WEBVTT - Lab 013: Predator

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Semester two perfect.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm t T and I'm Zachiah and from Spotify Studios.

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<v Speaker 1>This is Dope Labs. Summer's coming to a close. I

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<v Speaker 1>can't believe it. I feel like this whole year has

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<v Speaker 1>been like, yeah, it.

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<v Speaker 2>Was January, then I took a nap, and now it's September.

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<v Speaker 1>I just remember we were together and I was like,

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<v Speaker 1>it's so hot. I feel like everything is sticking to

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<v Speaker 1>everything else. We always complain when it's so hot in summer.

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<v Speaker 1>But then the other day I was like, falls back,

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<v Speaker 1>and we started looking for our parkas yes, and already

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<v Speaker 1>started complaining because there's a little yeah one day where

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<v Speaker 1>it was a little bit chili and then everybody was like,

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<v Speaker 1>oh uh uh, I thought chili, we mean below eighty

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<v Speaker 1>degrees with no humidity, and everybody was pissed. Yes, we're

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<v Speaker 1>always complaining. It's like it's too hot. We're complaining when

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<v Speaker 1>it's too hot, then we complain when it's too cold.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm gonna miss summer.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm a miss summer, but you know, I really cannot

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<v Speaker 2>stand mosquitoes, so that's something I'm not gonna miss.

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<v Speaker 1>I love you, Summer, but not your friend.

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<v Speaker 2>The mosquito right, because with summer comes mosquitos and I

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<v Speaker 2>get bit a lot.

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<v Speaker 1>You do you really struggle with that.

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<v Speaker 2>It doesn't matter how long I'm outside, I will have

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<v Speaker 2>at least eight to ten mosquitoes. That means if I'm

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<v Speaker 2>outside for two seconds, I'm gonna have eight to ten

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<v Speaker 2>mosquito bites. If I'm outside for an hour, I'm gonna

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<v Speaker 2>have at least eight to ten mosquito bikes.

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<v Speaker 1>I wish there was a cap on that like, and

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<v Speaker 1>then it will you know, once you stay outside five minutes,

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<v Speaker 1>you got your maximum mosquito bites, and then you can.

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<v Speaker 2>Just say mosquitos bite me through my clothes. So now

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<v Speaker 2>the routine is for me, before I put clothes on,

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<v Speaker 2>I have to spray myself with OFF. I put long

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<v Speaker 2>pants on, a long shirt on, and then I have

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<v Speaker 2>to spray the clothes.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh no.

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<v Speaker 2>And then I have to be wearing a hoodie because

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<v Speaker 2>I have to be able to pull the drawstrings so

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<v Speaker 2>that I can protect my neck. And then I also

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<v Speaker 2>have to spray off on my hands and tap it

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<v Speaker 2>on my face. Oh no, because these things, these mosquitos,

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<v Speaker 2>they are ruthless. They don't care about me or my

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<v Speaker 2>life or the places that I have to go into

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<v Speaker 2>things that I want to do.

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<v Speaker 1>They will bite me no matter what. That's why you

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<v Speaker 1>always sit inside when I'm grilling out.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, or I'll stand right next to the girl where

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<v Speaker 2>all the smoke is.

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<v Speaker 1>My friend is out here dressing like contagion. Help her somebody,

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<v Speaker 1>it's just awful. Like I'm itchy. I'm scratching my.

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<v Speaker 2>Arm right now because I have a mosquito bite, and

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<v Speaker 2>I have a mosquito bike. I have a mosquito bite

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<v Speaker 2>on my knee that I got this morning from walking

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<v Speaker 2>my dog.

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<v Speaker 1>You always have a tough time with mosquitoes.

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<v Speaker 2>But it's not just me. Joanna Simpkin. You know we

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<v Speaker 2>had her on episode eleven. Yes I look like they Yes,

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<v Speaker 2>And you know she's all things beauty And she posted

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<v Speaker 2>on her Instagram about these ankle bier mosquitos that are

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<v Speaker 2>in southern California because she just moved to southern California

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<v Speaker 2>and she is not happy.

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<v Speaker 1>And then she also posted.

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<v Speaker 2>A video of her legs and she has at least

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<v Speaker 2>six mosquito bites on each leg.

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<v Speaker 1>So you two shared the same condition.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, it's also not even just the bites, right, like

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<v Speaker 2>they're itchy and they're uncomfortable, and mine.

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<v Speaker 1>Swell up very, very big.

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<v Speaker 2>But it's also like these mosquitoes, they transmit diseases. And

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<v Speaker 2>there was a New York Times article that just came

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<v Speaker 2>out like a month or two ago that was talking

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<v Speaker 2>about how mosquitos are like the apex predator, that like

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<v Speaker 2>none of us, everybody's sleep, no one knows.

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<v Speaker 1>Everybody's out here thinking you're at the top of the

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<v Speaker 1>food chain, right, and we not. The skito's gonna kill

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<v Speaker 1>us all. Stay woke. You know what? This episode, we're

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<v Speaker 1>gonna put the mosquito in the microscope. Let's get into it,

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<v Speaker 1>all right. So we're at the recitation. So what we

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<v Speaker 1>know is.

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<v Speaker 2>Is that mosquitoes are everywhere, Yes, and some people get

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<v Speaker 2>bit more than others, but we don't know why.

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<v Speaker 1>But we also know that mosquitos can transmit diseases. So

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<v Speaker 1>what do we want to know? I guess there are

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<v Speaker 1>a couple of basic questions to start out with. Are

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<v Speaker 1>all mosquitoes created equal? Do they all have to feed

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<v Speaker 1>on blood? Right?

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<v Speaker 2>And do they need the blood to live or are

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<v Speaker 2>they just out here snacking on us?

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<v Speaker 1>Is it a power up? Like this is not my

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<v Speaker 1>basic diet. I'm having a steak.

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<v Speaker 2>Today, right, this is the protein powder I needed to

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<v Speaker 2>increase my muscle mass.

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<v Speaker 1>And I guess do all mosquitoes transmit disease? Right?

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<v Speaker 2>Is it specific species? Like different types of mosquitoes? Are

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<v Speaker 2>there different types of mosquitos? They all look the same

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<v Speaker 2>to me.

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<v Speaker 1>Are there any friendly mosquitos that just land and say

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<v Speaker 1>hello and fly away and don't bite.

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<v Speaker 2>That's a good question because I need to figure out

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<v Speaker 2>where they are because I need to move.

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<v Speaker 1>That's where you want to go.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, I want to know if the mosquitoes here in

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<v Speaker 2>the DC area are the same as the mosquitoes in California,

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<v Speaker 2>same mosquitos in the Midwest, same mosquitos in the South.

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<v Speaker 1>You want to know if there are regional mosquitoes.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and if they're the same or different. I feel

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<v Speaker 2>like they should be different because we have different climates.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah. Can the mosquito traveled that far?

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<v Speaker 2>Can the mosquito last a winter in Minnesota?

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<v Speaker 1>Do they migrate like birds? Hmm?

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<v Speaker 2>Now I've got a lot more questions. Yeah, and we

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<v Speaker 2>can how far can a mosquito fly?

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<v Speaker 1>And then what I want to know is what affects

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<v Speaker 1>the spread of disease by mosquito? Is off enough, is

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<v Speaker 1>deep enough? Are all mosquito blockers made the same? Do

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<v Speaker 1>you remember Avon skin so soft? Yes, people swore by it,

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<v Speaker 1>But was it really a mosquito repellent.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't think so.

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<v Speaker 2>Personally, I don't think Avon had that technology.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't remember ever saying mosquito repellent on it. I

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<v Speaker 1>think there's a lot of questions that we need answer.

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<v Speaker 1>Let's jump into the dissection.

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<v Speaker 2>So to help us figure out all of these questions

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<v Speaker 2>that we have about mosquitos, we called on doctor Lyric Bartholome.

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<v Speaker 3>I'm a professor at the University of Wisconsin Madison in

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<v Speaker 3>the School of Veterinary Medicine, and I'm a medical entomologist,

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<v Speaker 3>so I study bloodsuckers and the pathogens that they transmit.

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<v Speaker 2>The first thing that we learned from doctor Bartholome is

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<v Speaker 2>that not all mosquitoes feed on blood.

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<v Speaker 3>It's kind of cool to know that there are mosquitoes

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<v Speaker 3>that don't ever blood feed.

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<v Speaker 2>So you remember in Jurassic Park there was this mosquito

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<v Speaker 2>and it bit a dinosaur and then the tree sap

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<v Speaker 2>rolled on top of it and it encapsulated the mosquito,

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<v Speaker 2>and that's how they were able to preserve the mosquito.

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<v Speaker 2>Then take the blood out of the mosquito, and that's

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<v Speaker 2>how they made Jurassic Park.

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<v Speaker 1>Right.

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<v Speaker 3>The irony there is that mosquito never ever blood feeds,

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<v Speaker 3>so there's no way they got dinosaur blood.

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<v Speaker 1>That mosquito.

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<v Speaker 3>It's really beautiful to look at, but not one that

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<v Speaker 3>even blood feeds.

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<v Speaker 1>They didn't have any scientists consulting on that face. Seems

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<v Speaker 1>like they didn't.

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<v Speaker 2>That's why it's very important for all of these things

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<v Speaker 2>science fiction. You need more scientists.

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<v Speaker 1>So we know that not every species of mosquito feeds

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<v Speaker 1>on blood, and of those that do, only the female

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<v Speaker 1>does the biting, and.

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<v Speaker 3>They need the blood in order to make the mosquito

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<v Speaker 3>egg and every time she lays eggs, she could lay,

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<v Speaker 3>depending on the species, you know, one hundred plus eggs.

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<v Speaker 3>So they have this pretty awesome reproductive potential.

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<v Speaker 1>There's a lot of mosquito power. One mosquito can lay

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<v Speaker 1>one hundred eggs. Can you imagine?

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<v Speaker 2>That's what's happening in my backyard as we speak. I

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<v Speaker 2>feel like they're everywhere.

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<v Speaker 1>So now we know these are only female mosquitos biting us.

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<v Speaker 1>What happened to girl power? But the female mosquitoes can

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<v Speaker 1>be picky about the blood that they feed on. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it's not always human blood that they want. Have you

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<v Speaker 1>seen those videos on Instagram where the guy and the

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<v Speaker 1>girl in the car and basically they're saying a girlfriend

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<v Speaker 1>never knows what she wants to eat, she's a picky eater.

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<v Speaker 3>Yes that there are certain kinds of mosquitoes that are

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<v Speaker 3>really strictly bird feeders or frog feeders. Some even feed

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<v Speaker 3>on mudpuppies or little fish, so they're choosy about what

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<v Speaker 3>they feed on.

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<v Speaker 1>The blood isn't enough. The mosquitoes need more to live.

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<v Speaker 3>They feed on nectar sources and maybe some rotting fruit

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<v Speaker 3>and SAPs and things like that in order to fly

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<v Speaker 3>and walk around.

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<v Speaker 2>And so, I mean, I feel like maybe I'm being

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<v Speaker 2>a little selfish, but I have a really big problem

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<v Speaker 2>with mosquitos. Why me, Why Why are they biting me

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<v Speaker 2>more than they're biting what feels like everybody else.

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<v Speaker 3>We know that there are certain things that are universal attractants,

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<v Speaker 3>like carbon dioxide. So just the fact that their outdoors

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<v Speaker 3>breathing can be an attractant to a mosquito, warm bodies,

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<v Speaker 3>and sweat. Those are things that are universal attractants. But

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<v Speaker 3>we know too that there are people who are more

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<v Speaker 3>attractive than other people, and that probably I'm guessing, boils

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<v Speaker 3>down to the microbes on your skin in part, and

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<v Speaker 3>the kind of volatiles that they release, and also the

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<v Speaker 3>kinds of foods that you're eating. We know that that

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<v Speaker 3>there's a period of time after you eat a banana,

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<v Speaker 3>for example, that you might be more attractive to certain

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<v Speaker 3>kinds of mosquitoes.

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<v Speaker 1>When I was growing up, they used to say that

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<v Speaker 1>meant you had sweet blood. I believe that because I

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<v Speaker 1>am very nice.

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<v Speaker 2>People are always saying how nice I am to them

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<v Speaker 2>with your blood. You see, this is why mosquitos don't

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<v Speaker 2>bite you. She started yelling at me. I just wanted

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<v Speaker 2>to point that out. No one was yelling. Then, Tzakia,

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<v Speaker 2>here she is.

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<v Speaker 1>But then you always have those like huge mosquito bites.

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<v Speaker 1>When I get a bite, it's just like a little

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<v Speaker 1>bite here there. Why do you have a different reaction?

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<v Speaker 2>My mosquito bites get so big it looks like something

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<v Speaker 2>is trying to come out of my body.

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<v Speaker 1>What was the name of that movie, The Alien? It

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<v Speaker 1>was a grony weaver.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, when that thing started trying to come out the tummy,

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<v Speaker 2>that's how big my uh tell me, I sound like

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<v Speaker 2>a four year old. When that thing started trying to

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<v Speaker 2>come out of that that person's stomach. M that's what

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<v Speaker 2>my mosquito bites look like there. Use it usually looks

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<v Speaker 2>like I have a lemon under my skin.

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<v Speaker 1>What is causing that?

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<v Speaker 3>Your body is responding to mosquito saliva being introduced into

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<v Speaker 3>your body, So it's really the mosquito spit that your

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<v Speaker 3>body is responding to.

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<v Speaker 1>Now, there's one thing I know, and that's that our

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<v Speaker 1>bodies are smart and TT especially I know you think

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<v Speaker 1>your body is very smart. My body is a genius.

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<v Speaker 2>The T show cells. My T show cells never let

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<v Speaker 2>me down.

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<v Speaker 1>So I guess I'm wondering, can you build up some

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<v Speaker 1>type of response, so like where your body recognizes a

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<v Speaker 1>certain type of mosquito spit and you don't get a

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<v Speaker 1>big swelling lump.

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<v Speaker 2>Doctor Bartholamey says, Yeah, that can definitely happen.

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<v Speaker 3>And one of the things that we're seeing in DC

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<v Speaker 3>is is that there's been an invasion of a couple

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<v Speaker 3>of different kinds of mosquitoes. There and some mosquitoes that

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<v Speaker 3>are really voracious daytime feeders, and they're perhaps newer to

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<v Speaker 3>the area, and that could be one of the reasons

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<v Speaker 3>that you're having that kind of extreme response because your

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<v Speaker 3>body hasn't seen that before.

0:11:16.200 --> 0:11:18.240
<v Speaker 1>So there's hope. Tt it sounds like, you.

0:11:18.240 --> 0:11:22.720
<v Speaker 2>Know, maybe maybe you'll just gotta keep getting bit Oh

0:11:22.840 --> 0:11:24.320
<v Speaker 2>this sounds awful.

0:11:24.040 --> 0:11:26.040
<v Speaker 1>But next summer you're gonna be ready.

0:11:26.120 --> 0:11:31.280
<v Speaker 2>Unless a new species of mosquitos show up. Oh I'm not.

0:11:31.440 --> 0:11:34.360
<v Speaker 2>I'm not optimistic, not about this.

0:11:34.480 --> 0:11:37.959
<v Speaker 1>You gotta change your attitude. Okay, change your shoes.

0:11:38.080 --> 0:11:43.120
<v Speaker 2>Change the shoes, change your life, change life. Yes, mosquitoes

0:11:43.400 --> 0:11:46.640
<v Speaker 2>are biting us and they're annoying and everything like that,

0:11:46.720 --> 0:11:52.680
<v Speaker 2>but they do serve a purpose in the circle lot.

0:11:55.320 --> 0:12:00.880
<v Speaker 1>Okay, yes, you're right. You know. One of the main

0:12:00.960 --> 0:12:04.240
<v Speaker 1>things to know is that male mosquitos service pollinators.

0:12:04.440 --> 0:12:08.240
<v Speaker 2>And we also know that there are other animals that

0:12:08.320 --> 0:12:10.720
<v Speaker 2>feed on mosquitoes, so they're a good food source for

0:12:11.000 --> 0:12:13.080
<v Speaker 2>like fish.

0:12:12.240 --> 0:12:15.600
<v Speaker 1>And ducks and things like that. So we learned quite

0:12:15.600 --> 0:12:19.559
<v Speaker 1>a few things about mosquitos. We learned about their feeding patterns. Right,

0:12:19.640 --> 0:12:23.000
<v Speaker 1>that it's only female mosquitos that are biting us, and

0:12:23.040 --> 0:12:25.480
<v Speaker 1>that it could be the microbes on your skin you

0:12:25.520 --> 0:12:27.680
<v Speaker 1>need to change soap, and that I can't even breathe

0:12:27.679 --> 0:12:30.680
<v Speaker 1>outside without attracting them things. Let's take a break and

0:12:30.720 --> 0:12:32.600
<v Speaker 1>when we come back, we're going to talk about how

0:12:32.679 --> 0:12:49.600
<v Speaker 1>mosquitoes transmit disease. So before we get into mosquitoes and

0:12:49.600 --> 0:12:53.000
<v Speaker 1>mosquito born illnesses, let's introduce what we're talking about in

0:12:53.080 --> 0:12:56.520
<v Speaker 1>our next lab. Lab fourteen is all about the art

0:12:56.640 --> 0:12:59.719
<v Speaker 1>of the con We're going to dive into the neurobiology

0:12:59.760 --> 0:13:03.320
<v Speaker 1>being conned. Have you been scammed? Are you out here scamming?

0:13:03.600 --> 0:13:05.600
<v Speaker 1>Do you have a con story that we need to hear?

0:13:05.880 --> 0:13:07.760
<v Speaker 1>Call us, we want to hear it.

0:13:08.000 --> 0:13:09.400
<v Speaker 2>I know y'all are going to be saying all the

0:13:09.440 --> 0:13:10.160
<v Speaker 2>crazy things.

0:13:11.040 --> 0:13:13.000
<v Speaker 1>I'm following them on Instagram. I know some of them

0:13:13.040 --> 0:13:15.840
<v Speaker 1>are out here. Knick absolutely you can reach us at

0:13:15.880 --> 0:13:19.200
<v Speaker 1>two zero two five six seven seven zero two eight.

0:13:19.720 --> 0:13:22.520
<v Speaker 1>Let's get into it. So there's a reason that we

0:13:22.600 --> 0:13:26.120
<v Speaker 1>call the mosquito the apex predator because nearly seven hundred

0:13:26.160 --> 0:13:30.040
<v Speaker 1>million people get mosquito born illnesses each year, and out

0:13:30.040 --> 0:13:33.280
<v Speaker 1>of those seven hundred million, over one million results in death.

0:13:33.280 --> 0:13:35.319
<v Speaker 1>That's a lot of people. Some of the most common

0:13:35.360 --> 0:13:38.360
<v Speaker 1>mosquito born illnesses in the US are malaria, Dingay, and

0:13:38.440 --> 0:13:41.439
<v Speaker 1>West Nile. So we know that mosquitos can transmit disease.

0:13:41.840 --> 0:13:44.240
<v Speaker 1>Organisms that transmit disease are called vectors.

0:13:44.480 --> 0:13:46.839
<v Speaker 3>So we call a vector an insect or a tick

0:13:47.000 --> 0:13:51.040
<v Speaker 3>that can actively transmit a pathogen. So I do identify

0:13:51.080 --> 0:13:52.400
<v Speaker 3>as a vector biologist.

0:13:52.640 --> 0:13:55.599
<v Speaker 1>So you mentioned malaria is one of the diseases transmitted

0:13:55.640 --> 0:13:58.320
<v Speaker 1>by mosquitos, but there are other diseases too.

0:13:58.600 --> 0:14:02.680
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so let's start with arboviruses. So an arbovirus is

0:14:02.720 --> 0:14:06.280
<v Speaker 2>any virus that's transmitted by an arthropod vector.

0:14:06.559 --> 0:14:09.440
<v Speaker 3>Somebody decided to call them arboviruses as a kind of

0:14:09.520 --> 0:14:13.200
<v Speaker 3>conjunction of arthropod born viruses, so we just condensed the

0:14:13.200 --> 0:14:15.839
<v Speaker 3>word to arboviruses, not thinking about the people who work

0:14:15.880 --> 0:14:16.760
<v Speaker 3>on trees at all.

0:14:16.800 --> 0:14:22.840
<v Speaker 2>The most prominent examples of an arbovirus are dengay, chicken, Gunya, Westnow,

0:14:23.160 --> 0:14:23.960
<v Speaker 2>and Zica.

0:14:24.080 --> 0:14:27.960
<v Speaker 3>We have these arthropod born viruses transmitted by really specific

0:14:28.720 --> 0:14:33.840
<v Speaker 3>types of mosquitoes, and when they get into a person's body,

0:14:33.880 --> 0:14:36.280
<v Speaker 3>tend to make us really really sick.

0:14:36.480 --> 0:14:38.640
<v Speaker 1>So what are some of the symptoms.

0:14:38.280 --> 0:14:41.080
<v Speaker 3>You could get? Something called danngay fever, where you have

0:14:41.920 --> 0:14:46.120
<v Speaker 3>a really debilitating fever, sometimes like deep pain in your eyes,

0:14:46.280 --> 0:14:51.720
<v Speaker 3>terrible headache, sometimes rash across the body. Chicken gunya is

0:14:51.800 --> 0:14:54.960
<v Speaker 3>in a different group, but can equally make you really.

0:14:54.760 --> 0:14:55.320
<v Speaker 1>Really sick.

0:14:55.680 --> 0:14:58.760
<v Speaker 3>There's often a rash associated with getting chicken gunya and

0:14:59.360 --> 0:15:03.760
<v Speaker 3>terrible a arthritis, so pain in the joints that often

0:15:03.880 --> 0:15:05.520
<v Speaker 3>lasts and lingers for months.

0:15:05.600 --> 0:15:10.160
<v Speaker 1>So mosquitoes can't transmit marboviruses, but there are also other

0:15:10.200 --> 0:15:13.720
<v Speaker 1>mosquito born illnesses that aren't linked to viruses, like malaria,

0:15:13.880 --> 0:15:16.120
<v Speaker 1>So there's an important distinction to be made there, right.

0:15:16.600 --> 0:15:21.600
<v Speaker 2>Malaria is not the same as dengay or chicken gunya

0:15:21.720 --> 0:15:26.080
<v Speaker 2>or zica. Malaria is caused by another organism, yeah pathogen

0:15:26.160 --> 0:15:29.640
<v Speaker 2>called Plasmodium falciparum that sounds like something out of Harry

0:15:29.680 --> 0:15:32.320
<v Speaker 2>Potter when Gardia Leo saw.

0:15:34.400 --> 0:15:37.560
<v Speaker 3>We had malaria and we could still have malaria. We

0:15:37.640 --> 0:15:40.840
<v Speaker 3>have mosquitos across the United States that are what we

0:15:40.880 --> 0:15:43.800
<v Speaker 3>would call competent vectors. So if somebody were infected with

0:15:43.880 --> 0:15:49.440
<v Speaker 3>malaria parasites, there are Anopheles mosquitoes around in Wisconsin and

0:15:49.560 --> 0:15:54.000
<v Speaker 3>in DC and in LA that could get infected with

0:15:54.040 --> 0:15:57.440
<v Speaker 3>those parasites and transmit them to other people.

0:15:57.200 --> 0:16:00.280
<v Speaker 1>But is not as much of a threat if we

0:16:00.320 --> 0:16:03.760
<v Speaker 1>don't have people that already have malaria or already have dingay.

0:16:04.240 --> 0:16:08.240
<v Speaker 1>It sounds just like the vaccines. Yes, this is very

0:16:08.240 --> 0:16:11.160
<v Speaker 1>similar to herd immunity, which in this scenario would play

0:16:11.160 --> 0:16:14.840
<v Speaker 1>out as follows. If you lower the pool of people

0:16:14.880 --> 0:16:20.160
<v Speaker 1>who already have malaria or dingay or some other parasite

0:16:20.720 --> 0:16:24.640
<v Speaker 1>transmitted by mosquitoes, then when these mosquitoes that are available

0:16:24.640 --> 0:16:28.160
<v Speaker 1>in those regions go to feed, they don't pick up

0:16:28.200 --> 0:16:32.640
<v Speaker 1>the parasite. And I think doctor Bartholome also said that

0:16:32.800 --> 0:16:37.200
<v Speaker 1>some mosquitoes don't have all the things in them necessary

0:16:37.280 --> 0:16:40.040
<v Speaker 1>to be able to transmit the disease, so even when

0:16:40.040 --> 0:16:42.440
<v Speaker 1>they have a parasite or virus, they aren't able to

0:16:42.520 --> 0:16:43.000
<v Speaker 1>pass it on.

0:16:43.120 --> 0:16:44.960
<v Speaker 3>It's a really important point to make that there are

0:16:44.960 --> 0:16:49.200
<v Speaker 3>thirty six hundred different kinds of mosquito, but in any

0:16:49.280 --> 0:16:53.000
<v Speaker 3>one of the groups of mosquitoes they're in, maybe ten

0:16:53.080 --> 0:16:56.080
<v Speaker 3>percent of them are actually going to be able to

0:16:56.120 --> 0:16:57.240
<v Speaker 3>transmit a passogen.

0:16:57.360 --> 0:17:00.880
<v Speaker 1>So we just outlined the scenario for ill trade of purposes,

0:17:00.920 --> 0:17:04.600
<v Speaker 1>but it's way more complex than just one mosquito biting you,

0:17:05.040 --> 0:17:07.480
<v Speaker 1>going to the next person, biting them, and just spreading

0:17:07.720 --> 0:17:09.800
<v Speaker 1>West nalvirus everywhere they go. Right.

0:17:09.880 --> 0:17:12.560
<v Speaker 3>It's a process that takes a lot of time and

0:17:13.280 --> 0:17:16.720
<v Speaker 3>sort of intimate interactions between the virus and all of

0:17:16.760 --> 0:17:20.199
<v Speaker 3>the spaces it encounters inside the mosquito. And what we

0:17:20.280 --> 0:17:22.360
<v Speaker 3>found is there are a lot of mosquitoes that put

0:17:22.480 --> 0:17:27.440
<v Speaker 3>up walls or barriers to pathogens so that they maybe

0:17:27.480 --> 0:17:29.879
<v Speaker 3>get in with the blood, but they never get any further.

0:17:30.320 --> 0:17:32.679
<v Speaker 2>And there are just certain types of mosquitoes that are

0:17:33.080 --> 0:17:36.879
<v Speaker 2>more likely to transmit the disease, Like certain species of

0:17:36.920 --> 0:17:40.280
<v Speaker 2>mosquito transmit more parasites than others.

0:17:40.480 --> 0:17:44.240
<v Speaker 3>So we have mosquitoes like eighties agypdi for example, and

0:17:44.359 --> 0:17:48.560
<v Speaker 3>eighties albopictus. They really are what we call anthropophilic, so

0:17:48.600 --> 0:17:52.320
<v Speaker 3>they really like to feed on people. And then they're also,

0:17:53.000 --> 0:17:59.600
<v Speaker 3>it turns out physiologically really compatible with pathogens and so

0:17:59.680 --> 0:18:02.520
<v Speaker 3>can transmit a lot of different kinds of viruses.

0:18:02.600 --> 0:18:04.520
<v Speaker 1>So when we take all of this together, there's a

0:18:04.560 --> 0:18:07.200
<v Speaker 1>really important point to take away, and that's that we're

0:18:07.200 --> 0:18:10.640
<v Speaker 1>talking about all of the variables that have to be

0:18:11.080 --> 0:18:13.400
<v Speaker 1>just right in order for you to have the spread

0:18:13.520 --> 0:18:16.520
<v Speaker 1>or transmission of a mosquito born illness. So you need

0:18:16.600 --> 0:18:19.320
<v Speaker 1>first a competent vector, which is a mosquito of a

0:18:19.359 --> 0:18:23.160
<v Speaker 1>certain species. It then has to take up the parasite

0:18:23.280 --> 0:18:26.639
<v Speaker 1>or virus. And then even once it takes up the

0:18:26.680 --> 0:18:29.639
<v Speaker 1>parasite or virus, the life cycle of the parasite or

0:18:29.720 --> 0:18:32.080
<v Speaker 1>virus right to replicate and be a high enough load.

0:18:32.560 --> 0:18:36.840
<v Speaker 1>And then there's the transmission of biting someone and it

0:18:36.960 --> 0:18:41.119
<v Speaker 1>actually transmitting enough parasite or virus to cause that person

0:18:41.440 --> 0:18:42.080
<v Speaker 1>to be sick.

0:18:42.200 --> 0:18:44.720
<v Speaker 2>Right, So, if you're thinking of this like a Venn diagram,

0:18:45.040 --> 0:18:47.320
<v Speaker 2>there's a lot of bubbles that got to overlap in

0:18:47.400 --> 0:18:48.480
<v Speaker 2>order for this thing to hit.

0:18:48.760 --> 0:18:50.439
<v Speaker 1>But where could you go if you didn't want to

0:18:50.440 --> 0:18:51.280
<v Speaker 1>be bitten at all?

0:18:52.080 --> 0:18:54.560
<v Speaker 2>What doctor Bartholomann says is that I would have to

0:18:54.560 --> 0:18:59.240
<v Speaker 2>go to the Arctic farewell, mate, I.

0:18:59.240 --> 0:19:01.560
<v Speaker 3>Think the only part the world where there aren't mosquitoes

0:19:01.640 --> 0:19:05.919
<v Speaker 3>or the extreme poles. So we're all kind of faced

0:19:06.000 --> 0:19:09.479
<v Speaker 3>with issues of mosquitos and mosquito born disease wherever we

0:19:09.520 --> 0:19:10.640
<v Speaker 3>are on the planet.

0:19:10.720 --> 0:19:13.720
<v Speaker 2>But there is a difference in the types of mosquitoes

0:19:13.760 --> 0:19:16.840
<v Speaker 2>that are around depending on where you are, Like even

0:19:16.880 --> 0:19:18.000
<v Speaker 2>within the US.

0:19:17.800 --> 0:19:21.920
<v Speaker 3>Some mosquitoes are really tropical or subtropical species that cannot

0:19:22.000 --> 0:19:25.920
<v Speaker 3>stand like a Wisconsin winter, for example. And then there

0:19:25.920 --> 0:19:30.440
<v Speaker 3>are mosquitoes that can persist even through the polar vortex

0:19:30.520 --> 0:19:33.560
<v Speaker 3>that we experienced this last winter in Wisconsin.

0:19:33.640 --> 0:19:37.080
<v Speaker 2>In the southern States, it's Zeka and chicken gunya that

0:19:37.400 --> 0:19:38.680
<v Speaker 2>are more prevalent.

0:19:38.760 --> 0:19:43.320
<v Speaker 3>In places like Florida, for example, there's a real threat

0:19:43.640 --> 0:19:46.600
<v Speaker 3>because of the mosquitoes that are there that people can

0:19:46.640 --> 0:19:50.000
<v Speaker 3>be infected by things like danngey and zeka.

0:19:49.920 --> 0:19:52.840
<v Speaker 2>And west now is mostly in high plane states, so

0:19:52.920 --> 0:19:54.280
<v Speaker 2>in the Midwest.

0:19:53.920 --> 0:19:57.399
<v Speaker 3>In places where this one type of mosquito thrives, some

0:19:57.440 --> 0:20:00.920
<v Speaker 3>mosquito called Qelex tarsalis, which is a mosquito that lives

0:20:00.920 --> 0:20:05.280
<v Speaker 3>in really well in irrigation ditches. So you can imagine

0:20:05.280 --> 0:20:07.680
<v Speaker 3>then that any place that's kind of arid and needs

0:20:07.680 --> 0:20:10.920
<v Speaker 3>a lot of water for crops is going to be

0:20:10.960 --> 0:20:13.359
<v Speaker 3>a place where that mosquito will thrive. And it's a

0:20:13.400 --> 0:20:17.480
<v Speaker 3>particularly good vector or transmitter of West Nile virus.

0:20:17.560 --> 0:20:19.520
<v Speaker 1>I think we've hit a lot of really good points

0:20:19.520 --> 0:20:23.919
<v Speaker 1>here right. We've learned so much about just mosquitos in general.

0:20:24.280 --> 0:20:26.560
<v Speaker 1>I did not know that about the female mosquito.

0:20:26.280 --> 0:20:31.480
<v Speaker 2>Me either, and we learned about like how mosquito species

0:20:31.560 --> 0:20:35.120
<v Speaker 2>determines a lot of different things, disease transmission, what.

0:20:35.160 --> 0:20:37.439
<v Speaker 1>Kind of blood you're even going to feed on?

0:20:37.960 --> 0:20:40.560
<v Speaker 2>Right, But now I think what's important for us to

0:20:40.600 --> 0:20:43.000
<v Speaker 2>find out is how do we get these mosquitoes to

0:20:43.160 --> 0:20:43.880
<v Speaker 2>not bite us?

0:20:44.040 --> 0:20:46.720
<v Speaker 1>Yeah? How do we keep these transmission rates down?

0:20:46.960 --> 0:20:49.600
<v Speaker 2>Doctor Bartholemey says that the focus right now is on

0:20:49.640 --> 0:20:52.920
<v Speaker 2>what they call vector control, want approaches to use chemicals

0:20:52.920 --> 0:20:54.800
<v Speaker 2>to kill the insect and their larvae.

0:20:55.119 --> 0:20:57.879
<v Speaker 3>Just yesterday, I was out in the field in Milwaukee

0:20:57.920 --> 0:21:00.639
<v Speaker 3>with a team of people that work in our in

0:21:00.680 --> 0:21:03.639
<v Speaker 3>our center here at UW, and we were trying to

0:21:03.680 --> 0:21:07.000
<v Speaker 3>control the mosquitos the transmit West Nile virus. So we

0:21:07.000 --> 0:21:10.800
<v Speaker 3>were throwing marvasides, so things that kill the mosquito larvae

0:21:11.119 --> 0:21:14.080
<v Speaker 3>down into the into the storm drains.

0:21:14.200 --> 0:21:17.399
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, we had to delay our interview a day because

0:21:17.400 --> 0:21:20.119
<v Speaker 1>she was out there beaten the feet, beaten the streets

0:21:20.119 --> 0:21:22.080
<v Speaker 1>with her feet. What is it called beat the foot

0:21:22.080 --> 0:21:24.879
<v Speaker 1>to pavement? It doesn't matter. She was out she was

0:21:25.760 --> 0:21:29.760
<v Speaker 1>on the ground doing some vector control. And another approach,

0:21:30.280 --> 0:21:33.800
<v Speaker 1>which feels a little counterintuitive, is to actually protect the mosquito.

0:21:34.119 --> 0:21:37.480
<v Speaker 1>In this case, you're protecting the mosquito from arboviruses.

0:21:37.800 --> 0:21:41.320
<v Speaker 3>There's some really exciting technology where we can release mosquitoes

0:21:41.320 --> 0:21:45.040
<v Speaker 3>that are infected with a bacterium called well Bakia, and

0:21:45.720 --> 0:21:49.480
<v Speaker 3>when those mosquitoes have that bacteria in their bodies, they're

0:21:49.760 --> 0:21:51.840
<v Speaker 3>more resistant to virus infection.

0:21:52.040 --> 0:21:54.680
<v Speaker 2>The third type of vector control is using crisper, which

0:21:54.680 --> 0:21:58.360
<v Speaker 2>we've mentioned in another episode, and it's a gene editing technology.

0:21:58.640 --> 0:22:02.480
<v Speaker 3>We're talking to about how that could apply to controlling

0:22:02.480 --> 0:22:06.639
<v Speaker 3>mosquitos or controlling mosquito born pathogens so that the virus

0:22:06.680 --> 0:22:09.160
<v Speaker 3>can't bind with a gut and get through.

0:22:09.359 --> 0:22:13.520
<v Speaker 2>So really the solution is not an ore, it's an

0:22:13.560 --> 0:22:17.080
<v Speaker 2>and yes, we need all of these things going at

0:22:17.080 --> 0:22:19.680
<v Speaker 2>the same time in order for it to really work.

0:22:19.880 --> 0:22:22.480
<v Speaker 3>We really strongly advocate for a kind of what we

0:22:22.560 --> 0:22:26.360
<v Speaker 3>call integrated approach, where you would think about using multiple

0:22:26.400 --> 0:22:30.680
<v Speaker 3>types of controls so that you're not pushing for ever

0:22:30.760 --> 0:22:34.560
<v Speaker 3>developing resistance in the mosquito or the pathogen that it transmits.

0:22:34.640 --> 0:22:36.879
<v Speaker 2>So that's what scientists are doing to help with controlling

0:22:37.080 --> 0:22:41.280
<v Speaker 2>mosquito born illnesses. But what can we do It's really

0:22:41.320 --> 0:22:43.960
<v Speaker 2>all about buckspray and if you're me a lot of

0:22:44.040 --> 0:22:45.240
<v Speaker 2>extra layers of clothes.

0:22:45.480 --> 0:22:48.640
<v Speaker 3>We don't have vaccine preventatives, and so the real way

0:22:48.720 --> 0:22:52.159
<v Speaker 3>to intervene is to keep yourself from getting fed on

0:22:52.240 --> 0:22:55.080
<v Speaker 3>by the mosquitos that can transmit the virus. Deet is

0:22:56.200 --> 0:22:59.440
<v Speaker 3>tried and true and proven as a repellent for many

0:22:59.560 --> 0:23:02.320
<v Speaker 3>many differ friend species, and in the testing they usually

0:23:02.359 --> 0:23:05.000
<v Speaker 3>test against, you know, sort of a suite of three

0:23:05.080 --> 0:23:06.639
<v Speaker 3>or four different kinds of mosquitoes.

0:23:06.720 --> 0:23:11.040
<v Speaker 2>I always thought that deep and bugspray and stuff like that,

0:23:11.160 --> 0:23:13.440
<v Speaker 2>it was that when the bug lands on you, it's

0:23:13.520 --> 0:23:17.119
<v Speaker 2>just like, oh, this is nasty. But she said it

0:23:17.200 --> 0:23:19.919
<v Speaker 2>just can't recognize you as a food source, like it

0:23:19.960 --> 0:23:21.840
<v Speaker 2>confuses them those chemicals.

0:23:22.160 --> 0:23:25.960
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, well it's a little bit. That's the that's the confusion, right, Oh, okay,

0:23:25.960 --> 0:23:28.639
<v Speaker 1>it's confusing it so it doesn't say this is an

0:23:28.680 --> 0:23:30.760
<v Speaker 1>attractive source that I should maybe try to bite.

0:23:30.800 --> 0:23:32.280
<v Speaker 3>And I know there are a lot of people who

0:23:32.320 --> 0:23:34.200
<v Speaker 3>don't like it. You can find a lot of things

0:23:34.240 --> 0:23:39.440
<v Speaker 3>on the internet about deet having adverse sort of side effects.

0:23:39.520 --> 0:23:42.760
<v Speaker 3>I think the important thing is to use the EPA

0:23:42.880 --> 0:23:46.760
<v Speaker 3>decision making tree to figure out which type of product

0:23:46.800 --> 0:23:47.840
<v Speaker 3>works best for you.

0:23:47.920 --> 0:23:50.520
<v Speaker 1>Let's end you this text message about the article that

0:23:50.600 --> 0:23:53.720
<v Speaker 1>show that. You know, people say deep is really harmful,

0:23:53.760 --> 0:23:56.760
<v Speaker 1>so you shouldn't use it in high amounts. But me

0:23:56.840 --> 0:24:00.159
<v Speaker 1>and my house we will stick to deep because mosquito

0:24:00.440 --> 0:24:03.439
<v Speaker 1>have what's similar to taste receptors on their feet, so

0:24:03.480 --> 0:24:07.040
<v Speaker 1>when they land, they taste the deep and it's like ugh,

0:24:07.320 --> 0:24:09.160
<v Speaker 1>it's bitter, and they leave and they don't come back,

0:24:09.200 --> 0:24:11.479
<v Speaker 1>and they don't. So they not only do they they

0:24:11.560 --> 0:24:16.680
<v Speaker 1>land and leave right whereas other mosquito repellents don't have

0:24:16.760 --> 0:24:21.720
<v Speaker 1>that strong response. The mosquitoes don't have that strong negative response,

0:24:21.760 --> 0:24:24.280
<v Speaker 1>so they will still land, but it just they're not

0:24:24.520 --> 0:24:27.840
<v Speaker 1>as tempted to bite. I don't want you to land.

0:24:27.800 --> 0:24:30.359
<v Speaker 2>Or bite Okay, I don't want you to touch me

0:24:30.440 --> 0:24:31.840
<v Speaker 2>and I don't want you to bite me.

0:24:32.040 --> 0:24:33.720
<v Speaker 1>I want when you land on me. I wanted to

0:24:33.760 --> 0:24:36.600
<v Speaker 1>be like landing on cement. You're saying nothing here, nothing

0:24:36.640 --> 0:24:39.520
<v Speaker 1>to see here, and move along. And one of my

0:24:39.800 --> 0:24:43.600
<v Speaker 1>favorite home remedies. All you entomologies out there, listen up.

0:24:43.680 --> 0:24:46.480
<v Speaker 1>The kids got the cure. No, I'm not standing the care.

0:24:46.640 --> 0:24:50.560
<v Speaker 1>I'm saying as an everyday person, and you're you know

0:24:50.680 --> 0:24:53.000
<v Speaker 1>you have a backyard or you have a front yard,

0:24:53.040 --> 0:24:56.240
<v Speaker 1>depending on where you live, if there is any standing

0:24:56.280 --> 0:24:58.960
<v Speaker 1>water to get rid of it. Do you have kids

0:24:59.000 --> 0:25:00.760
<v Speaker 1>toys and it's a dump truck and it's got a

0:25:00.800 --> 0:25:03.560
<v Speaker 1>little thing in the back and there's just standing water.

0:25:03.640 --> 0:25:06.200
<v Speaker 1>Get rid of any standing water that you can turn

0:25:06.240 --> 0:25:08.400
<v Speaker 1>those things, turn those chairs upside down.

0:25:08.760 --> 0:25:11.720
<v Speaker 2>And what I just found out because of the stuff

0:25:11.720 --> 0:25:13.840
<v Speaker 2>that doctor bartholow Me was saying, is that it's probably

0:25:13.840 --> 0:25:16.320
<v Speaker 2>my compost bind that I have in the backyard that

0:25:16.480 --> 0:25:19.959
<v Speaker 2>is attracting all of those mosquitos because they're getting nectar

0:25:20.119 --> 0:25:23.800
<v Speaker 2>from the rotting fruits and veggies that I put in there.

0:25:23.840 --> 0:25:25.520
<v Speaker 2>You put a lot of fruit in there, I do,

0:25:26.040 --> 0:25:28.000
<v Speaker 2>And so maybe I need to get a different type

0:25:28.000 --> 0:25:31.440
<v Speaker 2>of compost bin, one that's closed that I can use

0:25:31.480 --> 0:25:33.480
<v Speaker 2>like a crank on the side to just rotate.

0:25:33.119 --> 0:25:35.760
<v Speaker 1>It and steal it off. And I feel like I

0:25:35.880 --> 0:25:36.360
<v Speaker 1>just got.

0:25:36.160 --> 0:25:38.720
<v Speaker 2>A mosquito, but you probably did. It's probably mosquitos in

0:25:38.800 --> 0:25:39.200
<v Speaker 2>the house.

0:25:40.280 --> 0:25:46.760
<v Speaker 1>They going to Daisy's bread. Daisy, close your mouth. Well,

0:25:46.960 --> 0:25:48.159
<v Speaker 1>now I know what I need to do.

0:25:48.440 --> 0:25:52.320
<v Speaker 2>One thing that I know is that I'm probably always

0:25:52.359 --> 0:25:54.560
<v Speaker 2>going to be bit by mosquitos. But my reaction to

0:25:54.600 --> 0:25:57.720
<v Speaker 2>them will probably be different every year.

0:25:58.160 --> 0:26:02.600
<v Speaker 1>It's really interesting that the swell that we see and say, oh,

0:26:02.600 --> 0:26:05.040
<v Speaker 1>this is a mosquito bite that's caused by the spit,

0:26:05.240 --> 0:26:06.679
<v Speaker 1>not the action of them biting you.

0:26:06.840 --> 0:26:09.520
<v Speaker 2>So it's like the itching and the swelling and the

0:26:09.680 --> 0:26:10.840
<v Speaker 2>warm feeling.

0:26:10.840 --> 0:26:13.679
<v Speaker 1>That's all a reaction. Do I need to take more? Benejo?

0:26:14.520 --> 0:26:17.280
<v Speaker 1>You got a strong immune system? You said it. Your

0:26:17.280 --> 0:26:20.320
<v Speaker 1>immune system is on overload. But now I'm gonna check

0:26:20.320 --> 0:26:23.080
<v Speaker 1>your bug spray and make sure that it has deep Yeah,

0:26:23.119 --> 0:26:29.439
<v Speaker 1>I definitely don't have deep buckspray. Girl. I think the

0:26:29.480 --> 0:26:32.320
<v Speaker 1>really interesting thing for me was to learn all the

0:26:32.359 --> 0:26:36.840
<v Speaker 1>stuff that scientists are doing and public health officials are

0:26:36.880 --> 0:26:39.280
<v Speaker 1>doing to keep the transmission rates low. I did not

0:26:39.440 --> 0:26:42.280
<v Speaker 1>know people were out here pouring that stuff down into

0:26:42.280 --> 0:26:42.960
<v Speaker 1>the storm drain.

0:26:43.240 --> 0:26:46.600
<v Speaker 2>It's wild, and scientists are really doing a lot of

0:26:46.840 --> 0:26:49.639
<v Speaker 2>important work out there, work that I didn't even know

0:26:49.680 --> 0:26:50.280
<v Speaker 2>what's happening.

0:26:50.400 --> 0:26:52.399
<v Speaker 1>I'm glad it's happening, and it makes sense if we

0:26:52.480 --> 0:26:55.119
<v Speaker 1>know that the mosquitos are laying eggs and standing water

0:26:55.320 --> 0:26:58.160
<v Speaker 1>are an apex predator. You got to get them out

0:26:58.160 --> 0:26:58.400
<v Speaker 1>of here.

0:26:59.119 --> 0:27:03.159
<v Speaker 2>And I think what was most interesting for me was learning, like,

0:27:03.520 --> 0:27:05.720
<v Speaker 2>how many different types.

0:27:05.359 --> 0:27:06.560
<v Speaker 1>Of mosquitos are out there.

0:27:06.680 --> 0:27:08.679
<v Speaker 2>I had no idea that there were so many different

0:27:08.720 --> 0:27:11.120
<v Speaker 2>types if you would ask me out said, they're probably two.

0:27:11.480 --> 0:27:12.400
<v Speaker 1>Oh my goodness.

0:27:12.600 --> 0:27:15.520
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, the ones that have betten me and the ones

0:27:15.560 --> 0:27:19.879
<v Speaker 2>that have not been me. But it's so interesting to

0:27:19.920 --> 0:27:22.439
<v Speaker 2>know that there are some mosquitos out there that really

0:27:22.560 --> 0:27:23.680
<v Speaker 2>mean me no harm.

0:27:23.760 --> 0:27:26.200
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, so there's hope they won't bite you at all.

0:27:27.320 --> 0:27:29.000
<v Speaker 1>You can come outside, Bubba Girl.

0:27:45.680 --> 0:27:47.640
<v Speaker 2>Don't forget to check out our website for a cheat

0:27:47.640 --> 0:27:50.320
<v Speaker 2>sheet on today's episode. You can find it and sign

0:27:50.359 --> 0:27:53.440
<v Speaker 2>up for our newsletter at Dope labspodcast dot com.

0:27:53.119 --> 0:27:55.879
<v Speaker 1>And keep calling us. We love hearing from you. What

0:27:55.880 --> 0:27:58.720
<v Speaker 1>did you think about today's episode? Share your story with us.

0:27:58.960 --> 0:28:01.760
<v Speaker 1>Our number is two zero two five six seven seven

0:28:01.880 --> 0:28:04.960
<v Speaker 1>zero two eight. That's two zero two five six seven

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<v Speaker 1>seven zero two eight.

0:28:06.800 --> 0:28:08.960
<v Speaker 2>You can find us on Twitter and Instagram at Dope

0:28:09.040 --> 0:28:10.280
<v Speaker 2>Labs podcast.

0:28:10.080 --> 0:28:13.560
<v Speaker 1>Tt is on Twitter at d R Underscore t Sho,

0:28:14.000 --> 0:28:17.320
<v Speaker 1>and you can find Zakia at z said So. And

0:28:17.359 --> 0:28:19.359
<v Speaker 1>if you do love the show, don't forget to follow

0:28:19.440 --> 0:28:22.640
<v Speaker 1>us on Spotify or wherever else you listen to podcasts.

0:28:22.840 --> 0:28:26.040
<v Speaker 2>Special thanks today to our guest doctor Lyric Bartholome. You

0:28:26.040 --> 0:28:27.919
<v Speaker 2>can learn more about her and the show notes.

0:28:28.080 --> 0:28:31.240
<v Speaker 1>Our producer is Jenny Rattlup. Mass mixing and sound designed

0:28:31.280 --> 0:28:34.840
<v Speaker 1>by Hannes Brown. Special thanks this week to Zoe Sullivan.

0:28:35.040 --> 0:28:38.600
<v Speaker 2>Original theme music by Takea Yasuzawa and Alex Sugi Eurra

0:28:38.800 --> 0:28:42.360
<v Speaker 2>Additional music by Elijah Alex Harvey. Dope Labs is a

0:28:42.360 --> 0:28:45.680
<v Speaker 2>production of Spotify Studios and Mega Owned Media Group, and

0:28:45.880 --> 0:28:49.120
<v Speaker 2>it's executive produced by us T T show Dia.

0:28:49.000 --> 0:28:55.240
<v Speaker 1>And Zakiah Wattley. Narthur pod is an animal that's part

0:28:55.280 --> 0:29:00.440
<v Speaker 1>of a larger group called arthur Potta and that includes insects, fighters,

0:29:00.680 --> 0:29:03.920
<v Speaker 1>and crustaceans. And this is where I have my problem.

0:29:04.120 --> 0:29:07.480
<v Speaker 1>Why are insects and spiders and crustaceans grouped together? Is

0:29:07.480 --> 0:29:08.680
<v Speaker 1>a lobster a sea roach?

0:29:08.920 --> 0:29:13.160
<v Speaker 2>I think that that we can't say that a lobster

0:29:13.240 --> 0:29:13.960
<v Speaker 2>is a sea roach.

0:29:14.120 --> 0:29:17.320
<v Speaker 1>We can't. You're right. I think a shrimp is a

0:29:17.360 --> 0:29:24.000
<v Speaker 1>sea roach. That has to be the eastern end. Oh

0:29:24.120 --> 0:29:27.080
<v Speaker 1>my gosh.