1
00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,840
Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera.

2
00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:07,600
Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should know?

3
00:00:08,200 --> 00:00:16,479
Speaker 1: From how Stuff Works dot Com? Hey, and welcome to

4
00:00:16,480 --> 00:00:20,160
Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. I thought you were gonna

5
00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:24,079
Speaker 1: say I'm Radius and this is almah. Let's try that again. Shoh. Okay, Hey,

6
00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:27,000
Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. Charles W. Bryant is here,

7
00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:29,280
Speaker 1: and so am I. I'm Josh Clark and this is

8
00:00:29,320 --> 00:00:31,920
Speaker 1: stuff you should know. I thought you were gonna say,

9
00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:37,240
Speaker 1: I'm Radius and this is almah. Wow. Okay, okay, so olmah,

10
00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:40,600
Speaker 1: how are you doing, Radius? I'm doing fine. That's fantastic.

11
00:00:40,680 --> 00:00:45,040
Speaker 1: That good? Um, Chuck, Sorry, what I'm just gonna say?

12
00:00:45,080 --> 00:00:47,000
Speaker 1: You know, I'm just doing the wrist bond thing. Are

13
00:00:47,040 --> 00:00:52,040
Speaker 1: you metacarpal? Yeah? Um? Okay, so we start over. I

14
00:00:52,040 --> 00:00:55,240
Speaker 1: don't care. Okay, Yeah, we're gonna leave it in because

15
00:00:55,240 --> 00:00:58,480
Speaker 1: our producer Jerry loves this kind of stuff. Uh, and

16
00:00:58,800 --> 00:01:02,320
Speaker 1: we're gonna go forward about that, Chuck. Um, you served

17
00:01:02,320 --> 00:01:05,200
Speaker 1: in the Vietnam War, correct? That is correct? That is

18
00:01:05,280 --> 00:01:09,080
Speaker 1: not correct. That was not even born yet, are you sure, jerk? Yeah?

19
00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:13,119
Speaker 1: When did Vietnam? And oh well, sure I was born,

20
00:01:13,160 --> 00:01:17,520
Speaker 1: then I wasn't born. Then good for you. Um well, chuck, surely.

21
00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:20,640
Speaker 1: Growing up in the eighties, you heard of Agent Orange,

22
00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:25,680
Speaker 1: remember the skateboard company? Absolutely yeah, so, um that just

23
00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:28,120
Speaker 1: really attracted me. I never had an Agent Orange skateboard.

24
00:01:28,160 --> 00:01:30,240
Speaker 1: I was more of a Powell per Alta fan, Mike

25
00:01:30,319 --> 00:01:34,600
Speaker 1: McGill specifically. Um, but I always thought Asian Orange just cool.

26
00:01:34,640 --> 00:01:37,080
Speaker 1: It just had the coolest name. Yeah. And then I

27
00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:39,760
Speaker 1: came to find find out that it was actually an herbicide,

28
00:01:40,080 --> 00:01:42,320
Speaker 1: and it's not that cool. Yeah. I used to get

29
00:01:42,319 --> 00:01:45,080
Speaker 1: it confused with the napalm. Yeah. I knew there were

30
00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:47,320
Speaker 1: different things, but I would napalm was orange, and so

31
00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:49,800
Speaker 1: it would kind of confuse me. Have you ever made

32
00:01:49,880 --> 00:01:54,120
Speaker 1: napalm at home? No? I haven't, Okay. Um well, once

33
00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:57,360
Speaker 1: I came to find out that Agent Orange was an herbicide, um,

34
00:01:57,760 --> 00:01:59,840
Speaker 1: I kind of lost interest in it. And then now

35
00:02:00,080 --> 00:02:04,560
Speaker 1: here we are, what ten, twelve, fifteen years later, and

36
00:02:04,640 --> 00:02:07,640
Speaker 1: my interest is once again peaked because Agent Orange was

37
00:02:07,680 --> 00:02:12,280
Speaker 1: about the baddest mofo that the US Army deployed against

38
00:02:12,320 --> 00:02:15,239
Speaker 1: the Vietnamese. Right now, actually Agent Purple may have been,

39
00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:18,200
Speaker 1: but we'll get into that. Okay, well let's talk about it.

40
00:02:18,639 --> 00:02:20,840
Speaker 1: Agent Orange. Let's let's give a little background and just

41
00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:22,800
Speaker 1: how much agent orange is used. As we said, it

42
00:02:22,840 --> 00:02:28,120
Speaker 1: was an herbicide now, very very potent herbicide acting and um,

43
00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:31,520
Speaker 1: you want to do the stats, buddy, that's my deal.

44
00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:36,760
Speaker 1: It is a defoliant. And we used about eleven million

45
00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:42,360
Speaker 1: gallons of specifically of agent orange alone forty two million leaders, yes,

46
00:02:42,960 --> 00:02:46,040
Speaker 1: from January of sixty five April nineteen seventy and about

47
00:02:46,040 --> 00:02:50,880
Speaker 1: twenty million gallons, which is uh, that is about oh,

48
00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:53,160
Speaker 1: I don't know, somewhere in the neighborhood is seventy six

49
00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:59,600
Speaker 1: million leaders, very good total herbicides altogether from seventy one right,

50
00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:01,560
Speaker 1: it was that's a lot. As a matter of fact,

51
00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:05,120
Speaker 1: I think, um over the course of six thousand missions

52
00:03:05,639 --> 00:03:08,560
Speaker 1: spraying missions, because it was all aerial as far as

53
00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:14,640
Speaker 1: I know, um, about uh of Vietnam was sprayed with

54
00:03:14,680 --> 00:03:18,600
Speaker 1: agient orange alone. That is a lot of herbicide. Yeah,

55
00:03:18,680 --> 00:03:21,400
Speaker 1: and that's a substantial portion of a country to be

56
00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:25,640
Speaker 1: infected with a harmful, dangerous killer. Yeah. Now, anybody who's

57
00:03:25,639 --> 00:03:28,560
Speaker 1: sprayed like ground up or some other herbicide around the garden,

58
00:03:28,880 --> 00:03:31,760
Speaker 1: you kind of almost have this uh this natural inclination

59
00:03:31,800 --> 00:03:34,120
Speaker 1: to keep it away from you as much as possible,

60
00:03:34,440 --> 00:03:36,360
Speaker 1: and when some gets on your fingers, you like run

61
00:03:36,400 --> 00:03:38,880
Speaker 1: inside and wash your hands fifty times. Right. I can't

62
00:03:38,920 --> 00:03:41,280
Speaker 1: use any of that stuff because the animals and you know,

63
00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:44,360
Speaker 1: it's it's rough stuff. It can be, right, but it

64
00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:48,800
Speaker 1: does kill the grass, as did agent orange. But not

65
00:03:48,880 --> 00:03:52,360
Speaker 1: only did agent orange killed grass, it killed everything. And

66
00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:55,920
Speaker 1: what's ironic about it is that it's actually it was

67
00:03:56,120 --> 00:03:59,880
Speaker 1: it's actually a growth regulator, meaning that it stimulates growth

68
00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:02,920
Speaker 1: and plants. That shocked me, Yeah, it was shocking. I

69
00:04:02,920 --> 00:04:04,640
Speaker 1: thought it was a flat out killer. But apparently what

70
00:04:04,680 --> 00:04:07,480
Speaker 1: it does is it if it's used too much, then

71
00:04:07,880 --> 00:04:10,600
Speaker 1: they grow to the point where it dries out and dies. Yeah,

72
00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:13,320
Speaker 1: it grows so fast that the water depletes its water

73
00:04:13,320 --> 00:04:16,240
Speaker 1: supply very quickly. And that's that crazy. Never knew that.

74
00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:20,120
Speaker 1: But there's this guy, a botanist named Dr Arthur W. Galston,

75
00:04:20,760 --> 00:04:24,560
Speaker 1: and he actually created agent orange, and he did create

76
00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:27,880
Speaker 1: it as a growth regulator to boost plant growth. Um

77
00:04:27,920 --> 00:04:31,200
Speaker 1: And after the military got ahold of it, yeah, he

78
00:04:31,320 --> 00:04:35,719
Speaker 1: started to realize that his his invention was being used

79
00:04:35,760 --> 00:04:39,440
Speaker 1: in a really horrible way. And actually campaigned against it. Yeah,

80
00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:41,160
Speaker 1: I feel I felt bad for that guy, but that's

81
00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:43,360
Speaker 1: his legacy. And well, did you read that quote from him?

82
00:04:43,920 --> 00:04:45,560
Speaker 1: And I agree with it? Yeah, you want to you

83
00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:48,320
Speaker 1: want to read it? Uh? Yeah, Josh. The quote is

84
00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:51,239
Speaker 1: nothing that you do in science is guaranteed to result

85
00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:55,120
Speaker 1: in benefits for mankind. Any discovery, I believe is morally neutral,

86
00:04:55,520 --> 00:04:58,400
Speaker 1: and it can be turned either to constructive or destructive ends.

87
00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:00,880
Speaker 1: That's not the fault of science, right, And I agree

88
00:05:00,920 --> 00:05:03,920
Speaker 1: with that. Yeah, And I'm sure Philip Oppenheimer would agree

89
00:05:03,960 --> 00:05:06,640
Speaker 1: with that as well. You know, I mean he created

90
00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:13,120
Speaker 1: nuclear vision I'm pretty sure he created nuclear vision um

91
00:05:13,200 --> 00:05:16,880
Speaker 1: and it was used in a catastrophic manner to kill

92
00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:22,279
Speaker 1: hundreds of thousands, millions probably people. He didn't create it

93
00:05:22,320 --> 00:05:24,720
Speaker 1: for that, and it was just he created something and

94
00:05:25,040 --> 00:05:27,920
Speaker 1: basically open Pandora's box and there you go. So I

95
00:05:28,279 --> 00:05:32,359
Speaker 1: agree with Galston's um assessment as well. But still the

96
00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:34,520
Speaker 1: fact remains the U. S. Military got ahold of this

97
00:05:34,680 --> 00:05:39,840
Speaker 1: and they sprayed it everywhere they could. So chuck um,

98
00:05:39,880 --> 00:05:42,080
Speaker 1: what's the problem with it? I mean, aside from the

99
00:05:42,120 --> 00:05:45,119
Speaker 1: fact that you know, if you're living in Vietnam, in

100
00:05:45,120 --> 00:05:47,960
Speaker 1: in you know, between nine and seventy and they come

101
00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:50,880
Speaker 1: over your village and spray that stuff. Number one, it's

102
00:05:50,920 --> 00:05:54,279
Speaker 1: probably going to stink, which it did. Number two, you're

103
00:05:54,320 --> 00:05:57,479
Speaker 1: covered in herbicide. Number three, all of your trees are

104
00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:00,479
Speaker 1: suddenly leafless. What are some other problems that it posed, well,

105
00:06:00,520 --> 00:06:02,520
Speaker 1: not only trees, buddy, Well, we should point out that

106
00:06:02,600 --> 00:06:05,520
Speaker 1: the reason they did this was because of the thick

107
00:06:05,640 --> 00:06:08,880
Speaker 1: jungle cover in Vietnam made it very difficult for snipers

108
00:06:08,960 --> 00:06:12,240
Speaker 1: and uh air squadrons to see what's going on, not

109
00:06:12,279 --> 00:06:14,640
Speaker 1: to mention the guys in the jungle, so they would

110
00:06:14,720 --> 00:06:17,560
Speaker 1: use this herbicide to just wipe it out completely and

111
00:06:17,560 --> 00:06:21,039
Speaker 1: make it like a barren black landscape, so you know,

112
00:06:21,080 --> 00:06:24,640
Speaker 1: the enemy could be seen. So um, not only did

113
00:06:24,680 --> 00:06:28,160
Speaker 1: it kill the vegetation, but it also killed crops, and

114
00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:32,800
Speaker 1: it also destroys the roots system and really completely. I

115
00:06:32,800 --> 00:06:35,480
Speaker 1: mean it gets into the soil, so nothing would grow

116
00:06:35,520 --> 00:06:38,599
Speaker 1: there afterward either, I mean that would eventually if you eradicated,

117
00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:42,640
Speaker 1: but sure well, and also without um roots systems, then

118
00:06:42,760 --> 00:06:46,760
Speaker 1: your soil structure is messed up. And so apparently you know,

119
00:06:47,040 --> 00:06:52,120
Speaker 1: Vietnam's monsoons carried much of the top soil away the right,

120
00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:56,000
Speaker 1: which also, um, then that the the the agent orange

121
00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:59,840
Speaker 1: entered the water, right, yeah, polluted that, and then you

122
00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:02,520
Speaker 1: have a big problem with cropland so we've got the

123
00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:05,320
Speaker 1: polluted water supply. So even if you do have crops,

124
00:07:05,320 --> 00:07:08,000
Speaker 1: and you're just spraying more agent orange on when you

125
00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:10,440
Speaker 1: irrigate it. So it's it's kind of a vicious cycle.

126
00:07:11,680 --> 00:07:13,760
Speaker 1: At the time, though, Yeah, you're getting rid of snipers,

127
00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:16,640
Speaker 1: which were a huge problem in Vietnam. And also supposedly

128
00:07:16,680 --> 00:07:19,280
Speaker 1: this the US government secretly sprayed the Ho Chiumn trail

129
00:07:19,320 --> 00:07:24,080
Speaker 1: in Cambodia, which they were definitely not supposed to, and

130
00:07:24,120 --> 00:07:28,120
Speaker 1: that was a key supply route into Vietnam. So yeah,

131
00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:31,200
Speaker 1: there there was a reason. This wasn't just like, hey,

132
00:07:31,200 --> 00:07:32,960
Speaker 1: we're over here, and why don't we just get rid

133
00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:36,400
Speaker 1: of all the vegetation you know. Um. But again, Chuck,

134
00:07:36,480 --> 00:07:41,200
Speaker 1: I repose my question, what's the Actually no, you did

135
00:07:41,280 --> 00:07:43,840
Speaker 1: answer it. But I think the problem is, Okay, so

136
00:07:44,040 --> 00:07:46,720
Speaker 1: most of the stuff has grown back, right, we're talking

137
00:07:46,760 --> 00:07:49,600
Speaker 1: like almost forty years ago. More, Yeah, we're talking almost

138
00:07:49,640 --> 00:07:52,760
Speaker 1: forty years ago. The trees have grown back, the vegetations

139
00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:55,680
Speaker 1: grown back. What's the problem. Why are we still talking

140
00:07:55,720 --> 00:08:00,080
Speaker 1: about agian orange. Well, because it um it's been care

141
00:08:00,240 --> 00:08:04,920
Speaker 1: down through uh genetics essentially right through through families. Well,

142
00:08:04,920 --> 00:08:08,920
Speaker 1: what's the active ingredient that's that's so nefarious? Are you

143
00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:12,920
Speaker 1: talking about the dioxin? I am indeed my friend. Yeah,

144
00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:15,240
Speaker 1: the docks and is the trouble. Now, you may have

145
00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:20,040
Speaker 1: heard of dioxins, uh with with that whole tupperware thing,

146
00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:22,040
Speaker 1: that tupperware I'm sorry tupperware. I don't know if you

147
00:08:22,120 --> 00:08:24,600
Speaker 1: use it or not, but some of these um food

148
00:08:24,680 --> 00:08:30,360
Speaker 1: storage containers. I think dioxin is a softener that that's

149
00:08:30,440 --> 00:08:33,600
Speaker 1: used in plastics to make them keep them from snapping,

150
00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:36,520
Speaker 1: being very brittle and snapping. The problem is as they

151
00:08:36,559 --> 00:08:40,000
Speaker 1: can considerably leach out and you're not supposed to have

152
00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:43,560
Speaker 1: dioxins in them there, but curin disruptors. We everyone has

153
00:08:43,600 --> 00:08:45,440
Speaker 1: a little bit of docks and in our system. Well, yeah,

154
00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:48,400
Speaker 1: aren't they naturally occurring in to some degree? Yeah? And

155
00:08:48,400 --> 00:08:50,480
Speaker 1: and but beyond that, the fact that it's used in

156
00:08:50,480 --> 00:08:52,920
Speaker 1: things like those kind of plastic small amounts of docks

157
00:08:52,920 --> 00:08:54,640
Speaker 1: and are present and pretty much all of us. Plus

158
00:08:54,679 --> 00:08:58,600
Speaker 1: also when you burn trash, I believe dioxin are created

159
00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:01,120
Speaker 1: or released it's usually a by product I think of

160
00:09:01,200 --> 00:09:04,360
Speaker 1: some other which I know you do on the weekend,

161
00:09:04,440 --> 00:09:06,520
Speaker 1: so you should probably go get checked from a big

162
00:09:06,559 --> 00:09:09,040
Speaker 1: copper smelter. But yeah, but we can, we can deal

163
00:09:09,080 --> 00:09:11,240
Speaker 1: with some level of die ox. And the problem is

164
00:09:11,320 --> 00:09:14,439
Speaker 1: is Agent Orange that had such high concentrations of dioxins

165
00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:18,680
Speaker 1: in them that there were some serious health effects, right,

166
00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:21,680
Speaker 1: And the Department of Veterans Affairs actually claimed that it

167
00:09:21,760 --> 00:09:25,440
Speaker 1: only had minute traces of docks and initially and uh

168
00:09:25,760 --> 00:09:27,559
Speaker 1: for agent Orange it was t C d D. It

169
00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:31,120
Speaker 1: was was the specific docks. And but that's just not

170
00:09:31,200 --> 00:09:34,760
Speaker 1: true because people in Vietnam, in some areas have blood

171
00:09:34,840 --> 00:09:38,360
Speaker 1: levels up to ten times above normal for DOC containing

172
00:09:38,400 --> 00:09:43,000
Speaker 1: docks and today yeah, yeah, and uh, originally, like right

173
00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:46,080
Speaker 1: after the Vietnam War, even during I believe some people

174
00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:50,160
Speaker 1: had about two d times the normal level. Right, So yeah,

175
00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:52,120
Speaker 1: there's a lot of dios and flying around and these

176
00:09:52,120 --> 00:09:55,120
Speaker 1: were all in areas where agent Orange was being sprayed.

177
00:09:55,400 --> 00:09:59,599
Speaker 1: And we're talking cancer, we're talking births, birth defects, miscarriages.

178
00:09:59,679 --> 00:10:01,280
Speaker 1: You want to know how it gets in there and

179
00:10:01,360 --> 00:10:05,400
Speaker 1: screech things up? So bad school, Okay, So um, basically,

180
00:10:05,480 --> 00:10:12,640
Speaker 1: dioxins are capable of binding to um it's fat soluble, right, exactly,

181
00:10:13,679 --> 00:10:17,920
Speaker 1: they're capable of binding to hormone receptor sites, right. So

182
00:10:18,120 --> 00:10:21,640
Speaker 1: um it can also very easily get into the nucleus

183
00:10:21,679 --> 00:10:25,560
Speaker 1: of your cells. When that happens, my friend, your DNA

184
00:10:25,679 --> 00:10:29,520
Speaker 1: can be tampered with. Okay, So let's say you remember

185
00:10:29,640 --> 00:10:31,400
Speaker 1: that we were talking about the chicken or the egg,

186
00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:35,040
Speaker 1: and and mutations take place in the zygote stage. So

187
00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:38,160
Speaker 1: let's say a couple of parents of a child have

188
00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:42,800
Speaker 1: dioxins in their cells, in the nucleus of their cells,

189
00:10:42,880 --> 00:10:46,000
Speaker 1: and these cells are contributed to create the zygote. Well,

190
00:10:46,040 --> 00:10:49,040
Speaker 1: if the if the dioxin has managed to mess with

191
00:10:49,080 --> 00:10:51,640
Speaker 1: the d n A, it's going to send all sorts

192
00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:55,640
Speaker 1: of funky instructions. And that's how you get things like, um,

193
00:10:56,240 --> 00:10:59,640
Speaker 1: grossly misshapen heads. Yeah, you sent me some emails of

194
00:10:59,679 --> 00:11:03,520
Speaker 1: pictures of children, Vietnamese children. It's just awful. Yeah, it's amazing.

195
00:11:03,520 --> 00:11:06,440
Speaker 1: If you type in agent orange and go to search

196
00:11:06,600 --> 00:11:09,880
Speaker 1: image results in Google, it's startling some of the things

197
00:11:09,880 --> 00:11:12,720
Speaker 1: that happened. One one I saw it was a picture

198
00:11:12,760 --> 00:11:15,000
Speaker 1: of a five year old girl who didn't have eyes.

199
00:11:15,040 --> 00:11:17,960
Speaker 1: It was just skin and kind of a depression because

200
00:11:17,960 --> 00:11:21,000
Speaker 1: she still had the the ocular cavity in her skull,

201
00:11:21,320 --> 00:11:23,320
Speaker 1: but it was a skin grown over it, and I

202
00:11:23,360 --> 00:11:25,520
Speaker 1: was reading the caption next to it. They were saying

203
00:11:25,520 --> 00:11:29,120
Speaker 1: they think what happened was um the hormones that were

204
00:11:29,200 --> 00:11:33,640
Speaker 1: released that are supposed to instruct the cell to develop

205
00:11:33,760 --> 00:11:37,840
Speaker 1: eyes or to instruct the body to develop eyes failed

206
00:11:37,840 --> 00:11:40,439
Speaker 1: to do so because there was dioxen bound to these

207
00:11:40,440 --> 00:11:43,280
Speaker 1: receptor sites that should have gotten that hormone and taking

208
00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:46,800
Speaker 1: the information and created eyes. So it gets in there

209
00:11:46,840 --> 00:11:49,000
Speaker 1: pretty bad and it can be passed down and Vietnam

210
00:11:49,080 --> 00:11:51,800
Speaker 1: has a real problem right now. I think they estimate

211
00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:54,760
Speaker 1: as many as one million of the four million people

212
00:11:54,760 --> 00:11:59,280
Speaker 1: who live in Vietnam have been poisoned by agent orange. Yeah, yeah,

213
00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:01,560
Speaker 1: And you were said earlier that it's the worst, and

214
00:12:01,559 --> 00:12:04,000
Speaker 1: I brought up agent purple. They actually had a bunch

215
00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:06,880
Speaker 1: of agents with the colors, and evidently they were named

216
00:12:06,920 --> 00:12:10,120
Speaker 1: by the not by the color of the chemical, but

217
00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:12,640
Speaker 1: the color of the container that it came in. There

218
00:12:12,679 --> 00:12:16,360
Speaker 1: was an orange stripe on the container, so agent purple

219
00:12:16,400 --> 00:12:18,920
Speaker 1: and agent pink. They use millions of gallons of this

220
00:12:18,960 --> 00:12:22,680
Speaker 1: stuff too, and it's possibly even more deadly because agent

221
00:12:22,679 --> 00:12:26,520
Speaker 1: purple has three times as much docks and as agent orange. Yeah,

222
00:12:26,840 --> 00:12:29,640
Speaker 1: you don't hear much about agent pink or agent purple, No,

223
00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:33,000
Speaker 1: I think because agent orange was used in spades. So sure,

224
00:12:33,400 --> 00:12:36,760
Speaker 1: you know it's odd you said that cancer is a

225
00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:40,120
Speaker 1: is a result of agent orange or dioxen poisoning, right,

226
00:12:40,320 --> 00:12:44,920
Speaker 1: yeah about risk of an increased risk? Well, cancer is

227
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:49,079
Speaker 1: uncontrolled cellular growth, right, that's it. Um. What's what's surprising

228
00:12:49,160 --> 00:12:51,400
Speaker 1: is that you remember we were talking about agent orange

229
00:12:51,440 --> 00:12:54,360
Speaker 1: being a growth regulator and that it causes plants to

230
00:12:54,400 --> 00:12:58,240
Speaker 1: grow rapidly. Interesting in humans, the exact opposite happens. In

231
00:12:58,360 --> 00:13:04,080
Speaker 1: small doses, dioxins actually keep cancer cells in check from growing,

232
00:13:04,200 --> 00:13:08,280
Speaker 1: but then in larger doses it promotes this uncontrolled growth.

233
00:13:08,360 --> 00:13:11,240
Speaker 1: So it has the the exact opposite effect on humans

234
00:13:11,240 --> 00:13:14,040
Speaker 1: as it does plants. It's weird, is that it's very weird.

235
00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:16,560
Speaker 1: And I know the w h O, the World Health Organization,

236
00:13:17,080 --> 00:13:20,360
Speaker 1: it's it's officially classified as a as a known carcinogen.

237
00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:24,800
Speaker 1: So yeah, there's no mistaking it. No, but there's still

238
00:13:24,800 --> 00:13:27,160
Speaker 1: a debate. Well, there's not much of a debate anymore,

239
00:13:27,240 --> 00:13:31,520
Speaker 1: but there has been um since the eighties. Well since

240
00:13:31,559 --> 00:13:36,320
Speaker 1: the seventies really about whether or not Asian orange caused

241
00:13:36,360 --> 00:13:41,079
Speaker 1: all these problems. Why why lawsuits? Yep, because no one

242
00:13:41,080 --> 00:13:44,480
Speaker 1: wants to pay and be responsible for this. No, and

243
00:13:44,559 --> 00:13:47,000
Speaker 1: certainly not the U. S Government, which has actually been

244
00:13:47,120 --> 00:13:51,160
Speaker 1: hiding behind um sovereign immunity. Yeah. That means the US

245
00:13:51,200 --> 00:13:54,680
Speaker 1: government cannot be sued. Yeah, it's as simple as that,

246
00:13:54,880 --> 00:13:58,960
Speaker 1: nicely done. Yeah. Basically, there's this it's a doctrine. Uh,

247
00:13:59,080 --> 00:14:02,360
Speaker 1: that's it's stablished, this international law. And you it says,

248
00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:06,280
Speaker 1: like Chuck said, you can't sue a government, right, So

249
00:14:06,360 --> 00:14:11,080
Speaker 1: everybody went after the chemical companies instead. And I think

250
00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:13,840
Speaker 1: it behooves us to mention some of these chemical companies

251
00:14:13,840 --> 00:14:18,640
Speaker 1: that created agent orange. Uh, Dow, Monsanto, Hercules, Diamond, Shamrock

252
00:14:18,720 --> 00:14:21,040
Speaker 1: were four the big ones, right, and they all say

253
00:14:21,080 --> 00:14:23,000
Speaker 1: that they were contracted out by the government to do

254
00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:25,360
Speaker 1: a job. So it's not our fault. Yeah, And the

255
00:14:25,440 --> 00:14:29,480
Speaker 1: Supreme Court, I believe upheld that, or at least tossed

256
00:14:29,480 --> 00:14:32,560
Speaker 1: out a lawsuit that challenged that. Uh that you know,

257
00:14:32,600 --> 00:14:35,280
Speaker 1: these companies were working as government contractors and were ordered

258
00:14:35,280 --> 00:14:38,600
Speaker 1: to produce agent orange for the government, so by default

259
00:14:38,600 --> 00:14:42,760
Speaker 1: they're protected by sovereign immunity, say, by proxy. Basically, it

260
00:14:42,760 --> 00:14:44,880
Speaker 1: seems like anytime there's been a big suit, it's kind

261
00:14:44,880 --> 00:14:47,240
Speaker 1: of resulted in a big, fat dead end. Yes, but

262
00:14:47,520 --> 00:14:50,520
Speaker 1: we should say that those four companies I mentioned, in

263
00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:54,840
Speaker 1: addition to I think three others, yes, seven total, um

264
00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:58,400
Speaker 1: ended up paying out two and forty million dollars class

265
00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:01,720
Speaker 1: actions too, Yeah, to two hun people. Right, and that

266
00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:04,840
Speaker 1: was a settlement to right. Yeah, that was a settlement. Sure,

267
00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:08,200
Speaker 1: but there's still plenty of other people who have lawsuits

268
00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:10,920
Speaker 1: pending or would like to sue, but it doesn't look

269
00:15:10,960 --> 00:15:13,960
Speaker 1: like it's going to be happening. There was an attorney

270
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:17,720
Speaker 1: for Vietnamese a national who is trying to sue one

271
00:15:17,720 --> 00:15:22,080
Speaker 1: of the chemical companies, who said that the the ruling

272
00:15:22,160 --> 00:15:26,840
Speaker 1: that the government UH ordered or that because the government

273
00:15:26,920 --> 00:15:30,480
Speaker 1: ordered these chemical companies to produce agent orange, that they

274
00:15:30,480 --> 00:15:34,640
Speaker 1: were government contracts, and therefore, the lawyer said, that's pretty

275
00:15:34,720 --> 00:15:36,800
Speaker 1: much the end of agent orange lawsuits. Right. Did you

276
00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:40,840
Speaker 1: ever see The Fog of War? The documentary Errol Morris is,

277
00:15:40,880 --> 00:15:43,160
Speaker 1: you know, it's one of my heroes as a filmmaker.

278
00:15:43,680 --> 00:15:46,160
Speaker 1: You should check that out. It's it's it's an hour

279
00:15:46,200 --> 00:15:49,360
Speaker 1: and a half a long interview with Robert McNamara and

280
00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:54,160
Speaker 1: just hardcore, intense interview about the Vietnam War. I would

281
00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:56,680
Speaker 1: love to see that. It's it's really awesome fogg of war.

282
00:15:56,960 --> 00:16:00,840
Speaker 1: I'll check it out. So, Chuck, what all these lawsuits

283
00:16:00,880 --> 00:16:03,760
Speaker 1: are Some are being paid off, some aren't. There's still

284
00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:07,200
Speaker 1: a problem of dioxin poisoning in Vietnam. How do you

285
00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:10,000
Speaker 1: remediate this? Well, Josh, I have some numbers for you.

286
00:16:10,040 --> 00:16:12,640
Speaker 1: I think I know what you're getting at here. Uh,

287
00:16:12,960 --> 00:16:16,160
Speaker 1: just as an example, the town of Ben Trey has

288
00:16:16,240 --> 00:16:18,720
Speaker 1: one hundred and forty thousand people there and the Red

289
00:16:18,760 --> 00:16:22,120
Speaker 1: Cross estimates that fifty eight thousand of them have suffered

290
00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:25,320
Speaker 1: the effects of agent orange. That that's like more than

291
00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:28,600
Speaker 1: of the population and as you said, a million total

292
00:16:29,320 --> 00:16:31,600
Speaker 1: in the entire country. Right, But how do you how

293
00:16:31,640 --> 00:16:33,000
Speaker 1: do you clean this up? I mean this is a

294
00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:36,560
Speaker 1: I think Christopher Hitchens mentioned that it's been called an

295
00:16:36,600 --> 00:16:40,160
Speaker 1: eco side. Is that who said that? Yeah? So I

296
00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:42,720
Speaker 1: mean what do you do about this? Well? You clean

297
00:16:42,760 --> 00:16:45,880
Speaker 1: it up? Josh, Okay, Uh, there's well that's kind of

298
00:16:45,880 --> 00:16:49,200
Speaker 1: an expensive proposition. There is you know, ways that that

299
00:16:49,280 --> 00:16:51,480
Speaker 1: this can be cleaned up and and we said, a

300
00:16:51,520 --> 00:16:54,400
Speaker 1: lot of the um, A lot of the countryside has

301
00:16:54,400 --> 00:16:57,400
Speaker 1: been naturally reforested, right right, Are you talking about the

302
00:16:57,400 --> 00:17:00,360
Speaker 1: wall of trees? The wall of trees seems pretty cool. Yeah.

303
00:17:00,360 --> 00:17:04,000
Speaker 1: They planted essentially a barrier to protect people from this

304
00:17:04,160 --> 00:17:08,520
Speaker 1: in the form of trees. Yeah, which sounds I don't

305
00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:11,520
Speaker 1: know how that works. Actually, it probably leaches it out

306
00:17:11,520 --> 00:17:16,560
Speaker 1: of the soil eventually. UM that that or the um

307
00:17:16,600 --> 00:17:20,119
Speaker 1: the trees will hold the soil in place so it

308
00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:22,919
Speaker 1: won't be washed away, and then perhaps the soil can

309
00:17:22,960 --> 00:17:25,399
Speaker 1: act as a natural filter. We should also say that

310
00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:29,840
Speaker 1: UM dioxins appear to have about a half life of

311
00:17:29,920 --> 00:17:33,720
Speaker 1: seven years, but once they hit the top soil they

312
00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:36,119
Speaker 1: can actually they've been shown to to stick around a

313
00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:39,560
Speaker 1: lot longer. I think part of the problem is there's

314
00:17:39,600 --> 00:17:42,520
Speaker 1: a lot of people who have a lot of money, uh,

315
00:17:42,560 --> 00:17:45,439
Speaker 1: that don't want to part with it, who are saying,

316
00:17:45,680 --> 00:17:47,840
Speaker 1: you know what, this is just eventually going to work

317
00:17:47,880 --> 00:17:50,760
Speaker 1: itself out. Right, Well, they outlawed it, and Richard Nixon

318
00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:54,119
Speaker 1: actually outlawed it when they found conclusive test results and

319
00:17:54,200 --> 00:17:57,520
Speaker 1: lab rats. Yeah, but the damage was done, definitely, and

320
00:17:57,520 --> 00:17:59,720
Speaker 1: it has been going on, and it may be going

321
00:17:59,760 --> 00:18:02,920
Speaker 1: on without some sort of large scale intervention. It doesn't

322
00:18:02,920 --> 00:18:05,200
Speaker 1: look like that's going to be happening anytime soon. Should

323
00:18:05,240 --> 00:18:10,639
Speaker 1: we talk about Victor Victor Yushenko. Yes, he's actually a

324
00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:14,520
Speaker 1: living case study in diox and poisoning unity. Yes, he's

325
00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:17,679
Speaker 1: a Ukrainian politician and many of you may know this.

326
00:18:17,760 --> 00:18:21,240
Speaker 1: He was poisoned with Dixon, but survived during the two

327
00:18:21,240 --> 00:18:23,800
Speaker 1: thousand four presidential election, which you want, so not too

328
00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:27,480
Speaker 1: long ago. And he thinks he was purposely poisoned and

329
00:18:27,520 --> 00:18:30,639
Speaker 1: they traced it back to a dinner he had and uh,

330
00:18:30,640 --> 00:18:33,080
Speaker 1: but no one, you know, there have no charges have

331
00:18:33,160 --> 00:18:37,399
Speaker 1: been filed. No one's claimed responsibility. But you saw the

332
00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:41,800
Speaker 1: before and after pictures. Yeah, this effect on him, Yeah,

333
00:18:42,040 --> 00:18:44,199
Speaker 1: he was. He was a good looking man, he was.

334
00:18:44,320 --> 00:18:47,080
Speaker 1: After the diox and poison he ain't pretty no more. No,

335
00:18:47,359 --> 00:18:49,600
Speaker 1: his face was. And you should look this up on

336
00:18:49,640 --> 00:18:52,800
Speaker 1: the internet as well, and the Google images. No, no, no,

337
00:18:53,359 --> 00:18:58,320
Speaker 1: our our loyal fan base. It's um it's startling pockmarked face. Um,

338
00:18:58,480 --> 00:19:01,240
Speaker 1: deeply sw yeah, deeply talk marked like you know, moon

339
00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:06,000
Speaker 1: crater type stuff. Um, swollen swollen up, big circles under

340
00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:08,560
Speaker 1: his eyes. I mean I think they said he he

341
00:19:08,600 --> 00:19:13,119
Speaker 1: had six thousand times the normal level of docks and

342
00:19:13,240 --> 00:19:16,280
Speaker 1: is that right, which is the highest second highest ever

343
00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:19,760
Speaker 1: recorded any human that lived. Yeah, and he looks a

344
00:19:19,760 --> 00:19:22,359
Speaker 1: little better now, he does. And he's still up and

345
00:19:22,440 --> 00:19:26,440
Speaker 1: walking around, which is miraculous. But yeah, they you can't

346
00:19:26,520 --> 00:19:30,640
Speaker 1: keep your shanko down. And should we talk about the veterans, yeah,

347
00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:33,800
Speaker 1: zoom walt, Well then yeah, we'll get to that in

348
00:19:33,840 --> 00:19:37,040
Speaker 1: a second. But um in the v A set up

349
00:19:37,080 --> 00:19:41,440
Speaker 1: a program to officially deal with this and conducted health

350
00:19:41,480 --> 00:19:47,200
Speaker 1: exams on three and fifteen thousand veterans and uh, basically

351
00:19:47,320 --> 00:19:50,679
Speaker 1: the presumption is if you were exposed to agent orange,

352
00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:53,639
Speaker 1: then you've got some trouble and you have v A

353
00:19:53,720 --> 00:19:56,480
Speaker 1: care the v A. UM, even before the lawsuits, any

354
00:19:56,560 --> 00:19:59,480
Speaker 1: lawsuits were settled, the v A was operating on the

355
00:19:59,480 --> 00:20:02,280
Speaker 1: premise that, um, yeah, there there was a huge link

356
00:20:02,359 --> 00:20:06,359
Speaker 1: between agent orange exposure and all of these problems. So

357
00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:09,440
Speaker 1: the v A actually has done a lot to help

358
00:20:09,480 --> 00:20:13,040
Speaker 1: out veterans from Vietnam and actually Korea. And I didn't

359
00:20:13,040 --> 00:20:15,320
Speaker 1: even know we're in Korean the late sixties. Yeah, and

360
00:20:15,359 --> 00:20:19,440
Speaker 1: they actually that was hand sprayed by people, but by Koreans.

361
00:20:19,520 --> 00:20:21,919
Speaker 1: I got you. Um, actually not hand sprayed, but the

362
00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:24,679
Speaker 1: Koreans did the spraying and they actually the v A

363
00:20:24,840 --> 00:20:29,160
Speaker 1: is also covering the children of soldiers because a lot

364
00:20:29,160 --> 00:20:33,560
Speaker 1: of times passed on down and potentially even to another generation.

365
00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:37,080
Speaker 1: Well that's the problem in Vietnam. It's sticking around, So

366
00:20:37,119 --> 00:20:40,119
Speaker 1: I mean, eventually it will be rinsed out. I guess

367
00:20:40,119 --> 00:20:42,720
Speaker 1: you could put it genetically speaking, but that's a pretty

368
00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:45,120
Speaker 1: sick way of dealing with the situation. But that looks

369
00:20:45,119 --> 00:20:47,080
Speaker 1: like the way it's being handled. So you want to

370
00:20:47,080 --> 00:20:48,959
Speaker 1: talk about zoom Walt, now, sure if you want to,

371
00:20:49,720 --> 00:20:53,119
Speaker 1: I think so. He was a Navy Admiral um Almo

372
00:20:53,240 --> 00:20:57,120
Speaker 1: zoom Walt, Jr. And he commanded naval forces in Vietnam,

373
00:20:57,240 --> 00:21:01,160
Speaker 1: and he now has a destroyer class named after him,

374
00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:04,520
Speaker 1: the zoom Walt Class destroyer. Didn't know that. Um. On

375
00:21:04,520 --> 00:21:06,600
Speaker 1: a positive note, he was credited with helping to end

376
00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:09,280
Speaker 1: race and ginger discrimination in the navy, so that's a

377
00:21:09,280 --> 00:21:12,600
Speaker 1: good thing. But during the war he was concerned about

378
00:21:12,920 --> 00:21:15,920
Speaker 1: snipers and the Mekong Delta. He ordered agan orange to

379
00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,560
Speaker 1: be sprayed there. He had a son, Elmo the Third

380
00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:22,760
Speaker 1: or zoom Walt the Third, and he was commanding a

381
00:21:22,800 --> 00:21:25,040
Speaker 1: boat that was in the Mekong Delta at the time.

382
00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:28,720
Speaker 1: So essentially what he did was ended up spraying his

383
00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:31,280
Speaker 1: own son, I mean, not by his own hand, but

384
00:21:31,720 --> 00:21:33,720
Speaker 1: he gave the order to have it sprayed right where

385
00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:37,520
Speaker 1: his son was, and he died of cancer. Zoom walt

386
00:21:37,520 --> 00:21:41,440
Speaker 1: the third did, and his son, Elmo the fourth, has

387
00:21:41,480 --> 00:21:45,639
Speaker 1: a severe learning disability, and zoom walt to this day says,

388
00:21:45,720 --> 00:21:47,520
Speaker 1: you know, it haunts him to this day. And then

389
00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:51,960
Speaker 1: later later on zoom walt Um advocated for compensation for victims.

390
00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:54,960
Speaker 1: He he tried to fight the good fight afterwards. So

391
00:21:55,320 --> 00:21:58,800
Speaker 1: that's Agent Orange really in a nutshell. Yeah, if you

392
00:21:58,840 --> 00:22:00,919
Speaker 1: want to learn more about it, you can type in

393
00:22:00,960 --> 00:22:02,920
Speaker 1: those two words in the handy search bar of how

394
00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:05,560
Speaker 1: stuff Works dot com. It will bring up a really

395
00:22:05,560 --> 00:22:09,960
Speaker 1: good article written by our former colleague now freelancer Jacob Silverman,

396
00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:14,879
Speaker 1: which I guess leads us to I would say, I

397
00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:22,280
Speaker 1: don't know, listener, mail time, maybe I've got a couple

398
00:22:22,280 --> 00:22:24,200
Speaker 1: of couple for you here jobs. Do they have anything

399
00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:26,600
Speaker 1: to do with high fruit toast corn, sir, No, they don't.

400
00:22:26,680 --> 00:22:30,000
Speaker 1: This is from a serviceman serving in Rome, Italy, Okay,

401
00:22:30,160 --> 00:22:32,240
Speaker 1: And I like to read the ones from the serviceman

402
00:22:32,359 --> 00:22:34,560
Speaker 1: because I don't know you're proud to be an American

403
00:22:34,600 --> 00:22:36,880
Speaker 1: I am. Indeed, I just wanted to write and thank

404
00:22:36,920 --> 00:22:39,280
Speaker 1: you for the podcast. Serving in the Navy currently station

405
00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:43,239
Speaker 1: in Rome, Italy, because job I wasn't always in Rome,

406
00:22:43,280 --> 00:22:44,840
Speaker 1: into two and a half years on a ship in

407
00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:49,080
Speaker 1: Japan before this. Sadly, I don't have a glamorous job.

408
00:22:49,160 --> 00:22:51,880
Speaker 1: My compatriots and I are postal clerks. You never think

409
00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:53,920
Speaker 1: about these jobs that you have to do in the military,

410
00:22:53,960 --> 00:22:59,280
Speaker 1: these kind of everyday mundane chores. You doll good for you.

411
00:22:59,280 --> 00:23:01,879
Speaker 1: You're better than me. Uh. We make sure the letters

412
00:23:01,880 --> 00:23:04,439
Speaker 1: and care packages get from home in the States and

413
00:23:04,480 --> 00:23:05,920
Speaker 1: make it to the guys in the field in the rack.

414
00:23:06,359 --> 00:23:09,040
Speaker 1: You wouldn't believe how much theft and rifling takes place

415
00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:11,639
Speaker 1: when a partial is sent to when it arrives at

416
00:23:11,640 --> 00:23:15,320
Speaker 1: its destination. It's terrible. It is terrible and distressing. There

417
00:23:15,359 --> 00:23:16,760
Speaker 1: are not many of us here in Rome, no more

418
00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:18,359
Speaker 1: than a dozen or so, and there's always more than

419
00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:20,119
Speaker 1: enough work to do. I know this kind of a

420
00:23:20,200 --> 00:23:22,280
Speaker 1: long set up with no segue, but one of the

421
00:23:22,280 --> 00:23:24,640
Speaker 1: PCs I work with is a master of useless knowledge

422
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:27,400
Speaker 1: and facts. About everything and anything. In short, I work

423
00:23:27,480 --> 00:23:31,359
Speaker 1: with a real Cliff Claven from Cheers. He's a big

424
00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:34,000
Speaker 1: he's big, he's a maleman, he's funny and in true

425
00:23:34,040 --> 00:23:36,920
Speaker 1: Cheers tradition, he can pound a beer or seven. Sounds

426
00:23:36,920 --> 00:23:38,879
Speaker 1: like our kind of guy. Yea. But thanks to you

427
00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:41,400
Speaker 1: and your podcast, I can only keep up with him,

428
00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:45,480
Speaker 1: but have been able to trump him. So you yeah,

429
00:23:45,640 --> 00:23:47,520
Speaker 1: and he is. He's very psyched about this. He says,

430
00:23:47,560 --> 00:23:50,080
Speaker 1: you have no no idea how good that feels. I

431
00:23:50,119 --> 00:23:52,119
Speaker 1: listened to the podcast when I'm driving mail from the

432
00:23:52,119 --> 00:23:56,400
Speaker 1: airport to the various NATO installations and back. I look

433
00:23:56,440 --> 00:23:59,200
Speaker 1: forward to each and everyone. Take her easy, p S.

434
00:23:59,400 --> 00:24:03,080
Speaker 1: I'm sorry e C three s W langdon and please

435
00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:04,600
Speaker 1: give a shout out to the rest of the PCs

436
00:24:04,600 --> 00:24:07,400
Speaker 1: at m C a Rome So shout out you've been

437
00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:10,439
Speaker 1: shouted out the PCs. Yeah, I have another real quickie.

438
00:24:10,480 --> 00:24:11,960
Speaker 1: This is a tongue twister. And I know this is

439
00:24:12,080 --> 00:24:15,240
Speaker 1: long overdue, but this one is so hard and so

440
00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:17,760
Speaker 1: simple at the same time that I cannot even say it.

441
00:24:17,840 --> 00:24:28,199
Speaker 1: Once Irish wrist watch, Irish wi, Irish wristwatch. That was okay,

442
00:24:28,400 --> 00:24:31,399
Speaker 1: that was Jerry says, okay, Jerry the judges, all right, well,

443
00:24:31,480 --> 00:24:33,880
Speaker 1: let me try to get one more time. Irish wristwatch

444
00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:37,679
Speaker 1: rist better but still not not perfect. But I couldn't

445
00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:38,960
Speaker 1: even say it once, so it's not one of those

446
00:24:38,960 --> 00:24:41,480
Speaker 1: three times. Just did say it once well, with about

447
00:24:41,480 --> 00:24:44,080
Speaker 1: a five second lag and got all right. So we

448
00:24:44,119 --> 00:24:46,720
Speaker 1: want to thank Ryan for sending that in a truly

449
00:24:46,760 --> 00:24:50,719
Speaker 1: twisted tongue twister. Irish wristwatch not bad. Thanks, but you've

450
00:24:50,760 --> 00:24:54,840
Speaker 1: been drinking so it listens to the tongue. My friend. Uh,

451
00:24:54,880 --> 00:24:57,879
Speaker 1: if you want to send us a tongue twister that

452
00:24:57,920 --> 00:25:00,480
Speaker 1: has to do with the Irish or anybody else, if

453
00:25:00,520 --> 00:25:03,800
Speaker 1: you're stationed in Rome or anywhere else, or if you

454
00:25:03,840 --> 00:25:06,520
Speaker 1: just want to say hi, you don't have to impress this.

455
00:25:06,640 --> 00:25:09,000
Speaker 1: You can just say hi and you can send an

456
00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:17,600
Speaker 1: email to stuff Podcast at how stuff works dot com

457
00:25:17,600 --> 00:25:20,040
Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics. Because

458
00:25:20,080 --> 00:25:23,560
Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. Want more how stuff works,

459
00:25:23,840 --> 00:25:26,000
Speaker 1: check out our blogs on the house stuff works dot

460
00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:31,320
Speaker 1: com home page. Brought to you by the reinvented two

461
00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:33,880
Speaker 1: thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you