0:17:35.119 --> 0:17:37.560
<v Speaker 1>some of the mega fauna of tattooings such as the

0:17:37.640 --> 0:17:40.320
<v Speaker 1>do back or the bantha. You know, it just waits

0:17:40.359 --> 0:17:42.480
<v Speaker 1>for them to wander close enough to fall in or

0:17:42.560 --> 0:17:47.320
<v Speaker 1>succumb to those fast moving, grasping tentacles. And if this,

0:17:47.560 --> 0:17:49.680
<v Speaker 1>you know, seems rare enough for currents, we have to

0:17:50.040 --> 0:17:53.560
<v Speaker 1>consider that it's it has an alleged one thousand year

0:17:53.640 --> 0:17:57.720
<v Speaker 1>digestive cycle, so presumably it has a slow enough metabolism

0:17:57.800 --> 0:18:00.800
<v Speaker 1>that it doesn't need this regular feet gings. It can

0:18:00.840 --> 0:18:04.119
<v Speaker 1>get by on the odd bantha that just falls in.

0:18:05.000 --> 0:18:06.640
<v Speaker 1>And then on top of that, we have to consider

0:18:06.720 --> 0:18:10.040
<v Speaker 1>that this star lac might be in a privileged situation

0:18:10.080 --> 0:18:14.200
<v Speaker 1>as well, sustained by regular feedings from Job as pleasure barges,

0:18:14.440 --> 0:18:16.920
<v Speaker 1>because let's face it, Job is the type of fella

0:18:17.040 --> 0:18:19.919
<v Speaker 1>that's liable to just throw people into the sarlac on

0:18:20.119 --> 0:18:23.280
<v Speaker 1>a weekly or bi weekly basis, So we may not

0:18:23.520 --> 0:18:27.159
<v Speaker 1>be observing the sarlac in its natural environment. This this

0:18:27.200 --> 0:18:31.040
<v Speaker 1>could be a domesticated sarlac of sorts. Yeah, yeah, I

0:18:31.320 --> 0:18:34.440
<v Speaker 1>think we have to take that into into account now

0:18:34.920 --> 0:18:38.200
<v Speaker 1>in terms of like, you know, turning to the literature

0:18:38.480 --> 0:18:43.000
<v Speaker 1>for you know, explanations of something like the sarlac Uh.

0:18:43.040 --> 0:18:45.359
<v Speaker 1>That can be a bit confusing because, first of all,

0:18:45.480 --> 0:18:47.280
<v Speaker 1>you know, it's presented as it is in the movie,

0:18:47.480 --> 0:18:49.840
<v Speaker 1>and I think a fair amount of mystery about it

0:18:49.880 --> 0:18:52.920
<v Speaker 1>is ideal. Like, for instance, C three Po doesn't turn

0:18:52.960 --> 0:18:55.480
<v Speaker 1>to you and explain everything about the star Lak. He

0:18:55.520 --> 0:18:58.159
<v Speaker 1>doesn't go into a big ten minute monologue about it,

0:18:58.200 --> 0:19:00.520
<v Speaker 1>because you're supposed to do some of the work, right,

0:19:00.520 --> 0:19:03.720
<v Speaker 1>It's supposed to inspire you, right, Yeah, I mean what's

0:19:03.800 --> 0:19:05.920
<v Speaker 1>cool about it is that you can't see so much

0:19:05.960 --> 0:19:08.000
<v Speaker 1>of it. It's a mystery. It's hidden under the earth.

0:19:08.320 --> 0:19:10.399
<v Speaker 1>I think some of that would be spoiled if you've

0:19:10.440 --> 0:19:12.680
<v Speaker 1>got a better look at it, or you've got C

0:19:12.840 --> 0:19:15.440
<v Speaker 1>three po explaining its whole life history. As much as

0:19:15.440 --> 0:19:17.160
<v Speaker 1>I would have wanted that when I was a kid,

0:19:17.160 --> 0:19:20.520
<v Speaker 1>and we were talking recently about like children, you know,

0:19:20.600 --> 0:19:23.479
<v Speaker 1>being obsessed with Cannon and the stories they love and

0:19:23.520 --> 0:19:26.040
<v Speaker 1>like wanting to know all the details, I mean, I mean,

0:19:26.080 --> 0:19:27.840
<v Speaker 1>I bet when I was like eight, I would have

0:19:27.920 --> 0:19:31.240
<v Speaker 1>just wished that the Star Wars movies included like Star

0:19:31.280 --> 0:19:36.520
<v Speaker 1>Wars illustrated encyclopedia pages as as like scenes throughout them.

0:19:36.520 --> 0:19:38.720
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, it works better as a mystery. I think

0:19:38.840 --> 0:19:42.879
<v Speaker 1>that's my adult mind. Yeah. Now that being said, this

0:19:43.040 --> 0:19:45.919
<v Speaker 1>this sort of mystery has inspired lots of people, and

0:19:45.920 --> 0:19:49.119
<v Speaker 1>so you have you have a number of different uh

0:19:49.200 --> 0:19:53.520
<v Speaker 1>you know, expanded universe treatments of the Star Lac as

0:19:53.560 --> 0:19:57.800
<v Speaker 1>well as compendiums that attempt to explain to some degree

0:19:57.840 --> 0:20:00.360
<v Speaker 1>what the Star Lack is and you're gon to deal

0:20:00.440 --> 0:20:03.400
<v Speaker 1>with you know, conflicting accounts and uh and and so

0:20:03.480 --> 0:20:05.560
<v Speaker 1>forth if you start looking at all of those. But

0:20:05.920 --> 0:20:08.160
<v Speaker 1>I do want to touch on some ideas that were

0:20:08.160 --> 0:20:11.520
<v Speaker 1>presented in a relatively new book that came out, Star

0:20:11.600 --> 0:20:15.640
<v Speaker 1>Wars Alien Archive, which I've been reading with my son. Uh.

0:20:15.680 --> 0:20:18.440
<v Speaker 1>It's you know, it's basically a you know, a monstrous compendium,

0:20:18.520 --> 0:20:22.520
<v Speaker 1>a monster manual of Star Wars aliens, and it's pretty fun.

0:20:22.520 --> 0:20:26.959
<v Speaker 1>It has these fabulous illustrations in it, and it you know,

0:20:27.040 --> 0:20:30.399
<v Speaker 1>doesn't have everything that shows up in the Star Wars

0:20:30.400 --> 0:20:32.600
<v Speaker 1>films and TV shows, but it has quite a bit,

0:20:33.119 --> 0:20:36.440
<v Speaker 1>uh you know, everything from you know, from from from

0:20:36.520 --> 0:20:40.000
<v Speaker 1>major characters and and and major aliens to even a

0:20:40.040 --> 0:20:42.480
<v Speaker 1>few things that for instance, only show up in one

0:20:42.520 --> 0:20:46.440
<v Speaker 1>of the Ewoks movies. So it's a fun collection. Naturally,

0:20:46.480 --> 0:20:48.600
<v Speaker 1>of course, there's an entry on the Mighty star Lack.

0:20:48.720 --> 0:20:50.360
<v Speaker 1>So I just want to touch on a few of

0:20:50.400 --> 0:20:53.440
<v Speaker 1>the key points, uh that that are that are made

0:20:53.720 --> 0:20:57.960
<v Speaker 1>in this Lucasfilm Press book. First of all, it's described

0:20:58.000 --> 0:21:02.640
<v Speaker 1>as quote terrifying carnivorous beast, and this seems to fall

0:21:02.760 --> 0:21:06.240
<v Speaker 1>more on the animal side of interpretation. Some people try

0:21:06.280 --> 0:21:09.080
<v Speaker 1>and I guess explain the starlight is being more of

0:21:09.119 --> 0:21:13.359
<v Speaker 1>a plant, uh And it is sometimes described as reproducing

0:21:13.400 --> 0:21:16.760
<v Speaker 1>by spores, which leads in list to more of a

0:21:16.920 --> 0:21:19.600
<v Speaker 1>you know, fungal explanation. But of course none of this

0:21:19.680 --> 0:21:22.840
<v Speaker 1>is exactly limiting when we're ultimately talking about an alien

0:21:22.920 --> 0:21:26.159
<v Speaker 1>life form that may you know, easily skew the lines

0:21:26.240 --> 0:21:29.439
<v Speaker 1>that we draw on Earth between one kingdom and another.

0:21:29.720 --> 0:21:31.800
<v Speaker 1>That's exactly right, I mean, yeah, if we want to

0:21:31.800 --> 0:21:35.879
<v Speaker 1>be real technical sticklers, the difference between plants and animals

0:21:36.040 --> 0:21:39.440
<v Speaker 1>is an evolutionary division that you know, they are different clades.

0:21:39.440 --> 0:21:42.720
<v Speaker 1>You can sort their histories differently, and you know, animals

0:21:42.720 --> 0:21:46.000
<v Speaker 1>arising on other planets might be animal like and that

0:21:46.040 --> 0:21:48.320
<v Speaker 1>they might move around quickly or something like that, or

0:21:48.359 --> 0:21:51.080
<v Speaker 1>they might be plant like in that their sessile and

0:21:51.080 --> 0:21:55.280
<v Speaker 1>the photosynthesize or whatever. But but yeah, they would not

0:21:55.320 --> 0:21:58.639
<v Speaker 1>be descended from these kingdoms, so those sortings wouldn't necessarily

0:21:58.680 --> 0:22:02.560
<v Speaker 1>even make sense. Plus, oh man, there's a whole additional,

0:22:03.080 --> 0:22:05.040
<v Speaker 1>uh deep end we could get into if we tried

0:22:05.080 --> 0:22:08.359
<v Speaker 1>to figure out how we consider life in the Star

0:22:08.400 --> 0:22:11.359
<v Speaker 1>Wars universe, a universe where not only do we have

0:22:12.000 --> 0:22:15.960
<v Speaker 1>um life, you know, certainly arising on a plethora of

0:22:16.000 --> 0:22:20.439
<v Speaker 1>different worlds, but also you have interstellar life still life

0:22:20.440 --> 0:22:24.280
<v Speaker 1>that is clinging to asteroids. You have pan spermia and

0:22:24.359 --> 0:22:27.560
<v Speaker 1>colonization taking place that you know at you know, at

0:22:27.680 --> 0:22:31.080
<v Speaker 1>various points in galactic history. There's a lot to unpack

0:22:31.160 --> 0:22:34.359
<v Speaker 1>their deep space evolution. Yeah, that's right, the mine ox

0:22:34.760 --> 0:22:37.200
<v Speaker 1>they live in a vacuum. How is that possible? I

0:22:37.520 --> 0:22:40.400
<v Speaker 1>don't think a large animal would do that. Yeah, well

0:22:40.480 --> 0:22:41.679
<v Speaker 1>that would be a fun one to come back to

0:22:41.720 --> 0:22:44.439
<v Speaker 1>at some point, maybe maybe maybe some some people have

0:22:44.680 --> 0:22:48.080
<v Speaker 1>written on that topic. Um, okay, a few other points

0:22:48.119 --> 0:22:51.360
<v Speaker 1>from the Alien Archive book. Uh. They to point out

0:22:51.359 --> 0:22:53.880
<v Speaker 1>that the star lack of carcoon is sustained at least

0:22:53.880 --> 0:22:57.760
<v Speaker 1>in part by sacrifices and executions by the huts. But

0:22:57.800 --> 0:23:00.560
<v Speaker 1>they also say that adults are lacks such as this

0:23:00.600 --> 0:23:04.960
<v Speaker 1>one can also release an odor that attracts nearby herbivores

0:23:05.240 --> 0:23:08.399
<v Speaker 1>to the pit. Oh okay, so that answer I. I

0:23:08.520 --> 0:23:11.080
<v Speaker 1>that would answer a question that I had because I

0:23:11.200 --> 0:23:14.240
<v Speaker 1>was thinking about how a sarlac would normally eat If

0:23:14.280 --> 0:23:17.479
<v Speaker 1>it's just this, you know, sessile pit in the desert,

0:23:17.680 --> 0:23:21.879
<v Speaker 1>Most sessile trap predators have some way of assuring that

0:23:21.960 --> 0:23:25.200
<v Speaker 1>prey will fall in, Like sessile predators in the ocean,

0:23:25.680 --> 0:23:28.840
<v Speaker 1>will often try to maximize their catch by doing their

0:23:28.840 --> 0:23:32.040
<v Speaker 1>best to latch on in places where the current will

0:23:32.080 --> 0:23:36.760
<v Speaker 1>carry unfortunate prey animals right by them. Otherwise, trap predators,

0:23:36.800 --> 0:23:38.679
<v Speaker 1>like some that we'll talk about in a bit, like

0:23:38.760 --> 0:23:41.680
<v Speaker 1>insects that that lay traps in the ground, need to

0:23:41.720 --> 0:23:44.000
<v Speaker 1>find a place where, you know, the places that are

0:23:44.080 --> 0:23:47.040
<v Speaker 1>naturally trafficked by prey, places where you know, ants or

0:23:47.080 --> 0:23:50.560
<v Speaker 1>beetles or whatever going to be walking by. Another option

0:23:50.640 --> 0:23:53.920
<v Speaker 1>is to look more at the realm of of plants,

0:23:54.000 --> 0:23:56.399
<v Speaker 1>which you know, let's say, like carnivorous plants like the

0:23:56.400 --> 0:23:58.919
<v Speaker 1>picture plant that's not an animal, but it is a

0:23:58.960 --> 0:24:02.520
<v Speaker 1>predatory organ is um that functions as a trap pit,

0:24:02.680 --> 0:24:06.760
<v Speaker 1>and yeah, it uses smells to attract animals to it. Yeah,

0:24:06.840 --> 0:24:09.840
<v Speaker 1>so perhaps we might imagine that, um, you know, say

0:24:09.880 --> 0:24:14.280
<v Speaker 1>that the sarlac releases uh uh, some sort of odor

0:24:14.359 --> 0:24:17.960
<v Speaker 1>that mega fauno would associate with an oasis, you know,

0:24:18.160 --> 0:24:21.720
<v Speaker 1>or with with with plant life, and therefore brings them in.

0:24:21.760 --> 0:24:23.360
<v Speaker 1>It doesn't have to bring them in all the way, right,

0:24:23.359 --> 0:24:26.040
<v Speaker 1>because those technacles will do the rest of of the job.

0:24:26.160 --> 0:24:29.119
<v Speaker 1>The shifting sand will do, you know, the rest of

0:24:29.160 --> 0:24:32.800
<v Speaker 1>the work. But but perhaps this odor will be enough

0:24:32.880 --> 0:24:35.640
<v Speaker 1>to just bring in some food. That makes a lot

0:24:35.680 --> 0:24:37.680
<v Speaker 1>more sense than what I had in mind, Yeah, because

0:24:37.680 --> 0:24:39.359
<v Speaker 1>I was just trying to think. Okay, so it just

0:24:39.440 --> 0:24:42.040
<v Speaker 1>waits until a banthera wanders end. Seems like it could

0:24:42.040 --> 0:24:46.199
<v Speaker 1>be waiting a long time yea once a millennium. The

0:24:46.240 --> 0:24:50.400
<v Speaker 1>Alien Archive also points out that the creature has several stomachs,

0:24:50.440 --> 0:24:52.560
<v Speaker 1>which you know, I guess makes sense given a lengthy

0:24:53.400 --> 0:24:57.000
<v Speaker 1>digestive process. Also says that it's average length is of

0:24:57.119 --> 0:25:01.520
<v Speaker 1>one and this is interest thing. It contends that younger

0:25:01.600 --> 0:25:06.560
<v Speaker 1>star lacks are capable of moving about to capture food, which, um,

0:25:06.880 --> 0:25:09.320
<v Speaker 1>which is an interesting detail. But I think one that

0:25:09.600 --> 0:25:12.840
<v Speaker 1>you brought up is is kind of supported by an

0:25:12.840 --> 0:25:16.640
<v Speaker 1>old Super Nintendo game right, Oh, that's right. Yeah, So

0:25:16.760 --> 0:25:19.000
<v Speaker 1>I I was trying to remember, don't you fight a

0:25:19.080 --> 0:25:22.560
<v Speaker 1>star Lac in like the old Super Nintendo Superstar Wars game?

0:25:23.160 --> 0:25:25.520
<v Speaker 1>So I looked up the boss fight on YouTube. Robert,

0:25:25.600 --> 0:25:28.439
<v Speaker 1>did you watch it? I did. Yes, It's terrible. It

0:25:28.480 --> 0:25:31.119
<v Speaker 1>doesn't capture the Starlac magic at all because it's not

0:25:31.160 --> 0:25:33.400
<v Speaker 1>a pit. It's just like a big worm that comes

0:25:33.480 --> 0:25:35.760
<v Speaker 1>up out of the ground and it moves around and

0:25:35.800 --> 0:25:38.680
<v Speaker 1>spits rocks at you. That's not a star Lac. But

0:25:38.680 --> 0:25:41.280
<v Speaker 1>but maybe it's supposed to be a young Starlac a

0:25:41.359 --> 0:25:44.000
<v Speaker 1>different part of its life cycle, I guess. So if

0:25:44.040 --> 0:25:46.679
<v Speaker 1>we were, if we were to force ourselves to to

0:25:46.760 --> 0:25:49.840
<v Speaker 1>take that boss fight and incorporate it into into Star

0:25:49.840 --> 0:25:51.640
<v Speaker 1>Wars Cannon, I think that's the only way you could

0:25:51.680 --> 0:25:55.879
<v Speaker 1>go that. Basically we'd be looking at, uh, you know,

0:25:56.320 --> 0:25:58.760
<v Speaker 1>say a four part lifespan that goes like this. You

0:25:58.800 --> 0:26:01.560
<v Speaker 1>have a spore of a star Lac that's carried by

0:26:01.560 --> 0:26:03.639
<v Speaker 1>the you know, the dust storms. Then you have some

0:26:03.680 --> 0:26:07.200
<v Speaker 1>sort of burrowing larva, and then you have a sandworm

0:26:07.480 --> 0:26:10.560
<v Speaker 1>esque burrowing juvenile like we see in the Super in

0:26:10.600 --> 0:26:13.800
<v Speaker 1>ne S game. And then that eventually if it survives

0:26:13.880 --> 0:26:16.879
<v Speaker 1>will become a stationary adult like we see in Return

0:26:16.880 --> 0:26:19.440
<v Speaker 1>of the Jedi. That is very interesting, and it's also

0:26:19.520 --> 0:26:22.440
<v Speaker 1>interesting how that is going to be the exact inverse

0:26:22.760 --> 0:26:25.480
<v Speaker 1>of some examples. Will look at from the from the

0:26:25.520 --> 0:26:28.560
<v Speaker 1>natural world in a bit where there are things that

0:26:28.600 --> 0:26:31.800
<v Speaker 1>are only a trap predator for part of their life cycle,

0:26:31.840 --> 0:26:35.199
<v Speaker 1>but it actually comes at the beginning rather than the end. Yeah,

0:26:35.280 --> 0:26:39.080
<v Speaker 1>that's true. Uh, it's interesting that if we were to

0:26:39.160 --> 0:26:42.399
<v Speaker 1>really look for some potential real world analogs that match

0:26:42.480 --> 0:26:47.480
<v Speaker 1>this basic uh you know, four part transformation, I'd say

0:26:47.520 --> 0:26:51.760
<v Speaker 1>that something like this mostly resembles the life cycles, uh,

0:26:52.000 --> 0:26:55.840
<v Speaker 1>that we would see in say corals or perhaps a barnacle,

0:26:56.000 --> 0:26:59.440
<v Speaker 1>both of which we've discussed in depth on the show before. Um,

0:27:00.240 --> 0:27:02.080
<v Speaker 1>you know the idea that this is something that is

0:27:02.160 --> 0:27:06.040
<v Speaker 1>free swimming earlier in its development, but then initially eventually

0:27:06.040 --> 0:27:08.840
<v Speaker 1>puts down roots and stays there for the rest of

0:27:08.840 --> 0:27:11.600
<v Speaker 1>its life. Yeah, that's interesting. Well, well, maybe we need

0:27:11.640 --> 0:27:13.240
<v Speaker 1>to take a break, but when we come back, we

0:27:13.280 --> 0:27:17.680
<v Speaker 1>can talk about pit monster mythology and about pit trap

0:27:17.720 --> 0:27:20.520
<v Speaker 1>predators in the natural world. All right, we'll be right back.

0:27:23.920 --> 0:27:27.479
<v Speaker 1>All right, We're back now. Either way you look at it. Uh,

0:27:27.800 --> 0:27:30.080
<v Speaker 1>I'd say the star Lack is a creature with with

0:27:30.200 --> 0:27:34.720
<v Speaker 1>fittingly deep mythological roots. It is in essence as you

0:27:34.800 --> 0:27:37.520
<v Speaker 1>as you pointed out, the earth swallowing up the living,

0:27:37.840 --> 0:27:43.440
<v Speaker 1>with key ties to understandings and interpretations of earthquakes, sink holes,

0:27:43.800 --> 0:27:47.440
<v Speaker 1>just caves in general, but also other land based catastrophes.

0:27:47.840 --> 0:27:51.040
<v Speaker 1>So in preparing for this episode, I wanted to look

0:27:51.080 --> 0:27:53.760
<v Speaker 1>something up, something that I've always assumed because you see

0:27:53.760 --> 0:27:55.440
<v Speaker 1>it in movies. You know the scene in the movie

0:27:55.480 --> 0:27:58.959
<v Speaker 1>where there is an earthquake and the ground opens up,

0:27:59.000 --> 0:28:02.880
<v Speaker 1>there's this giant fissure, then everything just disappears super deep

0:28:02.920 --> 0:28:06.240
<v Speaker 1>into the earth. Uh. I was like, wait a minute,

0:28:06.320 --> 0:28:10.000
<v Speaker 1>does that happen in real life? Basically from what I

0:28:10.040 --> 0:28:12.840
<v Speaker 1>could tell most of the time, No, I think it's not,

0:28:13.080 --> 0:28:17.160
<v Speaker 1>in principle impossible. But generally in earthquakes there might be

0:28:17.200 --> 0:28:19.000
<v Speaker 1>you know, fissures that form in the ground, but they

0:28:19.040 --> 0:28:22.280
<v Speaker 1>don't You don't get these deep chasms going down into

0:28:22.320 --> 0:28:24.960
<v Speaker 1>the belly of the earth that you know swallow people

0:28:25.000 --> 0:28:27.639
<v Speaker 1>and buildings. Hold that if that happens at all, that

0:28:27.720 --> 0:28:31.760
<v Speaker 1>does not happen very often. Yeah, that that specifically happens

0:28:31.800 --> 0:28:34.280
<v Speaker 1>in the force awakens. Remember when Ray is having that

0:28:34.359 --> 0:28:37.200
<v Speaker 1>duel with Kylo Wren and then the the the earth

0:28:37.240 --> 0:28:40.920
<v Speaker 1>shakes and suddenly there's this this deep gulf between them,

0:28:41.120 --> 0:28:43.920
<v Speaker 1>which is you know, you know, awesome in a film,

0:28:43.960 --> 0:28:47.320
<v Speaker 1>but maybe not that likely in the real world. Yeah,

0:28:47.400 --> 0:28:51.160
<v Speaker 1>but it's interesting that. So if this doesn't actually happen

0:28:51.200 --> 0:28:53.720
<v Speaker 1>in reality, or at least doesn't happen often enough for

0:28:53.760 --> 0:28:55.840
<v Speaker 1>people to you know, really see it and make a

0:28:55.880 --> 0:28:58.120
<v Speaker 1>meme out of it and their culture, where does this

0:28:58.160 --> 0:29:00.560
<v Speaker 1>idea come from? Because it goes way back, the idea

0:29:00.640 --> 0:29:04.520
<v Speaker 1>that the earth like cracks open and swallows people whole. Right, Yeah,

0:29:04.640 --> 0:29:06.920
<v Speaker 1>I remember, like, well, first of all, I probably saw

0:29:06.960 --> 0:29:09.920
<v Speaker 1>it in various films growing up as well, but I

0:29:10.000 --> 0:29:15.640
<v Speaker 1>specifically remember having an illustrated um Bible Stories book and

0:29:15.720 --> 0:29:19.040
<v Speaker 1>it had an illustration of what I what I seem

0:29:19.120 --> 0:29:21.880
<v Speaker 1>to remember being the this episode from the Book of

0:29:21.960 --> 0:29:25.840
<v Speaker 1>Numbers in the Old Testament, which this is the King

0:29:25.920 --> 0:29:29.120
<v Speaker 1>James version quote, and the earth opened its mouth and

0:29:29.240 --> 0:29:32.680
<v Speaker 1>swallowed them up with their households and all the men

0:29:32.960 --> 0:29:37.840
<v Speaker 1>with Cora, with all their goods. Wow. Well yeah, that's

0:29:37.840 --> 0:29:41.840
<v Speaker 1>basically what the earthquake movie pictures. Yeah, so you know

0:29:41.920 --> 0:29:44.360
<v Speaker 1>it's it's I guess it's a pretty deeply set idea

0:29:44.680 --> 0:29:47.680
<v Speaker 1>in in that respect. So I was looking around to

0:29:47.840 --> 0:29:50.560
<v Speaker 1>see if I could come across any other like specific

0:29:50.680 --> 0:29:54.840
<v Speaker 1>ideas of monsters or gods or you know, the adventures

0:29:54.840 --> 0:29:59.000
<v Speaker 1>of a hero that involves something like the Sarlac. And

0:29:59.040 --> 0:30:00.960
<v Speaker 1>what I what I came a process maybe not a

0:30:01.040 --> 0:30:04.840
<v Speaker 1>you know, a directly related example, but but I think

0:30:04.840 --> 0:30:06.640
<v Speaker 1>once I explain it, people will see a number of

0:30:06.680 --> 0:30:09.760
<v Speaker 1>parallels that are pretty pretty interesting. This is from the

0:30:09.800 --> 0:30:15.440
<v Speaker 1>Mesoamerican mythology of the Aztecs, the earth goddess plow to

0:30:15.640 --> 0:30:19.120
<v Speaker 1>Kutli that is t l A l t e c

0:30:19.440 --> 0:30:23.720
<v Speaker 1>u h t l I and most translations and man,

0:30:23.840 --> 0:30:30.280
<v Speaker 1>she is a really interesting earth goddess. Yes, so for starters,

0:30:30.320 --> 0:30:35.040
<v Speaker 1>she embodies a typical primordial god goddess archetype of a

0:30:35.120 --> 0:30:40.040
<v Speaker 1>divided and dismembered form who scattered pieces constitute the world,

0:30:40.520 --> 0:30:43.480
<v Speaker 1>and we see that a lot in mythologies. But she

0:30:43.600 --> 0:30:49.200
<v Speaker 1>is also monstrous, incorporating amphibian and reptile morphology, and she

0:30:49.320 --> 0:30:52.360
<v Speaker 1>is also presented as an eater of the dead, so

0:30:52.400 --> 0:30:55.520
<v Speaker 1>the blood of human sacrifice flows into the earth to

0:30:55.640 --> 0:30:58.360
<v Speaker 1>feed her, and she is often depicted with a flint

0:30:58.480 --> 0:31:02.160
<v Speaker 1>knife between her teeth and or rivers of blood flowing

0:31:02.240 --> 0:31:05.760
<v Speaker 1>from her mouth. She's also seen as a boundary deity,

0:31:06.240 --> 0:31:09.560
<v Speaker 1>bridging the world of the living to Micklin, the world

0:31:09.600 --> 0:31:12.400
<v Speaker 1>of the dead, and her role here is essentially one

0:31:12.440 --> 0:31:17.200
<v Speaker 1>of of maintaining balance, and therefore sacrifices made to her

0:31:17.400 --> 0:31:21.160
<v Speaker 1>are about keeping into the balance of the world's together.

0:31:21.200 --> 0:31:23.520
<v Speaker 1>I mean, she is the Earth, and she is also

0:31:23.920 --> 0:31:26.560
<v Speaker 1>this bridge between our world and the world of the dead.

0:31:26.960 --> 0:31:28.880
<v Speaker 1>And when you look at likenesses of her, this is

0:31:28.880 --> 0:31:31.960
<v Speaker 1>also interesting. Her likeness was often carved into the base

0:31:32.040 --> 0:31:35.200
<v Speaker 1>of sculptures, you know, where humans could not see them

0:31:35.240 --> 0:31:38.280
<v Speaker 1>once the sculpture was in place where the sculpture touched

0:31:38.320 --> 0:31:41.480
<v Speaker 1>the earth, so you know, the living would not see this.

0:31:41.760 --> 0:31:43.640
<v Speaker 1>It's it's as if it was only to be seen

0:31:43.760 --> 0:31:48.160
<v Speaker 1>by her. Interesting now, her color was red, which is

0:31:48.200 --> 0:31:51.440
<v Speaker 1>of course the color for blood associated with sacrifice, but

0:31:51.920 --> 0:31:54.920
<v Speaker 1>red was also the color of sunset because at night

0:31:55.000 --> 0:31:57.400
<v Speaker 1>she was said to consume the sun. We think of

0:31:57.440 --> 0:32:01.040
<v Speaker 1>the you know, the setting sun uh aemingly to to

0:32:01.120 --> 0:32:04.600
<v Speaker 1>be consumed by the earth and then night sets in yeah,

0:32:04.680 --> 0:32:06.920
<v Speaker 1>and this is a motif we see in other mythologies

0:32:06.960 --> 0:32:10.000
<v Speaker 1>from around the world. I think there are the god

0:32:10.080 --> 0:32:12.400
<v Speaker 1>or the monster that eats the sun appears in Egyptian

0:32:12.440 --> 0:32:17.480
<v Speaker 1>mythology I believe in in Hindu stories. Yes, yes, indeed. Now,

0:32:17.520 --> 0:32:22.040
<v Speaker 1>if you look up some interpretations of this goddess uh,

0:32:22.200 --> 0:32:24.520
<v Speaker 1>you'll find at least a couple of different versions. One

0:32:24.640 --> 0:32:27.280
<v Speaker 1>is more of a uh, you know, more of a

0:32:27.480 --> 0:32:30.480
<v Speaker 1>just a monstrous feminine form. But there's another one that's

0:32:30.520 --> 0:32:33.600
<v Speaker 1>really interesting where it's kind of the squat toad like

0:32:34.000 --> 0:32:38.960
<v Speaker 1>creature with its mouth open skyword towards the eagle. And

0:32:39.240 --> 0:32:41.040
<v Speaker 1>and this one really makes me think of the star

0:32:41.120 --> 0:32:44.880
<v Speaker 1>Lac because it is like a mouth open wide towards

0:32:45.000 --> 0:32:47.720
<v Speaker 1>the heavens. Yeah, totally. Now, I think all this is

0:32:47.760 --> 0:32:50.080
<v Speaker 1>interesting in context of the star Lac because the star

0:32:50.200 --> 0:32:53.440
<v Speaker 1>Lac two is presented as something that is perhaps divine

0:32:53.640 --> 0:32:57.000
<v Speaker 1>and to some degree immortal uh and an entity that

0:32:57.120 --> 0:33:01.320
<v Speaker 1>demands sacrificial victims as well, and something of a gateway

0:33:01.360 --> 0:33:05.200
<v Speaker 1>between our world and a hellish underworld. Again, think back

0:33:05.240 --> 0:33:08.960
<v Speaker 1>to that that idea of a thousand years of digestion

0:33:09.000 --> 0:33:12.959
<v Speaker 1>in the belly of the sarlac Um. I remember this

0:33:13.040 --> 0:33:16.680
<v Speaker 1>was explored to a wonderful effect in a short story.

0:33:17.040 --> 0:33:19.680
<v Speaker 1>This was by um an author by the name of

0:33:19.760 --> 0:33:24.320
<v Speaker 1>Daniel Keys Moran published under the name J. D. Montgomery,

0:33:24.400 --> 0:33:28.400
<v Speaker 1>and it was in a short story collection called Tale

0:33:28.440 --> 0:33:32.120
<v Speaker 1>from Jabs Palace titled a bar of like that The

0:33:32.160 --> 0:33:35.120
<v Speaker 1>Tale of Boba Fette um And I haven't read it

0:33:35.120 --> 0:33:37.920
<v Speaker 1>since junior high school, but I remember really loving it

0:33:37.960 --> 0:33:40.600
<v Speaker 1>because it it kind of scratched that itch of like, oh,

0:33:40.680 --> 0:33:43.240
<v Speaker 1>I must know how Boba Fette escaped from the star Lak.

0:33:43.680 --> 0:33:47.000
<v Speaker 1>You know, you must write it for me, make it happen. Uh.

0:33:47.080 --> 0:33:50.560
<v Speaker 1>And so it succeeded in that, but it also presented

0:33:51.400 --> 0:33:54.200
<v Speaker 1>digestion in the Starlac as being this kind of sentient

0:33:54.360 --> 0:33:57.560
<v Speaker 1>immortality of pain. I have so many thoughts about this.

0:33:57.800 --> 0:34:00.360
<v Speaker 1>Uh So, first of all, I'm thinking about all of

0:34:00.400 --> 0:34:04.320
<v Speaker 1>the like sort of off label Star Wars fiction that

0:34:04.400 --> 0:34:06.880
<v Speaker 1>I read in the nineties. I didn't read as much

0:34:06.920 --> 0:34:08.640
<v Speaker 1>of it as some people did, but I do remember

0:34:08.719 --> 0:34:11.520
<v Speaker 1>I read some series of books that involved people who

0:34:11.560 --> 0:34:15.200
<v Speaker 1>had three eyes and like a whole bunch of weirdness.

0:34:15.239 --> 0:34:17.000
<v Speaker 1>But the other thing is, I'm sorry if this is

0:34:17.040 --> 0:34:19.600
<v Speaker 1>a is a frivolous side trail that. I've got to

0:34:19.640 --> 0:34:21.839
<v Speaker 1>ask you, Robert, do you have an opinion on the

0:34:21.880 --> 0:34:26.960
<v Speaker 1>belch the Starlac burp oh, after Fat falls in? Yeah,

0:34:26.960 --> 0:34:29.080
<v Speaker 1>it doesn't Fat fall in and then and then the

0:34:29.120 --> 0:34:33.279
<v Speaker 1>thing just it burps it. I'm not mistaken about this, right, No, No,

0:34:33.360 --> 0:34:36.520
<v Speaker 1>I believe it does burp pro burb or anti berb.

0:34:37.600 --> 0:34:40.680
<v Speaker 1>I guess I'm I'm pro burp. It's it's fun, it's funny.

0:34:40.760 --> 0:34:42.799
<v Speaker 1>I was probably there was probably a point that I'm

0:34:42.800 --> 0:34:45.920
<v Speaker 1>not specifically remembering in my Star Wars wors fandom wre

0:34:45.960 --> 0:34:48.040
<v Speaker 1>I probably thought I was above it and thought that

0:34:48.040 --> 0:34:50.439
<v Speaker 1>that belt should be edited out because I also didn't

0:34:50.440 --> 0:34:53.600
<v Speaker 1>want any indication that Fat was gone and that a

0:34:53.680 --> 0:34:56.880
<v Speaker 1>belt should be uh you know his um, you know

0:34:56.960 --> 0:35:00.480
<v Speaker 1>his tombstone. But I don't really have any st opinions

0:35:00.480 --> 0:35:03.839
<v Speaker 1>about it now. It seemed an ignominious end for this,

0:35:04.000 --> 0:35:08.040
<v Speaker 1>this much beloved minor character, and I think I think

0:35:08.080 --> 0:35:09.839
<v Speaker 1>it bothered me when I was younger, when I also

0:35:09.880 --> 0:35:12.359
<v Speaker 1>thought Boba Fette was so cool. I just gotta say,

0:35:12.360 --> 0:35:14.839
<v Speaker 1>I'm I'm about to earn us all the hate mail

0:35:14.840 --> 0:35:16.200
<v Speaker 1>we're going to get for the rest of the year.

0:35:17.200 --> 0:35:20.319
<v Speaker 1>Boats armor looks cool. But I don't actually get what

0:35:20.520 --> 0:35:24.720
<v Speaker 1>is just like mind meltingly amazing about him two people.

0:35:24.800 --> 0:35:27.360
<v Speaker 1>I just feel like he's a kind of cool looking character.

0:35:27.480 --> 0:35:30.680
<v Speaker 1>He's got like five lines. Yeah, yeah, I think it

0:35:30.719 --> 0:35:33.000
<v Speaker 1>comes back to like the less you know, right, there

0:35:33.080 --> 0:35:36.480
<v Speaker 1>was mystery about really all those bounty hunters and um,

0:35:37.400 --> 0:35:39.920
<v Speaker 1>you know who were these guys? What what was their deal?

0:35:40.160 --> 0:35:42.520
<v Speaker 1>You know? What what was the I like the one

0:35:42.560 --> 0:35:45.600
<v Speaker 1>that's got like insect dies like a fly's head, Yeah,

0:35:45.800 --> 0:35:48.760
<v Speaker 1>he's good. Or the reptilian one with the long arms,

0:35:48.800 --> 0:35:50.799
<v Speaker 1>and I'm sorry, I know they all have names and

0:35:50.880 --> 0:35:53.840
<v Speaker 1>species and uh, if if I had my alien archive

0:35:53.920 --> 0:35:55.680
<v Speaker 1>book in front of me, I would look them up.

0:35:55.840 --> 0:35:59.560
<v Speaker 1>But basically it's a wonderful rogues gallery. Well, I don't

0:35:59.600 --> 0:36:01.680
<v Speaker 1>have a position on the burp, but you know what,

0:36:01.960 --> 0:36:05.080
<v Speaker 1>I'll support you in your decision, so so have me

0:36:05.160 --> 0:36:07.920
<v Speaker 1>on board. I'm probb to. Yeah. I mean it's star

0:36:08.040 --> 0:36:10.800
<v Speaker 1>Lag getting a good laugh there. I I think I

0:36:10.800 --> 0:36:13.480
<v Speaker 1>think it was well received by my son. Now, I

0:36:13.520 --> 0:36:15.880
<v Speaker 1>want to talk a little bit more about mythology here

0:36:15.880 --> 0:36:18.520
<v Speaker 1>because I feel like there's an excellent connection to be made.

0:36:18.960 --> 0:36:24.560
<v Speaker 1>Um specifically, I'm thinking about a parallel here in Greek mythology,

0:36:24.640 --> 0:36:28.160
<v Speaker 1>where of course we have Skilla and Charybdis, the twin

0:36:28.239 --> 0:36:32.600
<v Speaker 1>oceanic dangers that Odysseus must sail between the very horns

0:36:32.640 --> 0:36:37.920
<v Speaker 1>of dilemma. Uh. These are magnificent monstrosities. Oh yeah, the classics.

0:36:37.920 --> 0:36:40.120
<v Speaker 1>I mean, like the ultimate sea monster. How could you

0:36:40.160 --> 0:36:43.879
<v Speaker 1>beat it? Yeah? So Charybdis. I think it's the most

0:36:43.880 --> 0:36:48.600
<v Speaker 1>obvious analog here, an underwater monster of varying description that

0:36:48.680 --> 0:36:51.799
<v Speaker 1>above water is just seen as this massive whirlpool that

0:36:51.880 --> 0:36:55.560
<v Speaker 1>threatens to swallow up any ship that comes near it. Meanwhile,

0:36:55.840 --> 0:36:59.120
<v Speaker 1>Skilla is this multi headed beast that plucks men from

0:36:59.160 --> 0:37:03.839
<v Speaker 1>their ships. Now the star Lack basically incorporates elements from

0:37:03.880 --> 0:37:06.920
<v Speaker 1>both of these monsters, because we have to remember that, Okay,

0:37:06.960 --> 0:37:10.719
<v Speaker 1>Tattooing is a desert world, but the dune sea has

0:37:10.760 --> 0:37:13.600
<v Speaker 1>all of these oceanic qualities to it as well. And

0:37:13.600 --> 0:37:15.640
<v Speaker 1>in fact, I mean the whole encounter in Return of

0:37:15.640 --> 0:37:18.799
<v Speaker 1>the Jedi is essentially the sci Fi mash up of

0:37:18.960 --> 0:37:22.839
<v Speaker 1>nautical and swashbuckling tropes. Oh yeah, I mean, I think

0:37:22.840 --> 0:37:24.680
<v Speaker 1>that's the thing people might not realize if they're not

0:37:24.719 --> 0:37:27.920
<v Speaker 1>familiar with the old Errol Flynn Pirate movies and stuff

0:37:27.960 --> 0:37:31.040
<v Speaker 1>like that. But clearly they're walking the plank off the skiff.

0:37:31.040 --> 0:37:33.239
<v Speaker 1>This is supposed to be boats on the ocean. Job

0:37:33.280 --> 0:37:37.120
<v Speaker 1>of the hut is an evil pirate captain. Yes, yes,

0:37:37.320 --> 0:37:40.240
<v Speaker 1>I mean it makes perfect sense that the Crybdis analog

0:37:40.560 --> 0:37:44.600
<v Speaker 1>here becomes very clear. And I should also point out

0:37:44.640 --> 0:37:47.240
<v Speaker 1>that for anybody out there who may be a Percy

0:37:47.320 --> 0:37:52.240
<v Speaker 1>Jackson fan. In uh, the film adaptation Percy of Percy

0:37:52.320 --> 0:37:56.560
<v Speaker 1>Jackson Sea of Monsters, it has a wonderful Crybdis in it. Uh,

0:37:56.640 --> 0:37:59.399
<v Speaker 1>Crybdis shows up and really takes on a very star

0:37:59.560 --> 0:38:03.359
<v Speaker 1>lackey an appearance, no doubt playing upon this connection. Yeah,

0:38:03.400 --> 0:38:05.760
<v Speaker 1>you attached an image. It is a very good looking

0:38:05.800 --> 0:38:08.239
<v Speaker 1>mall and it's got the inward facing spike teeth. I

0:38:08.280 --> 0:38:10.799
<v Speaker 1>like it a lot. Yeah, it's it's quite it's quite

0:38:10.800 --> 0:38:13.319
<v Speaker 1>a wonderful sequence. Like if you if you just want

0:38:13.320 --> 0:38:15.080
<v Speaker 1>to check it out for no other reason, check it

0:38:15.080 --> 0:38:18.000
<v Speaker 1>out for that. Uh, it's pretty fun as well. Uh. Now,

0:38:18.040 --> 0:38:20.920
<v Speaker 1>my son and my wife who have read the book

0:38:20.920 --> 0:38:24.040
<v Speaker 1>tell me that in the book both Skilla and carib

0:38:24.120 --> 0:38:26.840
<v Speaker 1>does show up, but in the movie we're just stuck

0:38:26.880 --> 0:38:30.239
<v Speaker 1>with the whirlpool. But still the whirlpool is fabulous. Now,

0:38:30.239 --> 0:38:32.840
<v Speaker 1>I think maybe it's time to turn to the natural

0:38:32.880 --> 0:38:35.839
<v Speaker 1>world and look at some animals that that, even here

0:38:35.880 --> 0:38:39.080
<v Speaker 1>on Earth somewhat mimic the star lac. Now, there there

0:38:39.160 --> 0:38:42.359
<v Speaker 1>might be one that you out there are already thinking of,

0:38:42.520 --> 0:38:45.880
<v Speaker 1>because it's it's it's quite monstrously close, though on a

0:38:45.960 --> 0:38:48.840
<v Speaker 1>much smaller scale. And that would be, of course, the

0:38:48.880 --> 0:38:53.040
<v Speaker 1>ant lion. Yes, uh, the ant lion is is certainly

0:38:53.200 --> 0:38:55.319
<v Speaker 1>the first place that my mind goes when I think

0:38:55.320 --> 0:38:57.840
<v Speaker 1>of the star lac, because it's also something that I

0:38:57.960 --> 0:39:01.160
<v Speaker 1>definitely remember encountering as a child. Getting to see the

0:39:01.200 --> 0:39:03.920
<v Speaker 1>ant lions in action. Uh, you know, and try and

0:39:04.000 --> 0:39:06.000
<v Speaker 1>you know, ultimately try and trigger them to you know,

0:39:06.040 --> 0:39:07.960
<v Speaker 1>try and get them to to eat the ends of

0:39:08.000 --> 0:39:10.520
<v Speaker 1>sticks and whatnot, which I'm not recommending you do, but

0:39:10.719 --> 0:39:13.279
<v Speaker 1>if if you get a chance to observe an ant

0:39:13.320 --> 0:39:16.279
<v Speaker 1>lion in the wild, it's worth checking out. Robert, where

0:39:16.320 --> 0:39:19.320
<v Speaker 1>did you encounter them? Were you in the Southwest? I know,

0:39:19.440 --> 0:39:24.480
<v Speaker 1>in Arizona or wherever? Uh this, I definitely remember encountering

0:39:24.520 --> 0:39:28.479
<v Speaker 1>them in Tennessee. Actually, yeah, like this would have been

0:39:28.800 --> 0:39:33.839
<v Speaker 1>um a north western Tennessee. I remember encountering them there.

0:39:34.160 --> 0:39:36.560
<v Speaker 1>Maybe my mind was primed for Arizona because I just

0:39:36.600 --> 0:39:39.799
<v Speaker 1>know that that's where they shot the sarlaxines. I think

0:39:39.800 --> 0:39:42.120
<v Speaker 1>it's near Yuma that they did that. But yeah, I

0:39:42.120 --> 0:39:45.200
<v Speaker 1>guess the range of the ant lion is much wider. Yeah,

0:39:45.200 --> 0:39:48.040
<v Speaker 1>I mean it needs sand or loose soil. But uh,

0:39:49.320 --> 0:39:51.920
<v Speaker 1>I understand it's fairly why I've spread. Now, I will say,

0:39:51.960 --> 0:39:55.080
<v Speaker 1>I am just recalling a childhood memory here. It is

0:39:55.360 --> 0:39:57.960
<v Speaker 1>entirely possible that I was observing something else and thought

0:39:57.960 --> 0:40:00.719
<v Speaker 1>it was an ant lion, or that my memory has

0:40:00.719 --> 0:40:04.000
<v Speaker 1>some other has become altered one way or another. But

0:40:04.080 --> 0:40:06.200
<v Speaker 1>I'm pretty sure I saw an antline. Oh, I'm not

0:40:06.239 --> 0:40:09.560
<v Speaker 1>doubting you. The ant lion, as we alluded to earlier

0:40:09.560 --> 0:40:11.960
<v Speaker 1>when we were talking about life cycles of of the

0:40:11.960 --> 0:40:15.480
<v Speaker 1>possible sarlac or or analogs in the natural world, the

0:40:15.640 --> 0:40:18.560
<v Speaker 1>ant lion, as we know it is, is actually mainly

0:40:18.800 --> 0:40:23.279
<v Speaker 1>one stage of the life of a certain insect. That's right,

0:40:23.360 --> 0:40:26.720
<v Speaker 1>it's the it's the larval form of a rather nondescript

0:40:27.160 --> 0:40:31.120
<v Speaker 1>of flying romillion today, insect of which there are some

0:40:31.200 --> 0:40:35.040
<v Speaker 1>two thousand individual species. So, in other words, the ant

0:40:35.080 --> 0:40:38.080
<v Speaker 1>lion the larval form here is a high is highly

0:40:38.120 --> 0:40:41.520
<v Speaker 1>interesting and unique, while the adult form is basically a

0:40:41.560 --> 0:40:44.920
<v Speaker 1>short lived I mean, very short lived flying nothing that

0:40:45.080 --> 0:40:49.600
<v Speaker 1>is far less studied. I mean, when you got you

0:40:49.680 --> 0:40:52.000
<v Speaker 1>got one stage of your life cycle where you become

0:40:52.040 --> 0:40:54.480
<v Speaker 1>a sarlac, You're just not going to get a lot

0:40:54.560 --> 0:40:56.400
<v Speaker 1>of attention for the part of your life where you

0:40:56.400 --> 0:41:00.000
<v Speaker 1>grow wings and fly around and land on plants. Yeah.

0:41:00.040 --> 0:41:02.239
<v Speaker 1>So let's talk about the larval form first. So the

0:41:02.320 --> 0:41:04.880
<v Speaker 1>larval ant lion, and I recommend looking at a picture

0:41:04.880 --> 0:41:07.320
<v Speaker 1>of this anyone if you you have seen an illustration,

0:41:07.360 --> 0:41:11.360
<v Speaker 1>because it's really gnarly. It has this globular abdomen, a

0:41:11.520 --> 0:41:15.760
<v Speaker 1>narrow head, and a set of vicious sickle shaped mandibles.

0:41:15.880 --> 0:41:19.400
<v Speaker 1>Some species, but not all, famously make their home at

0:41:19.400 --> 0:41:22.200
<v Speaker 1>the bottom of a shallow pit, a shallow pit trap

0:41:22.320 --> 0:41:25.279
<v Speaker 1>that they make themselves. Uh and then the and they

0:41:25.400 --> 0:41:29.280
<v Speaker 1>produced this by burrowing backwards in a circle, flicking loose

0:41:29.680 --> 0:41:31.600
<v Speaker 1>soil or sand out of the way as they go.

0:41:32.120 --> 0:41:36.360
<v Speaker 1>And then once they're situated, only those twin mandibles remain visible,

0:41:36.400 --> 0:41:39.279
<v Speaker 1>poking out of the bottom of the sand pit. Yeah.

0:41:39.320 --> 0:41:41.359
<v Speaker 1>So so they form this thing, like you're saying, by

0:41:41.360 --> 0:41:45.040
<v Speaker 1>sort of digging around in a conical in a conical shape,

0:41:45.560 --> 0:41:49.600
<v Speaker 1>going backwards, flinging the sand out until they've created this

0:41:49.719 --> 0:41:53.520
<v Speaker 1>pit that's got these sort of perfectly sloped conical sides.

0:41:53.560 --> 0:41:56.000
<v Speaker 1>It's like a you know, like a coffee filter sort

0:41:56.040 --> 0:41:58.640
<v Speaker 1>of uh. And it reminds me of the episodes we

0:41:58.680 --> 0:42:02.239
<v Speaker 1>did about spider web agmission, because um, you know, it's

0:42:02.280 --> 0:42:07.080
<v Speaker 1>interesting to think about the underlying algorithms in an animal's brain,

0:42:07.239 --> 0:42:09.680
<v Speaker 1>like in the spider's brain that produced the web, or

0:42:09.680 --> 0:42:11.919
<v Speaker 1>in the ant lion's brain that enable it to make

0:42:11.920 --> 0:42:15.120
<v Speaker 1>these perfect little conical pit traps. And I remember one

0:42:15.160 --> 0:42:17.040
<v Speaker 1>of the things we talked about in that other episode

0:42:17.040 --> 0:42:21.759
<v Speaker 1>about spiderweb cognissition was how beautiful and complex patterns emerge

0:42:21.800 --> 0:42:26.839
<v Speaker 1>in spiderwebs, even based on extremely simple algorithms for spinning, which,

0:42:26.840 --> 0:42:30.319
<v Speaker 1>of course, the spiders can vary to adapt to environmental conditions.

0:42:30.480 --> 0:42:33.279
<v Speaker 1>And I think there are some environmental variables that that

0:42:33.360 --> 0:42:35.880
<v Speaker 1>work on ant lions as well. This might include things

0:42:35.920 --> 0:42:39.040
<v Speaker 1>like the depth of the sand and the grain size.

0:42:39.560 --> 0:42:41.800
<v Speaker 1>I was looking at one study that said apparently ant

0:42:41.840 --> 0:42:45.400
<v Speaker 1>lions and a similar predator called worm lions tend to

0:42:45.400 --> 0:42:49.120
<v Speaker 1>prefer finer and deeper sand, the finer sand, I'm sure

0:42:49.960 --> 0:42:53.239
<v Speaker 1>better to trap you with exactly. So how does this

0:42:53.280 --> 0:42:56.920
<v Speaker 1>trapping work? Well? When ants or other small insects fall

0:42:57.040 --> 0:43:01.080
<v Speaker 1>into the pit, the ant lion throws more sand, like

0:43:01.160 --> 0:43:05.520
<v Speaker 1>flicks more sand up towards the would be victim in

0:43:05.640 --> 0:43:08.520
<v Speaker 1>order to keep them from escaping, and then they grapple

0:43:08.600 --> 0:43:11.600
<v Speaker 1>their victim at the bottom of that pit, piercing their

0:43:11.640 --> 0:43:15.600
<v Speaker 1>body with those mandibles and sucking out the fluids. Afterwards,

0:43:15.600 --> 0:43:19.160
<v Speaker 1>the ant lion flicks the desiccated corpse out and then

0:43:19.200 --> 0:43:22.480
<v Speaker 1>resets the pit for its next meal. Yeah, the and

0:43:22.600 --> 0:43:24.720
<v Speaker 1>you can look up video of this of them literally

0:43:24.760 --> 0:43:28.160
<v Speaker 1>just throwing like desiccated ant bodies out of their pit,

0:43:28.320 --> 0:43:32.359
<v Speaker 1>just chucking them off to the side, literally a dead soldier. Now,

0:43:32.400 --> 0:43:34.560
<v Speaker 1>I can't remember if we mentioned, but the antline does

0:43:34.600 --> 0:43:37.640
<v Speaker 1>have it does have chemicals on its side when it

0:43:37.680 --> 0:43:39.880
<v Speaker 1>attacks the victim that falls down to the bottom of

0:43:39.920 --> 0:43:44.080
<v Speaker 1>the pit. So it's uh, it's piercing mandibles. The it's

0:43:44.120 --> 0:43:47.560
<v Speaker 1>pincer type things inject a venom to the prey. But

0:43:47.640 --> 0:43:50.520
<v Speaker 1>then also they've got a digestive enzyme that they use

0:43:50.800 --> 0:43:53.359
<v Speaker 1>much like some of the spider feeding stuff that we've

0:43:53.360 --> 0:43:56.640
<v Speaker 1>talked about where they can inject the enzyme that sort

0:43:56.680 --> 0:43:59.279
<v Speaker 1>of melts the guts of the prey animal and then

0:43:59.320 --> 0:44:02.799
<v Speaker 1>allows some easy slurping. Now, like the star lac, the

0:44:02.840 --> 0:44:05.879
<v Speaker 1>anti lion benefits from a really slow metabolism. The ant

0:44:05.960 --> 0:44:09.200
<v Speaker 1>lion can go months without food and get this, does

0:44:09.239 --> 0:44:12.839
<v Speaker 1>not even have an anus. It simply puts off defecation

0:44:13.160 --> 0:44:16.640
<v Speaker 1>until it assumes it's a mature and final form. And

0:44:16.640 --> 0:44:19.160
<v Speaker 1>this is something we see in other larval forms as

0:44:19.160 --> 0:44:23.239
<v Speaker 1>well um elsewhere in the animal kingdom, where basically the

0:44:23.239 --> 0:44:26.120
<v Speaker 1>creature is an eating machine. It's just about eating and eating,

0:44:26.120 --> 0:44:28.920
<v Speaker 1>and it can in some cases just put off pooping

0:44:29.200 --> 0:44:34.040
<v Speaker 1>until it has reached that final morphological form that is

0:44:34.080 --> 0:44:37.080
<v Speaker 1>going to obtain. Yeah, let's stick on this for a second.

0:44:37.200 --> 0:44:39.800
<v Speaker 1>In case that just went by you, the ant lion

0:44:40.120 --> 0:44:43.080
<v Speaker 1>in its larval stage does not have an anus and

0:44:43.239 --> 0:44:46.520
<v Speaker 1>cannot poop, and this goes on for the entire larval

0:44:46.600 --> 0:44:49.000
<v Speaker 1>stage of its life cycle, which can last for up

0:44:49.040 --> 0:44:52.640
<v Speaker 1>to three years. Right, no anus, you got your poop

0:44:52.680 --> 0:44:55.480
<v Speaker 1>in for three years. So I guess imagine if like

0:44:55.600 --> 0:44:58.680
<v Speaker 1>we only grew an anus and became able to defecate

0:44:58.680 --> 0:45:01.320
<v Speaker 1>when we turned eighteen or something, you know, the parents

0:45:01.360 --> 0:45:03.800
<v Speaker 1>talking about how you know you'll poop when you're older,

0:45:03.920 --> 0:45:07.400
<v Speaker 1>you'll understand then, Oh man, I mean, I guess I

0:45:07.400 --> 0:45:10.359
<v Speaker 1>have mixed thoughts about that, because on one hand, not

0:45:10.440 --> 0:45:12.920
<v Speaker 1>having to poop is is I mean, it's really everyone's dream.

0:45:13.600 --> 0:45:16.520
<v Speaker 1>But on the other hand, being filled with an increasing

0:45:16.520 --> 0:45:20.399
<v Speaker 1>amount of poop is everyone's nightmare. So uh, I guess

0:45:20.400 --> 0:45:23.160
<v Speaker 1>it just comes down to that, like you either extreme,

0:45:23.239 --> 0:45:25.520
<v Speaker 1>you you don't want either extreme. You want the balance

0:45:25.560 --> 0:45:28.840
<v Speaker 1>of normal human pooping. Now, the funny thing is that

0:45:28.920 --> 0:45:33.560
<v Speaker 1>there are some skewed ways where we conceptualize animal life cycles,

0:45:33.600 --> 0:45:36.440
<v Speaker 1>insect life cycles and stuff. Because we're talking about how

0:45:36.480 --> 0:45:39.280
<v Speaker 1>when the antline is done with its pit trap larval

0:45:39.320 --> 0:45:42.520
<v Speaker 1>stage and then matures and becomes an adult. But this

0:45:42.600 --> 0:45:46.080
<v Speaker 1>adult stage lasts for a much shorter period than its

0:45:46.160 --> 0:45:49.120
<v Speaker 1>larval stage does, so in a weird way, you shouldn't

0:45:49.120 --> 0:45:52.280
<v Speaker 1>think of its adult phase as like it's normal life,

0:45:52.520 --> 0:45:56.320
<v Speaker 1>right right, Yeah, Because again you mentioned that the larval

0:45:56.360 --> 0:45:59.920
<v Speaker 1>stage will live like about three years, but the flying

0:46:00.040 --> 0:46:03.040
<v Speaker 1>adult stage lives for a mere twenty five days or so,

0:46:03.520 --> 0:46:06.120
<v Speaker 1>So really it's adult form is just its last hurrah.

0:46:06.320 --> 0:46:08.919
<v Speaker 1>You know, this is about it just well, I guess

0:46:08.960 --> 0:46:13.759
<v Speaker 1>finally pooping, but also and more importantly reproducing. Right, yes,

0:46:14.120 --> 0:46:16.160
<v Speaker 1>now this would sort of answer the question for me

0:46:16.200 --> 0:46:18.080
<v Speaker 1>that I had when we were beginning to work on

0:46:18.120 --> 0:46:20.640
<v Speaker 1>this episode. I was wondering, like, does a star lack

0:46:20.760 --> 0:46:23.000
<v Speaker 1>poop if its whole body is under the ground. If

0:46:23.040 --> 0:46:25.919
<v Speaker 1>it does poop, where does the poop go? And now

0:46:26.360 --> 0:46:29.360
<v Speaker 1>you hypothesized, Robert, You were like, well, maybe it doesn't poop,

0:46:29.480 --> 0:46:32.000
<v Speaker 1>just like the antline doesn't poop. But the airline's got

0:46:32.000 --> 0:46:34.399
<v Speaker 1>a poop eventually, it's got the next stage of its

0:46:34.440 --> 0:46:36.040
<v Speaker 1>life cycle. And as far as we know, the star

0:46:36.120 --> 0:46:39.920
<v Speaker 1>lack does not. It's not gonna eventually grow wings, grow ananus,

0:46:39.920 --> 0:46:42.239
<v Speaker 1>and then fly off somewhere to poop everything that has

0:46:42.280 --> 0:46:45.239
<v Speaker 1>accumulated over the thousands of years. So what's going on

0:46:45.320 --> 0:46:48.080
<v Speaker 1>with the star lac Well, it does make me think

0:46:48.120 --> 0:46:51.239
<v Speaker 1>it could. This is just me, you know, spitball in here.

0:46:51.560 --> 0:46:56.080
<v Speaker 1>But perhaps if there is anything it cannot digest, maybe

0:46:56.120 --> 0:46:58.799
<v Speaker 1>it spits it back out, kind of like an owl will,

0:46:58.840 --> 0:47:01.759
<v Speaker 1>do you know with something that you know that it

0:47:01.840 --> 0:47:05.400
<v Speaker 1>is swallowed, you know, the various bones and whatnot. Or

0:47:05.800 --> 0:47:10.400
<v Speaker 1>perhaps there is just like terminal digestion going on inside

0:47:11.080 --> 0:47:14.520
<v Speaker 1>the sarlac. You know, it's just digesting and digesting, and

0:47:14.920 --> 0:47:17.439
<v Speaker 1>at the end of this there's just nothing like maybe

0:47:17.480 --> 0:47:19.800
<v Speaker 1>it's just that efficient. I can see that. But I

0:47:19.880 --> 0:47:22.520
<v Speaker 1>also like the idea of the two way digestive system.

0:47:22.560 --> 0:47:25.080
<v Speaker 1>There are organisms like that that live in the ocean,

0:47:25.120 --> 0:47:28.279
<v Speaker 1>mainly like the hydra I believe has a has a

0:47:28.320 --> 0:47:32.360
<v Speaker 1>two way digestive system where it basically eats and poops

0:47:32.360 --> 0:47:35.080
<v Speaker 1>through the same opening. That's right, Yeah, I think we

0:47:35.120 --> 0:47:37.799
<v Speaker 1>went into that on our episode about the evolution of

0:47:37.800 --> 0:47:40.680
<v Speaker 1>the anus um. So yeah, there are there are various

0:47:40.719 --> 0:47:44.480
<v Speaker 1>models for this that we see throughout the evolution of

0:47:44.520 --> 0:47:46.759
<v Speaker 1>life on Earth. It could be, uh, you know, used

0:47:46.760 --> 0:47:48.759
<v Speaker 1>to explain it another way of looking at it would

0:47:48.800 --> 0:47:51.600
<v Speaker 1>be something down there under the ground is pooping for

0:47:51.600 --> 0:47:54.600
<v Speaker 1>the star lac, but we don't really know what sort

0:47:54.640 --> 0:47:58.359
<v Speaker 1>of underground environment it is pooping into. Like there could

0:47:58.360 --> 0:48:02.640
<v Speaker 1>be a pretty rich under underground world on tattooing, right,

0:48:02.719 --> 0:48:05.520
<v Speaker 1>I mean, there could be you know, organisms that depend

0:48:05.719 --> 0:48:09.760
<v Speaker 1>on the poop of the sarlac for food or or

0:48:10.160 --> 0:48:13.000
<v Speaker 1>for shelter in the same way that the poop of

0:48:13.000 --> 0:48:16.239
<v Speaker 1>of of large you know, megafauna are essential to the

0:48:16.320 --> 0:48:19.160
<v Speaker 1>life cycles of organisms here on the surface of Earth.

0:48:19.520 --> 0:48:22.280
<v Speaker 1>Here's one for you. Here's a here's my hypothesis. Okay,

0:48:22.480 --> 0:48:27.920
<v Speaker 1>the sarlac secretes an acidic compound that slowly over time

0:48:28.000 --> 0:48:32.640
<v Speaker 1>dissolves the bedrock, dissolves the sedimentary rock down below where

0:48:32.719 --> 0:48:35.800
<v Speaker 1>it is resting in the ground, and forms a karst

0:48:35.920 --> 0:48:39.360
<v Speaker 1>cavity in the ground, basically creates its own poop cave,

0:48:39.480 --> 0:48:42.959
<v Speaker 1>and then poops into the cave. Uh. What do you think?

0:48:43.400 --> 0:48:45.960
<v Speaker 1>I like it? I like it. You could have a

0:48:46.080 --> 0:48:49.360
<v Speaker 1>whole uh, you know, the whole aspect of Tattooine society

0:48:49.440 --> 0:48:52.200
<v Speaker 1>where like jawas are out there trying to dig down

0:48:52.320 --> 0:48:54.799
<v Speaker 1>to get those poop reserves from the sarlacs. You know,

0:48:55.040 --> 0:48:58.000
<v Speaker 1>like especially if it's like ancient poop reserves of the sarlac,

0:48:58.040 --> 0:49:01.959
<v Speaker 1>it's aged and you know, high valuable for something or another.

0:49:02.040 --> 0:49:04.719
<v Speaker 1>I'm sure. Uh, I've got it, the most sought after

0:49:05.200 --> 0:49:11.520
<v Speaker 1>fertilizer in the universe. Oh nice, Yes, the poop must flow. Yes. Now,

0:49:11.680 --> 0:49:15.359
<v Speaker 1>I mentioned earlier that not all ant lions um are

0:49:15.440 --> 0:49:18.520
<v Speaker 1>are going to be these these uh, these pit digging

0:49:18.719 --> 0:49:23.120
<v Speaker 1>um trap predators. You also have some that that that

0:49:23.239 --> 0:49:26.480
<v Speaker 1>have other modes of existence, and we see this also

0:49:26.560 --> 0:49:30.160
<v Speaker 1>with owl flies, which are uh an organism that look

0:49:30.280 --> 0:49:34.320
<v Speaker 1>very similar as larva and also live as ambush predators

0:49:34.320 --> 0:49:37.280
<v Speaker 1>in the soil. They look again a lot like ant lions,

0:49:37.960 --> 0:49:40.360
<v Speaker 1>but while it seems like they have been known to

0:49:40.400 --> 0:49:43.360
<v Speaker 1>obscure their lower bodies with sand and debris, UH the

0:49:43.440 --> 0:49:46.200
<v Speaker 1>al fly larva don't seem to engage in the sort

0:49:46.239 --> 0:49:50.000
<v Speaker 1>of robust, pit based and stationary ambush tactics that we

0:49:50.040 --> 0:49:53.440
<v Speaker 1>see with those most notable species of antlions. Now, I

0:49:53.480 --> 0:49:56.600
<v Speaker 1>mentioned earlier that there is a very similar pit trap

0:49:56.640 --> 0:49:59.880
<v Speaker 1>predator which has a hunting strategy almost identical to that

0:50:00.080 --> 0:50:02.800
<v Speaker 1>of the ant lion, and this is a winged insect

0:50:02.880 --> 0:50:07.040
<v Speaker 1>family called Vermilion a day known as the worm lions.

0:50:07.360 --> 0:50:10.080
<v Speaker 1>I think this might actually be an even closer parallel

0:50:10.160 --> 0:50:14.160
<v Speaker 1>to the sarlac because it is a striking worm and

0:50:14.200 --> 0:50:16.840
<v Speaker 1>in this way it kind of resembles the tentacles of

0:50:16.880 --> 0:50:19.960
<v Speaker 1>the carcoon uh of the star lack of the pit

0:50:20.000 --> 0:50:23.960
<v Speaker 1>of carcoon. So despite how similar their pit trap strategies are,

0:50:24.000 --> 0:50:27.160
<v Speaker 1>I was reading that the interestingly, worm lions are not

0:50:27.440 --> 0:50:31.720
<v Speaker 1>closely related to ant lions. This appears to be another

0:50:31.800 --> 0:50:36.719
<v Speaker 1>interesting example of convergent evolution where in totally different ways, uh,

0:50:36.840 --> 0:50:40.759
<v Speaker 1>different organisms have discovered basically the same way to to

0:50:41.160 --> 0:50:43.440
<v Speaker 1>make a living. And in this case, it's digging these

0:50:43.480 --> 0:50:46.719
<v Speaker 1>conical pit traps in the sand. Another thing I was

0:50:46.760 --> 0:50:49.640
<v Speaker 1>wondering is like, why do the conical pits look so

0:50:49.719 --> 0:50:53.239
<v Speaker 1>similar if the hunters are not closely related, wouldn't the

0:50:53.239 --> 0:50:56.480
<v Speaker 1>pits be kind of more different for these different animals.

0:50:56.680 --> 0:50:59.840
<v Speaker 1>Apparently has to do with mass or like the geometry

0:51:00.000 --> 0:51:03.600
<v Speaker 1>of how sediments lay at an angle. Uh. The angles

0:51:03.600 --> 0:51:05.920
<v Speaker 1>of the pit slopes are determined by what's known as

0:51:05.920 --> 0:51:09.719
<v Speaker 1>the angle of repose, which is the steepest angle at

0:51:09.719 --> 0:51:15.600
<v Speaker 1>which a sloping surface formed of a loose material is stable. Interesting,

0:51:16.000 --> 0:51:18.000
<v Speaker 1>so you'll see that kind of like on the edges

0:51:18.040 --> 0:51:21.160
<v Speaker 1>of mountains where there's sediments sliding down, it will settle

0:51:21.200 --> 0:51:24.080
<v Speaker 1>into a certain angle that is stable. If it gets

0:51:24.080 --> 0:51:26.360
<v Speaker 1>any steeper than that, it will start to collapse in

0:51:26.400 --> 0:51:29.760
<v Speaker 1>an avalancheal form. Yeah, that that makes sense. I should

0:51:29.760 --> 0:51:32.760
<v Speaker 1>also add that everyone should definitely look up a picture

0:51:32.880 --> 0:51:36.080
<v Speaker 1>of the worm lion because it is very very cool

0:51:36.120 --> 0:51:39.360
<v Speaker 1>looking at it has I think you mentioned like tentacle

0:51:39.600 --> 0:51:43.560
<v Speaker 1>like protrusions around its head. Uh, Like the image I'm

0:51:43.600 --> 0:51:46.239
<v Speaker 1>looking at here looks like four of them. Oh, and

0:51:46.360 --> 0:51:49.879
<v Speaker 1>that its body just itself looks like a tentacle. It

0:51:49.960 --> 0:51:52.960
<v Speaker 1>is the organism, but like when it's wrapping around an

0:51:52.960 --> 0:51:55.480
<v Speaker 1>ant or beetle or something that's falling into the trap,

0:51:56.200 --> 0:51:59.759
<v Speaker 1>it looks kind of like a sarlac tentacle. Yeah, it's segmented,

0:51:59.800 --> 0:52:03.680
<v Speaker 1>but but appears far more prehensile than you know, something

0:52:03.719 --> 0:52:06.759
<v Speaker 1>like a normal earth worm. But there is another organism

0:52:06.840 --> 0:52:09.399
<v Speaker 1>that's parallel to the sarlac in some ways I think

0:52:09.440 --> 0:52:12.480
<v Speaker 1>we should definitely talk about, and that is the predatory

0:52:12.600 --> 0:52:18.640
<v Speaker 1>polycute worm known as unicey afrodetois yes, also known as

0:52:18.640 --> 0:52:21.399
<v Speaker 1>a sand striker uh, and it has some other names

0:52:21.440 --> 0:52:23.520
<v Speaker 1>I'm not going to mention here on the show, but

0:52:23.840 --> 0:52:26.759
<v Speaker 1>that have been informally applied to it. But it's essentially

0:52:26.800 --> 0:52:30.920
<v Speaker 1>a rainbow colored marine deathworm, and it buries itself in

0:52:30.960 --> 0:52:34.719
<v Speaker 1>the sand, ready to strike at passing prey. They can

0:52:34.760 --> 0:52:39.120
<v Speaker 1>reach lengths of nearly nine point eight feeders or two pots,

0:52:39.520 --> 0:52:42.279
<v Speaker 1>but most of its segmented body remains coiled in the

0:52:42.360 --> 0:52:45.640
<v Speaker 1>sand and as an array of five antennae to help

0:52:45.640 --> 0:52:48.400
<v Speaker 1>it since prey a feature that I think is reminiscent

0:52:48.440 --> 0:52:51.560
<v Speaker 1>of of you know, this idea that the sarlac might

0:52:51.600 --> 0:52:54.520
<v Speaker 1>have a root like systems of system of feelers, spines

0:52:54.560 --> 0:52:57.600
<v Speaker 1>and tentacles, which you see in some of these illustrations

0:52:57.600 --> 0:52:59.839
<v Speaker 1>that try to get to the heart of the star lac.

0:53:00.480 --> 0:53:04.040
<v Speaker 1>But the sand striker here, it strikes with incredible speed,

0:53:04.520 --> 0:53:08.839
<v Speaker 1>whipping out its mandible studded farynx to capture prey. Yeah,

0:53:09.360 --> 0:53:11.440
<v Speaker 1>I think let's dwell on this just a little bit

0:53:11.480 --> 0:53:13.960
<v Speaker 1>more because this might have gone past really fast. This

0:53:14.040 --> 0:53:17.080
<v Speaker 1>is a predatory worm buries in the sand, attacks and

0:53:17.120 --> 0:53:19.120
<v Speaker 1>it grows to like ten ft long. This is a

0:53:19.160 --> 0:53:22.719
<v Speaker 1>ten foot long or you know, three meter worm that

0:53:22.800 --> 0:53:25.440
<v Speaker 1>preys on fish and other animals in the sea. So

0:53:25.480 --> 0:53:28.000
<v Speaker 1>it'll just have its little head poking out. But if

0:53:28.000 --> 0:53:30.080
<v Speaker 1>you were to keep pulling this worm up out of

0:53:30.120 --> 0:53:32.160
<v Speaker 1>the ground, you could end up with like the magician's

0:53:32.200 --> 0:53:36.400
<v Speaker 1>scarf situation where it just keeps coming out as ten

0:53:36.440 --> 0:53:40.320
<v Speaker 1>ft long. I was reading that sometimes it's it's pincer

0:53:40.360 --> 0:53:46.279
<v Speaker 1>attack is so powerful that it chops prey fish in half. Uh.

0:53:46.320 --> 0:53:49.000
<v Speaker 1>And I was reading a Scientific American blog post from

0:53:49.120 --> 0:53:52.920
<v Speaker 1>from by writer named Becky Crew about these animals, and

0:53:53.200 --> 0:53:56.799
<v Speaker 1>she drew my attention to this one story about how

0:53:56.840 --> 0:54:00.239
<v Speaker 1>back in two thousand nine, at a marine aquarium in

0:54:00.239 --> 0:54:04.960
<v Speaker 1>a town called New Key In in England, aquarium keepers

0:54:05.040 --> 0:54:08.920
<v Speaker 1>noticed that in this one tank, the coral on display

0:54:09.040 --> 0:54:13.279
<v Speaker 1>and some of the fish and stuff kept accumulating weird damage.

0:54:13.640 --> 0:54:16.359
<v Speaker 1>It was as if something inside the tank was like

0:54:16.480 --> 0:54:20.360
<v Speaker 1>chopping parts of the coral formation off and killing the animals.

0:54:20.600 --> 0:54:23.239
<v Speaker 1>And there was no obvious culprit in the tank, so

0:54:23.280 --> 0:54:26.120
<v Speaker 1>they had to like remove rocks and coral and plants

0:54:26.160 --> 0:54:28.279
<v Speaker 1>from this tank. Wanted a time to find out what

0:54:28.360 --> 0:54:32.320
<v Speaker 1>was causing the attacks, and a curator named Matt Slater

0:54:32.520 --> 0:54:34.880
<v Speaker 1>was quoted in the Daily Mail at the time talking

0:54:34.880 --> 0:54:38.840
<v Speaker 1>about what happened. He said, quote, something was guzzling our reef,

0:54:38.920 --> 0:54:41.799
<v Speaker 1>but we had no idea what. We also found an

0:54:41.800 --> 0:54:45.200
<v Speaker 1>injured tank fish, so we laid traps, but they got

0:54:45.320 --> 0:54:48.720
<v Speaker 1>ripped apart in the night. That were must have obliterated

0:54:48.760 --> 0:54:51.320
<v Speaker 1>the traps. The bait was full of hooks which he

0:54:51.400 --> 0:54:55.920
<v Speaker 1>must have just digested. Uh So, I don't know if

0:54:55.960 --> 0:54:58.840
<v Speaker 1>that's sounds kind of hard to believe, but if that's true,

0:54:59.320 --> 0:55:02.319
<v Speaker 1>it would kind of or the sarlac digestion thing. But

0:55:02.440 --> 0:55:04.200
<v Speaker 1>in any case, like it does seem to be the

0:55:04.200 --> 0:55:07.719
<v Speaker 1>case that they had one of these worms. One of

0:55:07.760 --> 0:55:10.759
<v Speaker 1>these worms burrowed down in the bottom of the tank.

0:55:10.880 --> 0:55:14.680
<v Speaker 1>So the workers discovered that there was a stowaway sarlac

0:55:14.800 --> 0:55:17.719
<v Speaker 1>like this predatory burrowing sea worm was hiding down in

0:55:17.719 --> 0:55:20.880
<v Speaker 1>the sediment at the bottom, and it had probably snuck

0:55:20.880 --> 0:55:24.239
<v Speaker 1>in among the coral that were transplated into the transplanted

0:55:24.239 --> 0:55:27.479
<v Speaker 1>into the tank years before and had just grown there

0:55:27.480 --> 0:55:31.160
<v Speaker 1>and hiding ever since. But this also made me think,

0:55:31.200 --> 0:55:34.759
<v Speaker 1>so this worm is fast, powerful, venomous, mostly hidden down

0:55:34.760 --> 0:55:37.200
<v Speaker 1>in the ground or down in the sediment, how can

0:55:37.239 --> 0:55:40.880
<v Speaker 1>prey animals defend themselves? Well, actually, I found an interesting

0:55:40.960 --> 0:55:44.080
<v Speaker 1>article about this where there is one strategy that's been

0:55:44.160 --> 0:55:48.319
<v Speaker 1>uncovered and it was published in Scientific Reports in It

0:55:48.400 --> 0:55:52.960
<v Speaker 1>was by jose La Shot and Daniel hog Walker Nagle

0:55:53.440 --> 0:55:57.040
<v Speaker 1>called novel mobbing Strategies on a fish population against a

0:55:57.080 --> 0:56:01.200
<v Speaker 1>sessile analid predator. And basically the authors here described this

0:56:01.239 --> 0:56:05.440
<v Speaker 1>weird thing where these fish a type of bream called

0:56:05.760 --> 0:56:10.800
<v Speaker 1>Scalopsis afinus. They would where like one fish would find

0:56:10.880 --> 0:56:13.520
<v Speaker 1>one of these worms would be near it and discover

0:56:13.640 --> 0:56:17.160
<v Speaker 1>it was there and would start spitting jets of water

0:56:17.480 --> 0:56:21.080
<v Speaker 1>toward the worm, and then other fish would join in.

0:56:21.200 --> 0:56:23.960
<v Speaker 1>These prey fish would join in this mobbing behavior where

0:56:24.000 --> 0:56:27.680
<v Speaker 1>they would all gather around and start spitting these jets

0:56:27.680 --> 0:56:30.120
<v Speaker 1>of water towards the worm, which apparently caused the worm

0:56:30.200 --> 0:56:34.040
<v Speaker 1>to retract down into the sediment. I'm not sure exactly

0:56:34.040 --> 0:56:36.279
<v Speaker 1>what's going on there. I mean, so obviously this is

0:56:36.320 --> 0:56:39.239
<v Speaker 1>some kind of group defensive behavior against a predator when

0:56:39.239 --> 0:56:42.240
<v Speaker 1>the predator's location is discovered. But it makes me wonder

0:56:42.280 --> 0:56:44.520
<v Speaker 1>if anything similar could go on with the sarlac or

0:56:44.520 --> 0:56:46.520
<v Speaker 1>would it even need to Like would you need to

0:56:46.560 --> 0:56:49.600
<v Speaker 1>have bantas like spitting jets of air at a star

0:56:49.680 --> 0:56:52.480
<v Speaker 1>lac or something, or could they just stay away from it? Yeah?

0:56:52.600 --> 0:56:55.000
<v Speaker 1>I guess that's the thing about a land based scenario

0:56:55.200 --> 0:56:59.319
<v Speaker 1>versus the marine scenario is that on the land once,

0:56:59.440 --> 0:57:02.520
<v Speaker 1>unless you are a you know, in a flying creature,

0:57:02.920 --> 0:57:04.799
<v Speaker 1>by the time you got close enough to the star

0:57:04.880 --> 0:57:07.160
<v Speaker 1>lac to really be in danger to really need to

0:57:07.200 --> 0:57:10.120
<v Speaker 1>spit at it, it's probably too late. Yeah, I mean,

0:57:10.160 --> 0:57:12.520
<v Speaker 1>I mean, I think part of this this behavior though,

0:57:12.600 --> 0:57:16.800
<v Speaker 1>might just be not necessarily in like harming the worm

0:57:16.960 --> 0:57:20.000
<v Speaker 1>or something, but in alerting the other con specifics to

0:57:20.080 --> 0:57:22.840
<v Speaker 1>its location. So you can imagine something like that for

0:57:22.880 --> 0:57:25.240
<v Speaker 1>trap predators too. I mean I would. I don't know

0:57:25.320 --> 0:57:27.400
<v Speaker 1>of any evidence like this, but I wouldn't be surprised

0:57:27.440 --> 0:57:30.880
<v Speaker 1>if there are some types of ants or other prey

0:57:30.920 --> 0:57:33.400
<v Speaker 1>insects of the ant lion that have some kind of

0:57:33.520 --> 0:57:38.280
<v Speaker 1>group defense strategy where when one species identifies an ant

0:57:38.320 --> 0:57:40.840
<v Speaker 1>lion pit, it can kind of like you know, sound

0:57:40.880 --> 0:57:44.000
<v Speaker 1>the alarm and alert the others to to to what's

0:57:44.000 --> 0:57:45.760
<v Speaker 1>happening there. I don't know of any evidence of that,

0:57:45.840 --> 0:57:48.240
<v Speaker 1>but I would not be surprised to find out something

0:57:48.320 --> 0:57:50.600
<v Speaker 1>like that. Yeah, so I you know, I think maybe

0:57:50.640 --> 0:57:55.240
<v Speaker 1>the banthers might have some sort of um, some sort

0:57:55.280 --> 0:57:58.560
<v Speaker 1>of the strategy to deal with that. Now. Um, Ultimately,

0:57:58.600 --> 0:58:01.480
<v Speaker 1>the sea is home to other atom dwelling ambush predators

0:58:01.480 --> 0:58:04.960
<v Speaker 1>as well, more than we could conceivably list in the

0:58:05.080 --> 0:58:07.480
<v Speaker 1>episode here. But you have things like the devil scorpion

0:58:07.560 --> 0:58:10.120
<v Speaker 1>fish and the ward eye star gazer, and if you

0:58:10.160 --> 0:58:14.160
<v Speaker 1>watch enough, um, you know, underwater documentaries, you'll see some

0:58:14.200 --> 0:58:17.480
<v Speaker 1>of these bizarre and wondrous creatures. All right, we need

0:58:17.480 --> 0:58:19.440
<v Speaker 1>to take another break, but we'll be right back to

0:58:19.680 --> 0:58:26.880
<v Speaker 1>discuss digestion for a thousand years. Thank alright, we're back. Okay.

0:58:26.880 --> 0:58:28.640
<v Speaker 1>So I think we need to finish up today by

0:58:28.640 --> 0:58:32.080
<v Speaker 1>talking about the idea of the star lacks really slow digestion.

0:58:32.160 --> 0:58:35.120
<v Speaker 1>Remember Cee three Po says that when you fall into

0:58:35.160 --> 0:58:38.520
<v Speaker 1>the all powerful starlac again, I'm not maybe things this

0:58:38.600 --> 0:58:40.200
<v Speaker 1>can come up again. I'm not quite sure why the

0:58:40.200 --> 0:58:43.880
<v Speaker 1>star lack is all powerful. It seems relatively powerful within

0:58:43.960 --> 0:58:46.400
<v Speaker 1>its own mouth and the range right around there, but

0:58:46.480 --> 0:58:53.760
<v Speaker 1>beyond its powers rapidly diminish. Um Uh. But see three

0:58:53.760 --> 0:58:56.280
<v Speaker 1>Po says in there in the belly, you will find

0:58:56.280 --> 0:58:59.480
<v Speaker 1>a new definition of pain and suffering as you're slowly digested.

0:58:59.520 --> 0:59:03.840
<v Speaker 1>Over thousand years now, we've already discussed the slow metabolism

0:59:03.920 --> 0:59:06.920
<v Speaker 1>and of the eating machine the ant lion. But I

0:59:06.960 --> 0:59:10.040
<v Speaker 1>want to look at another emblem of slow digestion, this

0:59:10.120 --> 0:59:15.240
<v Speaker 1>time of mammal. I think we should look at the sloth.

0:59:15.600 --> 0:59:17.200
<v Speaker 1>And now there are a lot of ways actually that

0:59:17.320 --> 0:59:20.840
<v Speaker 1>sloths have been observed to be generally slow. Right, the

0:59:20.960 --> 0:59:24.440
<v Speaker 1>name their English name is not a coincidence. Uh. And

0:59:24.680 --> 0:59:28.560
<v Speaker 1>this this slowness does extend not just to their movements

0:59:28.560 --> 0:59:30.920
<v Speaker 1>through the trees. You know, if you watch them climb something,

0:59:30.920 --> 0:59:33.800
<v Speaker 1>they tend to be very slow moving creatures. But their

0:59:33.840 --> 0:59:38.480
<v Speaker 1>slowness extends down to the chemical, the biochemical level within

0:59:38.600 --> 0:59:41.960
<v Speaker 1>their bodies. I was looking at a study by Jonathan

0:59:42.000 --> 0:59:46.720
<v Speaker 1>and Pauli, M. Zachariah Pierri, Emily D. Fountain, and William H.

0:59:46.880 --> 0:59:51.720
<v Speaker 1>Kerosov called arboreal folio wars limit their energetic output all

0:59:51.760 --> 0:59:55.160
<v Speaker 1>the way to slothfulness in the American Naturalist in six

0:59:56.120 --> 0:59:59.760
<v Speaker 1>and the authors here are trying to explore possible reasons

0:59:59.760 --> 1:00:04.600
<v Speaker 1>that animals they call arboreal full levorees animals that eat

1:00:04.680 --> 1:00:07.800
<v Speaker 1>tree leaves, hang out in the trees, eat leaves from trees,

1:00:08.240 --> 1:00:11.320
<v Speaker 1>why they are relatively rare compared to some other types

1:00:11.360 --> 1:00:14.720
<v Speaker 1>of animals and do not display as much adaptive radiation

1:00:14.840 --> 1:00:18.320
<v Speaker 1>as some other animals. And adaptive radiation here means, uh,

1:00:18.360 --> 1:00:21.680
<v Speaker 1>you know, diversifying of the species into different ecological niches,

1:00:21.760 --> 1:00:25.640
<v Speaker 1>basically like evolving into many different types and variations to

1:00:25.800 --> 1:00:28.280
<v Speaker 1>fill ecological niches. You don't see a lot of this

1:00:28.360 --> 1:00:31.640
<v Speaker 1>with animals like sloths. And so they point out that,

1:00:31.680 --> 1:00:35.120
<v Speaker 1>you know, like mature tree leaves, that the dietary, the

1:00:35.200 --> 1:00:38.040
<v Speaker 1>main diet source of these animals like sloths, and there

1:00:38.040 --> 1:00:41.200
<v Speaker 1>are other animals like this tu pandas, koalas and so forth.

1:00:41.480 --> 1:00:44.720
<v Speaker 1>Mature tree leaves are not a very high quality food.

1:00:44.760 --> 1:00:47.240
<v Speaker 1>They tend to be tough and woody. Often they've got

1:00:47.320 --> 1:00:49.720
<v Speaker 1>some kind of poisons or tannins or some kind of

1:00:50.200 --> 1:00:54.680
<v Speaker 1>unpleasant chemical in them. It's generally really difficult to live

1:00:54.840 --> 1:00:59.480
<v Speaker 1>by eating, digesting, and extracting energy from mature tree leaves,

1:01:00.080 --> 1:01:04.080
<v Speaker 1>but sloths do it. So maybe the energy constraints on

1:01:04.120 --> 1:01:08.680
<v Speaker 1>these animals have somehow controlled their spread and evolution. So

1:01:08.760 --> 1:01:11.920
<v Speaker 1>the authors here wanted to measure the metabolic rates of

1:01:12.000 --> 1:01:16.440
<v Speaker 1>sloths in Costa Rica, and they write, quote, we quantified

1:01:16.520 --> 1:01:21.280
<v Speaker 1>the field metabolic rate or FMR movement and body temperature

1:01:21.360 --> 1:01:26.040
<v Speaker 1>for sin topic two and three toed sloths, extreme arboreal

1:01:26.120 --> 1:01:30.760
<v Speaker 1>fulivorees that differ in their degree of specialization. Both species

1:01:30.760 --> 1:01:35.280
<v Speaker 1>expended little energy, but three toed sloths possess the lowest

1:01:35.440 --> 1:01:39.360
<v Speaker 1>FMR recorded for any mammal. And so the three toed

1:01:39.400 --> 1:01:42.200
<v Speaker 1>sloth lives on a on a field metabolic rate of

1:01:42.200 --> 1:01:45.280
<v Speaker 1>a hundred and sixty two killer jewels per day per

1:01:45.400 --> 1:01:48.040
<v Speaker 1>kilogram of body weight. Now that number alone might not

1:01:48.120 --> 1:01:51.360
<v Speaker 1>mean much to you. But comparing it to other animals, uh,

1:01:51.400 --> 1:01:55.040
<v Speaker 1>it's way lower than say the howler monkey, who who

1:01:55.080 --> 1:01:57.960
<v Speaker 1>has a field metabolic rate of five hundred and eighty

1:01:58.040 --> 1:02:00.840
<v Speaker 1>three killer jewels per day per kilo am of body weight.

1:02:01.200 --> 1:02:04.680
<v Speaker 1>It's lower than koalas at four hundred and ten. Even

1:02:04.720 --> 1:02:08.480
<v Speaker 1>the giant panda is more at five. The three toads

1:02:08.560 --> 1:02:12.640
<v Speaker 1>lost is the lowest ever measured, uh at a hundred

1:02:12.640 --> 1:02:15.240
<v Speaker 1>and sixty two kill a jewels per day per kilogram.

1:02:15.320 --> 1:02:18.800
<v Speaker 1>And so in a way, it is a profound evolutionary

1:02:18.840 --> 1:02:23.480
<v Speaker 1>experiment in slowing everything down. And this is historically in

1:02:23.800 --> 1:02:26.800
<v Speaker 1>a kind of funny and interesting way lad some thinkers

1:02:27.400 --> 1:02:32.200
<v Speaker 1>to view sloths as as some kind of like like

1:02:32.240 --> 1:02:35.480
<v Speaker 1>that there's a problem with their existence, that there's something

1:02:35.560 --> 1:02:38.920
<v Speaker 1>wrong with them. Like the Count de Buffon, you know,

1:02:39.000 --> 1:02:41.800
<v Speaker 1>George Louis la Clerk, Count of Buffon, who we talked

1:02:41.840 --> 1:02:44.280
<v Speaker 1>about in our Age of the Earth episode, because he

1:02:44.320 --> 1:02:47.680
<v Speaker 1>did some experiments trying to, uh, trying to determine the

1:02:47.680 --> 1:02:49.960
<v Speaker 1>age of the Earth based on I believe his idea

1:02:50.000 --> 1:02:51.600
<v Speaker 1>had to do with like how long it would take

1:02:51.600 --> 1:02:54.440
<v Speaker 1>the Earth to cool to its current temperature. But he

1:02:54.480 --> 1:02:58.840
<v Speaker 1>wrote this huge multi volume natural history work during his

1:02:58.920 --> 1:03:02.120
<v Speaker 1>life where he tried to become you know, the eighteenth

1:03:02.160 --> 1:03:05.400
<v Speaker 1>century uh plenty of the elder, you know, to catalog

1:03:05.520 --> 1:03:07.960
<v Speaker 1>all of the stuff in the world and tell you

1:03:08.040 --> 1:03:12.160
<v Speaker 1>all about it. And his section on sloths is kind

1:03:12.160 --> 1:03:15.520
<v Speaker 1>of hilarious. Are you ready for this, Robert, Yeah, let's

1:03:15.520 --> 1:03:19.160
<v Speaker 1>bring it on, Okay, So he says. These animals have

1:03:19.280 --> 1:03:23.280
<v Speaker 1>neither incisive nor canine teeth. Their eyes are dull and

1:03:23.320 --> 1:03:26.720
<v Speaker 1>almost concealed with hair. Their mouths are wide, and their

1:03:26.720 --> 1:03:29.959
<v Speaker 1>lips thick and heavy. Their fur is course and looks

1:03:30.000 --> 1:03:34.480
<v Speaker 1>like dried grass. Their thighs seem almost disjointed from the haunches,

1:03:34.800 --> 1:03:38.000
<v Speaker 1>their legs very short and badly shaped. They have no

1:03:38.160 --> 1:03:41.600
<v Speaker 1>soles to their feet, nor toe is separately movable, but

1:03:41.720 --> 1:03:45.600
<v Speaker 1>only two or three claws, excessively long and crooked downwards,

1:03:45.760 --> 1:03:48.600
<v Speaker 1>which move together and are only useful to the animal

1:03:48.680 --> 1:03:54.080
<v Speaker 1>in climbing. Slowness, stupidity, and even habitual pain result from

1:03:54.080 --> 1:03:58.240
<v Speaker 1>its uncouth conformation. They have no arms, either to attack

1:03:58.400 --> 1:04:01.400
<v Speaker 1>or defend themselves. No or are they furnished with any

1:04:01.400 --> 1:04:04.520
<v Speaker 1>means of security, as they can neither scratch up the

1:04:04.560 --> 1:04:07.880
<v Speaker 1>earth nor seek for safety by flight. But confined to

1:04:07.920 --> 1:04:10.720
<v Speaker 1>a small spot of ground, or to the tree under

1:04:10.760 --> 1:04:13.840
<v Speaker 1>which they are brought forth. They remain prisoners in the

1:04:13.880 --> 1:04:17.440
<v Speaker 1>midst of an extended space, unable to move more than

1:04:17.520 --> 1:04:20.920
<v Speaker 1>three feet in an hour. They climb with difficulty and pain,

1:04:21.360 --> 1:04:24.600
<v Speaker 1>and their plaintive and interrupted cry they dare only utter

1:04:24.720 --> 1:04:28.480
<v Speaker 1>by night. After some more moralizing about how awful they are,

1:04:28.800 --> 1:04:31.960
<v Speaker 1>he says, Uh, we have already observed that it seems

1:04:32.360 --> 1:04:35.480
<v Speaker 1>as if all that could be does exist, and of

1:04:35.640 --> 1:04:38.840
<v Speaker 1>this the sloths appear to be a striking proof. They

1:04:38.880 --> 1:04:42.800
<v Speaker 1>constitute the last term of existence in the order of animals,

1:04:42.880 --> 1:04:46.280
<v Speaker 1>endowed with flesh and blood. One more defect and they

1:04:46.320 --> 1:04:50.040
<v Speaker 1>could not have existed. Oh my goodness, Now, I think

1:04:50.080 --> 1:04:53.520
<v Speaker 1>this is funny because like in some ways, uh, you know,

1:04:54.160 --> 1:04:57.680
<v Speaker 1>Buffon was considered a very you know, learned man of

1:04:57.760 --> 1:05:00.880
<v Speaker 1>his day. But like just the amazing ignorance of this

1:05:01.800 --> 1:05:04.720
<v Speaker 1>is just like, given what we know about animals now,

1:05:04.720 --> 1:05:07.200
<v Speaker 1>and the Clark had all kinds of terrible ideas, you know.

1:05:07.240 --> 1:05:11.200
<v Speaker 1>He he endorsed scientific racism. He believed that like the

1:05:11.280 --> 1:05:15.240
<v Speaker 1>animals of the New World were somehow inferior to the

1:05:15.280 --> 1:05:18.680
<v Speaker 1>animals of the Old world. Uh, there's all this weird,

1:05:18.760 --> 1:05:22.000
<v Speaker 1>genuine disgust in his writing when he talks about animals

1:05:22.000 --> 1:05:24.800
<v Speaker 1>found in North and South America. So he had all

1:05:24.840 --> 1:05:28.760
<v Speaker 1>these extremely misguided theories. Because all this stuff that he

1:05:28.840 --> 1:05:32.680
<v Speaker 1>characterizes as defects with this species, I think we would

1:05:32.680 --> 1:05:34.720
<v Speaker 1>probably look at and say, I don't know, given our

1:05:34.720 --> 1:05:39.880
<v Speaker 1>modern evolutionary understanding, you are probably not understanding these correctly.

1:05:39.920 --> 1:05:44.920
<v Speaker 1>These are probably not actually defects, these are adaptations. His

1:05:44.920 --> 1:05:48.360
<v Speaker 1>His thinking falls prey to the naive version of survival

1:05:48.440 --> 1:05:50.680
<v Speaker 1>of the fittest, as you know, the fittest, not as

1:05:50.720 --> 1:05:54.080
<v Speaker 1>in best adapted to its environment, but as like the toughest,

1:05:54.160 --> 1:05:58.160
<v Speaker 1>the buffest, the biggest, sharpest teeth and so forth. Yeah. Absolutely,

1:05:58.200 --> 1:06:02.400
<v Speaker 1>I mean it's um in his his description of the sloth,

1:06:02.480 --> 1:06:05.080
<v Speaker 1>really it comes off like a like a dis track,

1:06:05.480 --> 1:06:08.720
<v Speaker 1>you know, against against the sloth. It also reminds me

1:06:08.720 --> 1:06:11.440
<v Speaker 1>a little bit of of Darwin's descriptions of the with

1:06:11.560 --> 1:06:14.560
<v Speaker 1>the marine iguanas, the iguanas of the club. I mean,

1:06:14.640 --> 1:06:17.280
<v Speaker 1>Darwin didn't normally fall into this way of thinking, but

1:06:17.360 --> 1:06:22.120
<v Speaker 1>occasionally there was some animal he didn't like. Yeah, but

1:06:22.160 --> 1:06:26.600
<v Speaker 1>the sloth, like the main like counter arguments. In addition,

1:06:26.640 --> 1:06:29.080
<v Speaker 1>to to what we said here about the true nature

1:06:29.120 --> 1:06:32.480
<v Speaker 1>of adaptation. I would also, you know, put forth at

1:06:32.520 --> 1:06:35.720
<v Speaker 1>first of all, sloths tend to be cute. That tends

1:06:35.760 --> 1:06:38.760
<v Speaker 1>to be our interpretation of them, especially babies sloths or

1:06:38.800 --> 1:06:42.160
<v Speaker 1>slothes if you're using the British pronunciation, but but also

1:06:42.200 --> 1:06:45.920
<v Speaker 1>the adults. There's a certain adorableness to them. And I

1:06:46.000 --> 1:06:49.840
<v Speaker 1>have to say when when I was in Costa Rica

1:06:49.920 --> 1:06:52.320
<v Speaker 1>with my family and we went on a hike, uh

1:06:52.360 --> 1:06:55.360
<v Speaker 1>through the forest there and we got to see got

1:06:55.400 --> 1:06:58.440
<v Speaker 1>the glimpse a wild sloth like where we you know,

1:06:58.440 --> 1:07:01.080
<v Speaker 1>had to stand there for several min it's and watch

1:07:01.160 --> 1:07:04.400
<v Speaker 1>what would presume to be a sloth finally move and

1:07:04.560 --> 1:07:08.720
<v Speaker 1>slowly confirm it's it's sloth hood Like that was a

1:07:08.760 --> 1:07:11.520
<v Speaker 1>genuinely magical moment. Like that has to be one of

1:07:11.880 --> 1:07:15.520
<v Speaker 1>one of my top interactions with wildlife ever. Like it

1:07:15.640 --> 1:07:20.640
<v Speaker 1>just it truly felt like magic and time was standing still. Um. So,

1:07:20.800 --> 1:07:23.040
<v Speaker 1>I you know, it's it's very difficult for me to

1:07:23.200 --> 1:07:26.440
<v Speaker 1>put my put myself in the mindset of of sloth

1:07:26.600 --> 1:07:31.600
<v Speaker 1>hating um worldview. I think Bufon would think you're a sucker,

1:07:31.640 --> 1:07:35.000
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, I think he was quite clearly wrong. Like

1:07:35.080 --> 1:07:38.720
<v Speaker 1>the sloths, including the extremely slow, yes, very slow, three

1:07:38.760 --> 1:07:41.680
<v Speaker 1>toed sloths, are incredibly well adapted to their environments in

1:07:41.800 --> 1:07:45.280
<v Speaker 1>very interesting ways. I was reading an article about this

1:07:45.360 --> 1:07:49.320
<v Speaker 1>on The Conversation from sixteen by a British zoologist named

1:07:49.360 --> 1:07:52.760
<v Speaker 1>Becky Cliff, who I believe she either currently works or

1:07:52.800 --> 1:07:56.320
<v Speaker 1>has worked in a sloth sanctuary in Costa Rica, so

1:07:56.400 --> 1:07:57.880
<v Speaker 1>you know, doing a lot of hands on work with

1:07:57.920 --> 1:08:02.520
<v Speaker 1>sloths um and so she's writing about these adaptations. She says,

1:08:02.560 --> 1:08:05.000
<v Speaker 1>of course, it's true that sloths are slow in pretty

1:08:05.080 --> 1:08:08.520
<v Speaker 1>much every way. At the sloth sanctuary she works out

1:08:08.520 --> 1:08:12.520
<v Speaker 1>in Costa Rica, they use these sloth backpacks two track

1:08:12.640 --> 1:08:15.440
<v Speaker 1>sloth movement in the wild. And yes, it's true they

1:08:15.520 --> 1:08:18.479
<v Speaker 1>move very slowly and they move very little. But there's

1:08:18.479 --> 1:08:22.120
<v Speaker 1>a reason for this. It's not weakness. It is strategic

1:08:22.200 --> 1:08:26.439
<v Speaker 1>in an evolutionary sense. Slow movement uses a lot less

1:08:26.640 --> 1:08:30.559
<v Speaker 1>energy than fast movement. Remember that metabolic discovery we were

1:08:30.560 --> 1:08:34.000
<v Speaker 1>talking about earlier. Three toad sloths have the slowest metabolism

1:08:34.000 --> 1:08:37.160
<v Speaker 1>of any known mammal. In a weird way, they're almost

1:08:37.160 --> 1:08:39.120
<v Speaker 1>like you can imagine them kind of like going through

1:08:39.120 --> 1:08:42.280
<v Speaker 1>a convergent evolution thing. But across kingdoms of life. They're

1:08:42.280 --> 1:08:46.439
<v Speaker 1>trying to slowly over the eons converge with plants. Uh,

1:08:46.640 --> 1:08:49.760
<v Speaker 1>you know, like so too. And to make this possible,

1:08:50.320 --> 1:08:52.880
<v Speaker 1>you know this this low metabolic rate. Of course, they

1:08:52.880 --> 1:08:56.360
<v Speaker 1>move very slowly, but they also regulate their body temperature

1:08:56.400 --> 1:09:00.280
<v Speaker 1>differently than most mammals, do you know. Mammals have their

1:09:00.320 --> 1:09:02.800
<v Speaker 1>warm blooded they have thermoregulation, they've got to keep their

1:09:02.800 --> 1:09:07.080
<v Speaker 1>body temperature up through internal chemical means. But sloths manage

1:09:07.120 --> 1:09:09.920
<v Speaker 1>a much lower body temperature than your average mammal. They

1:09:09.960 --> 1:09:12.120
<v Speaker 1>they tend to go it around thirty two point seven

1:09:12.160 --> 1:09:15.800
<v Speaker 1>degrees celsius or ninety one degrees fahrenheit. That's a full like, uh,

1:09:15.840 --> 1:09:18.559
<v Speaker 1>you know, seven or eight degrees lower than our average

1:09:18.600 --> 1:09:22.679
<v Speaker 1>body temperature. And uh. Cliff mentions that their metabolic rate

1:09:22.800 --> 1:09:27.240
<v Speaker 1>is somewhere between forty to seventy of what you would

1:09:27.240 --> 1:09:30.080
<v Speaker 1>expect for an animal of its body mass. So they're

1:09:30.160 --> 1:09:34.760
<v Speaker 1>they're they're going way underweight on energy needs. And so

1:09:34.800 --> 1:09:37.120
<v Speaker 1>the question might be, well, why live like this, why

1:09:37.160 --> 1:09:39.719
<v Speaker 1>would you be so slow have such a relatively cool

1:09:39.800 --> 1:09:43.200
<v Speaker 1>body and all that. Again, it's cheap, it's mega cheap.

1:09:43.720 --> 1:09:47.400
<v Speaker 1>Sloths require much less food, energy, than other mammals of

1:09:47.439 --> 1:09:50.439
<v Speaker 1>similar size. They can eat this, you know, this kind

1:09:50.439 --> 1:09:52.639
<v Speaker 1>of bad food. I mean, it wouldn't be bad from

1:09:52.640 --> 1:09:55.479
<v Speaker 1>their point of view, but it's low caloric density. This

1:09:55.600 --> 1:09:59.080
<v Speaker 1>food like tough, fibrous tree leaves, and they don't even

1:09:59.120 --> 1:10:01.040
<v Speaker 1>need to eat all the that much of it. Usually,

1:10:01.080 --> 1:10:03.800
<v Speaker 1>if you're an animal that's subsisting on tough plant matter,

1:10:04.120 --> 1:10:06.560
<v Speaker 1>you have to eat a ton of it to survive.

1:10:07.000 --> 1:10:09.640
<v Speaker 1>Cliff points out that howler monkeys, who also live in

1:10:09.680 --> 1:10:12.040
<v Speaker 1>the trees and eat tough leaves, they have to eat

1:10:12.200 --> 1:10:15.680
<v Speaker 1>three times as much food per kilogram of body mass

1:10:15.720 --> 1:10:19.280
<v Speaker 1>as the sloth does, and so requiring three times less

1:10:19.320 --> 1:10:22.240
<v Speaker 1>food than something else in your niche opens up all

1:10:22.360 --> 1:10:26.360
<v Speaker 1>kinds of possibilities for survival. So the sloth might not

1:10:26.479 --> 1:10:29.320
<v Speaker 1>be lean and fast moving in a physical movement sense,

1:10:29.360 --> 1:10:31.720
<v Speaker 1>but in a chemical sense, it is lean. It is

1:10:31.800 --> 1:10:34.120
<v Speaker 1>like it has a lot to work with. It's got

1:10:34.200 --> 1:10:36.800
<v Speaker 1>this wiggle room. But here's another thing we get to

1:10:36.920 --> 1:10:40.679
<v Speaker 1>with sloth. Sloth metabolism in a in a way that's

1:10:40.720 --> 1:10:44.679
<v Speaker 1>related to their very slow metabolism. They also digest food

1:10:44.800 --> 1:10:47.960
<v Speaker 1>really slow, and this brings us back to the sarlac.

1:10:48.760 --> 1:10:51.240
<v Speaker 1>Cliff points out research, saying, well, so we we don't

1:10:51.280 --> 1:10:54.719
<v Speaker 1>know the exact rate, uh, you know, the exact bounded

1:10:54.840 --> 1:10:57.559
<v Speaker 1>rates of sloth digestion, but there are estimates that it

1:10:57.600 --> 1:11:02.120
<v Speaker 1>takes food between like a hundred fifty seven hours or

1:11:02.360 --> 1:11:05.960
<v Speaker 1>up to twelve hundred hours to pass through the slots

1:11:06.080 --> 1:11:09.320
<v Speaker 1>digestive system. So the upper end of this estimate would

1:11:09.360 --> 1:11:12.720
<v Speaker 1>be like fifty days. Um, you can imagine, you know,

1:11:12.840 --> 1:11:17.439
<v Speaker 1>having having your food waste in your body for that long. Robert,

1:11:17.520 --> 1:11:20.080
<v Speaker 1>you said before we came on to record today that

1:11:20.120 --> 1:11:23.800
<v Speaker 1>you have actually watched video of a sloth pooping. You

1:11:23.880 --> 1:11:26.200
<v Speaker 1>people at home, if you have not seen this, you

1:11:26.200 --> 1:11:29.320
<v Speaker 1>should look it up. It's fair warning. It looks kind

1:11:29.320 --> 1:11:32.840
<v Speaker 1>of traumatic, like there's a lot coming out. Yeah, and

1:11:32.840 --> 1:11:35.320
<v Speaker 1>I mean, the other interesting thing about slots pooping is that,

1:11:35.360 --> 1:11:38.600
<v Speaker 1>of course they have to climb down to do it. Uh.

1:11:38.720 --> 1:11:41.400
<v Speaker 1>They don't just poop out of the branches. They return

1:11:41.479 --> 1:11:44.280
<v Speaker 1>to the earth to carry this out. Yeah. Uh and

1:11:44.360 --> 1:11:48.360
<v Speaker 1>so Cliff Rights quote. Unsurprisingly, the slots four chambered stomach

1:11:48.479 --> 1:11:51.800
<v Speaker 1>is constantly full, and so more leaves can only be

1:11:51.960 --> 1:11:56.080
<v Speaker 1>ingested when digesta leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

1:11:56.520 --> 1:12:00.679
<v Speaker 1>Food intake and critically, energy expenditure are likely limited by

1:12:00.840 --> 1:12:04.960
<v Speaker 1>digestion rate and room in the stomach. Indeed, the abdominal

1:12:05.000 --> 1:12:07.360
<v Speaker 1>contents of a sloth can account for up to thirty

1:12:07.400 --> 1:12:11.439
<v Speaker 1>seven percent of their body mass. So it's digesting for

1:12:11.640 --> 1:12:13.559
<v Speaker 1>days at a time, maybe you know, a month or

1:12:13.560 --> 1:12:16.960
<v Speaker 1>more at a time digesting food. It's maybe a third

1:12:17.000 --> 1:12:19.680
<v Speaker 1>of its body weight or more. Is the poop that

1:12:19.760 --> 1:12:22.360
<v Speaker 1>it's got inside it right now, and it you know,

1:12:22.439 --> 1:12:25.439
<v Speaker 1>hasn't purged yet. You can also imagine though that like

1:12:25.479 --> 1:12:27.880
<v Speaker 1>why would it hang on this long? I can also

1:12:27.920 --> 1:12:29.840
<v Speaker 1>imagine this having to do with what you're talking about,

1:12:29.840 --> 1:12:31.840
<v Speaker 1>that it has to come down to the forest floor

1:12:32.280 --> 1:12:35.880
<v Speaker 1>to do it, which is inherently a vulnerable activity. So

1:12:36.200 --> 1:12:38.679
<v Speaker 1>and because it's slow moving, you might want to limit

1:12:38.760 --> 1:12:42.960
<v Speaker 1>those trips down to the vulnerable position as much as possible. Yeah,

1:12:43.000 --> 1:12:45.120
<v Speaker 1>it's like if you live in a you know, a

1:12:45.160 --> 1:12:48.240
<v Speaker 1>walk up apartment in New York and you prefer to

1:12:49.040 --> 1:12:53.080
<v Speaker 1>to poop in the say the john, but choice down

1:12:53.080 --> 1:12:55.880
<v Speaker 1>on the street. I think that was the joke from

1:12:55.880 --> 1:13:00.160
<v Speaker 1>Dirty Rock. Toilet might limit how many times you go

1:13:00.240 --> 1:13:04.080
<v Speaker 1>to the jamba juice too exactly? Yes, yeah, you might

1:13:04.160 --> 1:13:07.599
<v Speaker 1>you might wait, Awhile, there was another interesting fact that

1:13:07.640 --> 1:13:09.240
<v Speaker 1>came up in this article, by the way, that the

1:13:09.320 --> 1:13:12.439
<v Speaker 1>Cliff mentioned that I had never heard about before. Um So,

1:13:12.800 --> 1:13:14.840
<v Speaker 1>you know, the obvious question might be, how does a

1:13:14.880 --> 1:13:17.200
<v Speaker 1>sloth of aid predators If it's so slow, it's not

1:13:17.280 --> 1:13:21.120
<v Speaker 1>a fighter, it doesn't run, it's a hyder. Uh. So

1:13:21.200 --> 1:13:24.799
<v Speaker 1>the sloths have to protect themselves via camouflage, and Cliff

1:13:24.840 --> 1:13:27.760
<v Speaker 1>mentions in an article that uh that all of the

1:13:27.760 --> 1:13:31.880
<v Speaker 1>sloth's major predators like jaguars, awesl lots, harpy eagles are

1:13:31.920 --> 1:13:35.679
<v Speaker 1>primarily visual hunters, so camouflage can actually go a long

1:13:35.720 --> 1:13:39.320
<v Speaker 1>way to protect you. And she points to an interesting

1:13:39.720 --> 1:13:45.280
<v Speaker 1>suggested symbiotic relationship with algae with between sloths and algae

1:13:45.320 --> 1:13:48.920
<v Speaker 1>that grow in the sloths fur, and this algae is

1:13:48.920 --> 1:13:52.200
<v Speaker 1>apparently passed on from mother to offspring. So it is

1:13:52.680 --> 1:13:58.519
<v Speaker 1>visual camouflage through inherited microbiota, which is pretty interesting. Yeah.

1:13:58.520 --> 1:14:00.519
<v Speaker 1>I do have to say that time that I got

1:14:00.520 --> 1:14:04.439
<v Speaker 1>to to see, not only see, but to find, uh

1:14:04.520 --> 1:14:06.479
<v Speaker 1>the sloth in the wild, like it wasn't pointed out

1:14:06.520 --> 1:14:08.320
<v Speaker 1>by a guide, Well, it was just the whole time

1:14:08.680 --> 1:14:10.960
<v Speaker 1>I knew based on what the guys that told us

1:14:11.000 --> 1:14:13.920
<v Speaker 1>that there might be sloths in the trees, we just

1:14:13.960 --> 1:14:16.240
<v Speaker 1>have to look really hard for them, and it did.

1:14:16.280 --> 1:14:19.360
<v Speaker 1>It took forever to see this, this creature, because you're

1:14:19.400 --> 1:14:22.799
<v Speaker 1>just kind of constantly on the lookout for possible movement,

1:14:22.920 --> 1:14:26.559
<v Speaker 1>possible lumps, uh you know, in the in these you know,

1:14:26.680 --> 1:14:29.640
<v Speaker 1>rich canopy of trees that might be a slot. And

1:14:29.720 --> 1:14:31.760
<v Speaker 1>most of the time I was wrong, or at least

1:14:31.760 --> 1:14:34.200
<v Speaker 1>I was unable to confirm that what I was looking

1:14:34.240 --> 1:14:36.800
<v Speaker 1>at at a distance was a living creature at all.

1:14:37.600 --> 1:14:40.799
<v Speaker 1>So so when really I was more lucky than anything.

1:14:40.840 --> 1:14:43.280
<v Speaker 1>I think that I was able to to zero in

1:14:43.520 --> 1:14:46.280
<v Speaker 1>on this this lump in the trees and then finally

1:14:46.320 --> 1:14:49.400
<v Speaker 1>see it move and finally make out the movements of

1:14:49.400 --> 1:14:51.800
<v Speaker 1>of an actual sloth. So yeah, I imagine they have

1:14:51.840 --> 1:14:55.439
<v Speaker 1>a you know, tremendous advantage versus predators that are doing

1:14:55.439 --> 1:14:58.880
<v Speaker 1>the same thing, you know, on constant lookout for, uh

1:14:58.960 --> 1:15:02.120
<v Speaker 1>for prey amid the tree limbs. I don't know this,

1:15:02.160 --> 1:15:05.639
<v Speaker 1>but i'd also guess that slower metabolism, slower movement would

1:15:05.640 --> 1:15:10.000
<v Speaker 1>make you less fidgety. Yeah, yeah, they're not fidgety, like

1:15:10.040 --> 1:15:12.240
<v Speaker 1>I remember. That was another thing. It's like the movements

1:15:12.280 --> 1:15:17.240
<v Speaker 1>where we're very slow and fluid and kind of you know,

1:15:17.439 --> 1:15:20.679
<v Speaker 1>far between, Like it wasn't it was wasn't like looking

1:15:20.800 --> 1:15:23.960
<v Speaker 1>for the movement of a traditional creature, you know, or

1:15:24.000 --> 1:15:25.600
<v Speaker 1>at least the kind of creatures that I tend to

1:15:25.600 --> 1:15:27.600
<v Speaker 1>find myself looking for, you know, like the movements of

1:15:27.680 --> 1:15:30.200
<v Speaker 1>say a squirrel or a or a chipmunk or a

1:15:30.200 --> 1:15:32.840
<v Speaker 1>bird of some sort. You know, it's a it's it's

1:15:32.880 --> 1:15:37.880
<v Speaker 1>a totally different animal. Can we imagine a sarlac evolving

1:15:38.479 --> 1:15:41.240
<v Speaker 1>over over a very long period, over millions of years,

1:15:41.360 --> 1:15:45.000
<v Speaker 1>from some type of sloth like creature, like a formerly

1:15:45.200 --> 1:15:51.720
<v Speaker 1>totally mobile creature that over time evolves too slow, its

1:15:51.760 --> 1:15:56.559
<v Speaker 1>metabolism and digestion down further and further and further in

1:15:56.680 --> 1:16:00.400
<v Speaker 1>order to you know, survive on maybe tough dietary material

1:16:00.560 --> 1:16:03.920
<v Speaker 1>like like plant leaves or something, uh, to support this

1:16:04.000 --> 1:16:08.720
<v Speaker 1>high efficiency of you know, a slow metabolism, highly efficient digestion.

1:16:10.120 --> 1:16:11.800
<v Speaker 1>I wonder if there are routes like that. I mean,

1:16:11.840 --> 1:16:14.519
<v Speaker 1>I have wondered before. Like one of the main things

1:16:14.600 --> 1:16:19.160
<v Speaker 1>we think of is characterizing intelligent animal life is fast movement.

1:16:19.840 --> 1:16:24.840
<v Speaker 1>But that doesn't you can understand why intelligence evolves from

1:16:25.040 --> 1:16:28.320
<v Speaker 1>fast movement in the history of animal life. But it

1:16:28.360 --> 1:16:31.240
<v Speaker 1>doesn't have to stay that way in terms of that association, right,

1:16:31.280 --> 1:16:33.240
<v Speaker 1>Like you could imagine that there could be an animal

1:16:33.360 --> 1:16:37.200
<v Speaker 1>with intelligence that just keeps evolving back down to have

1:16:37.560 --> 1:16:40.840
<v Speaker 1>less and less need to move its body around and

1:16:40.920 --> 1:16:45.360
<v Speaker 1>kind of becomes sessile, becomes plant. Like I don't know,

1:16:45.439 --> 1:16:47.799
<v Speaker 1>I mean maybe maybe millions of years in the future.

1:16:48.080 --> 1:16:50.800
<v Speaker 1>I'm just saying there there will be ant lions that

1:16:50.880 --> 1:16:54.040
<v Speaker 1>evolved from sloths and you know, fall into the pit

1:16:54.120 --> 1:16:55.920
<v Speaker 1>and you'll one day get to be a part of

1:16:55.960 --> 1:17:01.040
<v Speaker 1>their dramatic traumatic pooping. I like that. Yeah, the idea

1:17:01.080 --> 1:17:04.559
<v Speaker 1>of a far future sessile sloth. All right, So there

1:17:04.560 --> 1:17:07.240
<v Speaker 1>you have it. Did we expose all of the secrets

1:17:07.240 --> 1:17:09.879
<v Speaker 1>of the sarlac? Uh? No, we did not. The sarlak

1:17:10.439 --> 1:17:14.120
<v Speaker 1>retains its mysteries, which I think is is you know,

1:17:14.160 --> 1:17:18.599
<v Speaker 1>one of the key attractions to the creature to begin with. Yeah, totally. Yeah.

1:17:18.640 --> 1:17:20.600
<v Speaker 1>I mean you can't fully lift up the sarlac and

1:17:20.640 --> 1:17:23.160
<v Speaker 1>peek at what's under it, but we'll have to imagine

1:17:23.160 --> 1:17:25.479
<v Speaker 1>that there is a poop cave, yeah, or what if

1:17:25.479 --> 1:17:27.880
<v Speaker 1>there's just a NonStop party in there, you know, like

1:17:27.880 --> 1:17:30.000
<v Speaker 1>what if you had an alternate cut where Boba fett

1:17:30.120 --> 1:17:32.200
<v Speaker 1>Is is swallowed whole by the star Lac and then

1:17:32.200 --> 1:17:35.400
<v Speaker 1>he's just dropped into this stomach cavity that's actually just

1:17:35.400 --> 1:17:38.639
<v Speaker 1>to really happening hang out. You know that everybody that's

1:17:38.640 --> 1:17:40.400
<v Speaker 1>ever been eaten by it is just in there kind

1:17:40.400 --> 1:17:42.840
<v Speaker 1>of chilling, you know. And it turns out the Starla

1:17:43.000 --> 1:17:46.360
<v Speaker 1>doesn't digest people. Instead, it has like a symbiotic relationship

1:17:46.439 --> 1:17:49.719
<v Speaker 1>with you know, other organisms, you know, beneath the surface

1:17:49.720 --> 1:17:54.160
<v Speaker 1>of tattooin and everything like friends. Yeah, yeah, it gets lonely.

1:17:54.160 --> 1:17:56.519
<v Speaker 1>It's an intelligent creature. It gets lonely. It needs friends,

1:17:56.840 --> 1:17:59.760
<v Speaker 1>right well, Robert, this has been a lot of fun. Yeah,

1:17:59.840 --> 1:18:02.720
<v Speaker 1>this has been fun. Um. It is kind of hard

1:18:02.760 --> 1:18:04.800
<v Speaker 1>to believe this is the This is I think the

1:18:04.840 --> 1:18:07.800
<v Speaker 1>first Star Wars episode of stuff to blow your mind.

1:18:07.880 --> 1:18:10.639
<v Speaker 1>But hey, who knows. There's a lot of a lot

1:18:10.680 --> 1:18:13.120
<v Speaker 1>of stuff in the Star Wars universe. Maybe we'll maybe

1:18:13.120 --> 1:18:14.720
<v Speaker 1>we'll get up the energy to do another one of

1:18:14.760 --> 1:18:19.839
<v Speaker 1>the one of these one day. I'm game. In the meantime, obviously,

1:18:19.960 --> 1:18:21.960
<v Speaker 1>we'd love to hear from everyone out there. We know

1:18:22.040 --> 1:18:24.719
<v Speaker 1>we have a lot of Star Wars fans, general science

1:18:24.760 --> 1:18:29.639
<v Speaker 1>fiction fans, monster fans. Uh out there amid our listeners,

1:18:29.680 --> 1:18:32.080
<v Speaker 1>and yeah, we would love to hear your feedback on

1:18:32.160 --> 1:18:35.320
<v Speaker 1>this episode, on the Star Lac itself, your memories and

1:18:35.360 --> 1:18:38.120
<v Speaker 1>interpretations of the Star Lack. And indeed, if you think

1:18:38.160 --> 1:18:41.240
<v Speaker 1>there's a strong candidate for a future episode of Stuff

1:18:41.240 --> 1:18:43.760
<v Speaker 1>to Blow Your Mind related to Star Wars or any

1:18:43.760 --> 1:18:48.880
<v Speaker 1>other work of fiction, science fiction, et cetera, let us know. Um,

1:18:49.240 --> 1:18:50.720
<v Speaker 1>we'll tell you how to get in touch with us

1:18:50.720 --> 1:18:52.640
<v Speaker 1>here in a second, But if you just want to

1:18:52.680 --> 1:18:56.120
<v Speaker 1>support the show, best thing you can do is rate, review,

1:18:56.120 --> 1:19:00.679
<v Speaker 1>and subscribe wherever you get this podcast us banks as always,

1:19:00.680 --> 1:19:03.600
<v Speaker 1>who are excellent audio producer Seth Nicholas Johnson. If you

1:19:03.600 --> 1:19:05.439
<v Speaker 1>would like to get in touch with us with feedback

1:19:05.479 --> 1:19:07.679
<v Speaker 1>on this episode or any other, to suggest a topic

1:19:07.720 --> 1:19:09.400
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1:19:09.479 --> 1:19:12.360
<v Speaker 1>email us at contact at Stuff to Blow your Mind

1:19:12.439 --> 1:19:22.200
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1:19:22.200 --> 1:19:24.840
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1:19:25.040 --> 1:19:27.880
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