1 00:00:01,160 --> 00:00:04,160 Speaker 1: Welcome to steph you missed in history class from house 2 00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:12,880 Speaker 1: stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:12,880 --> 00:00:15,840 Speaker 1: I'm Honley Frown and I'm Tracy B. Wilson. And in 4 00:00:15,880 --> 00:00:18,160 Speaker 1: the first episode of this two parter we talked about 5 00:00:18,239 --> 00:00:20,599 Speaker 1: Leonard Autier, who was a young man from the French 6 00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:23,840 Speaker 1: countryside who strolled into Paris with nothing and he managed 7 00:00:23,880 --> 00:00:27,040 Speaker 1: to become the country's most celebrated hairdresser in a startlingly 8 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:30,319 Speaker 1: short period of time. He quickly found himself styling the 9 00:00:30,320 --> 00:00:32,959 Speaker 1: hair of the Daufine of France, Marie Antoinette, and their 10 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:36,199 Speaker 1: friendship and their business relationship continued and deepened when the 11 00:00:36,240 --> 00:00:39,640 Speaker 1: Austrian born princess transitioned into the role of queen. He 12 00:00:39,720 --> 00:00:43,400 Speaker 1: really reminds me of like kids making amazing makeup videos 13 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:46,720 Speaker 1: on YouTube. You then get to become a spokes spokesbottom. 14 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:50,600 Speaker 1: Yes uh. And as his time at Precise stretched on, 15 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:54,000 Speaker 1: Leonard took on additional tasks as needed, but always had 16 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:56,639 Speaker 1: a keen sense of what was in his best interest. 17 00:00:57,040 --> 00:00:59,840 Speaker 1: For example, he helped Marie Ane when it revived a 18 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:03,840 Speaker 1: French fashion magazine called Journal d Dame, with the intent 19 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:07,800 Speaker 1: that his own work would be featured in its pages. 20 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:11,080 Speaker 1: Yeah it's no fool, but all is. He was creating 21 00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:15,240 Speaker 1: the next big thing, and often quite literally big in hairstyles. 22 00:01:15,720 --> 00:01:18,880 Speaker 1: After a style developed by Rose Boltent appeared in Journal 23 00:01:18,959 --> 00:01:22,319 Speaker 1: des Dame and became quite popular, Leonard was driven to 24 00:01:22,400 --> 00:01:24,720 Speaker 1: concoct the hairstyle that would surpass it. There was some 25 00:01:24,800 --> 00:01:28,800 Speaker 1: definite jealousy in the mix. There. Almost everyone has heard 26 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:32,080 Speaker 1: of or seen drawings of Marie Antoinette's wild hairstyles that 27 00:01:32,120 --> 00:01:36,000 Speaker 1: had accessories such as miniature figures and bird's nest and 28 00:01:36,080 --> 00:01:38,679 Speaker 1: yards of fabric trims as part of the coiffure, and 29 00:01:38,720 --> 00:01:42,000 Speaker 1: those are examples of what Leonard came to call the 30 00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:47,880 Speaker 1: poof sentimental. As hoped, the poof Sentimental eclipsed the much 31 00:01:48,120 --> 00:01:52,960 Speaker 1: simpler Kazaco hairstyle that Bartown had created, and from there 32 00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:58,280 Speaker 1: Leonard continued to just invent flamboyant styles. One called a 33 00:01:58,480 --> 00:02:02,240 Speaker 1: hedgehog involves stacks of full curls, then a number of 34 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:07,000 Speaker 1: ringlets falling around the wearer's neck. The Zephyr featured numerous 35 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:10,239 Speaker 1: flowers that moved and shook like a garden in a breeze. 36 00:02:10,720 --> 00:02:13,040 Speaker 1: But of course, the most famous of all of Marie 37 00:02:13,040 --> 00:02:16,000 Speaker 1: Antoinette's hairstyles was the one that had a ship in it. 38 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:20,160 Speaker 1: That was Leonard's work. That style was called the Kaffier 39 00:02:20,240 --> 00:02:22,400 Speaker 1: a la belle Pool, which was named for the ship 40 00:02:22,800 --> 00:02:25,920 Speaker 1: called the Bellpool, which had recently won a naval battle. 41 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:29,280 Speaker 1: It's so famous. That's what everybody thinks of ship hair. 42 00:02:29,680 --> 00:02:33,080 Speaker 1: So when King Louis the fifteen died, Leonard was on 43 00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:37,200 Speaker 1: hand for the coronation preparations for Louis, and so was 44 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:41,400 Speaker 1: Rosebert tom Once he became the queen's hairdresser, he delegated 45 00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:45,320 Speaker 1: more and more responsibility to his friend and business partner Fremmel, 46 00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:48,960 Speaker 1: running the hair school, and all the appointments for anyone 47 00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:51,640 Speaker 1: but the Queen were handled by Freml or one of 48 00:02:51,800 --> 00:02:56,560 Speaker 1: Leonard's brothers, sometimes calling themselves Leonard, so that Leonard himself 49 00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:59,040 Speaker 1: could be at her Royal Highness's beck and call at 50 00:02:59,080 --> 00:03:01,720 Speaker 1: any moment. Yeah, he had had his tendrils in so 51 00:03:01,760 --> 00:03:05,520 Speaker 1: many different business interests that kind of um Foster and 52 00:03:05,560 --> 00:03:09,000 Speaker 1: bolster his name. That then when he suddenly became hairdresser 53 00:03:09,040 --> 00:03:11,680 Speaker 1: of the queen, he was like, we gotta figure out 54 00:03:11,720 --> 00:03:17,400 Speaker 1: a delegate. Uh. And as the Queen's hairdresser Leonard's relationship 55 00:03:17,480 --> 00:03:20,640 Speaker 1: with Marie Antoinette really did deepen quite a great deal. 56 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:24,360 Speaker 1: He allegedly knew her every secret, and even, for example, 57 00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:26,640 Speaker 1: in the late stages of her first pregnancy, when she 58 00:03:26,720 --> 00:03:29,560 Speaker 1: was confined to bed, Leonard was there. He would lie 59 00:03:29,600 --> 00:03:31,240 Speaker 1: in bed with her so that he can comb and 60 00:03:31,280 --> 00:03:33,960 Speaker 1: style her hair, and he would later joke that he 61 00:03:34,040 --> 00:03:37,040 Speaker 1: and the Queen had shared the same bed, but that 62 00:03:37,120 --> 00:03:40,760 Speaker 1: joke was often misinterpreted and used as evidence the Queen's 63 00:03:40,840 --> 00:03:44,800 Speaker 1: lass sevious lifestyle. In his memoir, he recounted all the 64 00:03:44,880 --> 00:03:48,960 Speaker 1: seedy gossip associated with Marie Antoinette of affairs and indulgent 65 00:03:49,000 --> 00:03:51,400 Speaker 1: in a complete disregard for the needs of the people 66 00:03:51,520 --> 00:03:55,920 Speaker 1: when spending money on herself. Even though he included all 67 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:58,560 Speaker 1: that gossip, he also said it wasn't true. It comes 68 00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:01,960 Speaker 1: across as him wanting the fun of a rumor mill 69 00:04:02,280 --> 00:04:07,520 Speaker 1: while also defending his very important friend and also employer. Yeah, 70 00:04:07,560 --> 00:04:11,240 Speaker 1: I mean he was theoretically. We'll talk about the legitimacy 71 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:13,400 Speaker 1: of his memoirs at the end of the episode. But 72 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:17,000 Speaker 1: he had remained very loyal to Marie Antoinette until Louis sixteen. 73 00:04:17,560 --> 00:04:21,239 Speaker 1: Throughout and beyond their reign uh and after the Queen's 74 00:04:21,279 --> 00:04:24,120 Speaker 1: second pregnancy, which resulted in the birth of the Daufin 75 00:04:24,279 --> 00:04:28,200 Speaker 1: Luis Joseph in the fall of sev one, it became 76 00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:30,880 Speaker 1: apparent that the Queen was losing her hair. We talked 77 00:04:30,880 --> 00:04:32,880 Speaker 1: about in the first episode that even when she first 78 00:04:32,920 --> 00:04:36,440 Speaker 1: came to France, there was discussion about her hair growing badly, 79 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:39,320 Speaker 1: which seemed to indicate it was quite thin. But at 80 00:04:39,320 --> 00:04:43,440 Speaker 1: this point she really was having a pretty significant hair loss. 81 00:04:44,040 --> 00:04:48,080 Speaker 1: And Leonard, ever the inventor and also incredibly fearful that 82 00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:50,839 Speaker 1: his fate was so closely tied to the hair that 83 00:04:50,880 --> 00:04:54,480 Speaker 1: Marie Antoinette was losing, suggested that she let him cut 84 00:04:54,520 --> 00:04:57,640 Speaker 1: her hair for an entirely new and less architectural style 85 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:02,200 Speaker 1: called aquifer a LanFan. And this style was basically shorter 86 00:05:02,320 --> 00:05:04,479 Speaker 1: hair that was cut in layers and then curled and 87 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,919 Speaker 1: arranged and stacked ringlets. This idea of cutting hair short 88 00:05:07,960 --> 00:05:11,760 Speaker 1: at this period of time was really breaking all of 89 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:15,000 Speaker 1: the rules that had gone forth in style prior to it. 90 00:05:15,279 --> 00:05:17,840 Speaker 1: The Queen was really really nervous about having her hair 91 00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:21,800 Speaker 1: cut relatively short, but she eventually agreed, but her status 92 00:05:21,800 --> 00:05:25,120 Speaker 1: and Leonard's ability to just sell any style, as the 93 00:05:25,279 --> 00:05:28,640 Speaker 1: latest innovation led to the coiffier on la font being 94 00:05:28,680 --> 00:05:31,400 Speaker 1: adopted by most of the ladies of the court within 95 00:05:31,520 --> 00:05:33,960 Speaker 1: just a few weeks. Yeah, it's not quite as dramatic 96 00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:37,240 Speaker 1: as the stories of like women cutting their hair short 97 00:05:37,279 --> 00:05:39,960 Speaker 1: in the twenties, because there still was some length and 98 00:05:40,040 --> 00:05:42,480 Speaker 1: curl to it. But it really was a massive departure, 99 00:05:42,520 --> 00:05:44,920 Speaker 1: and it was this huge you know, after people had 100 00:05:44,960 --> 00:05:47,440 Speaker 1: kept their hair long and styled and elaborate styles for 101 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:48,960 Speaker 1: so long, to just go, I'm cutting it all off 102 00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:52,880 Speaker 1: was huge and it caught on super quickly. But as 103 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:56,080 Speaker 1: the unrest among the people of France grew during this time, 104 00:05:56,360 --> 00:05:58,880 Speaker 1: Leonard was certainly aware of it, though whether he was 105 00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:01,919 Speaker 1: self aware enough to recognize his own contribution to the 106 00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:04,839 Speaker 1: problem is unclear. Talked about in the first episode that 107 00:06:05,279 --> 00:06:08,560 Speaker 1: he created these expensive and lavish hairstyles from Marie Antoinette, 108 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:11,960 Speaker 1: which were then imitated by other women, which made them 109 00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:14,680 Speaker 1: lose money that they didn't need to be spending. He 110 00:06:14,760 --> 00:06:17,599 Speaker 1: really sort of contributed to that whole kind of cult 111 00:06:17,600 --> 00:06:21,640 Speaker 1: of style that was irresponsible many ways. We don't know though, 112 00:06:21,640 --> 00:06:24,400 Speaker 1: whether he was really aware that that he was such 113 00:06:24,480 --> 00:06:26,880 Speaker 1: a key player in that He had at this point 114 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:29,240 Speaker 1: made a great deal of money both styling hair and 115 00:06:29,279 --> 00:06:32,000 Speaker 1: by selling beauty products to the Queen through his beauty 116 00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:34,280 Speaker 1: school in the decade and a half that he had 117 00:06:34,279 --> 00:06:37,320 Speaker 1: been working at Versailles, and at a time, for example, 118 00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:39,960 Speaker 1: when a loaf of bread had reached the then exorbitant 119 00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:43,719 Speaker 1: sum of eight sus due to scarcity, Leonard was charging 120 00:06:43,760 --> 00:06:47,080 Speaker 1: as much as four thousand sous for creating a new hairstyle. 121 00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:50,159 Speaker 1: He was, after more than a decade and a half 122 00:06:50,200 --> 00:06:53,200 Speaker 1: of working with the nobility, a very, very rich man. 123 00:06:54,040 --> 00:06:57,280 Speaker 1: But as the people's dislike of Louis the sixteenth and 124 00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:00,960 Speaker 1: Marie Antoinette grew, Leonard became less less involved in their 125 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:04,320 Speaker 1: everyday lives. He continued to do the Queen's here for 126 00:07:04,360 --> 00:07:07,960 Speaker 1: special occasions, but stopped being his everyday job, and for 127 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:10,560 Speaker 1: other clients he would usually send one of his assistants. 128 00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:14,200 Speaker 1: In February of seventeen eighty eight, Lanard moved out of 129 00:07:14,280 --> 00:07:18,960 Speaker 1: Versailles to pursue other interests. With the Queen's blessing, he was, however, 130 00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:22,200 Speaker 1: still referred to as the coiffier to the Queen. But 131 00:07:22,280 --> 00:07:25,360 Speaker 1: before we dive into the business venture that Leonard next 132 00:07:25,400 --> 00:07:27,840 Speaker 1: decided to pursue We're going to take a brief break 133 00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:30,400 Speaker 1: and have a word from one of our fantastic sponsors, 134 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:37,840 Speaker 1: even though he was no longer working every day with 135 00:07:37,880 --> 00:07:42,280 Speaker 1: the Queen. To honor Marie Antoinette's love of Italian opera, Monsieur, 136 00:07:42,400 --> 00:07:46,800 Speaker 1: Leonard decided to venture into theater production in partnership with 137 00:07:46,840 --> 00:07:50,720 Speaker 1: the director of the theater at Versailles, Mademoiselle Montansier, and 138 00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:54,600 Speaker 1: with permission from the King, Autier opened the Teatle de 139 00:07:54,720 --> 00:07:59,520 Speaker 1: Monsieur at the Tuileries Palace on January seventeen eighty nine. 140 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:02,880 Speaker 1: He was quite good at managing his theater, and reviews 141 00:08:02,920 --> 00:08:05,920 Speaker 1: for the productions were also quite good, but it was 142 00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:09,840 Speaker 1: costly and the former hairdresser struggled to fund his operas. 143 00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:12,960 Speaker 1: That was why he ended up in partnership with Montensier, 144 00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:16,200 Speaker 1: but he and the recide director clashed over the nature 145 00:08:16,240 --> 00:08:18,640 Speaker 1: of the operas and the plays to be staged there. 146 00:08:19,400 --> 00:08:22,960 Speaker 1: Montensier tended towards the sorts of traditional fair that were 147 00:08:22,960 --> 00:08:27,160 Speaker 1: appropriate for Versailles, whereas Leonard wanted to expand into other 148 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:31,360 Speaker 1: types of productions. Leonard eventually found an investor to buy 149 00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:36,160 Speaker 1: Mademoiselle Matansier's interest in the theater. Yeah, and that's actually 150 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:39,760 Speaker 1: gonna come up again later. Um. Additionally, this theater was 151 00:08:39,800 --> 00:08:42,280 Speaker 1: a combination of two troops of actors, one that was 152 00:08:42,320 --> 00:08:44,920 Speaker 1: French and one that was Italian, and the two groups 153 00:08:44,960 --> 00:08:48,200 Speaker 1: did not mesh well and there was constant fighting, and 154 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:51,680 Speaker 1: even with additional financial backers, by the end of the spring, 155 00:08:51,800 --> 00:08:54,640 Speaker 1: just like four months after they had opened, Leonard was 156 00:08:54,640 --> 00:08:57,680 Speaker 1: pretty much out of money. When King Louis the sixteenth 157 00:08:57,800 --> 00:09:01,480 Speaker 1: assembled the Estates General and early May of seventeen eighty nine, 158 00:09:01,880 --> 00:09:05,200 Speaker 1: Leonard was requested by Marie Antoinette to style her hair 159 00:09:05,240 --> 00:09:08,160 Speaker 1: for the gathering. He immediately saw that she was not 160 00:09:08,280 --> 00:09:11,040 Speaker 1: the woman he had served for so many years, and 161 00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:13,520 Speaker 1: she told her old friend that she had quote sad 162 00:09:13,559 --> 00:09:17,640 Speaker 1: thoughts followed by gloomy premonitions. Knowing that the public was 163 00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:20,840 Speaker 1: likely to jeer when she made her appearance, she wanted 164 00:09:20,880 --> 00:09:23,559 Speaker 1: to at least look her best and tasked Leonard with 165 00:09:23,679 --> 00:09:28,439 Speaker 1: achieving that wish and Leonard saw the queen pretty regularly 166 00:09:28,480 --> 00:09:30,599 Speaker 1: in the months leading up to the official start of 167 00:09:30,640 --> 00:09:33,720 Speaker 1: the revolution, and he undoubtedly witnessed many of the key 168 00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:37,359 Speaker 1: events that were involved, including the women's march on Versailles 169 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:40,240 Speaker 1: and the royal family being captured and taken to Paris, 170 00:09:40,880 --> 00:09:42,800 Speaker 1: and he also engaged in a bit of spy work 171 00:09:42,840 --> 00:09:45,640 Speaker 1: for the king on occasion, which indicates he was deeply 172 00:09:45,640 --> 00:09:49,320 Speaker 1: trusted by Louis. The sixteenth, when the royal family fled 173 00:09:49,360 --> 00:09:53,880 Speaker 1: Paris for Verenne, Leonard's younger brother, Jean Francois, traveled with them, 174 00:09:53,920 --> 00:09:56,120 Speaker 1: although it appears that Leonard did not know that he 175 00:09:56,160 --> 00:09:57,920 Speaker 1: was part of the party that left at the time. 176 00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:01,280 Speaker 1: In the midst of all this evil, Leonard and his 177 00:10:01,320 --> 00:10:04,679 Speaker 1: wife Marie Louise were still adding to their family. They 178 00:10:04,679 --> 00:10:07,480 Speaker 1: had three daughters already, and then they welcomed his son 179 00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:09,960 Speaker 1: at the end of seventeen ninety. By the end of 180 00:10:10,040 --> 00:10:13,080 Speaker 1: seventeen nine one, though, the couple had ended their marriage, 181 00:10:13,559 --> 00:10:15,600 Speaker 1: and when the King and the Queen were arrested at 182 00:10:15,679 --> 00:10:20,360 Speaker 1: Varenne and returned to Paris in June of sevente Leonard 183 00:10:20,440 --> 00:10:24,079 Speaker 1: once again visited the Queen and uh he found her 184 00:10:24,400 --> 00:10:26,960 Speaker 1: to be so different from her normal self that it 185 00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:30,920 Speaker 1: really struck him and was very affecting. She was constantly 186 00:10:31,080 --> 00:10:34,120 Speaker 1: under guard, but in this case, instead of seeming gloomy, 187 00:10:34,240 --> 00:10:37,160 Speaker 1: she had almost achieved through all of this stress a 188 00:10:37,240 --> 00:10:39,719 Speaker 1: level of ease with the men who watched over her. 189 00:10:40,160 --> 00:10:43,960 Speaker 1: She would converse with them, and she abandoned the trappings 190 00:10:43,960 --> 00:10:46,040 Speaker 1: of court hierarchy to sort of just be a normal 191 00:10:46,120 --> 00:10:50,160 Speaker 1: human and have fairly common level relationships with these people 192 00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:54,960 Speaker 1: that were guarding her. In the meantime, Leonard Attier's name 193 00:10:55,040 --> 00:10:58,960 Speaker 1: had become a hindrance to the already struggling theater. His 194 00:10:59,040 --> 00:11:02,600 Speaker 1: ongoing associate Asian with Marie Antoinette, was basically poisoned to 195 00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:05,439 Speaker 1: the business. So first his name was removed and then 196 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:08,280 Speaker 1: he was asked to step away by the investors. It 197 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:13,400 Speaker 1: was renamed t afters. Marie Antoinette, finding her family in 198 00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:18,000 Speaker 1: desperate financial circumstances, asked Leonard to travel to London with 199 00:11:18,080 --> 00:11:20,920 Speaker 1: a collection of diamonds that had traveled with her to 200 00:11:21,120 --> 00:11:23,600 Speaker 1: France from Vienna when she was just a teenage girl. 201 00:11:24,040 --> 00:11:25,800 Speaker 1: This was important that she didn't want it to be 202 00:11:25,840 --> 00:11:29,800 Speaker 1: a diamond that was technically from France's money. It was 203 00:11:29,840 --> 00:11:32,120 Speaker 1: her own that she had had well before she was 204 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:35,199 Speaker 1: part of the royal family in France. And Autier agreed 205 00:11:35,280 --> 00:11:37,280 Speaker 1: that he would do this, and he made his arrangements 206 00:11:37,280 --> 00:11:40,120 Speaker 1: and he went to England as requested, arriving there at 207 00:11:40,160 --> 00:11:43,920 Speaker 1: the end of December sevente Lanard was able to sell 208 00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:46,200 Speaker 1: the diamonds, and he was. He also set out to 209 00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:49,319 Speaker 1: see who might be sympathetic to Louis the sixteenth and 210 00:11:49,480 --> 00:11:52,080 Speaker 1: willing to help the French royals, which he did over 211 00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:54,600 Speaker 1: the course of the next year and a little beyond. 212 00:11:55,440 --> 00:11:58,880 Speaker 1: That was ultimately a disappointing exercise. He did manage to 213 00:11:58,880 --> 00:12:02,240 Speaker 1: connect with Duberry in England, and although she had been 214 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:05,160 Speaker 1: exiled from Prassailles, she was still loyal to the crown, 215 00:12:05,600 --> 00:12:07,720 Speaker 1: especially as Louis the sixteenth had set her up with 216 00:12:07,720 --> 00:12:10,520 Speaker 1: a pension yeah, as the King's favorite. As the king 217 00:12:10,559 --> 00:12:13,240 Speaker 1: was nearing death, she basically was sent away because he 218 00:12:13,320 --> 00:12:16,120 Speaker 1: was having last rites and she could not be part 219 00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:18,360 Speaker 1: of that um. But Yeah, they set her up with 220 00:12:18,640 --> 00:12:21,960 Speaker 1: was really a pretty nice amount of money after that, 221 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:24,720 Speaker 1: and she did remain loyal to the crown. She had 222 00:12:24,760 --> 00:12:28,120 Speaker 1: actually stayed in France when others had fled, and many 223 00:12:28,160 --> 00:12:30,800 Speaker 1: of the royals and members of the palace households had 224 00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:32,760 Speaker 1: appealed to her to send the money, as they had 225 00:12:32,800 --> 00:12:35,760 Speaker 1: fled with very little, and she had been unable to 226 00:12:35,800 --> 00:12:38,880 Speaker 1: really send anything because her home was under constant surveillance, 227 00:12:38,920 --> 00:12:41,000 Speaker 1: so she knew if she trying to get money out 228 00:12:41,040 --> 00:12:44,079 Speaker 1: to somebody else, it would immediately cause basically a raid 229 00:12:44,120 --> 00:12:47,840 Speaker 1: of her house, and eventually she decided that she would 230 00:12:47,920 --> 00:12:51,360 Speaker 1: leave France to assist the scattered Royals. She traveled to 231 00:12:51,440 --> 00:12:54,679 Speaker 1: London to find some diamonds that had been stolen from her. 232 00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:57,400 Speaker 1: At least that's what she told government officials. She actually 233 00:12:57,400 --> 00:12:59,920 Speaker 1: made several trips to London to look for these diamonds, 234 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:03,080 Speaker 1: that this was the fourth and there had been a 235 00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:06,640 Speaker 1: robbery of Duberry's diamonds, but she had also traveled to 236 00:13:06,679 --> 00:13:09,560 Speaker 1: London to sell to others, with the intent that the 237 00:13:09,640 --> 00:13:12,000 Speaker 1: proceeds would be sent to parties working to fight for 238 00:13:12,040 --> 00:13:15,680 Speaker 1: the Royalist cause. Leonard suggested that they used the same 239 00:13:15,760 --> 00:13:18,920 Speaker 1: jeweler he had sold the queen's diamonds too, and this 240 00:13:18,960 --> 00:13:22,760 Speaker 1: plan was eventually agreed upon, although Leonard entered the shop alone, 241 00:13:23,080 --> 00:13:25,000 Speaker 1: and he really wanted to use his jeweler because when 242 00:13:25,040 --> 00:13:27,319 Speaker 1: he had sold may Antoinette's diamonds, he got a lot 243 00:13:27,360 --> 00:13:29,960 Speaker 1: more from for them than they had been assessed for 244 00:13:30,040 --> 00:13:31,800 Speaker 1: in France, so he thought, like this, we're going to 245 00:13:31,880 --> 00:13:33,760 Speaker 1: get more money if we go to my guy, And 246 00:13:33,800 --> 00:13:35,680 Speaker 1: so while he was in the shop alone, du Berry 247 00:13:35,760 --> 00:13:39,359 Speaker 1: wanted to avoid revealing that they were hers and consequently 248 00:13:39,400 --> 00:13:42,040 Speaker 1: exactly how much her time as the King's favorite had 249 00:13:42,040 --> 00:13:48,400 Speaker 1: earned her. Uh and so this entire setup led two problems. First, 250 00:13:48,559 --> 00:13:52,680 Speaker 1: a passer by recognized Duberry and chatted her up, even 251 00:13:52,720 --> 00:13:56,000 Speaker 1: after she curtly explained that Leonard was inside selling a 252 00:13:56,120 --> 00:14:00,360 Speaker 1: small diamond so she could settle her debts. Second, lay Nard, 253 00:14:00,440 --> 00:14:03,400 Speaker 1: who got more than they were expecting for the diamonds, 254 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:07,480 Speaker 1: yelled an enormous some from the jeweler's door to do 255 00:14:07,640 --> 00:14:11,720 Speaker 1: Berry in her carriage, two point to million libra, which 256 00:14:11,760 --> 00:14:13,720 Speaker 1: at the time would have been worth around a hundred 257 00:14:13,720 --> 00:14:17,040 Speaker 1: and sixty five thousand pounds in English currency. Yeah. I 258 00:14:17,080 --> 00:14:20,000 Speaker 1: did one calculation, and we've talked about before how it's 259 00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:22,400 Speaker 1: really hard to do like historical money and what it's 260 00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:25,000 Speaker 1: worth today. So I don't know if this is accurate, 261 00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:28,040 Speaker 1: but it seemed like using calculators that I found online 262 00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:30,800 Speaker 1: from fairly reputable sources, it's like going, we got thirty 263 00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:34,360 Speaker 1: eight million dollars, which you wouldn't want to stand in 264 00:14:34,400 --> 00:14:36,520 Speaker 1: the street and yell why would you why would you 265 00:14:36,560 --> 00:14:38,720 Speaker 1: just yell that at the door to not not the 266 00:14:38,760 --> 00:14:43,360 Speaker 1: brightest move ever, but this huge number of and the 267 00:14:43,400 --> 00:14:46,000 Speaker 1: fact that it was the sale of diamonds was overheard 268 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:49,240 Speaker 1: in the street and a rumor quickly arose that the 269 00:14:49,280 --> 00:14:53,240 Speaker 1: diamonds had been stolen, and by evening police came looking 270 00:14:53,240 --> 00:14:56,560 Speaker 1: for Leonard at the house where he was living, and Leonard, 271 00:14:56,600 --> 00:14:59,080 Speaker 1: assisted by a friend, jumped out the window to a 272 00:14:59,160 --> 00:15:03,600 Speaker 1: vade capture. Madame Duberry had heard of the misfortune. She 273 00:15:03,720 --> 00:15:05,960 Speaker 1: had you know, friends in London, and she was able 274 00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:07,920 Speaker 1: to clear the matter up by producing proof that the 275 00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:11,600 Speaker 1: diamonds were in fact hers. Mr Pitt, the Chancellor of 276 00:15:11,600 --> 00:15:15,920 Speaker 1: the Treasury, had already suspected that they were legitimately Duberry's diamonds, 277 00:15:15,920 --> 00:15:19,560 Speaker 1: and he was sympathetic actually to the woman and her cause. 278 00:15:19,560 --> 00:15:21,720 Speaker 1: He knew that she was probably trying to get money 279 00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:26,960 Speaker 1: to help the Royals reachieve their position in France. He 280 00:15:27,200 --> 00:15:29,920 Speaker 1: knew that she was probably trying to fund the efforts 281 00:15:29,960 --> 00:15:32,600 Speaker 1: to restore the French monarchy. But he had sent police 282 00:15:32,640 --> 00:15:35,480 Speaker 1: to arrest Leonard, but only as a matter of appearance, 283 00:15:36,040 --> 00:15:38,680 Speaker 1: uh and they had actually his His policeman had been 284 00:15:38,720 --> 00:15:41,360 Speaker 1: instructed to take this man to dinner and then just 285 00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:45,160 Speaker 1: let him go. So coming up, we will talk about 286 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:48,760 Speaker 1: the serious downturn in the royal family's situation, but before 287 00:15:48,800 --> 00:15:51,640 Speaker 1: we get to that, we'll have one more quick sponsor break. 288 00:15:56,360 --> 00:15:58,880 Speaker 1: So after that little skirmish with the police was settled, 289 00:15:59,280 --> 00:16:02,239 Speaker 1: Duberry and Leonard were able to send a pretty significant 290 00:16:02,240 --> 00:16:05,360 Speaker 1: sum of money to the cause. But things in Paris, 291 00:16:05,840 --> 00:16:08,120 Speaker 1: they did not know yet, had already gotten much worse 292 00:16:08,200 --> 00:16:13,440 Speaker 1: for the royal family. On January one, before the money 293 00:16:13,480 --> 00:16:16,360 Speaker 1: that Leonard and DuBarry sent had gotten to its intended 294 00:16:16,440 --> 00:16:20,840 Speaker 1: Royalist recipients, King Louis the sixteenth was executed by guillotine. 295 00:16:21,800 --> 00:16:25,040 Speaker 1: Leonard continued to communicate and work with the princes of France, 296 00:16:25,080 --> 00:16:27,480 Speaker 1: who were living in exile and still plotting away for 297 00:16:27,560 --> 00:16:30,680 Speaker 1: the monarchy to regain its power, and he also during 298 00:16:30,680 --> 00:16:32,920 Speaker 1: this time received word that one of his brothers had 299 00:16:32,960 --> 00:16:36,760 Speaker 1: been executed, though there's actually some inconsistency in the account 300 00:16:37,200 --> 00:16:39,840 Speaker 1: of when he received the news and precisely who had 301 00:16:39,880 --> 00:16:42,600 Speaker 1: been put to death. For some time there was actually 302 00:16:42,640 --> 00:16:44,960 Speaker 1: confusion as to whether or not it had actually been 303 00:16:45,080 --> 00:16:48,360 Speaker 1: Leonard who was executed. So you will remember we mentioned 304 00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:51,680 Speaker 1: in the first episode that problem where Leonard recruited his 305 00:16:51,720 --> 00:16:54,400 Speaker 1: brothers as assistants and they all used the same name 306 00:16:54,440 --> 00:16:57,360 Speaker 1: for business purposes, and it appears that was the case 307 00:16:57,400 --> 00:16:59,960 Speaker 1: in this mix up over exactly who had been guillotine. 308 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:03,680 Speaker 1: It said Ottier Leonard and then in parentheses Jean Francois, 309 00:17:03,760 --> 00:17:05,320 Speaker 1: but for a long time people just thought it was 310 00:17:05,600 --> 00:17:09,520 Speaker 1: Monsieur Leonard. In any case, it was clear that France 311 00:17:09,600 --> 00:17:12,800 Speaker 1: was not a safe place for one so closely associated 312 00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:15,639 Speaker 1: with the monarch who had been overthrown and executed, and 313 00:17:15,680 --> 00:17:19,560 Speaker 1: the bad news continued to come for Leonard. Marie Antoinette 314 00:17:19,560 --> 00:17:23,720 Speaker 1: was executed on in October sixteenth, seventeen ninety three. Du Barry, 315 00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:27,240 Speaker 1: who had returned to France despite Leonard begging her not to, 316 00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:29,879 Speaker 1: was also put to death on December eighth of the 317 00:17:29,920 --> 00:17:32,840 Speaker 1: same year. Yeah, she wanted to go back for her things, basically, 318 00:17:32,840 --> 00:17:36,159 Speaker 1: like she had left everything she had and he was like, 319 00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:38,239 Speaker 1: please don't, it's not worth it. She's like, that's all 320 00:17:38,240 --> 00:17:40,160 Speaker 1: I have. I gotta go get him. And that didn't 321 00:17:40,160 --> 00:17:43,400 Speaker 1: work out. So after spending a brief time in Verona, 322 00:17:43,440 --> 00:17:46,359 Speaker 1: where the French King Louis the eighteenth was set up 323 00:17:46,400 --> 00:17:50,320 Speaker 1: in an exiles court after the young King Louis the seventeenth, 324 00:17:50,400 --> 00:17:52,359 Speaker 1: the child of Marine Too and Lui the sixteenth, had 325 00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:55,280 Speaker 1: died in prison. Leonard next moved on to the German 326 00:17:55,359 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: Duchy of Brunswick, which he quite enjoyed, but he eventually 327 00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:03,160 Speaker 1: left there and he ended up St. Petersburg. In there, 328 00:18:03,240 --> 00:18:05,720 Speaker 1: at the age of fifty eight, he rebooted his career 329 00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:09,240 Speaker 1: as a hairdresser. Czar Paul the First greeted him warmly, 330 00:18:09,440 --> 00:18:13,399 Speaker 1: an Empress Maria employed Leonard at once. He established a 331 00:18:13,440 --> 00:18:15,960 Speaker 1: comfortable life for himself there, even though it was nothing 332 00:18:16,119 --> 00:18:18,959 Speaker 1: vaguely akin to the really lavish life that he had 333 00:18:18,960 --> 00:18:23,080 Speaker 1: had in Versailles. He worked in St. Petersburg for sixteen years, 334 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:25,320 Speaker 1: and just three years into his stay he had been 335 00:18:25,320 --> 00:18:28,280 Speaker 1: asked to style the corpse of Czar Paul the First 336 00:18:28,600 --> 00:18:32,480 Speaker 1: after he was murdered for refusing to abdicate. After Leonard 337 00:18:32,480 --> 00:18:35,560 Speaker 1: applied makeup to the deceased and arranged his hair, it 338 00:18:35,680 --> 00:18:37,680 Speaker 1: was said that the man looked better in death than 339 00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:42,840 Speaker 1: he ever had alive. Yeah, he wasn't classically attractive man, 340 00:18:43,280 --> 00:18:45,719 Speaker 1: but Leonard really made him look quite good. Uh. And 341 00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:49,280 Speaker 1: while Leonard lived in St. Petersburg, a fire actually destroyed 342 00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:51,840 Speaker 1: all of his personal papers, so consequently we don't have 343 00:18:51,880 --> 00:18:54,800 Speaker 1: a whole lot of information on his personal life during 344 00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:57,680 Speaker 1: this time, though he clearly managed to keep himself very 345 00:18:57,760 --> 00:19:01,119 Speaker 1: busy styling the hair of Russian noble. When the French 346 00:19:01,160 --> 00:19:05,080 Speaker 1: monarchy was restored in eighteen fourteen, Leonard returned to France, 347 00:19:05,119 --> 00:19:08,240 Speaker 1: hoping that his years of loyal service and the great 348 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:10,879 Speaker 1: amounts of money that he had lent various members of 349 00:19:10,880 --> 00:19:13,679 Speaker 1: the nobility in the early years of the revolution would 350 00:19:13,680 --> 00:19:16,600 Speaker 1: be rewarded and maybe he would get a title. He 351 00:19:16,720 --> 00:19:19,560 Speaker 1: was given a job as the doorkeeper of King Louis 352 00:19:19,600 --> 00:19:24,199 Speaker 1: the eighteenth apartments, obviously a position far below what he 353 00:19:24,240 --> 00:19:26,879 Speaker 1: had hoped for. Yeah, I thought maybe I'd be a 354 00:19:26,920 --> 00:19:30,359 Speaker 1: marquis from a door guy. Uh. Encouraged by a friend 355 00:19:30,359 --> 00:19:32,600 Speaker 1: who was a woman that had actually been his mistress 356 00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:36,160 Speaker 1: before the revolution and who he reconnected with. After returning 357 00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:40,960 Speaker 1: to Paris, Leonard petitioned to open another theater, but getting 358 00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:43,359 Speaker 1: a royal privilege to open the venue was bound up 359 00:19:43,359 --> 00:19:46,520 Speaker 1: in red tape and lack of interest. There were already 360 00:19:46,520 --> 00:19:49,560 Speaker 1: many theaters throughout the city, so adding yet another seemed 361 00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:52,960 Speaker 1: like an enterprise unlikely to take off with any real success. 362 00:19:53,720 --> 00:19:56,800 Speaker 1: But he also had supporters within the nobility who pointed 363 00:19:56,840 --> 00:19:59,520 Speaker 1: out that one more theater privilege granted by the King 364 00:19:59,600 --> 00:20:02,440 Speaker 1: was really not a particularly big risk, so it would 365 00:20:02,480 --> 00:20:05,320 Speaker 1: be better to grant a loyal servant of the royal 366 00:20:05,480 --> 00:20:08,080 Speaker 1: line such a privilege than someone who might not be 367 00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:12,359 Speaker 1: a loyalist, so Leonard persisted. He had been told to 368 00:20:12,440 --> 00:20:15,359 Speaker 1: drop up a petition for the opera comique for the 369 00:20:15,359 --> 00:20:18,040 Speaker 1: Minister of the Interior, with the assurance that the royal 370 00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:21,960 Speaker 1: family would support it. So Monsieur Leonard had a friend 371 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:24,760 Speaker 1: helped write the petition, and that same friend promised to 372 00:20:24,800 --> 00:20:27,600 Speaker 1: have an acquaintance that worked within the ministry keep an 373 00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:31,399 Speaker 1: eye on it and report its progress. And Leonard's friends 374 00:20:31,400 --> 00:20:34,240 Speaker 1: even managed to have the petition put in a beautiful, 375 00:20:34,280 --> 00:20:36,919 Speaker 1: clean envelope and placed directly onto the desk of the 376 00:20:36,960 --> 00:20:39,640 Speaker 1: minister so it would not get lost in the flurry 377 00:20:39,680 --> 00:20:42,440 Speaker 1: of other petitions that were constantly being sent to the office, 378 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:45,919 Speaker 1: but on his desk, it's sat and sat. It stayed 379 00:20:45,920 --> 00:20:49,080 Speaker 1: on the desk for four months while other petitions piled 380 00:20:49,200 --> 00:20:52,520 Speaker 1: up as well. When another of Leonard's friends went to 381 00:20:52,560 --> 00:20:55,560 Speaker 1: the minister to inquire about the status of the petition. 382 00:20:55,640 --> 00:20:57,840 Speaker 1: The minister pointed to his desk and said, I am 383 00:20:57,920 --> 00:21:01,840 Speaker 1: keeping Leonard's matter before me. Technically that was true, but 384 00:21:01,960 --> 00:21:05,800 Speaker 1: he had not touched it. Kind of a smarmy synarchyated 385 00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:09,919 Speaker 1: and the lip query. Eventually, one of the princes spoke 386 00:21:09,960 --> 00:21:12,480 Speaker 1: to Leonard on the matter, and when Leonard asked that 387 00:21:12,520 --> 00:21:14,440 Speaker 1: the king had signed his order, he thought, oh, he 388 00:21:14,480 --> 00:21:17,439 Speaker 1: wants to talk to me. This must be congratulations. He 389 00:21:17,520 --> 00:21:19,200 Speaker 1: was told, in fact, that he needed to let this 390 00:21:19,280 --> 00:21:22,480 Speaker 1: opera comique matter completely go, that he was not going 391 00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:25,880 Speaker 1: to be getting his theater, but that he was being 392 00:21:25,960 --> 00:21:30,359 Speaker 1: named Orderer General of State Funerals, which is a cushy 393 00:21:30,440 --> 00:21:32,680 Speaker 1: job that was more title than work, and it came 394 00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:35,840 Speaker 1: with an annual salary of twelve thousand francs. At first, 395 00:21:35,880 --> 00:21:38,000 Speaker 1: he thought this appointment was a joke, but he was 396 00:21:38,040 --> 00:21:40,920 Speaker 1: assured that it was not. While Leonard was sad to 397 00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:43,160 Speaker 1: let go of his theater plan, he thanked the prince 398 00:21:43,240 --> 00:21:45,840 Speaker 1: profusely and adjusted to the idea that he was now 399 00:21:45,880 --> 00:21:50,320 Speaker 1: a state funeral director. His installation ceremony was filled with formality, 400 00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:53,200 Speaker 1: as all of his staff appeared rank and file before 401 00:21:53,280 --> 00:21:56,800 Speaker 1: him that evening, though they all dined together and attended 402 00:21:56,840 --> 00:21:59,359 Speaker 1: the opera, and Leonard was pleased to discover that his 403 00:21:59,359 --> 00:22:02,800 Speaker 1: new staff was quite lively and fun, which he had 404 00:22:02,840 --> 00:22:07,720 Speaker 1: not expected given their profession. Yeah. Uh, it seems so 405 00:22:08,320 --> 00:22:10,680 Speaker 1: bizarre to me. Oh, you want to start another theater 406 00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:12,520 Speaker 1: and you're a hairdresser. Would you like to be a 407 00:22:12,520 --> 00:22:16,360 Speaker 1: funeral director? What? Uh? And While this turn of events, 408 00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:18,280 Speaker 1: though it did seem to be getting the seventy three 409 00:22:18,320 --> 00:22:20,520 Speaker 1: year olds life back on track, this was certainly better 410 00:22:20,560 --> 00:22:23,800 Speaker 1: than being a dorman h He was soon sued by 411 00:22:23,840 --> 00:22:28,200 Speaker 1: his former business partner in the Tatla de Maschieux, Madame Montasier, 412 00:22:28,680 --> 00:22:32,240 Speaker 1: for unpaid annuities that he owed her. The proceedings took 413 00:22:32,280 --> 00:22:35,240 Speaker 1: place in eighteen nineteen in the court found in her favor, 414 00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:39,280 Speaker 1: and Leonard suddenly found himself responsible for paying the woman 415 00:22:39,680 --> 00:22:43,280 Speaker 1: five hundred thousand francs money that he absolutely did not have, 416 00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:47,040 Speaker 1: but he died before he could pay it off. On 417 00:22:47,160 --> 00:22:51,600 Speaker 1: March twenty four of eighteen twenty. Leonard presided over only 418 00:22:51,720 --> 00:22:55,719 Speaker 1: one funeral procession on his job as Orderer of State funerals, 419 00:22:56,200 --> 00:22:59,480 Speaker 1: when the Prince de Conde died in eighteen eighteen. When 420 00:22:59,560 --> 00:23:03,240 Speaker 1: Leonard himself died, his staff laid him to rest. Although 421 00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:05,959 Speaker 1: it was a very small funeral with few in attendance. 422 00:23:06,440 --> 00:23:10,440 Speaker 1: Of Leonard's children, only two of his daughters survived. They 423 00:23:10,440 --> 00:23:13,639 Speaker 1: inherited seven hundred and sixteen francs and a in an 424 00:23:13,640 --> 00:23:16,959 Speaker 1: assortment of small jewels, including one tiny piece which had 425 00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:19,880 Speaker 1: been the property of Marie Antoinette. But at that point 426 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:22,760 Speaker 1: Leonard owed his maid three hundred and seventy five francs 427 00:23:22,760 --> 00:23:25,760 Speaker 1: and his landlord two hundred and fifty francs. So other 428 00:23:25,800 --> 00:23:28,720 Speaker 1: than his famous shell comb, which had styled the most 429 00:23:28,760 --> 00:23:31,879 Speaker 1: famous and powerful heads of France, there really was not 430 00:23:32,040 --> 00:23:36,960 Speaker 1: much for his kids to keep. Leonard's memoir Souvenir to 431 00:23:37,080 --> 00:23:41,080 Speaker 1: Leonard Coiffio de la ram Ri Antoinette weren't published until 432 00:23:41,119 --> 00:23:44,879 Speaker 1: twenty years after his death, and their legitimacy has been questioned. 433 00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:49,760 Speaker 1: While the details of Monsieur Leonard's exploits are almost certainly exaggerated, 434 00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:52,480 Speaker 1: as the case with a lot of memoirs we talked 435 00:23:52,520 --> 00:23:55,199 Speaker 1: about on the show, many of the events in the 436 00:23:55,200 --> 00:23:58,000 Speaker 1: memoirs do align with events that were playing out in France, 437 00:23:58,080 --> 00:24:01,240 Speaker 1: Europe and Russia at the time these memoirs were reprinted. 438 00:24:01,280 --> 00:24:03,720 Speaker 1: In eighteen nineties. Yeah, and then they got an English 439 00:24:03,800 --> 00:24:06,879 Speaker 1: language printing in the nineteen teens. I think nineteen nineteen, 440 00:24:06,920 --> 00:24:09,320 Speaker 1: but I'm not sure. But the thing that makes Leonard 441 00:24:09,400 --> 00:24:12,119 Speaker 1: to me a really interesting figure is how his creative 442 00:24:12,240 --> 00:24:15,120 Speaker 1: and outlandish hair designs were, to some degree, as we said, 443 00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:18,680 Speaker 1: held responsible for the moral and fiscal downfall of many 444 00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:20,840 Speaker 1: of France's women in the country as a whole as 445 00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:24,200 Speaker 1: a consequence. And this is that thing we always talk about. 446 00:24:24,840 --> 00:24:27,560 Speaker 1: It serves as a perfect example of how one person, 447 00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:30,119 Speaker 1: in this case, one person who walked into Paris with 448 00:24:30,240 --> 00:24:33,879 Speaker 1: nothing but a COVID ambition and a serious case of confidence, 449 00:24:34,359 --> 00:24:37,800 Speaker 1: can make this really huge impact on world events. You 450 00:24:37,840 --> 00:24:39,879 Speaker 1: don't think, oh, I bet the queen's hairdresser really was 451 00:24:39,920 --> 00:24:42,160 Speaker 1: an important figure, But he really was in a lot 452 00:24:42,200 --> 00:24:45,239 Speaker 1: of ways. So yeah, to me, it kind of, you know, 453 00:24:45,960 --> 00:24:49,920 Speaker 1: uh fills that that constant uh litany that I'm always 454 00:24:50,000 --> 00:24:52,720 Speaker 1: chanting about. Every person is making history all the time, 455 00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:55,959 Speaker 1: even if they're they're just and I'm using the air 456 00:24:56,040 --> 00:24:57,719 Speaker 1: quotes because I don't think of it that way, just 457 00:24:58,440 --> 00:25:02,639 Speaker 1: you know, doing an update making hair. You have some 458 00:25:02,720 --> 00:25:04,679 Speaker 1: listener mail for us as well. I do. I have 459 00:25:04,760 --> 00:25:07,320 Speaker 1: two pieces of listener mail, though I'll be quick about it. 460 00:25:07,920 --> 00:25:10,280 Speaker 1: The first one is from our listener Jennifer and her dad. 461 00:25:10,280 --> 00:25:12,320 Speaker 1: They have sent us a variety of postcards as they've 462 00:25:12,359 --> 00:25:14,680 Speaker 1: traveled around, and this one is from the Victoria and 463 00:25:14,760 --> 00:25:17,720 Speaker 1: Albert Museum. High ladies, it's me again. Today. My dad 464 00:25:17,720 --> 00:25:20,320 Speaker 1: and I went to Victorian Albert. It's a huge place 465 00:25:20,400 --> 00:25:22,520 Speaker 1: and they had a special exhibit on clothing and fashion. 466 00:25:22,640 --> 00:25:24,840 Speaker 1: I know you both would have loved. Many people have 467 00:25:24,920 --> 00:25:27,439 Speaker 1: sent me stuff from that, and I do. I have 468 00:25:27,520 --> 00:25:29,960 Speaker 1: an exhibition catalog from friend of the show Brian Young 469 00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:32,439 Speaker 1: that he brought me back from when he went. She said, so, 470 00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:33,840 Speaker 1: I thought I would send you a card of this 471 00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:36,400 Speaker 1: lovely corset. My dad and I argued over this one 472 00:25:37,080 --> 00:25:39,320 Speaker 1: whether to send this one or address, but I won 473 00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:42,240 Speaker 1: since I write the cards. Cheers, tears, and thanks as 474 00:25:42,280 --> 00:25:44,840 Speaker 1: always for the lovely podcast. Uh. I love it and 475 00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:46,479 Speaker 1: I'm glad you went with the corset because I love 476 00:25:46,560 --> 00:25:50,000 Speaker 1: corset pictures. Like the architecture of course, it's is fascinating, yeah, 477 00:25:50,080 --> 00:25:52,160 Speaker 1: and it's got a really beautiful spoon busk and it's 478 00:25:52,200 --> 00:25:54,960 Speaker 1: just lovely. The second one is another gift we've been 479 00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:58,000 Speaker 1: any sewing great gifts lately from our listener Laura, and 480 00:25:58,080 --> 00:25:59,760 Speaker 1: she says, Hi, thank you so much for all the 481 00:25:59,760 --> 00:26:02,000 Speaker 1: hard work you do to present a well researched and 482 00:26:02,119 --> 00:26:04,679 Speaker 1: enjoyable podcast. I've always loved history, and you do an 483 00:26:04,720 --> 00:26:07,680 Speaker 1: incredible job of bringing knowledge and passion to subjects that 484 00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:10,159 Speaker 1: are too often overlooked or forgotten. I know a lot 485 00:26:10,160 --> 00:26:12,119 Speaker 1: of people think history is boring, and it breaks my 486 00:26:12,160 --> 00:26:14,320 Speaker 1: heart because they don't know what they're missing. If only 487 00:26:14,359 --> 00:26:16,359 Speaker 1: every teacher could bring history to life like you do, 488 00:26:16,480 --> 00:26:19,080 Speaker 1: that is so sweet, she says. I'm an artist with 489 00:26:19,119 --> 00:26:20,760 Speaker 1: a dull day job, and I listen to your show 490 00:26:20,880 --> 00:26:22,920 Speaker 1: during quiet moments at my desk and while working on 491 00:26:23,119 --> 00:26:26,719 Speaker 1: art at home. I recently completed the Enclosed Decks of Cards, 492 00:26:26,760 --> 00:26:29,160 Speaker 1: which are inspired by my love of medieval and early 493 00:26:29,200 --> 00:26:32,560 Speaker 1: modern history. I actually have a master's degree in medieval history. 494 00:26:32,960 --> 00:26:35,639 Speaker 1: Each face card represents a real historical figure from the 495 00:26:35,680 --> 00:26:38,800 Speaker 1: medieval early modern period, and there are even some post 496 00:26:38,880 --> 00:26:42,639 Speaker 1: show topics, including Tycho Brahy, Joan of Arc and Juanna 497 00:26:42,920 --> 00:26:45,440 Speaker 1: of Castile. I did a bit of research on Wuana 498 00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:48,000 Speaker 1: for my master's thesis and was very moved by her story. 499 00:26:48,119 --> 00:26:51,240 Speaker 1: I really appreciate your episode on her uh so, she 500 00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:54,280 Speaker 1: sent these amazing cards. They're absolutely beautiful. I think I've 501 00:26:54,280 --> 00:26:56,119 Speaker 1: said before on the show that I love decks of 502 00:26:56,200 --> 00:26:58,000 Speaker 1: cards like I collect them because I use them as 503 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:00,439 Speaker 1: pattern weights. So I'm excited that i will have one 504 00:27:00,480 --> 00:27:01,960 Speaker 1: of these in my selling room when I'll get to 505 00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:04,160 Speaker 1: look at all the prettiness all the time. They are beautiful, 506 00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:06,399 Speaker 1: They're absolutely lovely. So thank you, thank you, thank you 507 00:27:06,440 --> 00:27:08,600 Speaker 1: so much, Laura. If you would like to write to 508 00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:10,639 Speaker 1: us about this episode or any other, you can do 509 00:27:10,680 --> 00:27:13,040 Speaker 1: so at History podcast. At how staff works dot com, 510 00:27:13,320 --> 00:27:15,600 Speaker 1: you can find us across the spectrum of social media 511 00:27:15,760 --> 00:27:18,080 Speaker 1: as Missed in History. You can come and visit our 512 00:27:18,119 --> 00:27:20,600 Speaker 1: website missed in History dot com for all of our 513 00:27:20,640 --> 00:27:23,040 Speaker 1: episodes and show notes on anything Tracy and I have 514 00:27:23,119 --> 00:27:30,800 Speaker 1: worked on together. So come and visit us. For more 515 00:27:30,840 --> 00:27:33,480 Speaker 1: on this and thousands of other topics, visit how staff 516 00:27:33,480 --> 00:27:42,520 Speaker 1: works dot com.