1 00:00:03,920 --> 00:00:07,400 Speaker 1: You're listening to Facing Evil, a production of iHeartRadio and 2 00:00:07,480 --> 00:00:11,160 Speaker 1: Tenderfoot TV. The views and opinions expressed in this podcast 3 00:00:11,320 --> 00:00:14,120 Speaker 1: are solely those of the individuals participating in the show 4 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:17,560 Speaker 1: and do not represent those of iHeartRadio or Tenderfoot TV. 5 00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:21,280 Speaker 1: This podcast contains subject matter which may not be suitable 6 00:00:21,320 --> 00:00:24,160 Speaker 1: for everyone. Listener discretion is advised. 7 00:00:26,920 --> 00:00:31,560 Speaker 2: Hi, everyone, welcome back to Facing Evil. I'm Roscha Pacerrero. 8 00:00:31,400 --> 00:00:34,519 Speaker 3: And I'm Yvette Genteeley, and today we're talking about the 9 00:00:34,560 --> 00:00:37,840 Speaker 3: case of Dorothy Stratton. Y'all might know about this one 10 00:00:37,880 --> 00:00:40,200 Speaker 3: because it was a big story when it happened back 11 00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:41,040 Speaker 3: in the eighties. 12 00:00:41,640 --> 00:00:47,199 Speaker 2: Yes, I remember this case. Dorothy's case even inspired multiple movies, 13 00:00:47,280 --> 00:00:50,160 Speaker 2: including the nineteen eighty one movie Death of a Centerfold 14 00:00:50,280 --> 00:00:54,440 Speaker 2: The Dorothy Stratton Story, starring Jamie Lee Curtis, and there 15 00:00:54,440 --> 00:00:57,560 Speaker 2: were also numerous songs that were written about the case, 16 00:00:57,680 --> 00:01:01,760 Speaker 2: including Californication by the Hot Chili Pepper's personal favorite of 17 00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:05,240 Speaker 2: mine and the Best Was Yet to Come by Brian Adams. 18 00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:06,120 Speaker 4: Yeah. 19 00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:09,160 Speaker 3: I so remember all those songs. But we also have 20 00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:12,240 Speaker 3: to remember that Dorothy, she was an actress and a 21 00:01:12,280 --> 00:01:14,920 Speaker 3: playboy motto who dealt with abuse at the hands of 22 00:01:14,959 --> 00:01:19,399 Speaker 3: her controlling husband, who she was estranged from at the time, 23 00:01:19,680 --> 00:01:22,880 Speaker 3: and sadly, the story ends in her tragic murder. 24 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:27,760 Speaker 2: Yeah, heartbreaking. And today we want to use Dorothy's story 25 00:01:27,920 --> 00:01:31,959 Speaker 2: as a jumping off point to talk about intimate partner 26 00:01:32,040 --> 00:01:36,040 Speaker 2: violence and why it's so prevalent. But first our producer 27 00:01:36,040 --> 00:01:38,280 Speaker 2: Trevor is going to take us through today's case. 28 00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:43,679 Speaker 1: After catching the eye of iconic mogul Hugh Hefner, she 29 00:01:43,840 --> 00:01:46,080 Speaker 1: was crowned nineteen eighty Playmate of the Year. 30 00:01:46,520 --> 00:01:49,440 Speaker 3: She never felt that there was any danger in anything 31 00:01:49,480 --> 00:01:52,960 Speaker 3: with Paul Sneyer. He pushed her to marry him. She 32 00:01:53,240 --> 00:01:54,720 Speaker 3: I don't think really wanted to. 33 00:01:55,280 --> 00:01:58,560 Speaker 2: She was the meal ticket, but he was afraid that 34 00:01:58,680 --> 00:01:59,560 Speaker 2: he could lose her. 35 00:02:00,160 --> 00:02:00,559 Speaker 4: She did. 36 00:02:01,800 --> 00:02:04,880 Speaker 1: Dorothy Stratton was a twenty year old actress and playboy 37 00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:07,680 Speaker 1: model who was killed by her husband in nineteen eighty 38 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:12,080 Speaker 1: in Los Angeles. Dorothy grew up in Vancouver, British Columbia, 39 00:02:12,639 --> 00:02:15,160 Speaker 1: and while in high school, she met a man named 40 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:19,320 Speaker 1: Paul Snyder. Snyder was a successful promoter for car shows, 41 00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:22,280 Speaker 1: but he soon took to less than legitimate ways to 42 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:27,040 Speaker 1: make money, namely pimping. In the summer of nineteen seventy eight, 43 00:02:27,280 --> 00:02:31,239 Speaker 1: Snyder had a professional photographer take nude photos of then 44 00:02:31,360 --> 00:02:34,639 Speaker 1: eighteen year old Dorothy and send them to Playboy for 45 00:02:34,720 --> 00:02:38,639 Speaker 1: the Great Playmate Hunt of nineteen seventy eight. Dorothy was 46 00:02:38,720 --> 00:02:41,400 Speaker 1: chosen as a finalist, and so she and Paul Snyder 47 00:02:41,560 --> 00:02:45,640 Speaker 1: moved together to Los Angeles, California. The following year, they 48 00:02:45,680 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 1: got married in Las Vegas. At the time, she was 49 00:02:49,240 --> 00:02:53,520 Speaker 1: nineteen and he was twenty eight. Dorothy eventually became Playboy's 50 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:57,000 Speaker 1: Miss August nineteen seventy nine and started to work as 51 00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:00,919 Speaker 1: a Playboy bunny. Hugh Hefner decided that Dorothy should act 52 00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:03,760 Speaker 1: and got her roles in episodes of Fantasy Island and 53 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:09,639 Speaker 1: Buck Rogers. Meanwhile, Snyder became her chauffeur, manager, and acting coach. 54 00:03:10,480 --> 00:03:13,960 Speaker 1: The two reportedly argued daily, often leading to verbal and 55 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:19,240 Speaker 1: physical escalation. Roseanne Cayton, a fellow playmate, warned Dorothy to 56 00:03:19,320 --> 00:03:23,240 Speaker 1: leave Snyder. Hefner also tried to get Dorothy away from Snyder, 57 00:03:23,560 --> 00:03:27,080 Speaker 1: calling him quote a hustler and a pimp. In March 58 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:30,160 Speaker 1: of nineteen eighty, Dorothy landed a role in the film 59 00:03:30,320 --> 00:03:33,960 Speaker 1: They All Laughed, a romantic comedy written and directed by 60 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:38,760 Speaker 1: Peter Bogdanovitch, and then Dorothy began an affair with Bogdanovich 61 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:42,600 Speaker 1: while filming in New York. She wrote to Snyder asking 62 00:03:42,680 --> 00:03:45,840 Speaker 1: him for more freedom in their marriage, but Snyder called 63 00:03:45,880 --> 00:03:49,200 Speaker 1: her and flew into a rage. And then, when Dorothy 64 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:52,200 Speaker 1: was on a tour stop in Vancouver, Snyder flew into 65 00:03:52,240 --> 00:03:56,080 Speaker 1: town and convinced Dorothy to make nightclub appearances instead of 66 00:03:56,080 --> 00:04:00,240 Speaker 1: fulfilling her playboy duties. Snyder then pocketed all the money 67 00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:04,120 Speaker 1: she made from the appearances and disappeared. In June of 68 00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:08,360 Speaker 1: nineteen eighty, Dorothy sent Snyder a letter announcing they were separating. 69 00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:12,440 Speaker 1: In response, Snyder emptied their bank account and started an 70 00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:16,000 Speaker 1: affair with an old girlfriend. He also sold off Dorothy's 71 00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:20,200 Speaker 1: Playmate of the Year prizes. In July, Snyder obtained a 72 00:04:20,240 --> 00:04:24,359 Speaker 1: gun and he camped outside Bogdanovitch's house with the goal 73 00:04:24,400 --> 00:04:27,440 Speaker 1: of confronting Dorothy and the director when they came home, 74 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:31,359 Speaker 1: But after hours of waiting, he finally gave up and left. 75 00:04:32,279 --> 00:04:36,120 Speaker 1: And then on August fourteenth, Dorothy told Snyder she would 76 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:38,480 Speaker 1: come by his house to give him some settlement money. 77 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:41,320 Speaker 1: Her business manager had told her she should let her 78 00:04:41,400 --> 00:04:45,480 Speaker 1: lawyer deal with Snyder, but Dorothy refused the advice and 79 00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:49,160 Speaker 1: insisted that she'd deal with him personally, saying quote, I'd 80 00:04:49,200 --> 00:04:52,960 Speaker 1: like to remain his friend. When Dorothy arrived at Snyder's house, 81 00:04:53,240 --> 00:04:55,719 Speaker 1: his roommates had left for the day. The two spent 82 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:57,880 Speaker 1: some time in the living room before they went back 83 00:04:57,920 --> 00:05:02,200 Speaker 1: to the bedroom. About an hour lefe Snyder shot Dorothy, 84 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:06,599 Speaker 1: and an hour after that he shot himself. The story 85 00:05:06,800 --> 00:05:11,440 Speaker 1: was a major tabloid sensation. When interviewed, Hefner said, quote, 86 00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:14,560 Speaker 1: a very sick guy saw his meal ticket and his 87 00:05:14,640 --> 00:05:18,080 Speaker 1: connection to power or whatever slipping away, and it was 88 00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:22,200 Speaker 1: that that made him kill her end quote. And So, 89 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:25,760 Speaker 1: how does the case of Dorothy Stratton reveal a bigger 90 00:05:25,839 --> 00:05:30,320 Speaker 1: issue of intimate partner violence and its prevalence in American culture? 91 00:05:34,680 --> 00:05:36,720 Speaker 3: Well, welcome back to Facing Evil. 92 00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:41,440 Speaker 2: So the issue of intimate partner abuse, of course, is 93 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:44,920 Speaker 2: a huge issue that we've talked about many times on 94 00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:50,200 Speaker 2: our podcast, and Dorothy Stratton is just one of millions 95 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:52,919 Speaker 2: of people who have dealt with violence at the hands 96 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:57,640 Speaker 2: of a partner. So today we are so honored and 97 00:05:57,760 --> 00:06:02,400 Speaker 2: humbled to welcome an amazing expert on this issue and 98 00:06:02,440 --> 00:06:06,720 Speaker 2: that is doctor Junkog Cho, and doctor Cho is an 99 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:11,680 Speaker 2: associate professor at Michigan State University's College of Social Science. 100 00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:15,680 Speaker 2: He's published numerous studies and journals on the issues of 101 00:06:15,720 --> 00:06:20,160 Speaker 2: intimate partner violence. So doctor Cho, welcome a Komo may 102 00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:21,920 Speaker 2: to Facing Evil. 103 00:06:22,400 --> 00:06:24,599 Speaker 4: Thanks for having me. It's my great pleasure. 104 00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:28,000 Speaker 3: N thank you so much, doctor Choe for being here. 105 00:06:28,960 --> 00:06:31,520 Speaker 3: We're going to start. First of all, if you could 106 00:06:31,760 --> 00:06:35,320 Speaker 3: tell us how you got into this work, you know, 107 00:06:35,440 --> 00:06:38,720 Speaker 3: and in particularly what brought you to the issue of 108 00:06:39,320 --> 00:06:41,200 Speaker 3: intimate partner violence. 109 00:06:42,120 --> 00:06:45,520 Speaker 4: Yes, I can share some of my stories. So probably 110 00:06:45,800 --> 00:06:50,080 Speaker 4: my first memory of witnessing patterner of violence was when 111 00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:53,920 Speaker 4: I was very leader in Korea, so where I came from, 112 00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:57,640 Speaker 4: So probably I was like five years old or six, 113 00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:03,440 Speaker 4: and at the time is nineteen sixties or early seventies, so 114 00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:06,679 Speaker 4: it was not that uncommon in Korea at the time, 115 00:07:07,400 --> 00:07:12,760 Speaker 4: Like seeing like a drunken, angry man dragging around seeing 116 00:07:12,840 --> 00:07:17,320 Speaker 4: me their wives on street and beating them and yelling 117 00:07:17,400 --> 00:07:21,440 Speaker 4: at them. So I felt very bad, But I don't 118 00:07:21,520 --> 00:07:26,160 Speaker 4: remember like any person actually stepped in to stop it. 119 00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:31,760 Speaker 4: Either they were afraid of being harassed themselves or I 120 00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:35,040 Speaker 4: don't know. But that's rebot the memory, but a little 121 00:07:35,040 --> 00:07:38,160 Speaker 4: more reasten to one is like them. A couple of 122 00:07:38,240 --> 00:07:43,120 Speaker 4: my friends, female friends from my college, shared with me 123 00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:47,640 Speaker 4: their experiences of their like hit by their partners or 124 00:07:47,680 --> 00:07:53,240 Speaker 4: actually their husbands. So they are highly educated and intelligent 125 00:07:53,480 --> 00:07:57,120 Speaker 4: and very capable, but stir they were victimized. So I 126 00:07:57,320 --> 00:08:01,600 Speaker 4: was very perplexed and I wanted to know more. So 127 00:08:01,800 --> 00:08:04,960 Speaker 4: it's about the same time I plan to go into 128 00:08:05,000 --> 00:08:08,160 Speaker 4: a PhD program in the social work, so it's kind 129 00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:11,960 Speaker 4: of the good match for me to be interested in 130 00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:15,480 Speaker 4: the topic. And I wrote my destination about it. 131 00:08:15,920 --> 00:08:19,360 Speaker 3: Wow, so it was very personal to you, starting from 132 00:08:19,400 --> 00:08:22,120 Speaker 3: the time you were a child and then as you 133 00:08:22,160 --> 00:08:23,160 Speaker 3: started to grow up. 134 00:08:23,560 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 4: Yes, yes it is. 135 00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:29,800 Speaker 2: I'm thankful for you because I've never had the opportunity 136 00:08:29,880 --> 00:08:33,920 Speaker 2: to speak to an expert on intimate partner violence or 137 00:08:34,040 --> 00:08:39,000 Speaker 2: expert of any kind on abuse. And I know that 138 00:08:39,240 --> 00:08:43,360 Speaker 2: intimate partner violence doesn't only happen between couples, right like 139 00:08:43,480 --> 00:08:47,080 Speaker 2: it happens whether you know a parent is abusing a 140 00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:53,360 Speaker 2: child or even adults you know sadly abusing their elderly parents. 141 00:08:53,679 --> 00:08:56,680 Speaker 2: But can you tell us a little bit more like 142 00:08:56,760 --> 00:09:01,000 Speaker 2: how diverse this issue really is like it's not you know, 143 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:03,120 Speaker 2: between a man and a woman, right. 144 00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:06,360 Speaker 4: Right, right, So you are correct when you mentioned like 145 00:09:06,400 --> 00:09:10,360 Speaker 4: a lot of different types of violence happening between family 146 00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:14,080 Speaker 4: members as well as like the caregivers, even for like 147 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:19,040 Speaker 4: elderly abuse, or even children can be abused or militreated 148 00:09:19,120 --> 00:09:24,360 Speaker 4: by their teachers like that. So it's very diverse, and 149 00:09:24,440 --> 00:09:29,600 Speaker 4: the many research consistently shows that itp is observed from 150 00:09:29,679 --> 00:09:34,520 Speaker 4: every group, every community, every place of imaginable so legardilis 151 00:09:34,679 --> 00:09:39,720 Speaker 4: of gender or sexual orientation or age or race and 152 00:09:39,800 --> 00:09:45,000 Speaker 4: ethnicity and community types. Also, like the pattern of virons 153 00:09:45,040 --> 00:09:49,360 Speaker 4: doesn't happen only against women, so men also serve from 154 00:09:49,440 --> 00:09:54,360 Speaker 4: pattern of virons. But the numbers and the characteristics of 155 00:09:54,600 --> 00:10:00,120 Speaker 4: violence experience are somewhat different between men and women. So 156 00:10:00,200 --> 00:10:04,360 Speaker 4: for instance, like the Russia, you just mentioned a lot 157 00:10:04,400 --> 00:10:08,880 Speaker 4: of different forms of violence including physical abuse, emotional abuse 158 00:10:09,040 --> 00:10:17,200 Speaker 4: or psychological aggression or manuperation, controlling behaviors, obsessively limiting where 159 00:10:17,240 --> 00:10:20,440 Speaker 4: you are and whom to talk to, and of course 160 00:10:20,520 --> 00:10:24,640 Speaker 4: sexual assault and ray. All different types of violence are 161 00:10:24,960 --> 00:10:29,160 Speaker 4: out there, and among those types of violence, women are 162 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:35,040 Speaker 4: deported more like sexual assault and severe revels of physical 163 00:10:35,160 --> 00:10:40,120 Speaker 4: violence for instance, like beating up or like the lipiditid 164 00:10:40,960 --> 00:10:47,240 Speaker 4: hit by weapons like that, and sexual assault is predominantly 165 00:10:47,760 --> 00:10:52,920 Speaker 4: against women. Men deported a little bit comparable number and 166 00:10:52,960 --> 00:10:58,040 Speaker 4: percentages of psychological aggressions, so it can be called emotional 167 00:10:58,040 --> 00:11:03,520 Speaker 4: abuse or manuperation. Controlling behaviors, they seem to be comparitive 168 00:11:03,600 --> 00:11:09,520 Speaker 4: between men and women. And one significant difference between men 169 00:11:09,559 --> 00:11:15,240 Speaker 4: and women is the negative consequences of virns on their health. 170 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:22,720 Speaker 4: So women reported way severe levels of injury like broken 171 00:11:22,760 --> 00:11:28,360 Speaker 4: bones or fracture or heavy bruises compared to men. So 172 00:11:28,400 --> 00:11:31,400 Speaker 4: they are like certain differences between men and women. But 173 00:11:31,520 --> 00:11:36,840 Speaker 4: still we cannot argue against that. So they are out. 174 00:11:36,640 --> 00:12:02,520 Speaker 2: There right, can't discount it, right, So you know another question, 175 00:12:02,679 --> 00:12:06,280 Speaker 2: doctor Choe, I mean, what are the most common stories 176 00:12:06,320 --> 00:12:11,360 Speaker 2: that you hear about you know, for instance, we are 177 00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:15,760 Speaker 2: talking about Dorothy Stratton who was a very famous model, 178 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:17,319 Speaker 2: you know, playboo model in. 179 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:23,360 Speaker 3: The eighties and she was killed by her controlling, abusive husband. 180 00:12:24,559 --> 00:12:31,240 Speaker 3: Do you think there's a difference between fame and power money. 181 00:12:31,920 --> 00:12:35,120 Speaker 3: What are the most common stories that you hear about 182 00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:36,480 Speaker 3: these behaviors? 183 00:12:37,120 --> 00:12:41,040 Speaker 4: Yeah, I believe there's a hot casion to answer, because 184 00:12:41,240 --> 00:12:45,240 Speaker 4: we're just discuss how diverse I PV is, so like 185 00:12:45,400 --> 00:12:50,240 Speaker 4: picking a very common story among all those diversities hot cusion. 186 00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:53,640 Speaker 4: But at this time we can share like a couple 187 00:12:53,679 --> 00:12:59,360 Speaker 4: of different types of stories that we consistently watch. So 188 00:12:59,440 --> 00:13:03,880 Speaker 4: we're talking about server groups of all different types of experience. 189 00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:09,320 Speaker 4: So like that, there are many scholars try hard to 190 00:13:09,360 --> 00:13:13,520 Speaker 4: create some manager number of server groups. Two or three 191 00:13:13,559 --> 00:13:18,400 Speaker 4: types of old IPD based on their similarities. So one 192 00:13:18,400 --> 00:13:24,040 Speaker 4: of them was created by doctor Johnson. I believe he 193 00:13:24,280 --> 00:13:29,040 Speaker 4: was a sociology professor at Penn State. So he created 194 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:33,840 Speaker 4: like three different types of pattern of violence. First one 195 00:13:33,920 --> 00:13:37,559 Speaker 4: is probably similar to the case you just lifered. He 196 00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:42,800 Speaker 4: called it as a domestic terrorism. So one partner having 197 00:13:43,480 --> 00:13:48,199 Speaker 4: an more power and resources compared to other partner, and 198 00:13:48,480 --> 00:13:53,320 Speaker 4: they use their enormous advantage in terms of power to 199 00:13:53,480 --> 00:13:59,360 Speaker 4: control another partner, including violence. So he observed like that 200 00:13:59,520 --> 00:14:05,480 Speaker 4: kind of virons predominantly committed by men against the women 201 00:14:05,720 --> 00:14:11,360 Speaker 4: I see. So about according to his observation, about fifteen 202 00:14:11,480 --> 00:14:16,560 Speaker 4: to twenty percent of patterner virolens maybe classified into that 203 00:14:16,840 --> 00:14:20,640 Speaker 4: form of domestic terrorism. Okay, okay, that might be one 204 00:14:20,680 --> 00:14:23,520 Speaker 4: story may be very close to the case we are 205 00:14:23,680 --> 00:14:28,800 Speaker 4: talking about today. Yeah. Another form is he called it 206 00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:33,120 Speaker 4: like a situational partner violence or situational couple of violence. 207 00:14:33,720 --> 00:14:38,920 Speaker 4: So in terms of severity or frequency or consequences, it's 208 00:14:39,040 --> 00:14:43,760 Speaker 4: a reader. Let's a severe compared to domestic terrorism, which 209 00:14:43,880 --> 00:14:48,680 Speaker 4: is discussed, So let's severe levels of physical violence, like 210 00:14:49,040 --> 00:14:52,200 Speaker 4: so instead of like a using knife or weapon, or beating, 211 00:14:52,680 --> 00:14:57,640 Speaker 4: like pushing like it's frequently used, or like throwing a 212 00:14:57,680 --> 00:15:03,640 Speaker 4: pillow against your partner over some disagreement or dispute or 213 00:15:03,680 --> 00:15:04,920 Speaker 4: some conflict. 214 00:15:04,680 --> 00:15:05,320 Speaker 3: Less severe. 215 00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:11,920 Speaker 4: So men and women can use such violence occasionally, not frequently. 216 00:15:12,440 --> 00:15:15,120 Speaker 4: So that's why it's called the situational. So if they 217 00:15:15,160 --> 00:15:22,000 Speaker 4: are intoxicated or under like the some heavy stress from 218 00:15:22,280 --> 00:15:27,040 Speaker 4: like childcare or like employment or COVID, then under the 219 00:15:27,120 --> 00:15:31,440 Speaker 4: high pressure, they might rely on violence to reserve or 220 00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:37,080 Speaker 4: express their discomfort or frustration. So they're called a situation 221 00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:39,920 Speaker 4: a couple of violence. So in terms of a number, 222 00:15:41,080 --> 00:15:44,280 Speaker 4: about half or more of a pattern of violence may 223 00:15:44,320 --> 00:15:48,840 Speaker 4: be built as a dead type, so embolving lesser severe 224 00:15:48,880 --> 00:15:52,360 Speaker 4: violence of still very serious in terms of consequences, but 225 00:15:53,080 --> 00:15:58,200 Speaker 4: men and women may evolve in a little pretty even percentages. 226 00:15:58,960 --> 00:16:04,800 Speaker 4: And another line, the type of violence conjured by doctor 227 00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:10,560 Speaker 4: Johnson is called the violent resistance, which means like involving 228 00:16:10,600 --> 00:16:15,440 Speaker 4: self defense. So, for instance, police was called into the 229 00:16:15,520 --> 00:16:19,960 Speaker 4: domestic violence scene and they found both partners embolved in 230 00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:23,520 Speaker 4: some kind of physical confrontation and use of violence, so 231 00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:27,200 Speaker 4: they arrested the both of them. But later on they 232 00:16:27,320 --> 00:16:32,760 Speaker 4: found actually one partner reacted against like the violence physical 233 00:16:32,840 --> 00:16:37,280 Speaker 4: force p pictured by another partner. But police didn't have 234 00:16:37,480 --> 00:16:42,200 Speaker 4: much time to tell difference between whomever like initiate the 235 00:16:42,280 --> 00:16:47,680 Speaker 4: violence and who defend themselves against the violence. So they 236 00:16:47,680 --> 00:16:51,520 Speaker 4: are the types of violence, and in terms of a number, 237 00:16:51,640 --> 00:16:56,640 Speaker 4: about twenty percent twenty five percent or partner violence probably 238 00:16:56,680 --> 00:17:00,960 Speaker 4: classify the them. But still Legardi I saw forms of 239 00:17:01,120 --> 00:17:05,320 Speaker 4: pattern of vironce condgative consequences in terms of health and 240 00:17:05,400 --> 00:17:11,440 Speaker 4: social function onto survivors or victims very severe, very serious. 241 00:17:11,480 --> 00:17:14,280 Speaker 4: So we have to treat all forms of patternal violence 242 00:17:14,760 --> 00:17:15,640 Speaker 4: very seriously. 243 00:17:16,240 --> 00:17:20,479 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's all trauma, right, like it's yeah, it's all trauma, yeah, 244 00:17:20,520 --> 00:17:24,760 Speaker 2: in whatever form. Speaking along those lines with psychology, this 245 00:17:24,920 --> 00:17:29,200 Speaker 2: is something it's interesting, right, Like I think hurt people. 246 00:17:29,280 --> 00:17:32,600 Speaker 2: Hurt people, right, and that's the term you know we've 247 00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:34,720 Speaker 2: been told and hear it facing evil or much more 248 00:17:34,760 --> 00:17:37,800 Speaker 2: about the like how do you heal from that? And 249 00:17:38,359 --> 00:17:41,960 Speaker 2: like I thankfully have never repeated any of the abuse 250 00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:43,880 Speaker 2: that has been done to me. You know, our mom 251 00:17:43,960 --> 00:17:47,960 Speaker 2: never repeated it to us. And you know, but that 252 00:17:47,960 --> 00:17:50,800 Speaker 2: didn't happen for my dad in particular, or I don't 253 00:17:50,880 --> 00:17:54,040 Speaker 2: know what Dorothy Stratton's a strange husband, what he went 254 00:17:54,040 --> 00:17:57,240 Speaker 2: through before he you know, did horrible things to Dorothy 255 00:17:57,320 --> 00:17:57,800 Speaker 2: or anyone. 256 00:17:57,880 --> 00:17:59,960 Speaker 3: But why do you. 257 00:18:00,240 --> 00:18:05,280 Speaker 2: Think sociologically or psychologically, like why do these people feel 258 00:18:05,320 --> 00:18:09,240 Speaker 2: the need these abusers, like why do they need to control, 259 00:18:09,440 --> 00:18:11,120 Speaker 2: manipulate or. 260 00:18:10,840 --> 00:18:12,880 Speaker 3: Harm these people that they love? 261 00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:16,760 Speaker 2: Like I know again, I'm sure it's a wide variety 262 00:18:16,840 --> 00:18:23,200 Speaker 2: of answers, But from a scientific standpoint, what do you think, If. 263 00:18:23,040 --> 00:18:26,480 Speaker 4: I can be overly simplistic, then the answer is because 264 00:18:26,520 --> 00:18:30,600 Speaker 4: they can, right, they can use violence without any restriction 265 00:18:30,920 --> 00:18:36,199 Speaker 4: either like their partner being abused didn't have much power 266 00:18:36,880 --> 00:18:39,440 Speaker 4: then them, so they feel free to do whatever they 267 00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:44,960 Speaker 4: want and society or neighbors or even authorities didn't see 268 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:48,639 Speaker 4: them as a serious right or even like use some 269 00:18:48,840 --> 00:18:52,040 Speaker 4: form of violence and conceive that as some kind of 270 00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:56,680 Speaker 4: expression of love or another form of some loving relationship, 271 00:18:57,119 --> 00:19:00,960 Speaker 4: different but private matter, and we don't have it to 272 00:19:01,080 --> 00:19:04,880 Speaker 4: step in. So because of such like a little bit 273 00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:09,200 Speaker 4: leniency in terms of social acceptance of a violence. Also 274 00:19:09,320 --> 00:19:14,200 Speaker 4: like the victim shaming culture. So when we are in pain, 275 00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:17,720 Speaker 4: then it's natural for us to talk to somebody to 276 00:19:17,880 --> 00:19:22,440 Speaker 4: feel better and to seek for some health. And but 277 00:19:22,840 --> 00:19:26,320 Speaker 4: if I share something, then what if my friend or 278 00:19:26,359 --> 00:19:29,600 Speaker 4: parents or teachers say no, no, no, no, so what did 279 00:19:29,640 --> 00:19:33,160 Speaker 4: you do and where are you there? And if they 280 00:19:33,359 --> 00:19:37,520 Speaker 4: have a repeated experience like that, then we internalize the 281 00:19:37,680 --> 00:19:42,000 Speaker 4: process of shaming as if we actually embolve in very 282 00:19:42,080 --> 00:19:47,600 Speaker 4: shame for activity, so we just never sick help ever. Again, 283 00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:54,680 Speaker 4: so because of such a social environment, perpetrator may feel free. Wow, 284 00:19:55,000 --> 00:20:00,919 Speaker 4: that's like one interpretation and explanation. Another one is like 285 00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:06,400 Speaker 4: like a feminist take is like power and control mechanism 286 00:20:06,760 --> 00:20:10,159 Speaker 4: what they call. So it's very similar to again the 287 00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:13,920 Speaker 4: case we are talking about. So if one partner have 288 00:20:14,240 --> 00:20:19,400 Speaker 4: enormous fame and power not comparably to the other partner, 289 00:20:19,520 --> 00:20:24,440 Speaker 4: then this partner used their power to control another partner's 290 00:20:24,520 --> 00:20:31,240 Speaker 4: behavior perception for their gain, to their advantage. Yeah, Historically, 291 00:20:31,320 --> 00:20:35,120 Speaker 4: like a man seemed to progest much more power compared 292 00:20:35,240 --> 00:20:39,600 Speaker 4: to women. So that's why, like the most of very 293 00:20:39,640 --> 00:20:43,919 Speaker 4: severe virons actually porpetraed by men because they had a 294 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:49,320 Speaker 4: more power over women. Right. At the same time, we 295 00:20:49,480 --> 00:20:54,320 Speaker 4: cannot ignore like the presence of other types of partner violence. 296 00:20:55,080 --> 00:20:58,600 Speaker 4: Men also suffer the from a partner violence. And some 297 00:20:58,720 --> 00:21:04,119 Speaker 4: famous like a male egg actually sexually assorted another malectoral 298 00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:09,680 Speaker 4: or actors allegedly, So it can happen to whatever a relationship, 299 00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:13,520 Speaker 4: not only for men and women or a heterosexual or 300 00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:17,960 Speaker 4: same sex. It can happen there. Then probably like power 301 00:21:18,040 --> 00:21:21,080 Speaker 4: and control can be or cannot be applied. 302 00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:24,240 Speaker 5: I feel like this is a therapy session, doctor Joe, 303 00:21:24,240 --> 00:21:26,520 Speaker 5: I love it. 304 00:21:26,680 --> 00:21:29,840 Speaker 4: Another theory may be based on like the some gruel 305 00:21:29,880 --> 00:21:35,040 Speaker 4: people and they don't have like a good conflicted resolution skills, right, 306 00:21:35,160 --> 00:21:38,600 Speaker 4: So conflict isn't natural, so it can happen between any 307 00:21:38,640 --> 00:21:42,560 Speaker 4: patterns because we are different from each other. But some 308 00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:46,000 Speaker 4: persons or some group people do not have a good 309 00:21:46,160 --> 00:21:51,840 Speaker 4: exposure to the healthy way of conflicted resolution. So either 310 00:21:51,960 --> 00:21:55,879 Speaker 4: they were raised in very violent community, then the only 311 00:21:56,480 --> 00:22:01,880 Speaker 4: bio option for them to achieve something is use of violence. Right, 312 00:22:02,280 --> 00:22:06,200 Speaker 4: and when they observe the dead like kind of gang affiliation, 313 00:22:06,520 --> 00:22:10,680 Speaker 4: like some motivation for youth in the public community as 314 00:22:11,359 --> 00:22:14,399 Speaker 4: a very few way to go up to the like 315 00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:18,840 Speaker 4: hierarchical social structure. So there might be another theory. So 316 00:22:19,240 --> 00:22:22,000 Speaker 4: it's very hard to choose one or two. But I'm 317 00:22:22,080 --> 00:22:25,640 Speaker 4: just giving you some choices of theory. 318 00:22:25,480 --> 00:22:29,800 Speaker 3: Right, which we appreciate. Yeah, we're learning, yeah, very much. So, 319 00:22:30,160 --> 00:22:34,399 Speaker 3: I mean, we know how prevalent, you know, intimate partner 320 00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:37,280 Speaker 3: violence is, especially here in America, and we know the 321 00:22:37,359 --> 00:22:42,080 Speaker 3: numbers are quite high. Do you know, is it higher 322 00:22:42,119 --> 00:22:44,439 Speaker 3: in other countries compared to here? 323 00:22:45,320 --> 00:22:48,520 Speaker 4: May or may not. So it depends on which country 324 00:22:48,680 --> 00:22:53,760 Speaker 4: are we are comparing us with. So like United Nations 325 00:22:54,160 --> 00:22:59,200 Speaker 4: released like the formerly port about pattern of violence prevalence 326 00:22:59,240 --> 00:23:04,240 Speaker 4: across the glove and according to recent the port, United 327 00:23:04,280 --> 00:23:10,040 Speaker 4: States shows like comparable numbers across like the developed countries. 328 00:23:10,560 --> 00:23:13,359 Speaker 4: So I mentioned I came from Korea, so I know 329 00:23:13,600 --> 00:23:20,400 Speaker 4: the numbers are pretty pretty similar between Korea and United States. 330 00:23:20,440 --> 00:23:26,960 Speaker 4: But compared to like the like underdeveloped countries or far 331 00:23:27,080 --> 00:23:32,879 Speaker 4: remote countries like for instance, un identify the ten countries 332 00:23:32,920 --> 00:23:36,760 Speaker 4: that show the highest prevalence of a pattern of violence. 333 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:41,280 Speaker 4: So a couple of African countries, for instance a Congo 334 00:23:41,480 --> 00:23:46,200 Speaker 4: or Iberia included in the RIST and couple of Pacific 335 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:51,480 Speaker 4: island nations including Papua New Guinea or Solomon Islands also 336 00:23:51,640 --> 00:23:55,439 Speaker 4: show like about half of the population the party some 337 00:23:55,680 --> 00:23:56,800 Speaker 4: form of violence. 338 00:23:56,960 --> 00:23:57,640 Speaker 2: Wow. 339 00:23:58,240 --> 00:24:01,560 Speaker 4: So we don't know for sure why. It may be 340 00:24:01,560 --> 00:24:06,720 Speaker 4: because like the Mail patriarchy, maybe stronger there, or there 341 00:24:06,760 --> 00:24:10,840 Speaker 4: may be some religious influence if any religion or social 342 00:24:10,960 --> 00:24:18,520 Speaker 4: loans or community values, socialized community members into certain expectations, 343 00:24:18,800 --> 00:24:22,280 Speaker 4: certain growth of people can use violence. Whyas another groups 344 00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:26,800 Speaker 4: of people just have to suffer for some something. The 345 00:24:26,880 --> 00:24:30,600 Speaker 4: United States not the worst, or we cannot say worse 346 00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:34,480 Speaker 4: than most of the countries, but very severe in terms 347 00:24:34,480 --> 00:24:37,960 Speaker 4: of number percentage. So let me give you a number. Okay, 348 00:24:38,160 --> 00:24:43,880 Speaker 4: So annually we know that about six percent of or 349 00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:46,760 Speaker 4: other two women, so in terms of number is about 350 00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:50,840 Speaker 4: seven million the party the experienced some form of sexual 351 00:24:50,920 --> 00:24:57,679 Speaker 4: violence fishical views and starking. Wow. And a little smaller 352 00:24:57,800 --> 00:25:02,320 Speaker 4: number four men, but still about six million. Other men 353 00:25:02,520 --> 00:25:07,119 Speaker 4: aged eighteen or over also reported the physical violence and 354 00:25:07,200 --> 00:25:12,720 Speaker 4: starking victimization. Again, there are differences, right, So women deported 355 00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:17,240 Speaker 4: the more sexual violence starking whyas men deported the similar 356 00:25:17,320 --> 00:25:19,960 Speaker 4: levels of psychological abuse. 357 00:25:19,840 --> 00:25:21,240 Speaker 3: But still very high. 358 00:25:21,680 --> 00:25:45,840 Speaker 5: Yeah, doctor Chol, like you spoke earlier about shame, right, 359 00:25:45,920 --> 00:25:49,159 Speaker 5: and just sharing from my own experience, Like I didn't 360 00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:51,960 Speaker 5: tell a soul that I was. 361 00:25:51,840 --> 00:25:55,000 Speaker 2: Physically, verbally and emotionally abused until I was twenty one 362 00:25:55,080 --> 00:25:58,199 Speaker 2: years old, and that was because that last time I 363 00:25:58,240 --> 00:26:00,479 Speaker 2: almost died, And I think I kind of like flipped 364 00:26:00,480 --> 00:26:04,320 Speaker 2: and I'm like, oh, I can't not tell everyone, you know, 365 00:26:04,359 --> 00:26:05,520 Speaker 2: but I didn't press charges. 366 00:26:05,600 --> 00:26:07,840 Speaker 3: I didn't report it out of shame. 367 00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:10,680 Speaker 2: Just by you saying all that, Like, I can only 368 00:26:10,760 --> 00:26:14,640 Speaker 2: imagine what it's like in all these other countries where 369 00:26:14,680 --> 00:26:17,040 Speaker 2: culturally maybe they're not supposed to report it. 370 00:26:17,160 --> 00:26:21,240 Speaker 3: Right, and probably there they don't have the resources as well. Right, 371 00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:26,520 Speaker 3: I think this is probably the most important question. How 372 00:26:26,560 --> 00:26:28,640 Speaker 3: do we break the cycle? 373 00:26:29,640 --> 00:26:35,240 Speaker 4: I believe like making our society egalitarian and more diverse 374 00:26:35,400 --> 00:26:40,320 Speaker 4: and inclusive and equitable is the probably the most important 375 00:26:40,359 --> 00:26:44,640 Speaker 4: thing we have to pursue. But it's a wrong term goal, right. 376 00:26:44,720 --> 00:26:48,880 Speaker 4: We cannot expect like our society is a change overnight. Okay, 377 00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:51,359 Speaker 4: all women are like equal to and we have to 378 00:26:51,359 --> 00:26:54,159 Speaker 4: pay equal amount of money to regard it with their 379 00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:57,800 Speaker 4: gender sexual orientation, we cannot expect that, but still we 380 00:26:57,880 --> 00:27:01,439 Speaker 4: have to try hard. So and another area that we 381 00:27:01,560 --> 00:27:06,919 Speaker 4: can make it for this education, so let them know. 382 00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:11,640 Speaker 4: So it's much better if we can start early because 383 00:27:11,720 --> 00:27:17,880 Speaker 4: the norms values about healthy relationship or like the how 384 00:27:17,960 --> 00:27:21,040 Speaker 4: bad it is to rely on violence. It can be 385 00:27:21,200 --> 00:27:25,080 Speaker 4: educated or it can be socialized very early on. Then 386 00:27:25,359 --> 00:27:29,399 Speaker 4: we can keep that ressent and valuus all our lifetime. 387 00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:33,840 Speaker 4: So like the about the nature of violence, or what 388 00:27:34,600 --> 00:27:38,280 Speaker 4: would be the healthy relationship look like? And what can 389 00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:41,560 Speaker 4: be done if your witness something going on or your 390 00:27:41,640 --> 00:27:45,240 Speaker 4: friend share this thing is going on, or your friend 391 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:50,679 Speaker 4: said nothing but you felt something different. Not not questioning 392 00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:55,320 Speaker 4: them or not intimidating them, not overly charged the way, 393 00:27:55,920 --> 00:27:59,240 Speaker 4: so that that kind of education training can be done 394 00:27:59,600 --> 00:28:02,960 Speaker 4: very early on, because like repetition is the key also 395 00:28:03,160 --> 00:28:07,920 Speaker 4: education because we can be forgetful and as we live 396 00:28:08,080 --> 00:28:12,040 Speaker 4: on we are exposed to all different types of environment 397 00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:16,400 Speaker 4: and probably one lesson we took from early education may 398 00:28:16,440 --> 00:28:21,159 Speaker 4: not be suitable for another situation, like workplace harassment is 399 00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:25,440 Speaker 4: very different from like dating violence at school or tempus. 400 00:28:25,680 --> 00:28:29,600 Speaker 4: So we need like a continuous education of training, and 401 00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:32,720 Speaker 4: of course we need a resource to keep that education 402 00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:37,480 Speaker 4: going on. Yes, some of you mentioned like the nobody 403 00:28:37,560 --> 00:28:41,440 Speaker 4: did anything or I mentioned that right, so I witnessed 404 00:28:41,480 --> 00:28:45,080 Speaker 4: the pattern of violence. Most of us that don't know 405 00:28:45,120 --> 00:28:49,880 Speaker 4: how to embolve in that situation. Either we are very 406 00:28:49,920 --> 00:28:53,400 Speaker 4: afraid of we can be another victim, or we know 407 00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:57,120 Speaker 4: both partners so we don't know how to tell them. 408 00:28:57,320 --> 00:29:01,400 Speaker 4: So I stand the intervention is one of the most 409 00:29:01,520 --> 00:29:07,640 Speaker 4: effective way to come back everging present pattern of violence. 410 00:29:08,360 --> 00:29:13,000 Speaker 4: We shouldn't know how to intervene into a pattern of violence, 411 00:29:13,400 --> 00:29:17,880 Speaker 4: either share the one or happening in front of us. 412 00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:22,480 Speaker 4: So that kind of education training also the key. And 413 00:29:22,800 --> 00:29:26,640 Speaker 4: probably like the every of us should know something about 414 00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:30,480 Speaker 4: pattern of violence, how to talk to or if your friend, 415 00:29:30,680 --> 00:29:34,360 Speaker 4: share them, how to listen to, how to respect and 416 00:29:34,480 --> 00:29:38,400 Speaker 4: that question that challenging, just the trust and believe and 417 00:29:38,480 --> 00:29:42,600 Speaker 4: how to support shaming, yeah, not shaming, and let them 418 00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:43,760 Speaker 4: feel supported. 419 00:29:44,640 --> 00:29:48,640 Speaker 2: So so beautiful, you have laid it all out for us, 420 00:29:48,840 --> 00:29:54,800 Speaker 2: doctor Chow. We so appreciate your expertise, your knowledge, your wisdom. 421 00:29:54,960 --> 00:29:57,960 Speaker 2: Thank you for sharing your story, you know, from when 422 00:29:57,960 --> 00:30:00,160 Speaker 2: you were younger, because a lot of times it's so 423 00:30:00,320 --> 00:30:04,040 Speaker 2: personal to us, you know why we end up where 424 00:30:04,040 --> 00:30:06,560 Speaker 2: we are and Russia and I you know here on 425 00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:10,160 Speaker 2: facing evil. It is very personal story of how we 426 00:30:10,240 --> 00:30:14,320 Speaker 2: got here, and we just want to share with people, 427 00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:18,560 Speaker 2: you know, resources on how you can overcome and move 428 00:30:18,640 --> 00:30:22,440 Speaker 2: onward and upward. Mahalo nuiloa from the bottom of our heart. 429 00:30:22,920 --> 00:30:25,960 Speaker 4: Yeah, it is my honor and pleasure to be here. 430 00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:31,600 Speaker 4: So and I'm really thankful for Lasha for sharing the 431 00:30:31,640 --> 00:30:35,280 Speaker 4: painful story and let us let us just the part 432 00:30:35,400 --> 00:30:40,040 Speaker 4: of your story and listen to some of you the podcast. 433 00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:44,880 Speaker 4: So I really appreciate your evil to make this kind 434 00:30:44,920 --> 00:30:49,240 Speaker 4: of like a violence victimization, like insightful stories about it. 435 00:30:49,400 --> 00:30:52,960 Speaker 4: So let us know, let the public know about the 436 00:30:53,480 --> 00:30:57,880 Speaker 4: stories about it, the sufferings, and some potential ways to 437 00:30:58,560 --> 00:31:01,800 Speaker 4: fight against it. Are really grateful for you to do 438 00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:02,480 Speaker 4: this job. 439 00:31:02,800 --> 00:31:06,880 Speaker 5: Oh exactly why we're doing this. 440 00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:11,680 Speaker 3: Yes, Oh my gosh, thank you so much, Thank you 441 00:31:11,800 --> 00:31:12,160 Speaker 3: so much. 442 00:31:12,200 --> 00:31:14,840 Speaker 4: It's a mygret pleasure. I hope to see you again. 443 00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:25,920 Speaker 2: For today's message of hope and healing. Our eymore goes 444 00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:28,320 Speaker 2: out to the right shining light of a human that 445 00:31:28,440 --> 00:31:33,160 Speaker 2: Dorothy Stratton was. Dorothy was kind, talented, loving, and a 446 00:31:33,280 --> 00:31:35,000 Speaker 2: self proclaimed curious soul. 447 00:31:35,880 --> 00:31:39,120 Speaker 3: We never got to see Dorothy blossom into her full potential, 448 00:31:39,560 --> 00:31:41,800 Speaker 3: but the beauty and the raw talent she shared with 449 00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:43,800 Speaker 3: the world will linger on forever. 450 00:31:44,520 --> 00:31:47,400 Speaker 2: The light in the darkness of Dorothy's story has inspired 451 00:31:47,640 --> 00:31:52,040 Speaker 2: so many other survivors of domestic violence to finally break free. 452 00:31:52,600 --> 00:31:56,200 Speaker 3: We want all who are suffering to be heard. We 453 00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:59,640 Speaker 3: should all follow the advice of the National Domestic Violence 454 00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:05,160 Speaker 3: Hot Life. If you see something, say something. Domestic violence 455 00:32:05,440 --> 00:32:09,080 Speaker 3: thrives in silence, and if you or someone you know 456 00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:13,240 Speaker 3: needs help, please call them at one eight hundred seven 457 00:32:13,360 --> 00:32:27,280 Speaker 3: ninety nine seven two three three, Onward and upward, Emua emua. Well, 458 00:32:27,320 --> 00:32:28,480 Speaker 3: that's our show for today. 459 00:32:28,800 --> 00:32:31,760 Speaker 2: We'd love to hear what you thought about today's discussion 460 00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:33,840 Speaker 2: and if there's a case you'd like for us to. 461 00:32:33,880 --> 00:32:37,200 Speaker 3: Cover, find us on social media or email us at 462 00:32:37,280 --> 00:32:39,800 Speaker 3: Facingevil pod at tenderfoot dot tv. 463 00:32:40,480 --> 00:32:43,960 Speaker 2: And one small request if you haven't already, please find 464 00:32:44,040 --> 00:32:46,280 Speaker 2: us on iTunes and give us a good rating and 465 00:32:46,400 --> 00:32:48,600 Speaker 2: a good review. If you like what we do, your 466 00:32:48,680 --> 00:32:50,520 Speaker 2: support is always cherished. 467 00:32:51,360 --> 00:32:53,520 Speaker 3: Until next time. Aloha. 468 00:33:09,520 --> 00:33:13,200 Speaker 1: Facing Evil is a production of iHeartRadio and Tenderfoot TV. 469 00:33:14,120 --> 00:33:17,160 Speaker 1: The show is hosted by Russia, Paccuerero and Avet Gentile. 470 00:33:17,960 --> 00:33:21,640 Speaker 1: Matt Frederick and Alex Williams our executive producers on behalf 471 00:33:21,680 --> 00:33:26,440 Speaker 1: of iHeartRadio, with producers Trevor Young and Jesse Funk, Donald 472 00:33:26,480 --> 00:33:29,720 Speaker 1: albright In Payne Lindsay our executive producers on behalf of 473 00:33:29,760 --> 00:33:35,720 Speaker 1: Tenderfoot TV, alongside producer Tracy Kaplan. Our researcher is Carolyn Talmadge. 474 00:33:36,520 --> 00:33:40,080 Speaker 1: Original music by Makeup and Vanity Set. Find us on 475 00:33:40,160 --> 00:33:44,800 Speaker 1: social media or email us at facingevilpod at tenderfoot dot tv. 476 00:33:45,800 --> 00:33:49,680 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio or Tenderfoot TV, visit the 477 00:33:49,760 --> 00:33:53,840 Speaker 1: iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 478 00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:54,600 Speaker 1: favorite shows