WEBVTT - How Urban Planning Works 0:00:00.240 --> 0:00:02.880 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.120 --> 0:00:07.480 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should Know 0:00:08.080 --> 0:00:16.479 from House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to 0:00:16.520 --> 0:00:20.520 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W Chuck Bryant 0:00:21.200 --> 0:00:24.280 that would make this stuff you should know? As if 0:00:24.280 --> 0:00:29.080 you didn't know, should I speak? Yeah, please do speak? 0:00:29.080 --> 0:00:31.280 Bail me out. Yeah, this is a show number two 0:00:31.280 --> 0:00:35.440 in the temporary office. I hate this place so much. 0:00:35.520 --> 0:00:38.000 I know it's weird. Get used to it, buddy. We'll 0:00:38.040 --> 0:00:40.560 be here for the next six weeks and then it'll 0:00:40.600 --> 0:00:43.760 be like whoa look at this new studio would be 0:00:43.760 --> 0:00:46.559 like the kitchen of the future. Yeah, yeah, but from 0:00:46.600 --> 0:00:51.080 the fifties, so Chuck, Yes, Josh. Do you know what 0:00:51.159 --> 0:00:56.840 May seven was? It was a big day, my wedding anniversary. No, 0:00:57.120 --> 0:00:59.920 that was not my wedding anniversion. Go ahead. Was a 0:01:00.040 --> 0:01:04.600 weird thing to say if it wasn't true, okay, um, chuck. 0:01:06.400 --> 0:01:11.760 USD seven represented the day that more humans in modern 0:01:11.840 --> 0:01:15.479 times lived in cities than did rural areas. I believe 0:01:15.480 --> 0:01:19.600 it a couple of so that didn't blow your mind. No, 0:01:19.800 --> 0:01:23.560 I believe it so a couple of researchers, one from 0:01:24.120 --> 0:01:28.120 NC State and another from our Deer University of Georgia. Uh, 0:01:28.360 --> 0:01:31.959 did some demographic numbers, crunched them and came up with 0:01:32.720 --> 0:01:37.080 three billion, three hundred three million, nine hundred ninety two thousand, 0:01:37.240 --> 0:01:40.560 two hundred and fifty three people in cities. And on 0:01:40.600 --> 0:01:43.760 that day there were three billion, three hundred three million, 0:01:44.120 --> 0:01:47.240 eight hundred and sixty six thousand, four hundred and four 0:01:47.360 --> 0:01:49.840 rural people. Do you know what percentage that breaks down 0:01:49.880 --> 0:01:53.880 to fifty something? It was fifty points something because they 0:01:53.880 --> 0:01:57.080 were projected at that since you brought it up past 0:01:57.400 --> 0:02:01.560 stats in eight hundred only uh, slightly more than two million, 0:02:01.600 --> 0:02:04.480 I'm sorry, two of the world's population lived in the 0:02:04.480 --> 0:02:09.360 cities by nineteen hundred. That was and uh they predicted 0:02:09.400 --> 0:02:15.280 by it. Would you know why the shift Industrial revolution boom? Yeah, 0:02:15.400 --> 0:02:17.760 we went from an agrarian society to one where you 0:02:17.760 --> 0:02:20.600 could make the cheese in the city, and so everybody 0:02:20.639 --> 0:02:23.120 moved to the city, right. I thought it was tai food. 0:02:24.240 --> 0:02:27.120 I think that was that was a happy benefit of 0:02:27.200 --> 0:02:31.920 byproduct um and uh so people started moving to cities 0:02:32.080 --> 0:02:35.080 more and more. By nineteen ten, there were scores of 0:02:35.160 --> 0:02:38.680 cities around the United States that boasted a million or 0:02:38.720 --> 0:02:40.839 more people. Right. Yeah, they were kind of crappy though, 0:02:41.160 --> 0:02:43.600 they were. And one of the reasons why is because 0:02:44.120 --> 0:02:46.840 they were just kind of thrown together. Right. Somebody wanted 0:02:46.840 --> 0:02:49.760 to open a business, Well, you bought the land, built 0:02:49.760 --> 0:02:53.040 the business, and probably lived upstairs from it. Right. There 0:02:53.160 --> 0:02:58.880 was sprawl, cramp conditions, tenement housing, um, poor water quality. 0:02:59.240 --> 0:03:03.000 Can I read the quote? Yeah? From Henry Blake Fuller's 0:03:03.040 --> 0:03:07.080 novel with the Procession and the nineteen hundreds, they were 0:03:07.120 --> 0:03:11.919 describing Chicago, and the protagonist Truesdale Marshall said, Chicago is 0:03:11.960 --> 0:03:17.519 a hideous monster, so pitifully grotesque, grewesome, appalling. Yeah, not 0:03:17.520 --> 0:03:20.160 not a pretty picture now, And anybody who's familiar with 0:03:20.240 --> 0:03:23.920 Chicago now would be like, what that's Chicago. Chicago was 0:03:23.960 --> 0:03:28.200 the bomb, you know, that's what they say. That's exactly 0:03:28.200 --> 0:03:31.520 what someone would say. Right. The reason why somebody would 0:03:31.520 --> 0:03:34.680 say that today is because there was a guy named 0:03:34.800 --> 0:03:38.960 Daniel Hudson Burnham. Love this dude. He was Chicago architect 0:03:39.280 --> 0:03:42.880 and uh monsieur. Burnham came up with this thing called 0:03:42.920 --> 0:03:46.120 the City Beautiful Program, right, yeah, and I agree with it. 0:03:47.720 --> 0:03:51.760 Form build a form and function will follow, right. So uh, 0:03:52.160 --> 0:03:56.960 Mr Burnham's vision was to create municipal art like fountains, statuary, 0:03:57.160 --> 0:04:02.760 green space, parks, sidewalk and if you beautified the city, 0:04:03.120 --> 0:04:06.600 crime other social ills would kind of fall off at 0:04:06.640 --> 0:04:10.520 the very least because of the newfound civic pride, right, 0:04:10.840 --> 0:04:13.120 people want to keep it clean. You see some kids 0:04:13.120 --> 0:04:16.040 spray painting a beautiful fountain, You're probably gonna open his 0:04:16.120 --> 0:04:19.360 skull with your walking cane, right right, yeah, and he 0:04:19.560 --> 0:04:23.840 um he unveiled this at the eighteen nine World's Colombian 0:04:23.880 --> 0:04:26.880 Exposition that was one of the best ever in Chicago. 0:04:27.640 --> 0:04:31.239 And uh, he started applying those principles uh in between 0:04:31.320 --> 0:04:37.440 nineteen o two and nineteen o five in d C, Cleveland, Ohio, Manila, 0:04:37.560 --> 0:04:41.360 oddly in San Francisco. Well, hey, the Filipinos needs some 0:04:41.400 --> 0:04:45.240 help to you know. Um, and uh, the the whole 0:04:45.279 --> 0:04:47.120 thing really kind of came together for him since he 0:04:47.240 --> 0:04:50.520 was a Chicago architect. Uh in nineteen o six when 0:04:50.600 --> 0:04:53.960 he and another guy named Edward Bennett created the Plan 0:04:54.120 --> 0:04:58.719 of Chicago the Kitchen of the Future, right yeah, And 0:04:58.760 --> 0:05:03.560 that's basically the first example of well not true, because 0:05:03.640 --> 0:05:05.960 urban planning goes all the way back to Rome. But 0:05:06.279 --> 0:05:10.880 the first example of a comprehensive plan for an American city, 0:05:10.920 --> 0:05:13.279 growth plan for an American city. Right. And actually the 0:05:13.360 --> 0:05:17.080 Romans didn't necessarily have a comprehensive plan. They had really 0:05:17.080 --> 0:05:22.320 good architects who were who who Burnham based his ideas on. Right. 0:05:22.360 --> 0:05:24.240 They had a lot of municipals are, a lot of 0:05:24.240 --> 0:05:28.440 great municipal gathering spaces. They had the aqueducts, sewers, harry water, 0:05:28.480 --> 0:05:31.800 they had sewers and public houses that were placed in 0:05:31.920 --> 0:05:35.200 areas where everybody could enjoy them. Right. And that is 0:05:35.240 --> 0:05:37.520 one of the tenants of urban planning that we'll get 0:05:37.560 --> 0:05:41.160 to is not to exclude any people's because of like 0:05:41.680 --> 0:05:46.040 geographic location or like socio economic conditions. Right. So, so 0:05:46.120 --> 0:05:50.640 Burnham basically throws down the gauntlet and says, I have 0:05:50.839 --> 0:05:55.360 created urban planning. Right, good for him, good for all 0:05:55.360 --> 0:05:58.200 of us. And it kind of took off. In addition 0:05:58.240 --> 0:06:02.279 to the Romans, which borrowed heavily from, he also leaned 0:06:02.320 --> 0:06:04.920 a lot on the Parisians. Have you ever been to Paris? 0:06:05.080 --> 0:06:08.200 I have. It's a gorgeous city, awesome, awesome city. Apparently, 0:06:08.240 --> 0:06:12.080 back during the seventeenth century, during the reign of Louis 0:06:12.120 --> 0:06:15.480 the fourteenth UM, there was a lot of really good 0:06:15.520 --> 0:06:19.159 planning going on, or at least public architecture being raised 0:06:19.440 --> 0:06:22.360 in areas that weren't really settled. But these these uh 0:06:22.640 --> 0:06:25.680 court architects had the foresight to be like, well, people 0:06:25.720 --> 0:06:28.080 are kind of spreading out over here. They're probably gonna 0:06:28.120 --> 0:06:30.680 need this land eventually, so we're gonna put some parks 0:06:30.680 --> 0:06:33.560 over here and just attract them. And sure enough, that's 0:06:33.560 --> 0:06:37.120 where people started to settle. So that concept and then 0:06:37.120 --> 0:06:41.680 the concept of equality uh for citizens, as far as 0:06:41.720 --> 0:06:45.000 the urban planners concerned, um or really, they kind of 0:06:45.000 --> 0:06:48.760 formed the foundation of Burnham's principles. Right, Yes, should we 0:06:48.800 --> 0:06:51.240 just simply state the goal of urban planning, let's do. 0:06:51.320 --> 0:06:53.080 I'm actually gonna read it because it's it's just so 0:06:53.120 --> 0:06:55.800 succinctly put here. It is to guide the development of 0:06:55.800 --> 0:06:58.040 a city or town so that it furthers the welfare 0:06:58.520 --> 0:07:02.880 of its current and future resident by creating convenient, equitable, healthful, efficient, 0:07:03.120 --> 0:07:06.680 and attractive environments. That says it all. But you would 0:07:06.720 --> 0:07:09.560 be a pretty shoddy urban planner if you built a 0:07:09.600 --> 0:07:13.160 fountain somewhere and went to, uh, it's the park of 0:07:13.200 --> 0:07:16.120 the future, Like it's a lot more than that, right, sure. 0:07:16.480 --> 0:07:20.760 So there's basically three main things that an urban planner 0:07:20.800 --> 0:07:25.440 takes into account when creating a plan for an existing city. 0:07:25.800 --> 0:07:29.760 There's also planned communities, also called new towns or new cities. 0:07:29.960 --> 0:07:32.480 Right did you know Columbia, Maryland was one of those 0:07:32.960 --> 0:07:34.680 until I read this built from the ground up. It 0:07:35.040 --> 0:07:37.880 was one of the United States first plan communities, which 0:07:37.920 --> 0:07:41.200 is different than a suburb. Right, this is the town's 0:07:41.400 --> 0:07:44.160 and they said, we we want a city, build it 0:07:44.200 --> 0:07:49.360 for us, and uh they did. Yeah, and it's grown 0:07:49.400 --> 0:07:52.800 since then. Same with rest in Virginia and uh, the 0:07:52.880 --> 0:07:57.880 government often gets into the acts. Alamos, Oak Ridge, both 0:07:57.920 --> 0:08:00.880 of those are planned towns for a very important reason. Yeah, 0:08:00.880 --> 0:08:04.720 the Manhattan Project. I am the bringer of death, destroy 0:08:04.800 --> 0:08:07.960 of worlds. I have become death. I think whatever, good 0:08:08.000 --> 0:08:14.000 old Philipoppenheimer and wait for the evening, Yes it is Robert. 0:08:14.240 --> 0:08:16.600 So the three things that they take into account, Urban 0:08:16.640 --> 0:08:19.280 planners take into account of the physical environment, right. Yeah. 0:08:19.400 --> 0:08:22.400 That means obviously where it is, uh, what the climates 0:08:22.440 --> 0:08:24.800 like you gotta got you know, if you're building in Seattle, 0:08:24.840 --> 0:08:27.480 you gotta take into account the misty rain that falls. Sure, 0:08:27.560 --> 0:08:29.760 and also if you, especially if you're planning a town 0:08:29.800 --> 0:08:32.080 from the ground up, and especially if it was the 0:08:32.120 --> 0:08:35.680 early twentieth century, you were likely to take advantage of 0:08:35.760 --> 0:08:40.520 a river. Uh, specifically a fall line where the river 0:08:40.640 --> 0:08:44.080 runs out of the mountains and into the sediment the 0:08:44.120 --> 0:08:48.840 delta right towards the ocean. Coastal plains of course, very popular. Yeah, 0:08:49.120 --> 0:08:52.360 so um and also Chuck, speaking of rivers and water, 0:08:52.679 --> 0:08:55.640 people love to settle by water for trade, for drinking water. 0:08:55.679 --> 0:08:59.160 It's really important, um. As water scarcity continues. By I 0:08:59.160 --> 0:09:03.640 think five an estimated quarter of the world's population are 0:09:03.679 --> 0:09:07.440 going to be without access to clean drinking water. I 0:09:07.600 --> 0:09:09.760 predict that a lot more people are going to show 0:09:09.880 --> 0:09:13.080 up in areas where there are there is water, whether 0:09:13.120 --> 0:09:16.920 it's already established or they're going to found new areas 0:09:16.960 --> 0:09:21.040 towards the headwaters or the tall lines, makes sense, right, 0:09:21.480 --> 0:09:24.080 And our migration patterns are going to shift radically within 0:09:24.120 --> 0:09:28.440 the next fifty years. That means other areas will be 0:09:28.480 --> 0:09:31.520 deserted too. Yeah, that's gonna be weird. It is gonna 0:09:31.559 --> 0:09:33.240 be weird, and it's gonna be a big challenge for 0:09:33.360 --> 0:09:38.360 urban planners who also take into account the social environment, right, 0:09:38.559 --> 0:09:42.200 that is UH, groups that um a city's residents belong 0:09:42.280 --> 0:09:47.400 to neighborhoods, um workplaces. UH in policies. You've seen slum 0:09:47.440 --> 0:09:50.480 Dog Millionaire, I have a great movie. So in the 0:09:50.559 --> 0:09:54.760 in Mumbai, I think fifty of the residents live in 0:09:54.800 --> 0:09:58.720 the slums. Those are pretty serious slums too. And in 0:09:58.760 --> 0:10:02.280 Africa you mentioned this aim deal with water in Nairobi, 0:10:02.640 --> 0:10:06.680 uh and Lagos, more than six of households aren't connected 0:10:06.720 --> 0:10:09.600 the water, so that that's not very good urban planning. 0:10:09.679 --> 0:10:13.319 So if if Lagos, Nigeria said, hey, we want an 0:10:13.400 --> 0:10:15.840 urban plan, we want a master plan for our city, 0:10:16.240 --> 0:10:18.640 probably one of the first things that this urban planner 0:10:18.640 --> 0:10:21.319 would come up with was a way to get water 0:10:21.559 --> 0:10:25.520 equitably throughout the town. Right. And then there's also the 0:10:25.600 --> 0:10:29.680 economic environment and really important. Yeah. Basically you want to 0:10:29.720 --> 0:10:32.720 take into account existing businesses, but also figure out a 0:10:32.720 --> 0:10:38.240 way to attract new businesses and let the economic engine thrive. Right. Yeah. 0:10:38.320 --> 0:10:40.920 The future part of it is UH one of the 0:10:41.000 --> 0:10:44.760 key components of urban planning and one of the reasons 0:10:44.760 --> 0:10:48.400 it's criticized is some some critics will say that they 0:10:48.559 --> 0:10:51.480 take too much the future into account, too much, and 0:10:51.480 --> 0:10:53.600 they don't concentrate enough on what we need right now. 0:10:54.440 --> 0:10:55.880 But we'll get to a little more of that later. 0:10:56.120 --> 0:10:59.559 We will. Let's keep on with the master plan show. Okay, well, 0:10:59.559 --> 0:11:03.160 what's a mess your plan? Josh? Uh, Well, it's not 0:11:03.200 --> 0:11:06.560 as ominous or sinister as it sounds. Basically, it is 0:11:07.240 --> 0:11:11.120 exactly what it sounds like. Take away the ominous sinister part. 0:11:11.320 --> 0:11:15.240 It's the master plan for this community. How the how 0:11:15.400 --> 0:11:18.480 the transportation sector figures in or will figure it sure, 0:11:18.520 --> 0:11:21.760 how land use will be um factored in the future, 0:11:22.400 --> 0:11:29.880 um airports, water, sewage, right, parks, neighborhoods, housing again, economic development. Basically, 0:11:29.880 --> 0:11:32.200 you have to take all these components. People living in 0:11:32.240 --> 0:11:35.440 the city, people working in the city, how they're getting 0:11:35.480 --> 0:11:39.200 from home to work, what they're seeing along their route, 0:11:39.440 --> 0:11:42.640 and then how they're sustaining themselves food, water, that kind 0:11:42.640 --> 0:11:47.720 of thing, and creating a plan for the future, right 0:11:47.800 --> 0:11:50.199 and that the urban planning doesn't stop though at this 0:11:50.360 --> 0:11:53.080 like uh, pie in the sky, goog, we should just 0:11:53.120 --> 0:11:55.600 do this. This would be great. It has to be feasible, 0:11:55.679 --> 0:11:57.200 it has to be workable. They got to show how 0:11:57.280 --> 0:11:59.400 much it costs and how it's going to be carried 0:11:59.400 --> 0:12:03.760 out to They can't just present some some nebulous, awesome 0:12:03.880 --> 0:12:05.760 goal that can never be reached. Have you seen a 0:12:05.800 --> 0:12:09.920 master plan? Uh? No, have you? They are ridiculously detailed. 0:12:10.120 --> 0:12:13.679 Really Yea. Often they'll have UM, it'll it'll look kind 0:12:13.679 --> 0:12:16.120 of like a big blueprint's commanded like hundreds of pages 0:12:16.240 --> 0:12:18.440 right right, But the way that I've seen it done 0:12:18.559 --> 0:12:24.440 is um. Each page is like a transparency but they're huge. Um. 0:12:24.520 --> 0:12:27.280 And then so you'll have like the physical the geography 0:12:27.320 --> 0:12:30.280 of the of the area city right. Then the next 0:12:30.480 --> 0:12:33.760 is um the infrastructure, and the next page that overlays 0:12:33.760 --> 0:12:36.160 it until you have like this thick Oh it literally builds. 0:12:36.280 --> 0:12:38.440 You look over it and you can see the whole 0:12:38.480 --> 0:12:41.719 master plan, but it's it's sector by sectors, bit by bit. 0:12:41.880 --> 0:12:44.960 That's really interesting. It's like a flipbook. Right. You also 0:12:45.080 --> 0:12:48.600 need public support for this, Yeah, that's one of the keys. 0:12:48.640 --> 0:12:50.840 You have to get your your the public on your side, 0:12:51.000 --> 0:12:53.640 or you're dead in the water. Because, as everyone knows, 0:12:54.120 --> 0:12:57.000 if the public is against you, the politicians are gonna 0:12:57.040 --> 0:12:59.120 start listening and they're not gonna go against the public 0:12:59.120 --> 0:13:01.600 too much either. They will some, but if the public 0:13:01.679 --> 0:13:03.760 is really really against something, then the politicians have to 0:13:03.800 --> 0:13:05.680 put the brakes on you. Back when I was a 0:13:05.720 --> 0:13:09.440 cub reporter for a weekly down in Henry County, there's 0:13:09.440 --> 0:13:13.079 this group called Neighbors Opposed to Parker Road development and 0:13:13.120 --> 0:13:17.079 not that they called the acronym NOPE. And they were 0:13:17.160 --> 0:13:20.200 just like this grassroots group of neighbors that became like 0:13:20.240 --> 0:13:23.520 this political powerhouse that we're fighting this development that was 0:13:23.559 --> 0:13:27.400 going to take over a really beautiful field in their area. 0:13:27.760 --> 0:13:29.600 And for years and years and years they fought. They 0:13:29.600 --> 0:13:33.040 showed up a city council meetings, county zoning meetings, everything 0:13:33.080 --> 0:13:34.520 they could show up to. They show up in these 0:13:34.600 --> 0:13:37.440 yellow shirts and they created this really loud voice and 0:13:37.440 --> 0:13:41.320 it was really admirable. Uh. And ultimately they there was 0:13:41.320 --> 0:13:44.000 a compromise of struct so it wasn't like this this 0:13:44.160 --> 0:13:47.160 terrible tract housing that the county had plenty of already. 0:13:47.400 --> 0:13:52.160 It was nicer housing with fewer lots per acre. And 0:13:52.200 --> 0:13:55.280 then I think like sixty of this land was dedicated 0:13:55.679 --> 0:13:59.120 uh imperpetuity green space like a park. Yeah, so they 0:13:59.160 --> 0:14:01.319 really they really did a lot. Yeah, we got the 0:14:01.360 --> 0:14:04.960 belt Line here in Atlanta, which is u a project 0:14:05.000 --> 0:14:07.200 which has a lot of green space that's tied to 0:14:07.280 --> 0:14:10.520 a light rail line all over the city, which is awesome, 0:14:10.559 --> 0:14:13.920 And I love this idea until I heard that I 0:14:14.000 --> 0:14:15.839 was gonna be like eighty five years old by the 0:14:15.840 --> 0:14:17.880 time it was finished. It's gonna take a while. Yeah, 0:14:17.880 --> 0:14:19.760 and that's actually since I brought it there. That's another 0:14:19.760 --> 0:14:25.680 one of the criticisms is that it's very time intensive 0:14:25.760 --> 0:14:28.800 to to do many of these plans, and the fact 0:14:28.840 --> 0:14:33.520 that that these processes take too long. Current residents are like, well, 0:14:33.520 --> 0:14:35.600 what I don't want to like give up my tax 0:14:35.640 --> 0:14:38.040 money for something that's going to be around in forty years, right, 0:14:38.080 --> 0:14:39.800 that's part of it. And also if you're in a 0:14:40.360 --> 0:14:43.800 kind of a new urban area, um, this thing is 0:14:43.800 --> 0:14:47.680 gonna evolve and change and go well beyond the plan 0:14:47.760 --> 0:14:53.400 before it be implemented. So time is definitely of the essence. Absolutely. 0:14:53.520 --> 0:14:56.400 And you said that, you know, the politicians often will 0:14:56.480 --> 0:14:59.720 not go along. That's not necessarily true in my experience. Well, 0:15:00.040 --> 0:15:04.240 spend go along with the developers dollars, and they actually 0:15:04.320 --> 0:15:08.440 do have legal authority to flex their muscles here there. 0:15:08.520 --> 0:15:10.760 There's this thing called eminent domain. Yeah. I think we 0:15:10.840 --> 0:15:13.400 talked about that in the squatting episode. Okay, I thought 0:15:13.400 --> 0:15:15.800 you meant we already talked about it in this podcast. No, no, 0:15:15.840 --> 0:15:17.480 of course I was zoning out or something like that. 0:15:17.840 --> 0:15:21.400 But speaking of zoning, oh yeah, nic zoning laws have 0:15:21.440 --> 0:15:22.880 a lot to do with it too, And that's where 0:15:22.920 --> 0:15:25.520 the well, the planners have to be aware of all 0:15:25.520 --> 0:15:27.200 these zonning laws, which is, you know whether or not 0:15:27.440 --> 0:15:30.080 an area is zoned for like business or for mixed 0:15:30.160 --> 0:15:33.640 use or for family only um housing. But that's where 0:15:33.640 --> 0:15:36.680 the politician can can flex their muscles as well, get 0:15:36.760 --> 0:15:38.880 zoning laws changed, and they can get the cops out 0:15:38.880 --> 0:15:41.760 there and be like, tear it down or we'll club you. 0:15:41.920 --> 0:15:46.000 Yeah that's true. Yeah, so Chuck. Not everybody's all hip 0:15:46.000 --> 0:15:51.240 on the urban planning thing, right, especially the early twentieth 0:15:51.280 --> 0:15:55.960 century version Burnham's original vision. There was a lady by 0:15:55.960 --> 0:15:58.760 the name of Jane Jacobs who wrote a book in 0:15:58.880 --> 0:16:03.120 nineteen sixty one death in Life of Great American Cities. 0:16:03.400 --> 0:16:06.720 She is awesome. Yeah, I researched her a little bit. Um. 0:16:06.760 --> 0:16:09.239 She passed away not too long ago, and the Rockefeller 0:16:09.280 --> 0:16:12.520 Foundation actually created something called the Jane Jacob's Metal and 0:16:12.560 --> 0:16:16.600 that recognizes individuals who have made a significant contribution to 0:16:16.760 --> 0:16:19.920 thinking about urban design. She was radical at the time. Dude, 0:16:19.920 --> 0:16:24.640 early sixties. Yeah, And what she came up with, Chuck was, um, 0:16:24.760 --> 0:16:29.120 that basically five main points, right. And the first is 0:16:29.200 --> 0:16:31.480 that the city is an ecosystem. And like you said, 0:16:31.520 --> 0:16:33.680 this was radical. This is that nobody looked at a 0:16:33.720 --> 0:16:37.400 city like this before. They're all drunk and you're smoking 0:16:37.400 --> 0:16:39.040 and drinking at work all day. I didn't think about 0:16:39.040 --> 0:16:41.560 that game, right, So, so Jane Jacobs just was the 0:16:41.600 --> 0:16:44.400 one who was sober and stopped and paid attention. Right, Okay, 0:16:44.440 --> 0:16:47.520 So if a city is an ecosystem, that means it's 0:16:47.560 --> 0:16:50.440 constantly evolving and moving and thriving. And if you look 0:16:50.480 --> 0:16:54.080 at it and each aspect of it as a system 0:16:54.120 --> 0:16:56.840 that's interconnected with the rest of the system to make 0:16:56.960 --> 0:17:01.240 up this organism or ecosystem, idealy you have a concept 0:17:01.280 --> 0:17:03.600 of what the city actually looks like, not what you 0:17:03.640 --> 0:17:06.679 want it to look like. Right. Um, you also have 0:17:06.840 --> 0:17:10.879 to take into account, um, the community. Right. Well. Yeah, 0:17:10.920 --> 0:17:12.399 and she she was a big critic of a lot 0:17:12.440 --> 0:17:15.000 of urban planners that many times weren't even from that city, 0:17:15.040 --> 0:17:18.240 would be hired and brought in and uh not put 0:17:18.280 --> 0:17:20.760 their feet to the pavement and talk to the local residents. 0:17:21.320 --> 0:17:24.639 And she thought that was obviously a big key was 0:17:24.840 --> 0:17:27.800 called bottom up planning, and that was radical at the 0:17:27.840 --> 0:17:30.840 time too, as was mixed use development. That was she 0:17:30.920 --> 0:17:32.879 was kind of the first champion of mixed use development, right, 0:17:32.880 --> 0:17:35.640 which we're really starting to see today. Even now it's 0:17:35.680 --> 0:17:38.000 not really taken off at least. I can't say, um 0:17:38.040 --> 0:17:43.800 for other towns necessarily, but in Atlanta, oh yeah, man everywhere, Yeah, um, live, work, play, right, 0:17:43.880 --> 0:17:46.919 but it's but nobody's necessarily subscribing to it. You know, 0:17:47.080 --> 0:17:49.000 there's a lot of them are sitting empty at this point. 0:17:49.040 --> 0:17:52.760 They definitely are, um, but I do think that in 0:17:52.800 --> 0:17:55.920 the future that's pretty much what we're gonna have to have. Yeah, 0:17:55.960 --> 0:17:58.760 And her mixed use wasn't only the modern thing that 0:17:58.800 --> 0:18:01.359 we see where there's like an apartment upstairs from a 0:18:01.600 --> 0:18:05.760 from a chapeau shop. It was she thought building should 0:18:05.800 --> 0:18:08.640 vary in age and condition as well, so like don't 0:18:08.680 --> 0:18:11.440 just go in and bulldoze everything and build everything up new. Yeah, 0:18:11.600 --> 0:18:17.160 she wanted different ages, conditions, and rental properties, own ownership properties. 0:18:17.680 --> 0:18:19.879 That's what she means. Um. She also thought all of 0:18:19.880 --> 0:18:23.160 it should be packed together, which is definitely counterintuitive, especially 0:18:23.160 --> 0:18:26.760 for the time. Everybody thought the closer you put people together, 0:18:27.320 --> 0:18:30.280 the more crime and other special ills are going to 0:18:30.359 --> 0:18:34.040 break out. Right. Her point was, no, you put people 0:18:34.080 --> 0:18:37.960 together and in this this mixed use area, and you're 0:18:38.000 --> 0:18:43.000 going to have city life seven. It's not just you know, 0:18:43.080 --> 0:18:45.760 when five o'clock comes to places deserted, there's always going 0:18:45.840 --> 0:18:47.800 to be people around. Things are always going to be open. 0:18:48.400 --> 0:18:52.119 Um and and she called for higher density. Lastly, she 0:18:52.240 --> 0:18:54.720 also said that a lot of emphasis should be placed 0:18:54.720 --> 0:18:57.120 on local economies. Yeah, this is what I'm the big 0:18:57.119 --> 0:18:59.679 fan of. UM. She was definitely not in favor of 0:19:00.359 --> 0:19:02.399 going and tearing down the old mom and pop shops 0:19:02.440 --> 0:19:04.800 to put in a large corporation because it's quote unquote 0:19:04.800 --> 0:19:08.720 more stable. She thought the stability of the small business 0:19:08.800 --> 0:19:14.199 in small entrepreneurs was was the way to go. You 0:19:14.200 --> 0:19:19.280 could do that by revitalizing downtown UM or having certain 0:19:19.320 --> 0:19:23.119 districts be very niche like the Hammock District in the 0:19:23.160 --> 0:19:27.280 Max Scorpio episode of The Simpsons, right, or the Garment District, 0:19:27.480 --> 0:19:31.080 the Garment District, Hells Kitchen, the meatpacking district, right Exactly. 0:19:31.160 --> 0:19:32.879 New York has a lot of districts, and what she 0:19:33.000 --> 0:19:35.200 was saying is, so you have a district over here 0:19:35.280 --> 0:19:39.399 in Manhattan that specializes in garments, and then you have 0:19:39.480 --> 0:19:44.760 a district over here in Brooklyn that specializes in meat. 0:19:46.160 --> 0:19:48.879 Somebody in the garment district is going to go, I 0:19:48.920 --> 0:19:52.359 need some meat and goes over to Brooklyn and vice versa, right, 0:19:52.480 --> 0:19:55.240 and it all works. Yeah, So it's cross pollination of 0:19:56.119 --> 0:19:58.960 towns or different parts of town to get people out 0:19:59.000 --> 0:20:04.919 and about rather than over to the old Navy, slash target, slash, 0:20:05.119 --> 0:20:08.720 bed bath and beyond. It's so ubiquitous here in Atlanta. 0:20:08.800 --> 0:20:13.719 Have you seen that postcard? It says, um Atlanta like 0:20:13.840 --> 0:20:17.160 no place else but then Atlanta. The font is kind 0:20:17.160 --> 0:20:20.040 of big, and then the background within each letter is 0:20:20.080 --> 0:20:23.800 like a target, an old navy, a bed bath and beyond. 0:20:24.040 --> 0:20:28.320 It is very The light just changed in here because 0:20:28.359 --> 0:20:31.640 the sun that was really weird. We're not used to windows. 0:20:32.280 --> 0:20:36.040 Oh I'm tripping. Uh. So her ideas were revolutionary, and 0:20:36.080 --> 0:20:39.080 they in the early sixties built on kind of the 0:20:39.080 --> 0:20:42.600 modern foundation of what urban planners many times due today. 0:20:43.320 --> 0:20:49.680 You know, although she was criticized for fostering gentrification. Yeah, 0:20:49.680 --> 0:20:52.359 I could see that there's a there's a real problem 0:20:52.400 --> 0:20:56.600 with it, especially in areas that have extensive suburbs. People. 0:20:56.880 --> 0:20:59.720 White people come out of the suburbs into the old 0:20:59.720 --> 0:21:03.360 town by cheap property and do it enough in droves 0:21:03.680 --> 0:21:07.199 that they drive out the lower classes who have to 0:21:07.240 --> 0:21:11.240 go out to the slightly outer suburbs or the inner suburbs, 0:21:11.720 --> 0:21:14.120 and then they push white people already there further out, 0:21:14.160 --> 0:21:17.359 and it becomes a sufficious cycle where white flight takes 0:21:17.359 --> 0:21:20.960 place exactly through gentrific cases. Not good, that's not that's good. 0:21:21.080 --> 0:21:22.720 She She counted that though, gosh, I wish I had 0:21:22.720 --> 0:21:24.720 a quote with me. I can't remember what it was, 0:21:24.760 --> 0:21:28.240 something that was shut up, shut it. Yeah, that was it, 0:21:28.320 --> 0:21:33.440 I think now. It was something about um, mixed communities 0:21:33.480 --> 0:21:36.600 and mixed races and everyone kind of living together. Yeah. 0:21:36.600 --> 0:21:38.800 So she wasn't for driving out, you know, the poor 0:21:38.840 --> 0:21:40.600 people or anything like that. Well no, I mean who 0:21:40.800 --> 0:21:46.800 is jerks rich people? I guess so, um, chuck, we 0:21:46.880 --> 0:21:51.960 finally arrived at my favorite part the future, right right? Yeah? 0:21:52.000 --> 0:21:55.680 About what fourteen years after Jane Jacobs wrote her book, 0:21:56.400 --> 0:22:00.280 NASA got a few people together. They did in to 0:22:00.359 --> 0:22:02.560 plan the city in the sky. They've been we've been 0:22:02.600 --> 0:22:06.800 planning space development, urban planning. I guess that would be 0:22:06.840 --> 0:22:10.639 would that be urban lunar urban lunar planning for a 0:22:10.680 --> 0:22:14.760 long long time. What they came up with was a 0:22:14.800 --> 0:22:19.560 city that's a wheel, right, as Journey says, the wheel 0:22:19.560 --> 0:22:25.960 and the sky keeps on turning, and this wheel would 0:22:25.960 --> 0:22:30.720 actually spin, it would rotate on an access yes, alright, 0:22:30.920 --> 0:22:32.639 the wheel and this guy would keep on turning on 0:22:33.720 --> 0:22:37.560 Um and through this it would actually create gravity and 0:22:38.000 --> 0:22:42.680 allow for movement of air. Right, so people could do 0:22:42.720 --> 0:22:45.120 anything that they wanted to on Earth as long as 0:22:45.160 --> 0:22:47.960 you know, there was an old navy in this wheel 0:22:48.040 --> 0:22:52.360 city UM, and they could also breathe and not float. 0:22:53.080 --> 0:22:56.680 And I think also everybody was issued an orange bell 0:22:56.720 --> 0:23:00.440 bottom jumpsuit too. As far as the nineteen said, five 0:23:00.440 --> 0:23:02.520 guys came up with you've been working on that one 0:23:02.720 --> 0:23:05.840 just now. Okay, Yeah, that's good. And Mars too. They're 0:23:05.840 --> 0:23:08.760 talking about colonizing Mars obviously. Yeah, we're talking about terrist 0:23:08.760 --> 0:23:12.040 eating you remember, So maybe one day we will live 0:23:12.040 --> 0:23:14.640 on the Moon and on Mars. And that's where some 0:23:14.760 --> 0:23:17.640 serious urban planning has gotta go on. Check. I wanted 0:23:17.640 --> 0:23:20.000 to talk to you about something real quick. One of 0:23:20.000 --> 0:23:21.720 the things that one of the trends that we're seeing, 0:23:21.800 --> 0:23:27.440 especially with mixed use development UM is a focus on 0:23:27.760 --> 0:23:31.679