1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:02,600 Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two 2 00:00:02,640 --> 00:00:08,240 Speaker 1: events in history. On with the show. Hey I'm Eves, 3 00:00:08,680 --> 00:00:11,879 Speaker 1: and welcome to this Day in History Class, a show 4 00:00:11,960 --> 00:00:22,520 Speaker 1: that uncovers history one day at a time. The day 5 00:00:22,720 --> 00:00:28,320 Speaker 1: was June second, eighteen o two. Aboriginal resistance leader Pima 6 00:00:28,360 --> 00:00:31,680 Speaker 1: Boy was shot dead one are just before this day. 7 00:00:32,280 --> 00:00:36,519 Speaker 1: Pemma Boy led battles against European colonists in the colony 8 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:39,639 Speaker 1: of New South Wales who were attempting to state claims 9 00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:44,519 Speaker 1: on lands and resources in Australia. He's remembered as a 10 00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:48,640 Speaker 1: warrior who led guerrilla attacks on colonists where indigenous people 11 00:00:48,720 --> 00:00:52,800 Speaker 1: raised crops and farms and plundered livestock and property, and 12 00:00:53,120 --> 00:00:58,319 Speaker 1: he was known for being surprisingly resistant to bullets. There 13 00:00:58,320 --> 00:01:01,880 Speaker 1: are not many confirmed fact about Pimmel Boy's life. He 14 00:01:01,920 --> 00:01:05,000 Speaker 1: was born around seventeen fifty and he was a digical 15 00:01:05,080 --> 00:01:08,600 Speaker 1: man from the Botany Bay area of Sydney. His name 16 00:01:08,680 --> 00:01:11,880 Speaker 1: came from the word pim All, which meant earth or clay. 17 00:01:12,880 --> 00:01:15,800 Speaker 1: He was described as having a speck in his left eye, 18 00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:18,760 Speaker 1: and its believes that he was a charity or a 19 00:01:18,760 --> 00:01:22,520 Speaker 1: clever man or doctor who could heal wounds. One of 20 00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:24,520 Speaker 1: his feet had been hit with a club and his 21 00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:28,399 Speaker 1: toes were permanently injured. That injury could have been purposeful 22 00:01:28,520 --> 00:01:31,560 Speaker 1: as a mark of his status as a healer by 23 00:01:31,600 --> 00:01:35,280 Speaker 1: the late eighteenth century. In the early nineteenth century, Europeans 24 00:01:35,280 --> 00:01:40,560 Speaker 1: had begun colonizing Australia and sending convicts there. Indigenous Australians 25 00:01:40,560 --> 00:01:43,920 Speaker 1: have been living there for thousands of years, and colonists 26 00:01:43,920 --> 00:01:47,520 Speaker 1: were up ending society by bringing in new government, religion, 27 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:52,800 Speaker 1: and culture. Many Aboriginal people resisted the influx of colonists, 28 00:01:53,040 --> 00:01:57,640 Speaker 1: who took over land, brought disease and created competition over resources. 29 00:01:58,560 --> 00:02:01,400 Speaker 1: Pimla Boy was one of the original people who fought 30 00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:06,360 Speaker 1: against the incursion of Europeans. Governor Arthur Philip had appointed 31 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:10,400 Speaker 1: a convict name John McIntyre to hunt for game, but 32 00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:14,040 Speaker 1: Indigenous people were not too fond of McIntyre, as he 33 00:02:14,120 --> 00:02:17,480 Speaker 1: was said to have committed violent acts against them. He 34 00:02:17,560 --> 00:02:21,600 Speaker 1: allegedly wounded and killed several Indigenous people in his game hunts. 35 00:02:22,720 --> 00:02:25,880 Speaker 1: One day, Pemma Boy put a spear through the game shooter, 36 00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:31,080 Speaker 1: perforating his lung. McIntyre later died of his wounds, but 37 00:02:31,200 --> 00:02:34,200 Speaker 1: Philip did not believe that the attack was warranted as 38 00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:37,040 Speaker 1: McIntyre had not been armed at the time of the incident, 39 00:02:37,800 --> 00:02:41,160 Speaker 1: so the governor ordered an expedition of fifty marines carrying 40 00:02:41,200 --> 00:02:45,040 Speaker 1: hatchets and headbags to kill six Indigenous people at Botany 41 00:02:45,080 --> 00:02:50,520 Speaker 1: Bay and captured two. That expedition was not successful. Rumors 42 00:02:50,520 --> 00:02:54,279 Speaker 1: circulated that John Caesar, who was perhaps the first Australian 43 00:02:54,320 --> 00:02:57,880 Speaker 1: bush ranger, had killed Pemma Boy, but that was not 44 00:02:57,960 --> 00:03:02,079 Speaker 1: the case. Aboriginal peowl conducted raids for food or as 45 00:03:02,120 --> 00:03:06,600 Speaker 1: payback for colonists atrocities. Pemma Boy led a series of 46 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:11,480 Speaker 1: raids against colonists. He led one at Prospect the Digical 47 00:03:11,639 --> 00:03:16,799 Speaker 1: Bird Huts, stole crops and attacked travelers. He also led 48 00:03:16,840 --> 00:03:19,880 Speaker 1: a raid at the government farm at tune Gabby, but 49 00:03:19,960 --> 00:03:23,440 Speaker 1: the Battle of Paramtta is perhaps the most notable conflict. 50 00:03:24,240 --> 00:03:27,440 Speaker 1: Pemma Boy and about a hundred Aboriginal warriors were tasted 51 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:30,280 Speaker 1: to the outskirts of Parameda by a group of armed 52 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:35,200 Speaker 1: colonists and soldiers, but Pemma Boy's group began spearing soldiers 53 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:39,240 Speaker 1: and soldiers opened fire on the Indigenous people. At least 54 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:43,400 Speaker 1: five Indigenous people were killed Pemma Boy was hit by 55 00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:47,160 Speaker 1: book shot and had some lodged his head and his body, 56 00:03:47,640 --> 00:03:51,120 Speaker 1: and he was taken to the hospital, but he recovered 57 00:03:51,160 --> 00:03:54,480 Speaker 1: and broke himself out of the Paramida hospital, leading to 58 00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:58,720 Speaker 1: talk of his immortality. Soon after his escape, he was 59 00:03:58,760 --> 00:04:03,120 Speaker 1: seen on the George's Ever near Botany Bay. On May one, 60 00:04:03,360 --> 00:04:07,000 Speaker 1: eighteen o one, Governor Philip King issued an order to 61 00:04:07,040 --> 00:04:10,680 Speaker 1: shoot Indigenous people who were near Paramatta, the Georgia's River 62 00:04:10,800 --> 00:04:14,800 Speaker 1: and Prospect Hill. Convicts who had joined the Aboriginal side 63 00:04:14,800 --> 00:04:18,360 Speaker 1: were outlawed and rewards were offered for penmel boys, capture 64 00:04:18,560 --> 00:04:23,520 Speaker 1: or killing. The order laid out the following rewards to 65 00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:27,320 Speaker 1: a prisoner for life or fourteen years, a conditional emancipation 66 00:04:27,880 --> 00:04:31,880 Speaker 1: to a person already conditionally emancipated, a free pardner, and 67 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:35,680 Speaker 1: a recommendation for a free passage to England to a settler, 68 00:04:36,080 --> 00:04:39,400 Speaker 1: the labor of a prisoner for twelve months, to any 69 00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:43,400 Speaker 1: other descriptions of persons, twenty gallons of spirits and two 70 00:04:43,400 --> 00:04:47,159 Speaker 1: suits of flops. Kim A Boy was shot dead and 71 00:04:47,200 --> 00:04:52,279 Speaker 1: decapitated one are before June second, eighteen o two. It's 72 00:04:52,320 --> 00:04:55,720 Speaker 1: not known who killed the resistance leader, though it's been 73 00:04:55,800 --> 00:05:00,080 Speaker 1: suggested that it was a man named Henry Hacking. My 74 00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:02,800 Speaker 1: boy's head was sent to Sir Joseph Banks in London 75 00:05:03,080 --> 00:05:06,359 Speaker 1: along with the letter from Governor King. In the letter, 76 00:05:06,480 --> 00:05:10,320 Speaker 1: King described Pemma Boy as a terrible pest to the colony, 77 00:05:10,600 --> 00:05:15,200 Speaker 1: but also a brave and independent character. Where Pemma Boy's 78 00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:19,800 Speaker 1: skull is today is unknown. I'm Eve stepf Coote and 79 00:05:19,839 --> 00:05:22,960 Speaker 1: hopefully you know a little more about history today than 80 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:26,599 Speaker 1: you did yesterday. If there are any upcoming days in 81 00:05:26,680 --> 00:05:29,440 Speaker 1: history that you'd really like me to cover on the show, 82 00:05:29,760 --> 00:05:32,760 Speaker 1: give us a shout on social media at t D 83 00:05:33,320 --> 00:05:38,520 Speaker 1: I h C podcast. And if you really love history, 84 00:05:38,560 --> 00:05:41,279 Speaker 1: there's another show that I think you will like. It's 85 00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,599 Speaker 1: called Unpopular and it's a podcast that I host that 86 00:05:44,680 --> 00:05:48,120 Speaker 1: is about people in history who rebelled and dissented and 87 00:05:48,200 --> 00:05:51,600 Speaker 1: challenge the status quo. And it goes in and takes 88 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:55,120 Speaker 1: a look at how we think about dissent and resistance today. 89 00:05:56,400 --> 00:06:08,880 Speaker 1: Thanks again for listening and we'll see you tomorrow. Hey, 90 00:06:08,960 --> 00:06:11,839 Speaker 1: y'all on Eve's and you're listening to This Day in 91 00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:15,400 Speaker 1: History Class a podcast for people interested in the big 92 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:25,480 Speaker 1: and small moments in history. The day was June second, 93 00:06:25,680 --> 00:06:30,960 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty six, NASA's lunar lander Surveyor one landed on 94 00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:34,160 Speaker 1: the Moon. The event marked the first time an American 95 00:06:34,240 --> 00:06:37,520 Speaker 1: space probe made a successful soft landing on the Moon. 96 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:43,080 Speaker 1: On February three, nineteen sixty six, the Soviet Union's Luna 97 00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:46,279 Speaker 1: nine became the first spacecraft to make a soft landing 98 00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:49,440 Speaker 1: on the Moon. By this time, the Soviets and the 99 00:06:49,480 --> 00:06:53,039 Speaker 1: Americans had successfully crash landed probes on the surface of 100 00:06:53,080 --> 00:06:56,599 Speaker 1: the Moon, but landing required something to cushion the landing, 101 00:06:56,760 --> 00:06:59,200 Speaker 1: like rockets, as well as a way to send the 102 00:06:59,240 --> 00:07:03,760 Speaker 1: information back to Earth. For Luna nine, the entire spacecraft 103 00:07:03,880 --> 00:07:07,560 Speaker 1: descended to the surface, but a landing capsule was ejected 104 00:07:07,720 --> 00:07:13,080 Speaker 1: just before impact. NASA launched the Surveyor program to demonstrate 105 00:07:13,080 --> 00:07:16,760 Speaker 1: the feasibility of lunar surface landings. The program was also 106 00:07:16,880 --> 00:07:21,120 Speaker 1: designed to get data in preparation for NASA's Apollo space missions. 107 00:07:22,400 --> 00:07:25,160 Speaker 1: Surveyor one was the first of the series of seven 108 00:07:25,280 --> 00:07:28,880 Speaker 1: robotic spacecraft sent to the Moon as part of the program. 109 00:07:28,880 --> 00:07:31,840 Speaker 1: It was designed as an engineering test flight for demonstration 110 00:07:31,920 --> 00:07:35,720 Speaker 1: of its launch vehicle, the Atlas Center. It also served 111 00:07:35,760 --> 00:07:39,640 Speaker 1: to demonstrate the spacecraft's mid chorus and terminal maneuvers, as 112 00:07:39,680 --> 00:07:43,840 Speaker 1: well as radar and rocket controlled soft landing. Another one 113 00:07:43,840 --> 00:07:47,200 Speaker 1: of the missions objectives was to demonstrate the ability of 114 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:51,520 Speaker 1: the surveyor communication system and deep space network to maintain 115 00:07:51,560 --> 00:07:54,960 Speaker 1: communications with the spacecraft during its flight and after a 116 00:07:55,000 --> 00:07:59,280 Speaker 1: soft landing. The planned landing site for Surveyor one was 117 00:07:59,320 --> 00:08:04,280 Speaker 1: the southwest part of Oceanic's Procellarum, a vast dark plaine 118 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:06,600 Speaker 1: on the western edge of the near side of the Moon. 119 00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:11,680 Speaker 1: Surveyor one lifted off from Cape Kennedy on May nineteen 120 00:08:11,720 --> 00:08:16,520 Speaker 1: sixty six. On June second, nineteen sixty six, Surveyor one 121 00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:19,160 Speaker 1: made a low speed three point landing on the Moon 122 00:08:19,480 --> 00:08:22,440 Speaker 1: after a flight that lasted more than sixty three hours. 123 00:08:22,960 --> 00:08:26,600 Speaker 1: It landed about nine miles or fifteen kilometers away from 124 00:08:26,640 --> 00:08:30,400 Speaker 1: its target point. The space probe used a retro rocket 125 00:08:30,520 --> 00:08:33,559 Speaker 1: and thrusters to slow the lander speed down before it 126 00:08:33,640 --> 00:08:36,199 Speaker 1: touched the surface of the Moon. It was the first 127 00:08:36,400 --> 00:08:40,520 Speaker 1: U S spacecraft to land softly on the Moon. The 128 00:08:40,600 --> 00:08:43,880 Speaker 1: lander's first hour on the Moon was spent on engineering tests. 129 00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:48,480 Speaker 1: It carried two television cameras. Before nightfall on June fourteenth, 130 00:08:48,720 --> 00:08:53,360 Speaker 1: Surveyor one transmitted more than eleven thousand high resolution television pictures. 131 00:08:53,920 --> 00:08:56,640 Speaker 1: The images sent back showed that the lunar surface was 132 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:00,640 Speaker 1: strong enough to support a landed vehicle or human. The 133 00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:03,000 Speaker 1: lander made it through the first lunar night, which is 134 00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:07,360 Speaker 1: about fourteen earth days long, on July. The mission was 135 00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:10,440 Speaker 1: ended because of a dramatic drop in battery voltage just 136 00:09:10,640 --> 00:09:15,680 Speaker 1: after sunset. Engineering information continued to be returned until January seven, 137 00:09:15,880 --> 00:09:20,600 Speaker 1: nine sixty seven. Surveyor two launched in September of nineteen 138 00:09:20,640 --> 00:09:24,200 Speaker 1: sixty six, but it crashed into the Moon. Five of 139 00:09:24,240 --> 00:09:28,440 Speaker 1: the Surveyor spacecraft successfully soft landed on the Moon. The 140 00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:33,480 Speaker 1: Surveyor program ended in nine Altogether, it cost four hundred 141 00:09:33,520 --> 00:09:37,960 Speaker 1: and sixty nine million dollars. I'm Eave Steph Coote and 142 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:40,920 Speaker 1: hopefully you know a little more about history today than 143 00:09:40,960 --> 00:09:44,640 Speaker 1: you did yesterday. And if you have any comment, start suggestions, 144 00:09:44,720 --> 00:09:46,920 Speaker 1: or any kind words you'd like to send us, you 145 00:09:46,960 --> 00:09:49,680 Speaker 1: can't hit us up at this day at iHeart Media 146 00:09:49,800 --> 00:09:52,439 Speaker 1: dot com. You can also follow us on social media 147 00:09:52,600 --> 00:09:56,400 Speaker 1: where at T D i HC Podcast on Facebook, Twitter, 148 00:09:56,480 --> 00:09:59,760 Speaker 1: and Instagram. Thanks so much for listening to the show. 149 00:10:00,120 --> 00:10:12,600 Speaker 1: We'll see you tomorrow. For more podcasts from I heart Radio, 150 00:10:12,720 --> 00:10:15,360 Speaker 1: visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you 151 00:10:15,400 --> 00:10:16,520 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.