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Speaker 1: Hey, and welcome to the Short Stuff. I'm Josh Clark,

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Speaker 1: There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, there's guest producer Dave Coustan

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Speaker 1: over there, and um, this is short stuff, So get up,

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Speaker 1: get e up, literally, because we're gonna go back to

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Speaker 1: the Old West, the root and two. In Old West,

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Speaker 1: we're jumping in the old way back machine. We're going

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Speaker 1: to eighteen seventy six, like Back to the Future three.

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Speaker 1: That's right. The movie I only saw once. That's all

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Speaker 1: you need. Uh. Some people love those. I didn't like

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Speaker 1: the sequels, but we don't have time for that. I

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Speaker 1: never saw the second one. Okay, go you skipped you

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Speaker 1: did one in three? Yeah? How interesting? Yeah, I like

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Speaker 1: odd numbers. Uh. So it's eighteen seventy six. And there

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Speaker 1: we're in San Antonio, Texas. Yep, there's no basement in

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Speaker 1: the Alamo. There's not. And the Alamo is quite tiny,

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Speaker 1: actually it really is. It's like the Mona Lisa of buildings,

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Speaker 1: that's right, or the Josh and Chuck of podcasters. People

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Speaker 1: don't know. We're only two ft tall. So, uh. We're

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Speaker 1: looking upon a scene. We're at a ranch and there's

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Speaker 1: a man over there named John Warren Gates, and he

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Speaker 1: is they call him bet a million Gates, And we

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Speaker 1: have just thrown some money down on a bet of

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Speaker 1: whether or not this little wire pin he has can

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Speaker 1: hold in these bulls and cows and horses and these

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Speaker 1: crazy longhorn steers. And my money is on no way, Gates,

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Speaker 1: no way, that little wire is going to hold these

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Speaker 1: animals in. Yeah. And I mean we put a significant

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Speaker 1: amount of money down because we just printed it ourselves,

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Speaker 1: because it's eighteen seventies six in the Old West, and

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Speaker 1: you can do that right, hundred semolians. But I bet

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Speaker 1: against him as well, Chuck. And the reason why is

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Speaker 1: because it's just a little a little couple of things

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Speaker 1: of wire with some barbs on it, and these are

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Speaker 1: some angry steers. And what's more, he has a gaucho

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Speaker 1: assistant wearing in Spanish at these um these cows and uh,

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Speaker 1: trying to get them riled up and buy goodness, we

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Speaker 1: just lost our bet, you know. But it was quite

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Speaker 1: a party, and we're hammered and we're gonna go back

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Speaker 1: to our canvas tent and sweat I ate the worm.

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Speaker 1: So here's the deal. That story may or not be

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Speaker 1: not true. May or be not true. Mayor be not

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Speaker 1: true your mayor. That's right. I'm glad we leave stuff

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Speaker 1: like this in. Yeah, that's what makes this us so. Uh,

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Speaker 1: we don't know if that's all true or not. It's

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Speaker 1: a great story, that's for sure. But what is super

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Speaker 1: true is that bed a million Gates was trying to

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Speaker 1: drum up some early press for this new fence made

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Speaker 1: by a man named Joseph Glidden that uh, the Native

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Speaker 1: Americans called, well, some people called the thorny fences. The

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Speaker 1: Native Americans called it what the devil's rope because they

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Speaker 1: didn't like it. But we just call it barbed wire. Yep,

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Speaker 1: barbed wire and um, and so Joseph Glyndon didn't invent

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Speaker 1: that stuff, although he did have a patent on what

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Speaker 1: we When you look at barbed wire, what you're looking

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Speaker 1: at is the variety that Joseph Glinden came up with,

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Speaker 1: But there are plenty of people who came up with

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Speaker 1: their own version prior to him. And I was looking

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Speaker 1: at like this list of them with pictures. Some of

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Speaker 1: those are just vicious looks like that. Um, they're basically

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Speaker 1: like cut up razor blades stuck in wire. I mean,

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Speaker 1: just horrible stuff. But what Glinton did was he took

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Speaker 1: a barb and he twisted it around a wire, and

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Speaker 1: then he added a second wire, just a plain wire

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Speaker 1: to twisted around the first wire to hold the barb

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Speaker 1: in place, keep it from sliding. But even more important

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Speaker 1: than that, because it's pretty simple, and somebody probably would

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Speaker 1: have come up with that sooner or later, was he

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Speaker 1: patented it, and he invented a method of um producing it,

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Speaker 1: mass producing it. And brother, did he mass produce it? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean before he he very brilliantly decided to keep

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Speaker 1: those barbs in place, which was the key. Those cows

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Speaker 1: would just go up and hoof of them over to

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Speaker 1: the side and slip right on through and sneak out

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Speaker 1: to the skating rink because they are cows are well

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Speaker 1: known as being among the smartest animals. Yes, and their

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Speaker 1: hoofs are you know, they can do very fine detailed work,

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Speaker 1: like an abacus work. That's right, So I believe before

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Speaker 1: my dumb jokes, you were saying how much he was

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Speaker 1: pumping this wire out by eight his factory into cab, Illinois.

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Speaker 1: We're turning out two hundred and sixty three thousand miles

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Speaker 1: of wire. Yes, and chuck, that is enough to circle

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Speaker 1: the Earth ten times over max. That's a trillion big

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Speaker 1: max stacked and yeah, and this was a big deal.

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Speaker 1: It wasn't just like, oh, he invented He invented some

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Speaker 1: stuff and it helped keep some cows in and now

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Speaker 1: we all use it and it's pretty neat. Like this

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Speaker 1: changed the face of the American West, along with other stuff,

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Speaker 1: but it had had a big impact on the foundation

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Speaker 1: and settling of the American West. Yeah, I mean at

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Speaker 1: least as much as like the locomotive, the telegraph. Um Like,

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Speaker 1: it was an enormous invention, especially for something so simple

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Speaker 1: barbed wire. It's extremely simple. But up to this point,

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Speaker 1: the Native Americans had been um living nomadic existences, hunting,

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Speaker 1: buffalo um, just basically moving around the Great Plains and

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Speaker 1: the prairie for basically fifteen thousand years. Uh, Like European

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Speaker 1: ancestry whites had showed up, but the first ones that

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Speaker 1: showed up basically said, Hey, I think this is I

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Speaker 1: think you guys are onto something. I'm gonna embrace this

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Speaker 1: kind of free range stuff and I'm bringing cattle and

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Speaker 1: sheep and all sorts of other animals but I'm not

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Speaker 1: gonna I'm just gonna let them just graze warever and

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Speaker 1: just move them around as the weather permits. And that

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Speaker 1: worked okay. But when barbed wire came along, all of

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Speaker 1: a sudden, these open, enormous, vast expanses suddenly became closed off.

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Speaker 1: And what used to just be common property that belonged

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Speaker 1: to everyone and no one, suddenly huge slices of it

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Speaker 1: were being um fenced off, literally, and that changed tens

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Speaker 1: of thousands of years of tradition in ten years maybe less. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And here's the thing. It's not like this was the

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Speaker 1: first fence. In the West. There were you know, they

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Speaker 1: could build wood fences, but in the Prairie States they

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Speaker 1: didn't have a ton of lumber. Uh, there weren't trees everywhere.

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Speaker 1: Wooden fences are super expensive, rock and stone walls like

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Speaker 1: are you kidding me to do for a whole farm?

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Speaker 1: Super expensive and also scarce. But what barbed wire did

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Speaker 1: is it democratized it and made it super cheap or

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Speaker 1: relatively cheap, I guess, compared to the other things, and

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Speaker 1: easy and fast to say this is my area and

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Speaker 1: you're not coming in, and these cows aren't getting out. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and we'll we'll talk about how that changed the nuts

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Speaker 1: and bolts of it. Right after this, so chuck. When

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Speaker 1: people started putting up these fences, not everybody was on

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Speaker 1: board with this. The Native Americans didn't like it, like

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Speaker 1: you said, They called the barbed wire devil rope the

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Speaker 1: old timey cowboys. Um, they didn't like it because they

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Speaker 1: embraced free range practices and all of a sudden, they're

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Speaker 1: cattle were getting caught up in this stuff. Because part

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Speaker 1: of the problem with barbed wires not only did it

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Speaker 1: keep stuff in, it kept stuff out, and so you

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Speaker 1: could get tangled up in it either way. And the

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Speaker 1: cattle that were used to just kind of roaming around

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Speaker 1: free range will get caught in this stuff and would

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Speaker 1: die of starvation infections. Um, they just get stuck in

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Speaker 1: the fence. It would never move again for the rest

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Speaker 1: of their lives, the rest of their short lives. Well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: and consider the Homestead Act. President Abraham Lincoln signed this

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Speaker 1: in eighteen sixty two that said, hey, are you an

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Speaker 1: honest citizen of the US. You can be a freed slave,

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Speaker 1: you can be a woman. You can go claim up

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Speaker 1: to a hundred and sixty acres of land out there

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Speaker 1: in the west. Just build a house, work that land

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Speaker 1: for five years. So all of a sudden, there's a

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Speaker 1: lot of people you talked about, the Native Americans ranging around.

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Speaker 1: Imagine your tribe, riding your horses to where you want

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Speaker 1: to go, and all of a sudden you're like, well,

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Speaker 1: here's a hundred and sixty acre fence that I now

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Speaker 1: have to drive around right. Drive, yeah, yeah, you just

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Speaker 1: a cattle drive okay, drive your horse right, all right.

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Speaker 1: I sounded like a city slicker there for a second.

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Speaker 1: But in the same way, you accidentally stumbled into the

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Speaker 1: proper termin knowledge. And that's right. But you know, like

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Speaker 1: we said, these European cowboys, the Native Americans, they're used

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Speaker 1: to this free range, and all of a sudden, these

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Speaker 1: homesteading farmers, a lot of whom were European. They were

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Speaker 1: staking their claim to property. Uh, sometimes legally, sometimes illegally, right,

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Speaker 1: But the result was the same. Man, if you put

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Speaker 1: up these fences, whether that was your land or it

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Speaker 1: was actually like common land, um, you were claiming it

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Speaker 1: as your own. And if you had a gun and

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Speaker 1: a rifle and some hired hands, you could defend that

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Speaker 1: land that was really common property. But you claimed for

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Speaker 1: your own and so the for all intents and purposes,

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Speaker 1: it was your land now. And this had an extensive

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Speaker 1: domino effect where the free range cowboys and Native Americans

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Speaker 1: UM lost that common grazing area. It got smaller and smaller.

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Speaker 1: And so as the grazing land became more and more concentrated,

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Speaker 1: there are more and more people, UM whose herds were

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Speaker 1: eating off of less and less land, and so it

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Speaker 1: no longer became a viable existence free range. And then

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Speaker 1: if you were a smaller landowner, you would have your

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Speaker 1: land encroached on by these larger landowners. Probably some guys

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Speaker 1: would show up with a gun and be like czar

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Speaker 1: heard now. And so all of this UM. The the

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Speaker 1: upshot of all this is that the people who had

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Speaker 1: the most land ended up taking over even more land,

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Speaker 1: and just a handful of people got the American West

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Speaker 1: concentrated into their hands. That's right. So, which is kind

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Speaker 1: of the history of America in a lot of ways.

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Speaker 1: It's still going on today. I mean, think about when

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Speaker 1: like Home Depot or Lows shows up in town. The

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Speaker 1: hardware store goes out of business, and the people who

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Speaker 1: used to work there now work at Lows. Or home depot.

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Speaker 1: So there were plenty of disputes. This was the Old West.

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Speaker 1: Plenty of them involved this fights and guns. But there

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Speaker 1: were actual gangs. There was gangs called the Blue Devils

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Speaker 1: or the have Alina's, and they were called fence cutting wars.

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Speaker 1: They would go in and the dead of night or

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Speaker 1: maybe in broad daylight, even if they were brazen and

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Speaker 1: well armed, and they would cut these wires and they

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Speaker 1: would leave messages and threats saying don't rebuild the stuff.

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Speaker 1: There were shootouts, there were people that were killed in

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Speaker 1: these fence cutting wars. Authorities eventually stepped in were like,

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Speaker 1: you know, the West, it needs to be a little

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Speaker 1: less wild, uh. And those wars ended, but the barbed

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Speaker 1: wire endured. It did. And I mean, you know, when

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Speaker 1: you think of the barbed wire, you think of the

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Speaker 1: Old West, but you also nowadays think of you know,

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Speaker 1: barb barbed wire stretching from Switzerland to the English Channel

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Speaker 1: in World War One, or wire uh uh um barbed

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Speaker 1: wire around um prisons. UM W. H. Olden wrote a

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Speaker 1: poem about it. He said that um barbed wire proclaims

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Speaker 1: that you are kept out or kept in, and when

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Speaker 1: you resist, it ripped you other barriers weather, crumble, grow, moss.

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Speaker 1: Wire merely rusts and keeps its sting, which reading which

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Speaker 1: doesn't doesn't really it doesn't rhyme, but it's still pretty good. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean the military has been using it since Teddy

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Speaker 1: Roosevelt used it. Certainly world War One, it was used

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Speaker 1: as a weapon. And uh, yeah, any any prison movie

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Speaker 1: you're ever gonna see, you're gonna see a formidable coiled

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Speaker 1: strip of razor wire around the top of those fences.

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Speaker 1: It's like an extra silent character in most movies, right,

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Speaker 1: especially You've got mail. Oh that was from the last episode. Right. Uh,

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Speaker 1: If you want to know more about barbed wire, we'll

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Speaker 1: just start walking and fella, you're bound to wander into

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Speaker 1: it sooner or later. Just brings some antibiotics because you're

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Speaker 1: going to get an infection. And since I said that,

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Speaker 1: that's the end of the episode, and since it's a

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Speaker 1: short stuff, that means that short stuff it's over. Stuff

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Speaker 1: you should know is a production of iHeart Radio's How

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works. For more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the

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Speaker 1: iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to

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Speaker 1: your favorite shows. M