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Speaker 1: Pretty much all the stuff that we're made out of.

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Speaker 1: Me and you and cats are made out of quarks

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Speaker 1: and electronics. We cats are made out of something strange though, right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: some people sinspect cats come from another dimension. We made

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Speaker 1: little weird particles, and that would explain a lot um.

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Speaker 1: But so far, everything that we've ever interacted with, all

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Speaker 1: the history of science, everything we've been studying for hundreds

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Speaker 1: of years, um is only studied stuff that's made out

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Speaker 1: of quarks and electrons. And so for a long time

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Speaker 1: we thought, well, maybe everything's made out of cork and electrons. Right,

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Speaker 1: We've never seen anything else. Hi, I'm Daniel and I

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Speaker 1: and this is Daniel and Jorge Explain the universe. Today

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Speaker 1: we're going to talk about dark matter. What is dark

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Speaker 1: matter anyway? How dark is it? Does it really matter?

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Speaker 1: I mean, who cares? Right, Well, hopefully they care because

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Speaker 1: they clicked on the podcast. Well, dark matter certainly matters

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Speaker 1: to us, and so today we'll be talking about all

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Speaker 1: the interesting things about dark matter, all the mysteries and

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Speaker 1: amazing facts that we've know and don't know about dark matter.

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Speaker 1: So what do you think dark matter is? We went

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Speaker 1: out in the street and we asked people what they thought.

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Speaker 1: Here's what they had to say. Ah, I don't remember.

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Speaker 1: It's like black holes, right and stuff like that. Lava,

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Speaker 1: I don't know. I'm thinking it's like this dark mass

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Speaker 1: that I have no idea what's in it, but it's

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Speaker 1: just a dark mass. Cool. Wow. People have some pretty

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Speaker 1: interesting ideas about what dark matter is and what dark

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Speaker 1: matter isn't so I think it's pretty good that we're

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Speaker 1: going through this to explain all the details of dark matter. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and it's interesting that most people seem to have heard

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Speaker 1: of it, but people sort of don't quite have a

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Speaker 1: good grasp of it. Well. I think there's also a

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Speaker 1: lot of abuse of the phrase dark matter you see

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Speaker 1: in science fiction. It's the title of several albums and

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Speaker 1: bands that have nothing to do with dark matter. So

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Speaker 1: it sort of entered like the pops popular lexicon without

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Speaker 1: carrying along with the possibles. I would like a dark

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Speaker 1: matter popsicle. Um, it's under the popular lexicon without sort

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Speaker 1: of carrying along with it what it actually means. So

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Speaker 1: this phrase which exists in the language, and it's been

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Speaker 1: stripped of scientific meeting and lots of content. I know

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Speaker 1: that I've read a lot of science fiction novels that

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Speaker 1: talk about dark matter title dark matter and have nothing

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Speaker 1: to do with dark matter. Right, So it's just two

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Speaker 1: words that are tailor made for like science fiction, right,

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Speaker 1: dark and like matter. You know, like that's a great triumph.

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Speaker 1: It's a great triumph of marketing. Right, it's an awesome

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Speaker 1: sounding theory. Yeah. Yeah, secured those jobs for those physicists,

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Speaker 1: that's right, that's how we get paid. Yeah, coming up

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Speaker 1: with cool names for theories. Well, we came up with

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Speaker 1: the list of the four things you should know about

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Speaker 1: dark matter, and the first thing you should know about

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Speaker 1: dark matter is that it's a different kind of matter

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Speaker 1: than what you and me and Daniel are made out of. So, Daniel,

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Speaker 1: what does that mean that it's a different kind of matter.

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Speaker 1: That's a great question. Well, to answer that, we really

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Speaker 1: have to think for a moment about what we're made

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Speaker 1: out of. Right, I'm made out of particles. You're made

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Speaker 1: out of particles. This chair I'm sitting on his mating

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Speaker 1: out of particles. Everything we know pretty much is made

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Speaker 1: out of particles. Particles like atoms. Yeah, particles inside atoms.

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Speaker 1: So you have the molecules your body is made out of,

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Speaker 1: and those are made out of atoms like hydrogen and

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Speaker 1: lithium and that kind of crazy stuff. And inside those

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Speaker 1: are smaller particles protons and neutrons and electrons, and inside those,

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Speaker 1: generally down even further are quarks. Everything in the universe, um,

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Speaker 1: everything out there that we've seen is made out of

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Speaker 1: these things quarks, electric right, that's right, it's the stuff

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Speaker 1: we can see, and and we what can we see

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Speaker 1: where we can see stuff that sends us light like stars.

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Speaker 1: We can see stuff that reflects light, like gas and

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Speaker 1: dust and and stuff like that that reflects light from

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Speaker 1: other stars, like the moon. Right, the moon doesn't give

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Speaker 1: off its own light, it's not doesn't shine, but we

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Speaker 1: see it in the sky because it reflects the light

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Speaker 1: from the sun. So it's something that we can see.

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Speaker 1: It's a kind of matter. We know, we understand it.

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Speaker 1: I can think about everything's made out of these three things.

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Speaker 1: But dark matter is something different, right, dark matter is

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Speaker 1: something else. It's a different kind of matter. It's not

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Speaker 1: made out of quirks and electrons. And there are even

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Speaker 1: other weird kind of quirks that we discovered, like by

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Speaker 1: smashing particles together. And we know dark matter is not

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Speaker 1: made out of any of those, something of any kind

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Speaker 1: of quirks or even weird kind of electrons. It's something else,

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Speaker 1: something different, something new that we don't know what that is.

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Speaker 1: We don't know what that is at all. We don't

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Speaker 1: know if it's another kind of particle. We don't know,

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Speaker 1: if it's a weird new kind of matter, this not

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Speaker 1: made out of particles. We don't know, if it's something

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Speaker 1: we haven't even imagined yet. That's my personal fantasy is

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Speaker 1: I hope that when we do figure out what dark

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Speaker 1: matter is, it totally blows our minds and turns out

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Speaker 1: to be something that even science fiction writers that never

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Speaker 1: thought of. That would be my my favorite scenario. So

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Speaker 1: it's something that's made out of something entirely different than us.

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Speaker 1: But there's a lot of it. And that's the second

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Speaker 1: thing you should know about that we wrote down we

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Speaker 1: should you should know about dark matter, which is that

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Speaker 1: there's a ton of it in the universe and it's

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Speaker 1: all around us. That's right. Dark matter is everywhere. So

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Speaker 1: people talk about dark matter like, oh, it's it's weird

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Speaker 1: stuff out in space, or these other galaxies have dark matter,

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Speaker 1: But dark matter is all around us. It's there's a

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Speaker 1: huge blob of it in the center of our galaxy,

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Speaker 1: and then there's a big diffuse cloud of it that's

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Speaker 1: that envelops the entire galaxy and pretty much every galaxy

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Speaker 1: out there. Dark matter is matter. It's stuff, right, And

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Speaker 1: when we say it's matter, we mean that it feels gravity.

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Speaker 1: And that's actually how we figured out that it's there.

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Speaker 1: After all, matter something that feels gravity. But wait back

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Speaker 1: up a second. So it's it's like there's blobs of

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Speaker 1: it floating out in space. Is that is that kind

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Speaker 1: of what we know about dark matter, Like it floats

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Speaker 1: and blobs. Dark matter definitely forms blobs because it feels gravity,

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Speaker 1: and like anything else, things that feel gravity are going

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Speaker 1: to slowly accumulate and pull themselves together. So just like

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Speaker 1: normal matter, you know, the gas and the dust pulled

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Speaker 1: themselves together to form stars and galaxies, dark matter also

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Speaker 1: pulls itself together and form these big blobs. So those

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Speaker 1: blobs aren't like out there in space, they're on top

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Speaker 1: of us. They're here with us. If you lift up

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Speaker 1: your hand right now and wave it all around, you're

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Speaker 1: passing through a huge blob of dark matter that's there

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Speaker 1: in your living room or kitchen or car or wherever

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Speaker 1: you happen to be. It's like in the air around us, Um,

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Speaker 1: what does that mean? Like, it's like it's in the

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Speaker 1: space between regular particles. It's here with us, and there's

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Speaker 1: a lot of space between particles. Right, particles are super

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Speaker 1: duper super tiny, and if you don't feel a force

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Speaker 1: that the particles are pushing back on you with, then

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Speaker 1: you can't even tell that they're there. There's lots of

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Speaker 1: examples of that. For example, there's a lot of neutrinos

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Speaker 1: that pass right through your body all the time. There's

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Speaker 1: a hundred billion neutrinos passed through your fingernail every second.

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Speaker 1: You can't feel them, um, And they just zip right

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Speaker 1: through and don't even notice you. And the reason is

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Speaker 1: that they don't have any way to talk to you.

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Speaker 1: So if you can't communicate with them, you can't. There's

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Speaker 1: no way for you to push them or pull them,

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Speaker 1: or for them to push your pull you. You can't

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Speaker 1: even tell them they're You just walk right through them

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Speaker 1: the way you walk through an empty room. So you're saying,

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Speaker 1: we're sort of swimming in dark matter. Absolutely, we're almost

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Speaker 1: drowning in it, because there's more dark matter than normal matter.

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Speaker 1: So there's your room that you're sitting in has five

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Speaker 1: times as much dark matter as it has air in it.

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Speaker 1: For example, it's five of all the energy in the

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Speaker 1: universe is normal stuff, and then something like is dark matter.

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Speaker 1: So it's like, you know, one sixth of all the

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Speaker 1: stuff that's in the universe, of all the matter that's

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Speaker 1: in the universe, is what we used to call normal matter,

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Speaker 1: and the rest of it is dark matter. And that's

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Speaker 1: mind blowing to discover that what you thought was typical,

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Speaker 1: we thought was normal, what you thought you know was

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Speaker 1: the basic unit of the universe turns out to be

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Speaker 1: a little extra bit. You know. It's like we've been

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Speaker 1: eating the frosting and ignoring the cake, right, or we've

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Speaker 1: been like focusing on the tail and ignoring the whole elephant.

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Speaker 1: I have so many questions for you, but before we

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Speaker 1: dive in, let's take a short break. So dark matter

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Speaker 1: doesn't feel electromagnetism. And we know that because we know

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Speaker 1: it's there, but we don't see it. Right, that's what

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Speaker 1: we mean by see it and feel it. So that's

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Speaker 1: what it's called dark right, It's you can't see it

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Speaker 1: exactly that's just what we mean by dark that awesome

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Speaker 1: marketing campaign of dark matter. That's the concept behind dark.

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Speaker 1: Dark meaning we don't see it or feel it is

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Speaker 1: right by it doesn't care. That's right. Yeah, But then

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Speaker 1: you might wonder, like, well, if we can't interact with

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Speaker 1: it at all, how could we possibly know it's there? Right?

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Speaker 1: If you can't feel it or see it in any way,

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Speaker 1: is it not just some fantasy some speculations, and like

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Speaker 1: why should we care, Like if we can't see it

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Speaker 1: or touch it, why why is it important to the universe?

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Speaker 1: That's right? And so there is one way we can

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Speaker 1: interact with dark matter, and that's through gravity. Dark matter

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Speaker 1: is and that's the matter part of it, right, dark

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Speaker 1: meaning we can't see it. Matter meaning it has stuff

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Speaker 1: to it has gravity, and we know that it's a matter.

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Speaker 1: We know it's made of something and it does have gravity.

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Speaker 1: That's what matters is kind of defined as stuff that

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Speaker 1: feels gravity and has mass. Yeah, exactly. That's what makes

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Speaker 1: matter matter, is that it has some stuff to it,

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Speaker 1: some mass to it, and anything that has mass to

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Speaker 1: it is going to feel gravity. Okay, it's true that

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Speaker 1: we can't feel or see dark matter because it doesn't

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Speaker 1: have any electromagnetism, but it does have gravity, and so

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Speaker 1: we can detect it. But because gravity is so weak,

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Speaker 1: it takes enormous amounts of dark matter for us to notice.

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Speaker 1: So kind of actually that there's so much dark Like

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Speaker 1: even if there's a blob of dark matter right in

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Speaker 1: front of me, I know I can't see it or

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Speaker 1: touch it because it doesn't feel like your mignety forces. Um,

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Speaker 1: but I know that you're telling me that I have

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Speaker 1: like a gravity relationship with this blob, right, But it's

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Speaker 1: super right. It's I don't even feel the gravity from

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Speaker 1: this blob. There's definitely gravity between you and that room

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Speaker 1: full of dark matter. Okay, And depending on what your

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Speaker 1: math is, we don't have to say on that head. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: even if you're a super massive guy who never left

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Speaker 1: the house or massively cool, right or just massively funny

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Speaker 1: and that's how weird, right, Like, um, like I have

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Speaker 1: a gravity relationship with the error around me, have a

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Speaker 1: gravity relationship with the like the microphone in front of me,

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Speaker 1: with the table in front of me, with the car

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Speaker 1: when I'm driving, But you just don't really feel that

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Speaker 1: gravity relationship, right, That's right, You can't tell. It's drowned

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Speaker 1: out by everything else in your life, and so you

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Speaker 1: don't even notice. So you know, you can act like

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Speaker 1: there's no gravitational force between you and the chair in

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Speaker 1: front of you, because it's almost true. It's only like

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Speaker 1: with the entire Earth that I feel that gravity relationship. Right,

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Speaker 1: that's the one that pulls me down, That's right. And

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Speaker 1: it takes a huge blob of stuff the size of

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Speaker 1: the Earth for you to even notice. Okay, so dark

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Speaker 1: matter is a different kind of matter. There's a ton

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Speaker 1: of it in the years. It's all around this. We

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Speaker 1: can't see it because it doesn't feel electromagnetic forces. We

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Speaker 1: can't touch it also because of that um, but it

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Speaker 1: does feel gravity. So how do we know that it

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Speaker 1: was there? Like, how do we can't see or touch it?

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Speaker 1: How do we how do we figure that? Yeah, it

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Speaker 1: took people a while before they really accepted the dark

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Speaker 1: matter was the thing. And it's a fun story because

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Speaker 1: it's started with just a discrepancy. What they were doing

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Speaker 1: was they were checking to see if they understood how

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Speaker 1: galaxies spin. So our galaxy, you know, we are in

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Speaker 1: a solar system, and a solar system is part of

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Speaker 1: a big group of stars called the galaxy that all

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Speaker 1: spins around. And our galaxy is called the Milky Way.

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Speaker 1: And there's lots of galaxies in the universe, trillions more

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Speaker 1: even more than that, probably, And we can look out

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Speaker 1: into the sky and you can see other galaxies also spinning.

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Speaker 1: And you can think of a galaxy sort of the

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Speaker 1: way you think about like a America round. If you

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Speaker 1: have a merriga round and you put a bunch of

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Speaker 1: pink pong balls on it, you spin it, what's going

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Speaker 1: to happen? The pink pun balls will fly off? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they'll shootout and hit your sister in the face. And

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Speaker 1: then you get a diferent And those are some dark matters,

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Speaker 1: and um, so what happens with the galaxy? Well, in

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Speaker 1: the case of a galaxy, it's got a bunch of

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Speaker 1: stars in it, and the galaxy is spinning. So why

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Speaker 1: don't the ours get thrown out into intergalactic space all

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Speaker 1: the time the way the ping pong balls might from

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Speaker 1: Amerry around? Right, So galaxies are spinning their stars in it,

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Speaker 1: why don't the stars just like spill out? That's right,

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Speaker 1: I wanted they get tossed out? And the answer is gravity.

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Speaker 1: The galaxy is a lot of gravity from all those

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Speaker 1: stars in the black hole in the center and all

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Speaker 1: that stuff, and that gravity holds the stars in place,

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Speaker 1: like keeps everything in orbit. That's right, Yeah, it pulls

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Speaker 1: it together and keeps stuff from getting thrown out. So

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Speaker 1: some grad student went out to check this and they

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Speaker 1: got a crazy result. And the result is that these

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Speaker 1: galaxies are spinning way, way, way too fast. There's no

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Speaker 1: way that the amount of stuff that we see in

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Speaker 1: those galaxies is providing enough gravity to hold the galaxies together. Okay,

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Speaker 1: something else had to be there, right, that's right, because

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Speaker 1: the stars are not getting thrown into space, right, the

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Speaker 1: galaxies are getting held together. So, as you know, first time,

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Speaker 1: you have a crazy result. And there's a lot of

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Speaker 1: explanations people come up with, and so the simplest explanation

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Speaker 1: in some sense is, well, there's some kind of gravity

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Speaker 1: that that's from something we can't see. So let's invent

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Speaker 1: a new kind of stuff. It has to be dark

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Speaker 1: because we can't see it. It has to be matter

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Speaker 1: because it's giving us gravity. So we'll come up with

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Speaker 1: a cool name for this new thing, called it dark matter.

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Speaker 1: And that sounds like a simple explanation. But on the

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Speaker 1: other hand, is not because there's not a tiny amount

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Speaker 1: of stuff you have to add to these galaxies. Right,

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Speaker 1: they're spending way too fast. And that's how we know

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Speaker 1: that there's a ton of dark matter, because to get

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Speaker 1: enough gravity to hold these galaxies together, you have to

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Speaker 1: multiply the amount of stuff you can see by a

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Speaker 1: factor of five. Tells you that, yeah, it tells you

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Speaker 1: that what you see of the galaxy is not most

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Speaker 1: of the galaxy. You know, you're looking at the galactic tonails,

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Speaker 1: or you know they're just the galactic fingertips or something.

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Speaker 1: Most of the galaxy is something else, right, right, the

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Speaker 1: milky toes of these and and so for a long

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Speaker 1: time people didn't accept that, and there were other ideas.

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Speaker 1: People thought, well, that's crazy because you can't just say, oh,

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Speaker 1: my experiment didn't work. Maybe the universe is filled with

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Speaker 1: there's a new kind of stuff that nobody's ever seen before,

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Speaker 1: and there's a huge amount of it and it's everywhere. Right,

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Speaker 1: it's sort of a convenient and crazy explanations. Remever, in science,

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Speaker 1: we like simple explanations, right. We want the simplest set

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Speaker 1: of ideas to explain everything. We see so that was yeah,

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Speaker 1: so that was that was that was the mindset, right.

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Speaker 1: I was like, Okay, we know, we think we know

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Speaker 1: the universe. Let's check to see if the galaxies are

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Speaker 1: spinning as they should. But they found out they're spinning

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Speaker 1: too fast. And the only explanation someone could come up

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Speaker 1: with was like, may there's invisible gravity stuff in these

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Speaker 1: galaxies that's like five times eavery than all of those stars.

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Speaker 1: That's right, That was the idea of dark matter. There

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Speaker 1: actually were other explanations that lived for a little while,

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Speaker 1: and recently they died because they they were ruled up

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Speaker 1: by other experiments. Since then, we're pretty sure that dark

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Speaker 1: matter is a thing. And one way that we were

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Speaker 1: able to figure out that dark matter is there and

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Speaker 1: it's not just a misunderstanding of the way gravity works,

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Speaker 1: is that we found a few other ways to spot it.

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Speaker 1: So they're all they're almost all gravitational, but there are

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Speaker 1: other ways to spot it to tell us that would

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Speaker 1: give different results if it was actually dark matter or

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Speaker 1: this other weird kind of theory about gravity. And I

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Speaker 1: want to talk about that some more, but first let's

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Speaker 1: take a quick break. So one way, it's called gravitational lensing,

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Speaker 1: and that's when dark matter in the sky bends the

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Speaker 1: light and gives these crazy optical effects. And that's one

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Speaker 1: way we can tell where dark matter is. It's in

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Speaker 1: a blob here, it's in a blob there makes these

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Speaker 1: cool distortions in the sky because it has gravity, and

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Speaker 1: it's like not just pulls the stars and planets around it,

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Speaker 1: but it also bends light around it, because we know

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Speaker 1: that's what gravity does, right, Yeah, because that's what matter does. Matter,

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Speaker 1: All matter has gravity, and dark matter can bend the

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Speaker 1: space because it has gravity, so it acts like a

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Speaker 1: cosmic lens in the sky. It's totally mind blowing and

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Speaker 1: everybody out there should google gravitational lensing and see those

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Speaker 1: those images because they're gorgeous. And then the other way

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Speaker 1: that we know that it's definitely there through gravity is um, what,

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Speaker 1: what's the other thing? Yeah? The other thing was this

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Speaker 1: amazing event that happened very far away, a long long

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Speaker 1: time ago when two clusters of galaxies smashed into each other.

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Speaker 1: And what every every cluster of God sees has both

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Speaker 1: normal matter like me and you and gas and stuff

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Speaker 1: and dust and also dark matter. So when they smash

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Speaker 1: into each other, the normal matter smashes and creates explosions

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Speaker 1: and gives off light, and we can see that. But

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Speaker 1: the dark matter passed right through to the other side,

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Speaker 1: so you can and we can see the dark matter

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Speaker 1: there because of the gravitational lensing, so that dark matter

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Speaker 1: got separated from some of the normal matter, and we

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Speaker 1: can see its gravitational effects on its own And that

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Speaker 1: was the key to knowing that dark matter really is

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Speaker 1: its own thing with its own gravity. It's not just

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Speaker 1: the misunderstanding of the way gravity works, right, because if

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Speaker 1: that were the case, you wouldn't be able to separate

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Speaker 1: this new new gravity from the old gravity. But because

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Speaker 1: you can, because you can say, oh, here's this dark

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Speaker 1: matter separated from all that gas in the dust. We

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Speaker 1: can see it has its own gravity. It must be

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Speaker 1: its own thing. So that tells us there's a lot

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Speaker 1: of dark matter. It's out there. We can see it

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Speaker 1: kind of through gravity, even not directly, but doesn't really

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Speaker 1: tell us that much more about dark matter. Why if

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Speaker 1: is this care about dark matter? Like, why is it?

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Speaker 1: Why is it important? Why is it cool? And interesting? What?

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Speaker 1: We want to make awesome sunglasses? That's the number one goal.

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Speaker 1: How would you make dark matters sunglasses, that would be

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Speaker 1: pretty pretty easy. Yeah, well matter for sure. No, it

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Speaker 1: just comes out of a desire to understand. You know,

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Speaker 1: we look at the world around us. We want to

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Speaker 1: know how does this all put together? You know, what

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Speaker 1: is the principle that organizes this um And part of

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Speaker 1: it is a desire to build new kinds of stuff.

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Speaker 1: I mean, if you understand the world around you, then

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Speaker 1: you know how to manipulate it and use it and

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Speaker 1: build transistors and all sorts of cool stuff. So there's

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Speaker 1: thousands of applications as soon as you understand how matter works.

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Speaker 1: But there's also just that core curiosity. We're like, you know,

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Speaker 1: five dots away from being able to connect dark matter

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Speaker 1: with anything specifically that's useful. But every time we found

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Speaker 1: something new about the universe, some surprise, something crazy, something new,

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Speaker 1: it's always led to, you know, economic revolutions, or technological revolutions,

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Speaker 1: or even just intellectual revolutions. I mean, if you find

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Speaker 1: out that the universe works in a way different from

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Speaker 1: what you expected, it changes the way you think about

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Speaker 1: your life and the whole human experience. I mean it's

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Speaker 1: not just a little bit. It's like we're we're the

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Speaker 1: minority in the universe, you know, not been We're not

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Speaker 1: even the center of gravity of the universe by any means, right,

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Speaker 1: that's right. If there was an election, we would definitely

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Speaker 1: not any representatives. But yeah, that's that that's wild to know, right, Like,

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Speaker 1: we're not the most kind of stuff in the universe.

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Speaker 1: And so that's that's why dark matter is important. It's like,

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00:20:17,280 --> 00:20:20,760
Speaker 1: that's that's the bigger chunk of the universe, and so

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Speaker 1: it kind of affects the way we know how things happen. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and it's responsible for the basic structure of the universe.

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Speaker 1: We've done simulations. For example, we say, what would the

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Speaker 1: universe look like if there hadn't been any dark matter? Right,

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00:20:33,280 --> 00:20:36,399
Speaker 1: run those stimulations forward and fourteen billion years in, you

388
00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:39,520
Speaker 1: don't have any galaxies really, And the reason is that, yeah,

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Speaker 1: you don't have dark matter pulling together normal matter and

390
00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:45,359
Speaker 1: compressing it. No, we wouldn't be here at all. The

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Speaker 1: universe would be much more diffuse and boring. We wouldn't

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Speaker 1: have any podcasts at all. That's not to say like

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Speaker 1: dark matter is the reason for creation or is more

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Speaker 1: important than us. I mean, we don't really know what

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00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:57,399
Speaker 1: it is at all. It could be totally boring and

396
00:20:57,520 --> 00:21:00,479
Speaker 1: sterile and just a bunch of little particles that are

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Speaker 1: kind of aloof and ignore us, all right. It could

398
00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:06,359
Speaker 1: be something more interesting though, So dark matter it's a

399
00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:09,960
Speaker 1: different kind of of stuff of matter than us. We're

400
00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:13,520
Speaker 1: made out of quarks and electrons um. Dark matters maybe

401
00:21:13,520 --> 00:21:16,520
Speaker 1: made it out of something different that um. It's not

402
00:21:16,640 --> 00:21:19,200
Speaker 1: quite the same thing as we were made out of, right,

403
00:21:19,240 --> 00:21:21,680
Speaker 1: And it could be particles. It could not be particles.

404
00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:28,040
Speaker 1: It could be um stuff. It could be some new

405
00:21:28,119 --> 00:21:30,600
Speaker 1: kind of stuff how other stuff works. So it's different

406
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Speaker 1: than us. There's a ton of it in the universe.

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00:21:32,320 --> 00:21:36,800
Speaker 1: There's five times more dark matter than regular matter. And

408
00:21:36,840 --> 00:21:39,720
Speaker 1: it's all around us. It's like it's it's almost on

409
00:21:39,800 --> 00:21:42,480
Speaker 1: top of us, you know, we're in it, and it's

410
00:21:42,520 --> 00:21:45,440
Speaker 1: inside us. It's everywhere and passing through us. And you're

411
00:21:45,480 --> 00:21:49,000
Speaker 1: waving your arms through right now. I feel that dark matter, Yeah,

412
00:21:49,040 --> 00:21:52,040
Speaker 1: I feel it. It's it's inside of you. It's been

413
00:21:52,040 --> 00:21:55,200
Speaker 1: inside of you all along. Well that sounds a little

414
00:21:55,200 --> 00:21:59,000
Speaker 1: in appropriate. No, it's like a like courage, you know,

415
00:21:59,080 --> 00:22:03,280
Speaker 1: it's like cark ridge or or wisdom, summon the dark

416
00:22:03,320 --> 00:22:06,440
Speaker 1: matter within you sort of thing. Yeah, Okay, it could

417
00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:10,240
Speaker 1: be like complex stuff, right, dark matter could be interesting

418
00:22:10,280 --> 00:22:14,360
Speaker 1: and complex and have different kinds of properties to it. Right,

419
00:22:15,119 --> 00:22:18,080
Speaker 1: that's right, because there could be other checkboxes we talked about,

420
00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:21,080
Speaker 1: you know, the strong and the weak force, and electromagnetism

421
00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:23,639
Speaker 1: and gravity. Those are the four forces we know, but

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00:22:23,680 --> 00:22:26,280
Speaker 1: there could be a fifth force that only dark matter feels.

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00:22:26,320 --> 00:22:29,160
Speaker 1: And it feels it with itself. It's easy to say, well,

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Speaker 1: the simplest idea is dark matter is all just one particle.

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Speaker 1: And that's simple idea, and we like to start with

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Speaker 1: simple ideas to mapically work versus just like a weird

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Speaker 1: homogenous blog. Yeah, but you know, look at the five

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Speaker 1: percent in the universe we've studied. It's not just one

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Speaker 1: kind of particle. It's a bunch of different kind of particles,

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Speaker 1: and it's complicated and interesting. So there's no real reason

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Speaker 1: to expect that dark matter is different. It could be

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Speaker 1: even more complicated. And that's and that's assuming Remember that

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Speaker 1: dark matter is a particle. We have actually no evidence

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Speaker 1: whatsoever proving that dark matter is a particle. Of the

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Speaker 1: normal matter we've ever seen is made out of particles,

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Speaker 1: And that's the assumption we're using to say, well, probably

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Speaker 1: dark matters also made out of particles. That's like saying

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Speaker 1: I've only ever seen the tail of the elephants, so

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Speaker 1: the rest of the elephant must also be tails, right card,

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Speaker 1: It's all tales all the way down. It sort of

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Speaker 1: falls apart, and it's a good way to start, you know.

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Speaker 1: But I'm hoping that we discover the dark matter is

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Speaker 1: something else, insing, weird, some different kind of matters just

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Speaker 1: sort of expands our minds out of our current way

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Speaker 1: of thinking into some new direction where we consider possibilities

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Speaker 1: we hadn't even considered before. Do you have a question

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Speaker 1: you wish we would cover, Send it to us. We'd

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Speaker 1: love to hear from you. You can find us on Facebook, Twitter,

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00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:49,520
Speaker 1: and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge one Word, or email

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Speaker 1: us to feedback at Daniel and Jorge dot com. N